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<document id="79175ACA96FAB0DC57A0116FB47B95A5" ID-ISSN="1536-9307" ID-ZooBank="73665FA8-D9E4-4996-8176-E22BB56086BD" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1638259957435" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kovařík, František, Lowe, Graeme &amp; Šťáhlavský, František" docDate="2018" docId="6974879002028F41FE97FEBCFB08D123" docLanguage="en" docName="Euscorpius.268-1-27.pdf" docOrigin="Euscorpius 268" docStyle="DocumentStyle:05AD4CDCECA6C90C60787CEF3EC4672A.3:Euscorpius.2002-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="05AD4CDCECA6C90C60787CEF3EC4672A" docStyleName="Euscorpius.2002-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Chaerilus Simon 1877" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="2" masterDocId="954DFFE802018F42FFF2FFF1FFFCD574" masterDocTitle="Three new Chaerilus from Malaysia (Tioman Island) and Thailand (Scorpiones Chaerilidae) with a review of C cimrmani C sejnai and C tichyi" masterLastPageNumber="27" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1699436302183" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="10164F908E2F568C50FAC3D217C73495">Three new Chaerilus from Malaysia (Tioman Island) and Thailand (Scorpiones Chaerilidae) with a review of C cimrmani C sejnai and C tichyi</mods:title>
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<figureCitation id="79E62A0302028F41FE73FE81FE04D4F3" box="[385,504,368,391]" captionStart-0="Figures 1–4" captionStart-1="Figures 5–12" captionStart-10="Figures 47–51" captionStart-11="Figures 52–66" captionStart-12="Figures 67–68" captionStart-13="Figures 69–72" captionStart-14="Figures 73–84" captionStart-15="Figures 85–92" captionStart-16="Figures 93–105" captionStart-17="Figures 106–107" captionStart-18="Figures 108–114" captionStart-19="Figures 115–123" captionStart-2="Figures 13–20" captionStart-20="Figures 124–125" captionStart-3="Figures 21–32" captionStart-4="Figures 33–36" captionStart-5="Figures 37–38" captionStart-6="Figures 39–40" captionStart-7="Figures 41–42" captionStart-8="Figures 43–44" captionStart-9="Figures 45–46" captionStartId-0="4.[192,278,1612,1635]" captionStartId-1="5.[192,278,1754,1777]" captionStartId-10="14.[192,278,1786,1809]" captionStartId-11="15.[192,278,1734,1757]" captionStartId-12="16.[192,278,1720,1743]" captionStartId-13="18.[192,278,1764,1787]" captionStartId-14="19.[192,278,1727,1750]" captionStartId-15="20.[192,278,1558,1581]" captionStartId-16="21.[192,278,1258,1281]" captionStartId-17="22.[192,278,1697,1720]" captionStartId-18="23.[192,278,1730,1753]" captionStartId-19="24.[192,278,1474,1497]" captionStartId-2="6.[192,278,1627,1650]" captionStartId-20="25.[192,278,1782,1805]" captionStartId-3="7.[192,278,1343,1366]" captionStartId-4="8.[192,278,921,944]" captionStartId-5="9.[192,278,1830,1853]" captionStartId-6="10.[192,278,1696,1719]" captionStartId-7="11.[192,278,1764,1787]" captionStartId-8="12.[192,278,1767,1790]" captionStartId-9="13.[192,278,1653,1676]" captionTargetBox-0="[206,1423,198,1574]" captionTargetBox-1="[191,1440,191,1716]" captionTargetBox-10="[191,1440,191,1757]" captionTargetBox-11="[204,1435,217,1702]" captionTargetBox-12="[191,1440,191,1690]" captionTargetBox-13="[202,1430,225,1705]" captionTargetBox-14="[191,1440,215,1684]" captionTargetBox-15="[198,1439,179,1536]" captionTargetBox-16="[202,1425,170,1222]" captionTargetBox-17="[191,1440,191,1667]" captionTargetBox-18="[191,1440,191,1701]" captionTargetBox-19="[191,1437,191,1445]" captionTargetBox-2="[192,1439,204,1588]" captionTargetBox-20="[191,1440,210,1753]" captionTargetBox-3="[215,1420,199,1311]" captionTargetBox-4="[199,1426,199,856]" captionTargetBox-5="[191,1440,212,1801]" captionTargetBox-6="[191,1440,167,1666]" captionTargetBox-7="[191,1440,191,1734]" captionTargetBox-8="[191,1440,199,1729]" captionTargetBox-9="[208,1429,213,1619]" captionTargetId-0="figure-19@4.[192,1439,192,1582]" captionTargetId-1="figure-6@5.[192,1439,192,1715]" captionTargetId-10="figure-76@14.[192,1439,192,1756]" captionTargetId-11="figure-6@15.[192,1439,212,1704]" captionTargetId-12="figure-19@16.[192,1439,192,1690]" captionTargetId-13="figure-23@18.[192,1440,217,1709]" captionTargetId-14="figure-37@19.[192,1439,216,1683]" captionTargetId-15="figure-19@20.[192,1439,168,1545]" captionTargetId-16="figure-8@21.[192,1437,168,1228]" captionTargetId-17="figure-126@22.[192,1439,192,1667]" captionTargetId-18="figure-6@23.[192,1439,192,1700]" captionTargetId-19="figure-383@24.[192,1437,192,1444]" captionTargetId-2="figure-19@6.[192,1439,192,1597]" captionTargetId-20="figure-70@25.[192,1439,211,1752]" captionTargetId-3="figure-6@7.[192,1437,192,1313]" captionTargetId-4="figure-19@8.[192,1437,192,860]" captionTargetId-5="figure-42@9.[192,1439,213,1800]" captionTargetId-6="figure-19@10.[192,1439,168,1666]" captionTargetId-7="figure-125@11.[192,1439,192,1733]" captionTargetId-8="figure-75@12.[192,1439,200,1728]" captionTargetId-9="figure-124@13.[192,1439,192,1623]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-10="14" captionTargetPageId-11="15" captionTargetPageId-12="16" captionTargetPageId-13="18" captionTargetPageId-14="19" captionTargetPageId-15="20" captionTargetPageId-16="21" captionTargetPageId-17="22" captionTargetPageId-18="23" captionTargetPageId-19="24" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-20="25" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionTargetPageId-4="8" captionTargetPageId-5="9" captionTargetPageId-6="10" captionTargetPageId-7="11" captionTargetPageId-8="12" captionTargetPageId-9="13" captionText-0="Figures 1–4: Chaerilus majkusi sp. n. Figures 1–2. Holotype male, dorsal (1) and ventral (2) views. Figures 3–4. Paratype female, dorsal (3) and ventral (4) views. Scale bar: 10 mm." captionText-1="Figures 5–12: Chaerilus majkusi sp. n. Figures 5, 7, 9–12. Holotype male, carapace and tergites I–IV (5), sternopectinal region and sternites (7), left legs I–IV, retrolateral aspect (9–12). Figures 6, 8. Paratype female, carapace and tergites I–III (6), sternopectinal region and sternites III–V (8)." captionText-10="Figures 47–51: Chaerilus neradorum sp. n., holotype male, carapace and tergites I–III (47), sternopectinal region and sternites (48), metasoma and telson, lateral (49), ventral (50), and dorsal (51) views. Scale bar: 5 mm (49–51)." captionText-11="Figures 52–66: Chaerilus neradorum sp. n., holotype male, pedipalp chela, dorsal (52), externodorsal (53), and ventrointernal (54) views. Pedipalp patella, dorsal (55), external (56) and ventral (57) views. Pedipalp femur and trochanter, dorsal (58) and ventral (59) views. Movable (60) and fixed (61) fingers. Left legs I–IV, retrolateral/ventral aspects (62–66). The trichobothrial pattern is indicated in Figures 52–58." captionText-12="Figures 67–68: Chaerilus neradorum sp. n., male holotype (67) and Chaerilus cimrmani Kovařík, 2012, male (68) in vivo habitus." captionText-13="Figures 69–72: Chaerilus stockmannorum sp. n. Figures 69–70. Holotype male, dorsal (69) and ventral (70) views. Figures 71–72. Paratype female, dorsal (71) and ventral (72) views. Scale bar: 10 mm." captionText-14="Figures 73–84: Chaerilus stockmannorum sp. n. Figures 73, 75, 77–80. Holotype male, carapace and tergites I–III (73), sternopectinal region and sternites (75), left legs I–IV, retrolateral aspect (77–80). Figures 74, 76, 81–84. Paratype female, carapace and tergites I–III (74), sternopectinal region and sternites (76), left legs I–IV, retrolateral aspect (81–84)." captionText-15="Figures 85–92: Chaerilus stockmannorum sp. n. Figures 85, 87–89. Holotype male, telson lateral (85), metasoma and telson, lateral (87), ventral (88), and dorsal (89) views. Figures 86, 90–91. Paratype female, telson lateral (86), metasoma and telson, lateral (90), ventral (91), and dorsal (92) views. Scale bar: 10 mm (87–92)." captionText-16="Figures 93–105: Figures 93–104: Chaerilus stockmannorum sp. n. Figures 93–94. Paratype female, pedipalp chela, dorsal (93) and externodorsal (94) views. Figures 95–104. Holotype male, pedipalp chela, dorsal (95), externodorsal (96), and ventrointernal (97) views. Pedipalp patella, dorsal (98), external (99) and ventral (100) views. Pedipalp femur and trochanter, dorsal (101) and ventrointernal (102) views. Pedipalp movable (103) and fixed (104) fingers. The trichobothrial pattern is indicated in Figures 96–101. Figures 105. Chaerilus cimrmani, male from Thailand, 50 km W of Phetcha Buri, pedipalp chela, dorsal view." captionText-17="Figures 106–107: Chaerilus stockmannorum sp. n., female paratype (106) and male holotype (107) in vivo habitus." captionText-18="Figures 108–114: Hemispermatophores of Chaerilus species. Figure 108. C.cimrmani. Figure 109. C.majkusi sp. n., male holotype. Figure 110. C.tichyi. Figures 111–112. C.stockmannorum sp. n., male holotype. Figures 113–114. C.hofereki, samples from two different individuals, capsule region and distal lamina (113) and whole hemispermatophore (114, reproduced from Kovařík et al., 2015). Convex views shown in all figures except Fig 112 (anterior view). Left hemispermatophore shown in all figures except for Fig. 108, which is right hemispermatophore shown in mirror image for comparison. Scale bars: 500 µm (108–109, 113–114), 1 mm (110–112)." captionText-19="Figures 115–123: The chromosomes of Chaerilus species. Figures 115–116. C. majkusi sp. n., mitotic metaphase (115) and meiotic metaphase I (116). Figures 117–118. C. neradorum sp. n., mitotic metaphase (117) and meiotic metaphase I (118). Figures 119–120. C. stockmannorum sp. n., mitotic metaphase (119) and meiotic metaphase I (120), arrows show chromosomes in pentavalent and arrowheads show chromosomes in trivalent. Figure 121. Mitotic metaphase of C. cimrmani. Figure 122. Meiotic metaphase I of C. sejnai. Figure 123. Mitotic metaphase of C. tichyi. Scale bar: 10 µm." captionText-2="Figures 13–20: Chaerilus majkusi sp. n. Figures 13, 15–17. Holotype male, metasoma V and telson lateral (13), metasoma and telson, lateral (15), ventral (16), and dorsal (17) views. Figures 14, 18–20. Paratype female, metasoma V and telson lateral (14), metasoma and telson, lateral (18), ventral (19), and dorsal (20) views. Scale bar: 10 mm (15–20)." captionText-20="Figures 124–125: Chaerilus tichyi Kovařík, 2000, female topotype with newborns (124) and juveniles after first ecdysis (125) in vivo habitus." captionText-3="Figures 21–32: Chaerilus majkusi sp. n. Figures 21–24. Paratype female, pedipalp chela, dorsal (21) and externodorsal (22) views, movable (23) and fixed (24) fingers. Figures 25–32. Holotype male, pedipalp chela, dorsal (25), externodorsal (26), and ventrointernal (27) views. Pedipalp patella, dorsal (28), external (29) and ventral (30) views. Pedipalp femur and trochanter, dorsal (31) and ventral (32) views. The trichobothrial pattern is indicated in Figures 25–31." captionText-4="Figures 33–36: Figures 33–34. Chaerilus majkusi sp. n., male paratype, left chelicera dorsal (33) and ventral (34) views. Figures 35–36. Chaerilus stockmannorum sp. n., male paratype, right chelicera dorsal (35) and ventral (36) views." captionText-5="Figures 37–38: Chaerilus majkusi sp. n., female paratype (37) and Chaerilus sejnai Kovařík, 2005, male (38) in vivo habitus." captionText-6="Figures 39–40: Chaerilus majkusi sp. n., male holotype (39) and female paratype with newborns (40) in vivo habitus." captionText-7="Figures 41–42: Chaerilus tichyi Kovařík, 2000, male (41) and female (42) topotypes in vivo habitus." captionText-8="Figures 43–44: Chaerilus, collection localities. Figure 43. C. majkusi sp. n., type locality. Figure 44. C. neradorum sp. n., type locality." captionText-9="Figures 45–46: Chaerilus neradorum sp. n., holotype male, dorsal (45) and ventral (46) views. Scale bar: 10 mm." pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Figs.1–125</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="AC5F033D02028F41FDF4FE81FDA9D4F3" box="[518,597,368,391]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="17.[192,257,818,841]" captionText="Table 1: Comparative measurements of Chaerilus majkusi sp. n. and Chaerilus neradorum sp. n. types. Abbreviations: length (L), width (W, in carapace it corresponds to posterior width), depth (D)." pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Table 1</tableCitation>
)
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<emphasis id="D3A9EA9402028F41FF32FE41FED5D4B3" box="[192,297,432,455]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Chaerilus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="854C4B7702028F41FEC5FE41FDFBD4B3" author="SIMON" box="[311,519,432,455]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="225 - 242" refId="ref8509" refString="SIMON, E. 1877. Etudes Arachnologiques. Part X. Arachnides nouveaux et peu connus. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 5 (7): 225 - 242." type="journal article" year="1877">Simon, 1877: 238</bibRefCitation>
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; Kovařík &amp; Ojanguren, 2013: 131–145, figs. 617–776 (complete reference list until 2013);
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<bibRefCitation id="854C4B7702028F41FE52FE1CFD46D770" author="KOVARIK" box="[416,698,493,516]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref7869" refString="KOVARIK, F., G. LOWE, D. HOFEREK, M. FORMAN &amp; J. KRAL. 2015. Two new Chaerilus from Vietnam (Scorpiones, Chaerilidae), with observations on growth and maturation of Chaerilus granulatus sp. n. and C. hofereki Kovarik et al., 2014. Euscorpius, 213: 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="2015">Kovařík et al, 2015: 1–21</bibRefCitation>
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, figs. 1– 91, tables 1–3.
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<emphasis id="D3A9EA9402028F41FF2AFDDAFE95D736" box="[216,361,555,578]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Chelomachus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="854C4B7702028F41FE80FDDAFDC2D736" author="THORELL" box="[370,574,555,578]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="521 - 729" refId="ref8711" refString="THORELL, T. 1889. Viaggio di Leonardo Fea in Birmanie e regioni vicine. XXI. - Aracnidi Artrogastri Birmani raccolti da L. Fea nel 1885 - 1887. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 27: 521 - 729." type="journal article" year="1889">Thorell, 1889: 583</bibRefCitation>
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(syn. by
<treatmentCitation id="607C109702028F41FD5AFDDAFEA0D714" author="KRAEPELIN" page="157" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" year="1899">
<bibRefCitation id="854C4B7702028F41FD5AFDDAFEA0D714" author="KRAEPELIN" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" refId="ref7984" refString="KRAEPELIN, K. 1899. Scorpiones und Pedipalpi. In Dahl, F. (ed.), Das Tierreich. Herausgegeben von der Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft. Berlin: R. Friedlander und Sohn Verlag, 8. Lieferung, 265 pp." type="book" year="1899">Kraepelin, 1899: 157</bibRefCitation>
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=
<treatmentCitation id="607C109702028F41FF29FD99FDC9D70B" author="POCOCK" box="[219,565,616,639]" page="250" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" year="1890">
<taxonomicName id="26DD4D0502028F41FF29FD99FDC9D70B" authority="Pocock, 1890: 250" authorityName="Pocock" authorityPageNumber="250" authorityYear="1890" box="[219,565,616,639]" class="Arachnida" family="Chaerilidae" genus="Uromachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3A9EA9402028F41FF29FD99FEABD70B" box="[219,343,616,639]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Uromachus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="854C4B7702028F41FE91FD99FDC9D70B" author="POCOCK" box="[355,565,616,639]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="250 - 252" refId="ref8256" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1890. Description of a new genus and species of scorpion belonging to the group Jurini. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 6 (5): 250 - 252." type="journal article" year="1890">Pocock, 1890: 250</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(syn. by
<treatmentCitation id="607C109702028F41FD5AFD99FEA0D7EA" author="KRAEPELIN" page="157" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" year="1899">
<bibRefCitation id="854C4B7702028F41FD5AFD99FEA0D7EA" author="KRAEPELIN" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" refId="ref7984" refString="KRAEPELIN, K. 1899. Scorpiones und Pedipalpi. In Dahl, F. (ed.), Das Tierreich. Herausgegeben von der Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft. Berlin: R. Friedlander und Sohn Verlag, 8. Lieferung, 265 pp." type="book" year="1899">Kraepelin, 1899: 157</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A9C7650D02028F41FF32FD36FD29D7AA" box="[192,725,711,734]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="E162368602028F41FF32FD36FD29D7AA" blockId="3.[192,725,711,734]" box="[192,725,711,734]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
<materialsCitation id="51B53CDB02028F41FF32FD36FD31D7AA" box="[192,717,711,734]" collectionCode="SPECIES" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="3E66882402028F41FF32FD36FF04D7AA" box="[192,248,711,734]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">TYPE</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="87CCAE4302028F41FF0CFD3AFEADD7AA" box="[254,337,715,734]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">SPECIES</collectionCode>
.
<taxonomicName id="26DD4D0502028F41FEACFD36FD31D7AA" authority="Simon, 1877" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1877" box="[350,717,711,734]" class="Arachnida" family="Chaerilidae" genus="Chaerilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegatus">
<emphasis id="D3A9EA9402028F41FEACFD36FDC3D7AA" box="[350,575,711,734]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Chaerilus variegatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="854C4B7702028F41FDB7FD36FD31D7AA" author="SIMON" box="[581,717,711,734]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="225 - 242" refId="ref8509" refString="SIMON, E. 1877. Etudes Arachnologiques. Part X. Arachnides nouveaux et peu connus. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 5 (7): 225 - 242." type="journal article" year="1877">Simon, 1877</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A9C7650D02028F41FF32FCF6FA93D4E2" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="E162368602028F41FF32FCF6FE12D0D6" blockId="3.[192,793,775,1442]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
DIAGNOSIS. Total length
<quantity id="26259B6302028F41FE29FCF6FDAED66A" box="[475,594,775,798]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="48.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="16.0">16–80 mm</quantity>
; orthobothriotaxy
<typeStatus id="3E66882402028F41FF32FCD7FF12D649" box="[192,238,806,829]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">type</typeStatus>
B; pedipalp femoral
<emphasis id="D3A9EA9402028F41FDF2FCD7FDC6D64B" box="[512,570,806,831]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
d
<subScript id="7D5934C302028F41FDFCFCC1FDEBD64B" attach="right" box="[526,535,816,831]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">3</subScript>
–d
<subScript id="7D5934C302028F41FDC3FCC1FDC6D64B" attach="left" box="[561,570,816,831]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">4</subScript>
</emphasis>
trichobothria configuration points toward dorsoexternal carina; pedipalp patella with three ventral trichobothria and pedipalp femur with 9 trichobothria, 4 of them dorsal; cheliceral fixed finger with median and basal denticles flush on surface, not fused into bicusp; ventral edge of cheliceral movable finger crenulated, dorsal edge with single subdistal denticle; ventral surface of cheliceral fixed finger with four denticles; dorsal edge of cheliceral movable finger with a single subdistal denticle; ventral surface of cheliceral fixed finger with denticles; sternum,
<emphasis id="D3A9EA9402028F41FEDAFB86FE91D1FA" box="[296,365,1143,1166]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
<typeStatus id="3E66882402028F41FEDAFB86FEA9D1FA" box="[296,341,1143,1166]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">type</typeStatus>
1
</emphasis>
, exhibits subtle wide horizontal compression; maxillary lobes I spatulate; hemispermatophore is
<emphasis id="D3A9EA9402028F41FEAEFB44FE49D1B8" box="[348,437,1205,1228]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">fusiform</emphasis>
; median denticle row (MD) of pedipalp chela finger arranged in
<emphasis id="D3A9EA9402028F41FDC4FB22FD7AD19E" box="[566,646,1235,1258]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">oblique</emphasis>
groups; pedipalp chela exhibits &quot;8-carina&quot; configuration; legs without tibial spurs, but with prolateral and retrolateral pedal spurs; tarsi of legs bear two or four rows of ventral setae and median row of spinules; fifth metasomal segment with a single ventral carina; telson without subaculear tubercle.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E162368602028F41FF32FA3DFA93D4E2" blockId="3.[192,793,1484,1905]" lastBlockId="3.[840,1441,199,406]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
CYTOGENETICS. Our cytogenetic analyses of six
<taxonomicName id="26DD4D0502028F41FD25FA3DFEB3D375" class="Arachnida" family="Chaerilidae" genus="Chaerilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="D3A9EA9402028F41FD25FA3DFF0DD375" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Chaerilus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
confirmed the basic cytogenetic characteristics of the family
<taxonomicName id="26DD4D0502028F41FE36F9F8FDC3D354" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1893" box="[452,575,1545,1568]" class="Arachnida" family="Chaerilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chaerilidae</taxonomicName>
that are shared with other scorpions. Typical for this arachnid order are the absence of morphologically differentiated sex chromosomes and achiasmatic meiosis in males (e. g.
<bibRefCitation id="854C4B7702028F41FF32F975FE40D3EF" author="SCHNEIDER" box="[192,444,1668,1691]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="545 - 555" refId="ref8395" refString="SCHNEIDER, M. C., A. A. ZACARO, R. PINTO-DA- ROCHA, D. M. CANDIDO &amp; D. M. CELLA. 2009. A comparative cytogenetic analysis of 2 Bothriuridae species and overview of the chromosome data of Scorpiones. Journal of Heredity, 100: 545 - 555." type="journal article" year="2009">Schneider et al., 2009</bibRefCitation>
). Moreover, we found a great range of variation in the diploid number within
<taxonomicName id="26DD4D0502028F41FF32F930FEC7D3AC" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1893" box="[192,315,1729,1752]" class="Arachnida" family="Chaerilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chaerilidae</taxonomicName>
(2n=76–186) that is similar to the variation in several other better characterized families with monocentric chromosomes such as
<taxonomicName id="26DD4D0502028F41FDA5F90FFD24D261" authorityName="Laurie" authorityYear="1896" box="[599,728,1790,1813]" class="Arachnida" family="Hormuridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hormuridae</taxonomicName>
(2n= 54–174),
<taxonomicName id="26DD4D0502028F41FEDCF8ECFE47D240" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[302,443,1821,1844]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Scorpionidae</taxonomicName>
(2n=50–120), and
<taxonomicName id="26DD4D0502028F41FD6FF8ECFCE4D240" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1893" box="[669,792,1821,1844]" class="Arachnida" family="Urodacidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Urodacidae</taxonomicName>
(2n=29–175) (Schneider et al., 2018). Interestingly,
<taxonomicName id="26DD4D0502028F41FF32F8ABFE27D205" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Šťáhlavský, 2018" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Šťáhlavský" authorityYear="2018" box="[192,475,1882,1905]" class="Arachnida" family="Chaerilidae" genus="Chaerilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stockmannorum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D3A9EA9402028F41FF32F8ABFE27D205" box="[192,475,1882,1905]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Chaerilus stockmannorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C89A57EF02028F41FE11F8ABFDDCD205" box="[483,544,1882,1905]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" rank="species">
<emphasis id="D3A9EA9402028F41FE11F8ABFE00D205" bold="true" box="[483,508,1882,1905]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">sp</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="D3A9EA9402028F41FDF8F8ABFDE5D205" bold="true" box="[522,537,1882,1905]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
has the highest known number of chromosomes (2n=186) within the order
<taxonomicName id="26DD4D0502028F41FCBAFF17FC43D589" box="[840,959,230,253]" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Scorpiones</taxonomicName>
. The different karyotype characteristics among
<taxonomicName id="26DD4D0502028F41FC6EFEF5FBA2D46F" box="[924,1118,260,283]" class="Arachnida" family="Chaerilidae" genus="Chaerilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="D3A9EA9402028F41FC6EFEF5FBF9D46F" box="[924,1029,260,283]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Chaerilus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
again emphasize the importance of cytogenetic analysis in the taxonomy of scorpions as was already demonstrated in genera
<taxonomicName id="26DD4D0502028F41FCBAFE91FB7CD403" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1828" box="[840,1152,352,375]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Heterometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3A9EA9402028F41FCBAFE91FC27D403" box="[840,987,352,375]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Heterometrus</emphasis>
(Scorpionidae)
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="854C4B7702028F41FB7CFE91FA90D403" author="PLISKOVA" box="[1166,1388,352,375]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="467 - 476" refId="ref8197" refString="PLISKOVA, J., F. KOVARIK, O. KOSULIC &amp; F. STAHLAVSKY. 2016. Description of a new species of Heterometrus Ehrenberg, 1828 (Scorpiones: Scorpionidae) from Thailand with remarks about the utilization of cytogenetic data in taxonomy of the genus. Annales Zoologici, 66: 467 - 476." type="journal article" year="2016">Plíšková et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="26DD4D0502028F41FCBAFE8EFBA5D4E2" authorityName="Kraepelin" authorityYear="1894" box="[840,1113,383,406]" class="Arachnida" family="Hormuridae" genus="Hadogenes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3A9EA9402028F41FCBAFE8EFC3CD4E2" box="[840,960,383,406]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Hadogenes</emphasis>
(Hormuridae)
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="854C4B7702028F41FB9BFE8EFA9DD4E2" author="STAHLAVSKY F." box="[1129,1377,383,406]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="82" refId="ref8578" refString="STAHLAVSKY F., J. STUNDLOVA, G. LOWE, M. STOCKMANN &amp; F. KOVARIK. 2018. Application of cytogenetic markers in the taxonomy of flat rock scorpions (Scorpiones: Hormuridae), with the description of Hadogenes weygoldti sp. n. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 273: 173 - 1 82." type="journal article" year="2018">Šťáhlavský et al., 2018</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A9C7650D02028F41FCBAFE31FB08D123" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" type="description">
<paragraph id="E162368602028F41FCBAFE31FB08D123" blockId="3.[840,1441,444,1111]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
HEMISPERMATOPHORES. The chaerilid hemispermatophores documented here are similar to those previously reported for the family (
<bibRefCitation id="854C4B7702028F41FBA9FE0BFAE7D765" author="BASTAWADE" box="[1115,1307,506,529]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="435 - 437" refId="ref7744" refString="BASTAWADE, D. B. 1994. A study of hemispermatophore in Indian scorpions of the families Chaerilidae, Vaejovidae and Ischnuridae. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 94 (2 - 4): 435 - 437." type="journal article" year="1994">Bastawade, 1994</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="854C4B7702028F41FAD8FE0BFC50D75B" author="KOVARIK" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref7869" refString="KOVARIK, F., G. LOWE, D. HOFEREK, M. FORMAN &amp; J. KRAL. 2015. Two new Chaerilus from Vietnam (Scorpiones, Chaerilidae), with observations on growth and maturation of Chaerilus granulatus sp. n. and C. hofereki Kovarik et al., 2014. Euscorpius, 213: 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="2015">Kovařík et al., 2015</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="854C4B7702028F41FC30FDE9FB0AD75B" author="LOURENCO W. R. &amp; DUHEM" box="[962,1270,536,559]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="13 - 25" refId="ref8098" refString="LOURENCO W. R. &amp; B. DUHEM. 2010. The genus Chaerilus Simon, 1877 (Scorpiones, Chaerilidae) in the Himalayas and description of a new species. ZooKeys, 37: 13 - 25." type="journal article" year="2010">Lourenço &amp; Duhem, 2010</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="854C4B7702028F41FAFBFDE9FC81D73A" author="MONOD L." pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref8139" refString="MONOD L., L. CAUWET, E. GONZALEZ- SANTILLAN &amp; S. HUBER. 2017. The male sexual apparatus in the order Scorpiones (Arachnida): a comparative study of functional morphology as a tool to define hypotheses of homology. Frontiers in Zoology, 14: 51: 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="2017">Monod et al, 2017</bibRefCitation>
; Stockwell, 1989). All conform to the basic plan of a laterally compressed fusiform structure with relatively large capsule region, relatively short, broad trunk, and a short, posteriorly directed distal lamina. The sperm hemiduct of the capsule is reinforced by a longer, stronger posterior (distal) carina, and a shorter, weaker anterior (basal) carina. As seen in
<figureCitation id="79E62A0302028F41FAC2FD1EFC8ED651" captionStart="Figures 108–114" captionStartId="23.[192,278,1730,1753]" captionTargetBox="[191,1440,191,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-6@23.[192,1439,192,1700]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figures 108–114: Hemispermatophores of Chaerilus species. Figure 108. C.cimrmani. Figure 109. C.majkusi sp. n., male holotype. Figure 110. C.tichyi. Figures 111–112. C.stockmannorum sp. n., male holotype. Figures 113–114. C.hofereki, samples from two different individuals, capsule region and distal lamina (113) and whole hemispermatophore (114, reproduced from Kovařík et al., 2015). Convex views shown in all figures except Fig 112 (anterior view). Left hemispermatophore shown in all figures except for Fig. 108, which is right hemispermatophore shown in mirror image for comparison. Scale bars: 500 µm (108–109, 113–114), 1 mm (110–112)." pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Figs 108– 114</figureCitation>
, the form of the capsule region is well conserved across a variety of species, lacking variation that might provide taxonomically useful characters. Although there appear to be interspecific differences in size and shape of the distal lamina, an example of two individuals of
<taxonomicName id="26DD4D0502028F41FC0CFC56FB2FD6CA" authorityName="Kovarik, Kral, Korinkova &amp; Lerma" authorityYear="2014" box="[1022,1235,935,958]" class="Arachnida" family="Chaerilidae" genus="Chaerilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hofereki">
<emphasis id="D3A9EA9402028F41FC0CFC56FB2FD6CA" box="[1022,1235,935,958]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Chaerilus hofereki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="79E62A0302028F41FB03FC56FA6BD6CA" box="[1265,1431,935,958]" captionStart="Figures 108–114" captionStartId="23.[192,278,1730,1753]" captionTargetBox="[191,1440,191,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-6@23.[192,1439,192,1700]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figures 108–114: Hemispermatophores of Chaerilus species. Figure 108. C.cimrmani. Figure 109. C.majkusi sp. n., male holotype. Figure 110. C.tichyi. Figures 111–112. C.stockmannorum sp. n., male holotype. Figures 113–114. C.hofereki, samples from two different individuals, capsule region and distal lamina (113) and whole hemispermatophore (114, reproduced from Kovařík et al., 2015). Convex views shown in all figures except Fig 112 (anterior view). Left hemispermatophore shown in all figures except for Fig. 108, which is right hemispermatophore shown in mirror image for comparison. Scale bars: 500 µm (108–109, 113–114), 1 mm (110–112)." pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Figs. 113–114</figureCitation>
) shows that there can also be large intraspecific differences. Determination of diagnostic interspecific differences, if they exist, will require statistical analysis of morphometrics and shapes of a much larger sample of hemispermatophores from each species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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