treatments-xml/data/69/03/BC/6903BC00A37AFFD1AC8BE3DD2917F9D4.xml

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<mods:title id="D5F806F94CE5222C4BFFA353E533315A">A review of the tribes of Deltocephalinae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FFA2CF7DBEDA3FFEF2C1178E8CC18F66">Zahniser, James N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="339CF17F4E08CE75CB7F05C48964B99B">Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1816 S. Oak St., Champaign, IL 61820, United States of America &amp; urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: C 44 D 6 E 44 - FA 1 C- 4 B 29 - B 7 BB-FAF 5940 CD 225 &amp; corresponding author e-mail: zahniser @ illinois. edu</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="2364FA70C3619D710E97E6146C19F964">Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1816 S. Oak St., Champaign, IL 61820, United States of America &amp; urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 82 FCB 86 C- 54 B 4 - 456 A-AE 5 E-D 7847 D 271 CB 9</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="A9B05E9DA37AFFD2AC8BE3DD28F7FD7D" box="[651,937,650,676]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="E1150D16A37AFFD2AC8BE3DD28F7FD7D" blockId="52.[651,937,650,711]" box="[651,937,650,676]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<heading id="BA5DBA7AA37AFFD2AC8BE3DD28F7FD7D" box="[651,937,650,676]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A37AFFD2AC8BE3DD285AFD7D" ID-CoL="9DMYQ" ID-ENA="2768475" authority="Distant, 1908" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1908" box="[651,772,650,676]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Chiasmini">Chiasmini</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="853B70E7A37AFFD2AD0BE3DD28F7FD7D" author="Distant W. L." box="[779,937,650,676]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refId="ref85845" refString="Distant W. L. 1908. Rhynchota - Homoptera. In: Bingham C. T. (ed.) The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Volume 4. Taylor and Francis, London." type="book" year="1908">Distant, 1908</bibRefCitation>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="A9B05E9DA37AFFD2ACF0E3FA281DFD1E" box="[752,835,685,711]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="description">
<paragraph id="E1150D16A37AFFD2ACF0E3FA281DFD1E" blockId="52.[651,937,650,711]" box="[752,835,685,711]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<figureCitation id="79911193A37AFFD2ACF0E3FA281DFD1E" box="[752,835,685,711]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="53.[189,232,1966,1992]" captionTargetBox="[200,1383,354,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@53.[189,1398,348,1924]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="Fig. 14. Chiasmini. Chiasmus sp. (see note under Chiasmini on identification of species of Chiasmus). A–I. Standard views (see Material &amp; Methods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3822746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3822746/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A9B05E9DA37AFFD2AEBDE3B8298FFCD0" box="[189,721,750,777]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="E1150D16A37AFFD2AEBDE3B8298FFCD0" blockId="52.[189,721,750,777]" box="[189,721,750,777]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<typeStatus id="3E11B3B4A37AFFD2AEBDE3B82BA9FCD0" box="[189,247,751,777]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Type</typeStatus>
genus: 
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A37AFFD2AF52E3B92993FCD0" authority="Mulsant &amp; Rey, 1855" authorityName="Mulsant &amp; Rey" authorityYear="1855" box="[338,717,750,777]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Chiasmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A37AFFD2AF52E3B92A98FCD1" box="[338,454,750,776]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Chiasmus</emphasis>
Mulsant &amp; Rey, 1855
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="A9B05E9DA37AFFD2AEBDE2672919FC49" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="E1150D16A37AFFD2AEBDE267297AFC93" blockId="52.[189,655,816,913]" box="[189,548,816,842]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C1BA2A38A37AFFD2AEBDE267297AFC93" box="[189,548,816,842]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
= 
<treatmentCitation id="600B2B07A37AFFD2AED5E267297EFC93" box="[213,544,816,842]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A37AFFD2AED5E267297EFC93" ID-CoL="8JK82" authority="Emeljanov, 1962" authorityName="Emeljanov" authorityYear="1962" box="[213,544,816,842]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Doraturini">
Doraturini 
<bibRefCitation id="853B70E7A37AFFD2AF56E267297EFC93" author="Emeljanov A. F." box="[342,544,816,842]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="236 - 240" refId="ref86687" refString="Emeljanov A. F. 1962. New tribes of the leafhopper subfamily Euscelinae (Auchenorrhyncha, Cicadellidae). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 41: 388 - 397. [In Russian with English summary, translation in Entomological Review 41 (2): 236 - 240]" type="journal article" year="1962">Emeljanov, 1962</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E1150D16A37AFFD2AEBDE20429D1FCB4" blockId="52.[189,655,816,913]" box="[189,655,851,877]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C1BA2A38A37AFFD2AEBDE20429D1FCB4" box="[189,655,851,877]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
= 
<treatmentCitation id="600B2B07A37AFFD2AED5E2042941FCB4" box="[213,543,851,877]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A37AFFD2AED5E2042941FCB4" ID-CoL="9DMYJ" authority="Boulard, 1971" authorityName="Boulard" authorityYear="1971" box="[213,543,851,877]" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" rank="tribe">
Listrophorini 
<bibRefCitation id="853B70E7A37AFFD2AF77E2042941FCB4" author="Boulard M." box="[375,543,851,877]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="712 - 717" refId="ref84279" refString="Boulard M. 1971. Une tribu nouvelle pour la faune africaine des Homopteres Cicadellidae. Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire. Serie A. Sciences Naturelles 33 (3): 712 - 717." type="journal article" year="1971">Boulard, 1971</bibRefCitation>
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syn. nov.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E1150D16A37AFFD2AEBDE2202919FC49" blockId="52.[189,655,816,913]" box="[189,583,886,913]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C1BA2A38A37AFFD2AEBDE2202919FC49" box="[189,583,886,913]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
= 
<treatmentCitation id="600B2B07A37AFFD2AED5E221291DFC49" box="[213,579,886,912]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A37AFFD2AED5E221291DFC49" ID-CoL="8JKD5" authority="Linnavuori, 1979" authorityName="Linnavuori" authorityYear="1979" box="[213,579,886,912]" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe">
Paraphrodini 
<bibRefCitation id="853B70E7A37AFFD2AF74E221291DFC49" box="[372,579,886,912]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Linnavuori, 1979</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E1150D16A37AFFD2AEBDE2E02A68FC08" blockId="52.[189,310,951,977]" box="[189,310,951,977]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<heading id="BA5DBA7AA37AFFD2AEBDE2E02A68FC08" bold="true" box="[189,310,951,977]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" reason="3">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A37AFFD2AEBDE2E02A68FC08" bold="true" box="[189,310,951,977]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E1150D16A37AFFD2AEBDE2B129BFFB69" blockId="52.[189,1399,998,1200]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A37AFFD2AEBDE2B12A68FBD9" box="[189,310,998,1024]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Chiasmini">Chiasmini</taxonomicName>
are small to medium sized leafhoppers, usually white, stramineous, green, brown, grey, or black in coloration, and sometimes iridescent. They can be identified by the tapering or parallelsided clypellus, aedeagus hinged at the base (hinge usually but not always present), ovipositor usually extending far beyond the pygofer, first valvula dorsal sculpturing pattern maculose to granulose and usually submarginal, first valvula without distinctly delimited ventroapical sculpturing, and second valvula teeth obliquely triangular and serrated.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="A9B05E9DA37AFFD0AEBDE580299AFCAB" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="description">
<paragraph id="E1150D16A37AFFD2AEBDE5802A10FB28" blockId="52.[189,334,1239,1265]" box="[189,334,1239,1265]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<heading id="BA5DBA7AA37AFFD2AEBDE5802A10FB28" bold="true" box="[189,334,1239,1265]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" reason="3">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A37AFFD2AEBDE5802A10FB28" bold="true" box="[189,334,1239,1265]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E1150D16A37AFFD2AEBDE4502A9FF984" blockId="52.[189,1399,1286,1629]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
HEAD. Head subequal to or wider than pronotum. Discal portion of crown glabrous with radial or longitudinal striae or shagreen. Anterior margin of head shagreen, glabrous, irregularly textured, or foliaceous. Frontoclypeus not tumid; texture shagreen or glabrous. Clypellus parallel-sided or tapering apically; apex following or slightly surpassing normal curve of gena. Lorum wider than, subequal to, or distinctly narrower than clypellus near base. Antennal bases near middle or posteroventral (lower) corners of eyes. Antennae short, less than 1.5 x width of head. Gena obtusely incised or strongly incised (nearly forming right angle) laterally; with or without (
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A37AFFD2AD3BE48E28FEFA2A" authorityName="Singh-Pruthi" authorityYear="1930" box="[827,928,1497,1523]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Baileyus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A37AFFD2AD3BE48E28FEFA2A" box="[827,928,1497,1523]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Baileyus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A37AFFD2ADAEE48D2F50FA2D" authorityName="in Chiasmini" box="[942,1038,1498,1524]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Gurawa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A37AFFD2ADAEE48D2F50FA2D" box="[942,1038,1498,1524]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Gurawa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A37AFFD2AA1CE48E2FF9FA2A" authorityName="Boulard" authorityYear="1971" box="[1052,1191,1497,1523]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Listrophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A37AFFD2AA1CE48E2FF9FA2A" box="[1052,1191,1497,1523]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Listrophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, some 
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A37AFFD2AAF9E48E2E33FA2A" authorityName="Mulsant &amp; Rey" authorityYear="1855" box="[1273,1389,1497,1523]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Chiasmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A37AFFD2AAF9E48E2E33FA2A" box="[1273,1389,1497,1523]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Chiasmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) fine erect seta beside laterofrontal suture.Antennal ledge absent or weakly developed (carinate or weakly carinate). Ocelli absent, reduced, or present; close to or distant from eyes; on anterior margin of head or on crown (
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A37AFFD2AF3CE7142AEEF984" authorityName="Mulsant &amp; Rey" authorityYear="1855" box="[316,432,1603,1629]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Chiasmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A37AFFD2AF3CE7142AEEF984" box="[316,432,1603,1629]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Chiasmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E1150D16A37AFFD2AEBDE7D22E29F946" blockId="52.[189,1399,1668,1695]" box="[189,1399,1668,1695]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">THORAX. Pronotum lateral margin carinate or not carinate; lateral margin shorter than basal width of eye.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E1150D16A37AFFD2AEBDE7912A4EF890" blockId="52.[189,1399,1734,1865]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
WINGS. Forewing brachypterous to macropterous; if macropterous then appendix large and extending around wing apex; with 3 anteapical cells or with 2 anteapical cells; veins not raised or veins distinctly raised or carinate (
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A37AFFD2AFA2E65B2959F8FF" authorityName="Singh-Pruthi" authorityYear="1930" box="[418,519,1804,1830]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Baileyus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A37AFFD2AFA2E65B2959F8FF" box="[418,519,1804,1830]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Baileyus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A37AFFD2AC19E65A2927F8FE" authorityName="in Chiasmini" box="[537,633,1805,1831]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Gurawa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A37AFFD2AC19E65A2927F8FE" box="[537,633,1805,1831]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Gurawa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A37AFFD2AC8BE65B287DF8FF" authorityName="Linnavuori" authorityYear="1979" box="[651,803,1804,1830]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Paraphrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A37AFFD2AC8BE65B287DF8FF" box="[651,803,1804,1830]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Paraphrodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); without reflexed costal veins; A1-A2 crossvein absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E1150D16A37AFFD2AEBDE6262E29F808" blockId="52.[189,1399,1905,2002]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
LEGS. Profemur with 
<collectionCode id="87BB95D3A37AFFD2AFB5E6262AB7F852" box="[437,489,1905,1931]" country="Australia" name="Australian Museum" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="Museum">AM</collectionCode>
1 seta only or rarely with an additional proximal seta (
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A37AFFD2AA61E6252E2CF852" authority="Lindberg" authorityName="Lindberg" authorityYear="1935" box="[1121,1394,1905,1931]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Doraturopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A37AFFD2AA61E6252FA2F852" box="[1121,1276,1906,1931]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Doraturopsis</emphasis>
Lindberg
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A37AFFD2AEBDE6C32ABCF876" authority="Zahniser" authorityName="Zahniser" authorityYear="2010" box="[189,482,1940,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Protochiasmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A37AFFD2AEBDE6C32A32F877" box="[189,364,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Protochiasmus</emphasis>
Zahniser
</taxonomicName>
); intercalary row with one row of five or more fine setae or intercalary row reduced or absent; row AV with short, stout setae or with relatively long macrosetae. Protibia dorsal
</paragraph>
<caption id="B5D55D9EA37BFFD3AEBDE6F929B0F835" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3822746" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3822746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3822746/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" startId="53.[189,232,1966,1992]" targetBox="[200,1383,354,1918]" targetPageId="53">
<paragraph id="E1150D16A37BFFD3AEBDE6F929B0F835" blockId="53.[189,1398,1966,2028]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A37BFFD3AEBDE6F92A44F811" bold="true" box="[189,282,1966,1992]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 14.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A37BFFD3AF22E6F92AC1F811" box="[290,415,1966,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Chiasmini">Chiasmini</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A37BFFD3AFAAE6F92940F811" authorityName="Mulsant &amp; Rey" authorityYear="1855" box="[426,542,1966,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Chiasmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A37BFFD3AFAAE6F92940F811" box="[426,542,1966,1992]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Chiasmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (see note under 
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A37BFFD3AD0BE6F928DAF811" box="[779,900,1966,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Chiasmini">Chiasmini</taxonomicName>
on identification of species of 
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A37BFFD3AAF2E6F92E38F811" authorityName="Mulsant &amp; Rey" authorityYear="1855" box="[1266,1382,1966,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Chiasmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A37BFFD3AAF2E6F92E38F811" box="[1266,1382,1966,1992]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Chiasmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). 
<emphasis id="D3DED104A37BFFD3AEBDE6862BB2F832" bold="true" box="[189,236,2001,2027]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">A–I</emphasis>
. Standard views (see Material &amp; Methods).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="E1150D16A378FFD0AEBDE05C28ADFE91" blockId="54.[189,1398,267,329]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">surface rounded, convex. Metafemur apex macrosetae 2+1, 2+2, 2+1+1, or 2+2+1. Metatarsomere I not expanded apically or expanded apically; plantar setae simple, tapered.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E1150D16A378FFD0AEBDE0272FD6FD59" blockId="54.[189,1399,368,641]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<collectionCode id="87BB95D3A378FFD0AEBDE0272BA1FE51" box="[189,255,368,394]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">MALE</collectionCode>
GENITALIA. Valve articulated with pygofer; lateral margin short, articulating with pygofer at a point. Pygofer basolateral membranous cleft present or absent, not membranous; macrosetae absent, reduced (≤ two rows) or well differentiated into several rows. Subgenital plates free from each other; articulated with valve; macrosetae absent or present, scattered, irregularly arranged, or uniseriate laterally. Style broadly bilobed basally, median anterior lobe pronounced. Basal processes of the aedeagus/connective absent or reduced. Aedeagus often with or sometimes without (
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A378FFD0ADA1E3772F58FDE3" authorityName="Singh-Pruthi" authorityYear="1930" box="[929,1030,544,570]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Baileyus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A378FFD0ADA1E3772F58FDE3" box="[929,1030,544,570]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Baileyus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A378FFD0AA15E3772F06FDE3" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1918" box="[1045,1112,544,570]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Leofa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A378FFD0AA15E3772F06FDE3" box="[1045,1112,544,570]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Leofa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A378FFD0AA66E3772F98FDE3" authorityName="in Chiasmini" box="[1126,1222,544,570]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Gurawa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A378FFD0AA66E3772F98FDE3" box="[1126,1222,544,570]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Gurawa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A378FFD0AAD5E3772E33FDE3" authorityName="Linnavuori" authorityYear="1979" box="[1237,1389,544,570]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Paraphrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A378FFD0AAD5E3772E33FDE3" box="[1237,1389,544,570]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Paraphrodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) basal hinge; with a single shaft and gonopore. Connective anterior arms somewhat divergent, 
<emphasis id="D3DED104A378FFD0AB34E3142E17FD84" bold="true" box="[1332,1353,579,605]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Y</emphasis>
- or 
<emphasis id="D3DED104A378FFD0AEBDE3302B8CFD58" bold="true" box="[189,210,615,641]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">U</emphasis>
-shaped, or anterior arms closely appressed anteriorly; articulated with aedeagus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E1150D16A378FFD0AEBDE3FF299AFCAB" blockId="54.[189,1399,680,882]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
FEMALE GENITALIA. Pygofer with macrosetae reduced or absent or with numerous macrosetae. Ovipositor usually protruding far beyond pygofer apex (not protruding in 
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A378FFD0ADFBE39C2F3EFD3C" authorityName="Singh-Pruthi" authorityYear="1930" box="[1019,1120,715,741]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Baileyus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A378FFD0ADFBE39C2F3EFD3C" box="[1019,1120,715,741]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Baileyus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A378FFD0AA7AE39C2F84FD3C" authorityName="in Chiasmini" box="[1146,1242,715,741]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Gurawa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A378FFD0AA7AE39C2F84FD3C" box="[1146,1242,715,741]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Gurawa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A378FFD0AAF3E39C2E31FD3C" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1918" box="[1267,1391,715,741]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Omaranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A378FFD0AAF3E39C2E31FD3C" box="[1267,1391,715,741]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Omaranus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A378FFD0AEBDE3B92A0BFCD1" authorityName="Linnavuori" authorityYear="1979" box="[189,341,750,776]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Paraphrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A378FFD0AEBDE3B92A0BFCD1" box="[189,341,750,776]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Paraphrodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). First valvula not strongly convex; dorsal sculpturing pattern granulose or maculose; sculpturing submarginal; without distinctly delimited ventroapical sculpturing. Second valvula abruptly broadened medially or subapically; without dorsal median tooth; dorsal teeth present on apical 1/3 or more; teeth obtusely triangular and serrated.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A9B05E9DA378FFD0AEBDE2CE288DFB92" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="E1150D16A378FFD0AEBDE2CE2ABAFC6A" blockId="54.[189,484,921,947]" box="[189,484,921,947]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<heading id="BA5DBA7AA378FFD0AEBDE2CE2ABAFC6A" bold="true" box="[189,484,921,947]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" reason="3">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A378FFD0AEBDE2CE2ABAFC6A" bold="true" box="[189,484,921,947]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Geography and ecology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E1150D16A378FFD0AEBDE29F288DFB92" blockId="54.[189,1399,968,1100]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
Distribution: cosmopolitan. Nearly all species are grass or sedge feeders, and they are typical members of the grassland faunas of the world. 
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A378FFD0AC7EE2BB29B8FBDC" authorityName="Osborn &amp; Ball" authorityYear="1898" box="[638,742,1004,1029]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Driotura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A378FFD0AC7EE2BB29B8FBDC" box="[638,742,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Driotura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. have been collected from 
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A378FFD0AA5EE2BC2FBDFBDC" authorityName="A.M.C.Dumeril" authorityYear="1805" box="[1118,1251,1003,1029]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A378FFD0AAEFE2BC2AB6FBF1" authority="(Distant, 1908)" baseAuthorityName="Distant" baseAuthorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nephotettix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virescens">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A378FFD0AAEFE2BC2A77FBF1" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Nephotettix virescens</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="853B70E7A378FFD0AF3CE5592ABEFBF1" author="Distant W. L." box="[316,480,1038,1064]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref85845" refString="Distant W. L. 1908. Rhynchota - Homoptera. In: Bingham C. T. (ed.) The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Volume 4. Taylor and Francis, London." type="book" year="1908">Distant, 1908</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and some other 
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A378FFD0ACB8E5592861FBF1" authorityName="Matsumura" authorityYear="1902" box="[696,831,1038,1064]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nephotettix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A378FFD0ACB8E5592861FBF1" box="[696,831,1038,1064]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Nephotettix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. are agricultural pests and transmit tungro virus of rice in southeast Asia, and can cause severe economic loss.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A9B05E9DA378FFD1AEBDE5242917F9D4" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="E1150D16A378FFD0AEBDE5242A71FB54" blockId="54.[189,303,1139,1165]" box="[189,303,1139,1165]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<heading id="BA5DBA7AA378FFD0AEBDE5242A71FB54" bold="true" box="[189,303,1139,1165]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" reason="3">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A378FFD0AEBDE5242A71FB54" bold="true" box="[189,303,1139,1165]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E1150D16A378FFD0AEBDE5F62AD2FA0C" blockId="54.[189,1399,1185,1494]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A378FFD0AEBDE5F62A68FB62" box="[189,310,1185,1211]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Chiasmini">Chiasmini</taxonomicName>
contains 21 genera and 317 species. The tribe appears to be most closely related to Stenometopiini (
<bibRefCitation id="853B70E7A378FFD0AF81E5932960FB06" author="Zahniser J. N." box="[385,574,1220,1247]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref91838" refString="Zahniser J. N. 2008 a. Seven new species and new distributions of Old World Chiasmini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae), with a redescription, key to genera, and species checklist for the tribe. Zootaxa 1808: 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="2008">Zahniser 2008a</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="853B70E7A378FFD0AC4CE59328DEFB06" author="Zahniser J. N. &amp; Dietrich C. H." box="[588,896,1220,1247]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="489 - 511" refId="ref92093" refString="Zahniser J. N. &amp; Dietrich C. H. 2010. Phylogeny of the leafhopper subfamily Deltocephalinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) based on molecular and morphological data with a revised family-group classification. Systematic Entomology 35 (3): 489 - 511. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2010.00522. x" type="journal article" year="2010">Zahniser &amp; Dietrich 2010</bibRefCitation>
) with which it shares some similarities of the ovipositor and male pygofer. Phylogenetic analyses sometimes resolve it as sister to Stenometopiini, and also suggest that the two tribes are related to Eupelicini, Drakensbergenini, and 
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A378FFD0AACCE45B2E42FAFC" authorityName="Dlabola" authorityYear="1977" box="[1228,1308,1292,1317]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Evinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A378FFD0AACCE45B2E42FAFC" box="[1228,1308,1292,1317]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Evinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In the phylogenetic analyses here, the tribe was resolved as monophyletic in ML and Bayesian analyses, but in parsimony analyses it was monophyletic with the exception of 
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A378FFD0ADC7E4062F28FAB2" authorityName="Zahniser" authorityYear="2010" box="[967,1142,1361,1387]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Protochiasmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A378FFD0ADC7E4062F28FAB2" box="[967,1142,1361,1387]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Protochiasmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which was resolved, sister to 
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A378FFD0AF1EE4222A30FA57" authorityName="Dlabola" authorityYear="1977" box="[286,366,1397,1422]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Evinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A378FFD0AF1EE4222A30FA57" box="[286,366,1397,1422]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Evinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but with little or no branch support. The placement of 
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A378FFD0ADE6E4222FBDFA57" authority="in Chiasmini" authorityName="in Chiasmini" box="[998,1251,1396,1423]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Gurawa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A378FFD0ADE6E4222F18FA56" box="[998,1094,1397,1423]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Gurawa</emphasis>
in Chiasmini
</taxonomicName>
is supported by these analyses and the morphologically similar 
<emphasis id="D3DED104A378FFD0AD1DE4CF28DCFA6B" box="[797,898,1432,1458]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Baielyus</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A378FFD0ADBFE4CF2F09FA6B" authorityName="Linnavuori" authorityYear="1979" box="[959,1111,1432,1458]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Paraphrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A378FFD0ADBFE4CF2F09FA6B" box="[959,1111,1432,1458]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Paraphrodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="853B70E7A378FFD0AA69E4CF2E7BFA6B" author="Zahniser J. N." box="[1129,1317,1432,1458]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref91838" refString="Zahniser J. N. 2008 a. Seven new species and new distributions of Old World Chiasmini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae), with a redescription, key to genera, and species checklist for the tribe. Zootaxa 1808: 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="2008">Zahniser 2008a</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="853B70E7A378FFD0AB33E4CF2E30FA6B" author="Zahniser J. N." box="[1331,1390,1432,1458]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="113 - 118" refId="ref91983" refString="Zahniser J. N. 2011. On Paraphrodes flavigerus (Evans) with a new synonymy of Paraphrodini with Chiasmini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae). African Entomology 19 (1): 113 - 118. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4001 / 003.019.0119" type="journal article" year="2011">2011</bibRefCitation>
) are also included.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E1150D16A378FFD0AEBDE4AA2A60F8E9" blockId="54.[189,1399,1532,1840]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
For the first time, molecular data for 
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A378FFD0AC6EE4AB29A7F9CF" authorityName="Boulard" authorityYear="1971" box="[622,761,1532,1558]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Listrophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A378FFD0AC6EE4AB29A7F9CF" box="[622,761,1532,1558]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Listrophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were included in phylogenetic analyses and the genus was found with very strong branch support to be related to 
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A378FFD0AD72E77728B1F9E3" box="[882,1007,1568,1594]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Chiasmini">Chiasmini</taxonomicName>
. The morphological characters of the male and female genitalia of 
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A378FFD0AC43E7142990F984" authorityName="Boulard" authorityYear="1971" box="[579,718,1603,1629]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Listrophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A378FFD0AC43E7142990F984" box="[579,718,1603,1629]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Listrophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(aedeagus hinged, first valvula dorsal sculpturing pattern granulose and submarginal, second valvula with distinct serrated oblong and triangular teeth) match those of other 
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A378FFD0AF64E7DE2ABEF97A" box="[356,480,1673,1699]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Chiasmini">Chiasmini</taxonomicName>
, despite the bizarre and unique diamond-shaped process of the head, which led 
<bibRefCitation id="853B70E7A378FFD0AEBDE7FB2A2EF91E" author="Boulard M." box="[189,368,1708,1735]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="712 - 717" refId="ref84279" refString="Boulard M. 1971. Une tribu nouvelle pour la faune africaine des Homopteres Cicadellidae. Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire. Serie A. Sciences Naturelles 33 (3): 712 - 717." type="journal article" year="1971">Boulard (1971)</bibRefCitation>
to place it in a separate tribe. In our analyses it was found to be closely related to 
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A378FFD0AB16E7FA2E28F91E" authorityName="in Chiasmini" box="[1302,1398,1709,1735]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Gurawa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A378FFD0AB16E7FA2E28F91E" box="[1302,1398,1709,1735]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Gurawa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
within 
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A378FFD0AF11E7872AD3F933" box="[273,397,1744,1770]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Chiasmini">Chiasmini</taxonomicName>
, with which it shares the raised or carinate veins of the forewing. Listrophorina was previously included as a subtribe of Eupelicini (
<bibRefCitation id="853B70E7A378FFD0ACE5E7A42F4DF8D4" author="Zahniser J. N. &amp; Dietrich C. H." box="[741,1043,1779,1805]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="489 - 511" refId="ref92093" refString="Zahniser J. N. &amp; Dietrich C. H. 2010. Phylogeny of the leafhopper subfamily Deltocephalinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) based on molecular and morphological data with a revised family-group classification. Systematic Entomology 35 (3): 489 - 511. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2010.00522. x" type="journal article" year="2010">Zahniser &amp; Dietrich 2010</bibRefCitation>
) but is synonymized here with 
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A378FFD0AEBDE6412A64F8E9" box="[189,314,1814,1840]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Chiasmini">Chiasmini</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E1150D16A378FFD0AEBDE6002A5DF802" blockId="54.[189,1399,1879,2011]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A378FFD0AEBDE6002A77F8A8" authorityName="Jacobi" authorityYear="1912" box="[189,297,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nephoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A378FFD0AEBDE6002A77F8A8" box="[189,297,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Nephoris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is transferred to the tribe based on the figures published by 
<bibRefCitation id="853B70E7A378FFD0ADD8E6002F25F8AB" author="Jacobi A." box="[984,1147,1879,1906]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="19 - 41" refId="ref87753" refString="Jacobi A. 1912. Homoptera. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutsch-Zentral-Afrika-Expedition. 1907 - 1908. Volume 4: 19 - 41. Klinkhardt &amp; Biermann, Leipzig." type="journal article" year="1912">Jacobi (1912)</bibRefCitation>
. 
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A378FFD0AA85E60F2BA6F84C" authority="Jacobi, 1912" authorityName="Jacobi" authorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nephoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalybaea">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A378FFD0AA85E60F2E41F8A8" box="[1157,1311,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">N. chalybaea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="853B70E7A378FFD0AB24E6002BA6F84C" author="Jacobi A." pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="19 - 41" refId="ref87753" refString="Jacobi A. 1912. Homoptera. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutsch-Zentral-Afrika-Expedition. 1907 - 1908. Volume 4: 19 - 41. Klinkhardt &amp; Biermann, Leipzig." type="journal article" year="1912">Jacobi, 1912</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
appears similar to 
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A378FFD0AFD8E62C280DF84C" authority="Zahniser, 2008" authorityName="Zahniser" authorityYear="2008" box="[472,851,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Leofa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thompsoni">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A378FFD0AFD8E62C29C2F84C" box="[472,668,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Leofa thompsoni</emphasis>
Zahniser, 2008
</taxonomicName>
which was also described from central Africa. Attempts to locate the 
<typeStatus id="3E11B3B4A378FFD0AFC3E6C92AA8F861" box="[451,502,1950,1976]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">type</typeStatus>
were unsuccessful, but for now it is considered a valid genus pending further study.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E1150D16A379FFD1AEBDE05C2AF5FEFC" blockId="55.[189,427,267,293]" box="[189,427,267,293]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<heading id="BA5DBA7AA379FFD1AEBDE05C2AF5FEFC" bold="true" box="[189,427,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" reason="3">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A379FFD1AEBDE05C2AF5FEFC" bold="true" box="[189,427,267,293]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Selected references</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E1150D16A379FFD1AEBDE06E29CCFE43" blockId="55.[189,1398,313,410]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<bibRefCitation id="853B70E7A379FFD1AEBDE06E2A28FE8D" author="Vilbaste J." box="[189,374,313,340]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="3 - 12" refId="ref90594" refString="Vilbaste J. 1965. On the genus Aconura Leth. (Homoptera, Iassidae). Notulae Entomologicae 45: 3 - 12." type="journal article" year="1965">Vilbaste (1965)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="853B70E7A379FFD1AF82E06D294AFE8D" author="Ross H. H." box="[386,532,313,340]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref89960" refString="Ross H. H. 1968. The evolution and dispersal of the grassland leafhopper genus Exitianus, with keys to the Old World species (Cicadellidae: Hemiptera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History): Entomology 22: 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="1968">Ross (1968)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="853B70E7A379FFD1AC21E06E298FFE8D" author="Boulard M." box="[545,721,313,340]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="712 - 717" refId="ref84279" refString="Boulard M. 1971. Une tribu nouvelle pour la faune africaine des Homopteres Cicadellidae. Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire. Serie A. Sciences Naturelles 33 (3): 712 - 717." type="journal article" year="1971">Boulard (1971)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="853B70E7A379FFD1ACD6E06E28CCFE8D" author="Blocker H. D." box="[726,914,313,340]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="77 - 87" refId="ref83926" refString="Blocker H. D. 1983. Classification and proposed phylogeny of the Neotropical leafhopper genus Icaia Linnavuori. Entomography 2: 77 - 87." type="journal article" year="1983">Blocker (1983)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="853B70E7A379FFD1AD9FE06E2F81FE8D" author="Blocker H. D. &amp; Johnson J. W." box="[927,1247,313,340]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="18 - 42" refId="ref84044" refString="Blocker H. D. &amp; Johnson J. W. 1988 a. Classification of the subgenus Athysanella, genus Athysanella Baker (Homoptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae). Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs 12: 18 - 42." type="journal article" year="1988">Blocker &amp; Johnson (1988a</bibRefCitation>
, b, 1990a, b, c), 
<bibRefCitation id="853B70E7A379FFD1AEE4E00A2AE3FEAE" author="Emeljanov A. F." box="[228,445,349,375]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="547 - 562" refId="ref86854" refString="Emeljanov A. F. 1999. A key to genera of the subfamily Deltocephalinae s. l. (Homoptera, Cicadellidae) from Kazakhstan, Middle Asia, and Mongolia, with description of new genera and subgenera. Entomological Review 79: 547 - 562." type="journal article" year="1999">Emeljanov (1999)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="853B70E7A379FFD1AFCAE00A29D0FEAE" author="Dmitriev D. A." box="[458,654,349,375]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="665 - 695" refId="ref86053" refString="Dmitriev D. A. 2003. Larvae of the leafhopper subfamily Deltocephalinae (Homoptera, Cicadellidae) from European part of Russia and adjacent territories. II. Tribes Grypotini, Selenocephalini, Goniagnathini, Fieberiellini, Tetartostylini, Macrostelini, and Doraturini. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 82 (3): 650 - 686. [In Russian, translated into English in Entomological Review 83 (6): 665 - 695]" type="journal article" year="2003">Dmitriev (2003)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="853B70E7A379FFD1AC9BE00A2897FEAE" author="Zahniser J. N. &amp; Hicks A." box="[667,969,349,375]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="27 - 39" refId="ref92158" refString="Zahniser J. N. &amp; Hicks A. 2007. Three new species of Icaia Linnavuori (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) from Peru and distinction of the genus from Athysanella Baker. Zootaxa 1390: 27 - 39." type="journal article" year="2007">Zahniser &amp; Hicks (2007)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="853B70E7A379FFD1ADD6E00A2FC7FEAE" author="Zahniser J. N." box="[982,1177,349,375]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref91838" refString="Zahniser J. N. 2008 a. Seven new species and new distributions of Old World Chiasmini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae), with a redescription, key to genera, and species checklist for the tribe. Zootaxa 1808: 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="2008">Zahniser (2008a</bibRefCitation>
, b, 2011), 
<bibRefCitation id="853B70E7A379FFD1AB19E00A2A6DFE43" author="Duan Y. &amp; Zhang Y. &amp; Webb M. D." pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="35 - 43" refId="ref86412" refString="Duan Y., Zhang Y. &amp; Webb M. D. 2009. Review of the grassland leafhopper subgenus Leofa (Prasutagus) Distant (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Chiasmini). Zootaxa 1932: 35 - 43." type="journal article" year="2009">
Duan 
<emphasis id="D3DED104A379FFD1AB61E00A2B85FE43" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
(2009)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="853B70E7A379FFD1AF3FE0D72915FE43" author="Duan Y. &amp; Zhang Y." box="[319,587,384,410]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="54 - 62" refId="ref86455" refString="Duan Y. &amp; Zhang Y. 2012 a. New records of the grassland leafhopper genus Doratura Sahlberg (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Chiasmini) from China. Zootaxa 3175: 54 - 62." type="journal article" year="2012">Duan &amp; Zhang (2012a</bibRefCitation>
, b, c).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E1150D16A379FFD1AEBDE0962975FE02" blockId="55.[189,555,449,475]" box="[189,555,449,475]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<heading id="BA5DBA7AA379FFD1AEBDE0962975FE02" bold="true" box="[189,555,449,475]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" reason="3">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A379FFD1AEBDE0962975FE02" bold="true" box="[189,555,449,475]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
Notes on illustration (
<figureCitation id="79911193A379FFD1AFCBE096297CFE02" box="[459,546,449,475]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="53.[189,232,1966,1992]" captionTargetBox="[200,1383,354,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@53.[189,1398,348,1924]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="Fig. 14. Chiasmini. Chiasmus sp. (see note under Chiasmini on identification of species of Chiasmus). A–I. Standard views (see Material &amp; Methods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3822746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3822746/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E1150D16A379FFD1AEBDE0A72F25FD04" blockId="55.[189,1399,496,734]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
The specimens figured are identified as 
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A379FFD1AC8AE0A729A0FDD3" authorityName="Mulsant &amp; Rey" authorityYear="1855" box="[650,766,496,522]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Chiasmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A379FFD1AC8AE0A729A0FDD3" box="[650,766,496,522]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Chiasmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. from W. 
<collectingRegion id="236EC3F4A379FFD1AD93E0A72F1FFDD3" box="[915,1089,496,522]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Cape Province</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="99BD4D86A379FFD1AA4CE0A72FBAFDD3" box="[1100,1252,496,522]" name="South Africa" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">South Africa</collectingCountry>
. The species identity of 
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A379FFD1AF3EE3442AECFDF4" authorityName="Mulsant &amp; Rey" authorityYear="1855" box="[318,434,531,557]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Chiasmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A379FFD1AF3EE3442AECFDF4" box="[318,434,531,557]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Chiasmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens is difficult to determine given the variability in some described species and because of the relatively uniform male genitalia among species. 
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A379FFD1ADF8E3602E07FD88" authority="(Kirkaldy, 1906)" baseAuthorityName="Kirkaldy" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[1016,1369,566,593]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Chiasmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varicolor">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A379FFD1ADF8E3602FD4FD89" box="[1016,1162,566,593]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. varicolor</emphasis>
(Kirkaldy, 1906)
</taxonomicName>
is known from 
<collectingCountry id="99BD4D86A379FFD1AF56E30E2A9CFDAA" box="[342,450,601,627]" name="Australia" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Australia</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="99BD4D86A379FFD1AFFDE30E29C8FDAA" box="[509,662,601,627]" name="South Africa" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, 
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A379FFD1ACA3E30D28BCFDAD" authority="Theron, 1982" authorityName="Theron" authorityYear="1982" box="[675,994,601,628]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Chiasmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A379FFD1ACA3E30D2865FDAA" box="[675,827,601,628]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. undulatus</emphasis>
Theron, 1982
</taxonomicName>
is also known from 
<collectingCountry id="99BD4D86A379FFD1AAD9E30E2E2CFDAA" box="[1241,1394,601,627]" name="South Africa" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A379FFD1AEF0E32A2960FD4E" authority="(Melichar, 1908)" baseAuthorityName="Melichar" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[240,574,637,663]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Chiasmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="katonae">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A379FFD1AEF0E32A2A2EFD4E" box="[240,368,637,663]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. katonae</emphasis>
(Melichar, 1908)
</taxonomicName>
is known from 
<collectingCountry id="99BD4D86A379FFD1ACFBE32A2836FD4E" box="[763,872,637,663]" name="Tanzania" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
. The species figured is similar to 
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A379FFD1AAF6E32A2E29FD4E" baseAuthorityName="Melichar" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[1270,1399,637,663]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Chiasmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="katonae">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A379FFD1AAF6E32A2E29FD4E" box="[1270,1399,637,663]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. katonae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but differs in size, surface shape of the crown, and coloration. The genus should be revised and species concepts reevaluated to improve the taxonomy and allow for easier identification.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E1150D16A379FFD1AEBDE2522AD6FCC6" blockId="55.[189,392,773,799]" box="[189,392,773,799]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<heading id="BA5DBA7AA379FFD1AEBDE2522AD6FCC6" bold="true" box="[189,392,773,799]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" reason="3">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A379FFD1AEBDE2522AD6FCC6" bold="true" box="[189,392,773,799]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Included genera</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E1150D16A379FFD1AEBDE2642A80FC94" blockId="55.[189,1256,819,1550]" box="[189,478,819,845]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A379FFD1AEBDE2642A80FC94" authority="Lethierry, 1876" authorityName="Lethierry" authorityYear="1876" box="[189,478,819,845]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Aconura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A379FFD1AEBDE2642A7CFC94" box="[189,290,819,845]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Aconura</emphasis>
Lethierry, 1876
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E1150D16A379FFD1AEBDE2012A80FCA9" blockId="55.[189,1256,819,1550]" box="[189,478,854,880]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A379FFD1AEBDE2012A80FCA9" authority="Ribaut, 1948" authorityName="Ribaut" authorityYear="1948" box="[189,478,854,880]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Aconurella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A379FFD1AEBDE2012A60FCA9" box="[189,318,854,880]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Aconurella</emphasis>
Ribaut, 1948
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E1150D16A379FFD1AEBDE22E2A83FC4D" blockId="55.[189,1256,819,1550]" box="[189,477,889,916]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A379FFD1AEBDE22E2A83FC4D" authority="Baker, 1898" authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1898" box="[189,477,889,916]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Athysanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A379FFD1AEBDE22E2A16FC4A" box="[189,328,889,915]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Athysanella</emphasis>
Baker, 1898
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E1150D16A379FFD1AEBDE2CA2957FC6E" blockId="55.[189,1256,819,1550]" box="[189,521,924,951]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A379FFD1AEBDE2CA2957FC6E" authority="Singh-Pruthi, 1930" authorityName="Singh-Pruthi" authorityYear="1930" box="[189,521,924,951]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Baileyus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A379FFD1AEBDE2CA2A7CFC6E" box="[189,290,925,951]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Baileyus</emphasis>
Singh-Pruthi, 1930
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E1150D16A379FFD1AEBDE297296BFC02" blockId="55.[189,1256,819,1550]" box="[189,565,960,987]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A379FFD1AEBDE297296BFC02" authority="Mulsant &amp; Rey, 1855" authorityName="Mulsant &amp; Rey" authorityYear="1855" box="[189,565,960,987]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Chiasmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A379FFD1AEBDE2972A6FFC03" box="[189,305,960,986]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Chiasmus</emphasis>
Mulsant &amp; Rey, 1855
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E1150D16A379FFD1AEBDE2B32ABBFC24" blockId="55.[189,1256,819,1550]" box="[189,485,995,1021]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A379FFD1AEBDE2B32ABBFC24" authority="Sahlberg, 1871" authorityName="Sahlberg" authorityYear="1871" box="[189,485,995,1021]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Doratura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A379FFD1AEBDE2B32A72FC24" box="[189,300,996,1021]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Doratura</emphasis>
Sahlberg, 1871
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E1150D16A379FFD1AEBDE550294AFBF8" blockId="55.[189,1256,819,1550]" box="[189,532,1030,1057]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A379FFD1AEBDE550294AFBF8" authority="Lindberg, 1935" authorityName="Lindberg" authorityYear="1935" box="[189,532,1030,1057]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Doraturopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A379FFD1AEBDE5502A06FBF9" box="[189,344,1031,1056]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Doraturopsis</emphasis>
Lindberg, 1935
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E1150D16A379FFD1AEBDE57D297DFB9D" blockId="55.[189,1256,819,1550]" box="[189,547,1065,1092]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A379FFD1AEBDE57D297DFB9D" authority="Osborn &amp; Ball, 1898" authorityName="Osborn &amp; Ball" authorityYear="1898" box="[189,547,1065,1092]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Driotura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A379FFD1AEBDE57D2A7BFB9A" box="[189,293,1066,1091]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Driotura</emphasis>
Osborn &amp; Ball, 1898
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E1150D16A379FFD1AEBDE51A2AF0FBBE" blockId="55.[189,1256,819,1550]" box="[189,430,1100,1127]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A379FFD1AEBDE51A2AF0FBBE" authority="Ball, 1929" authorityName="Ball" authorityYear="1929" box="[189,430,1100,1127]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Exitianus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A379FFD1AEBDE51A2A72FBBF" box="[189,300,1101,1126]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Exitianus</emphasis>
Ball, 1929
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E1150D16A379FFD1AEBDE5272A9DFB53" blockId="55.[189,1256,819,1550]" box="[189,451,1136,1162]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A379FFD1AEBDE5272A9DFB53" authority="Distant, 1908" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1908" box="[189,451,1136,1162]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Gurawa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A379FFD1AEBDE5272A43FB53" box="[189,285,1136,1162]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Gurawa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="853B70E7A379FFD1AF24E5272A9DFB53" author="Distant W. L." box="[292,451,1136,1162]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref85845" refString="Distant W. L. 1908. Rhynchota - Homoptera. In: Bingham C. T. (ed.) The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Volume 4. Taylor and Francis, London." type="book" year="1908">Distant, 1908</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E1150D16A379FFD1AEBDE5C32A93FB74" blockId="55.[189,1256,819,1550]" box="[189,461,1171,1197]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A379FFD1AEBDE5C32A93FB74" authority="Linnavuori, 1973" authorityName="Linnavuori" authorityYear="1973" box="[189,461,1171,1197]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Icaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A379FFD1AEBDE5C32BA7FB74" box="[189,249,1172,1197]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Icaia</emphasis>
Linnavuori, 1973
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E1150D16A379FFD1AEBDE5E12AF8FB09" blockId="55.[189,1256,819,1550]" box="[189,422,1206,1232]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A379FFD1AEBDE5E12AF8FB09" authority="Distant, 1918" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1918" box="[189,422,1206,1232]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Leofa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A379FFD1AEBDE5E12A5EFB09" box="[189,256,1206,1232]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Leofa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="853B70E7A379FFD1AF07E5E12AF8FB09" author="Distant W. L." box="[263,422,1206,1232]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref85887" refString="Distant W. L. 1918. Rhynchota. Homoptera: Appendix. Heteroptera: Addenda. In: Shipley A. E. &amp; Marshall G. A. K. (eds) The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Volume 7. Taylor and Francis, London." type="book" year="1918">Distant, 1918</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E1150D16A379FFD1AEBDE58E2FB6FB2D" blockId="55.[189,1256,819,1550]" box="[189,1256,1241,1268]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A379FFD1AEBDE58E2AA6FB2D" authority="Boulard, 1971" authorityName="Boulard" authorityYear="1971" box="[189,504,1241,1268]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Listrophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A379FFD1AEBDE58E2A16FB2A" box="[189,328,1241,1267]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Listrophora</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="853B70E7A379FFD1AF4FE58E2AA6FB2D" author="Boulard M." box="[335,504,1241,1268]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="712 - 717" refId="ref84279" refString="Boulard M. 1971. Une tribu nouvelle pour la faune africaine des Homopteres Cicadellidae. Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire. Serie A. Sciences Naturelles 33 (3): 712 - 717." type="journal article" year="1971">Boulard, 1971</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
placement nov. (previously placed in Eupelicini: Listrophorina)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E1150D16A379FFD1AEBDE5AA2880FACE" blockId="55.[189,1256,819,1550]" box="[189,990,1276,1303]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A379FFD1AEBDE5AA2A9BFACE" authority="Jacobi, 1912" authorityName="Jacobi" authorityYear="1912" box="[189,453,1276,1303]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nephoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A379FFD1AEBDE5AA2A77FACE" box="[189,297,1277,1303]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Nephoris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="853B70E7A379FFD1AF30E5AB2A9BFACE" author="Jacobi A." box="[304,453,1276,1303]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="19 - 41" refId="ref87753" refString="Jacobi A. 1912. Homoptera. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutsch-Zentral-Afrika-Expedition. 1907 - 1908. Volume 4: 19 - 41. Klinkhardt &amp; Biermann, Leipzig." type="journal article" year="1912">Jacobi, 1912</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
placement nov. (transferred from 
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A379FFD1AD53E5AB2888FACE" authorityName="Van Duzee" authorityYear="1892" box="[851,982,1276,1303]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Athysanini">Athysanini</taxonomicName>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E1150D16A379FFD1AEBDE4772945FAE3" blockId="55.[189,1256,819,1550]" box="[189,539,1312,1338]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A379FFD1AEBDE4772945FAE3" authority="Matsumura, 1902" authorityName="Matsumura" authorityYear="1902" box="[189,539,1312,1338]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nephotettix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A379FFD1AEBDE4772A1AFAE3" box="[189,324,1312,1338]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Nephotettix</emphasis>
Matsumura, 1902
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E1150D16A379FFD1AEBDE4142A81FA84" blockId="55.[189,1256,819,1550]" box="[189,479,1347,1373]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A379FFD1AEBDE4142A81FA84" authority="Distant, 1918" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1918" box="[189,479,1347,1373]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Omaranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A379FFD1AEBDE4142A67FA84" box="[189,313,1347,1373]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Omaranus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="853B70E7A379FFD1AF40E4142A81FA84" author="Distant W. L." box="[320,479,1347,1373]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref85887" refString="Distant W. L. 1918. Rhynchota. Homoptera: Appendix. Heteroptera: Addenda. In: Shipley A. E. &amp; Marshall G. A. K. (eds) The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Volume 7. Taylor and Francis, London." type="book" year="1918">Distant, 1918</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E1150D16A379FFD1AEBDE4312976FA59" blockId="55.[189,1256,819,1550]" box="[189,552,1382,1408]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A379FFD1AEBDE4312976FA59" authority="Linnavuori, 1979" authorityName="Linnavuori" authorityYear="1979" box="[189,552,1382,1408]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Paraphrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A379FFD1AEBDE4312A0BFA59" box="[189,341,1382,1408]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Paraphrodes</emphasis>
Linnavuori, 1979
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E1150D16A379FFD1AEBDE4DE29F7FA7A" blockId="55.[189,1256,819,1550]" box="[189,681,1417,1444]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A379FFD1AEBDE4DE29F7FA7A" authority="Linnavuori &amp; DeLong, 1976" authorityName="Linnavuori &amp; DeLong" authorityYear="1976" box="[189,681,1417,1444]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Picchusteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A379FFD1AEBDE4DE2A0EFA7A" box="[189,336,1417,1443]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Picchusteles</emphasis>
Linnavuori &amp; DeLong, 1976
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E1150D16A379FFD1AEBDE4FA297CFA1E" blockId="55.[189,1256,819,1550]" box="[189,546,1452,1479]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A379FFD1AEBDE4FA297CFA1E" authority="Zahniser, 2010" authorityName="Zahniser" authorityYear="2010" box="[189,546,1452,1479]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Protochiasmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A379FFD1AEBDE4FA2A32FA1E" box="[189,364,1453,1479]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Protochiasmus</emphasis>
Zahniser, 2010
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E1150D16A379FFD1AEBDE4872AA2FA33" blockId="55.[189,1256,819,1550]" box="[189,508,1488,1514]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A379FFD1AEBDE4872AA2FA33" authority="Evans, 1977" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1977" box="[189,508,1488,1514]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Stenogiffardia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A379FFD1AEBDE4872A3AFA33" box="[189,356,1488,1514]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Stenogiffardia</emphasis>
Evans, 1977
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E1150D16A379FFD1AEBDE4A42917F9D4" blockId="55.[189,1256,819,1550]" box="[189,585,1523,1550]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A379FFD1AEBDE4A42917F9D4" authority="Duan &amp; Zhang, 2012" authorityName="Duan &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2012" box="[189,585,1523,1550]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Zahniserius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3DED104A379FFD1AEBDE4A42A16F9D4" box="[189,328,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Zahniserius</emphasis>
Duan &amp; Zhang, 2012
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>