463 lines
53 KiB
XML
463 lines
53 KiB
XML
<document id="29FEDA9C1AC5336C6BC027B329DB902D" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.194645" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fe9a371a-8635-40f8-bf0e-ad0b32642430" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="194645" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460215672952" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Chakrabarty, Prosanta, Chu, Jeanette, Nahar, Luthfun & Sparks, John S." docDate="2010" docId="03F287A3FFE3FFB9BBF349FA397DFEE1" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02427p024.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2427" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Equulites absconditus Chakrabarty and Sparks, new sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="21" masterDocId="FFCBFFDBFFE0FFBEBB644C203A34FFC3" masterDocTitle="Geometric morphometrics uncovers a new species of ponyfish (Teleostei: Leiognathidae: Equulites), with comments on the taxonomic status of Equula berbis Valenciennes" masterLastPageNumber="24" masterPageNumber="15" pageNumber="18" updateTime="1698237027500" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="5A6E92F81838C990834062CE8C06E59E" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="5E823263FC9F30F6C110DD8C9A7DF38C">
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<mods:title id="77269F521815CDEAC8123C2F8E65EB5F">Geometric morphometrics uncovers a new species of ponyfish (Teleostei: Leiognathidae: Equulites), with comments on the taxonomic status of Equula berbis Valenciennes</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="9A11FEA5AF4BD37B7BF272ED742999AA" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="94DC492D311725B3025CD726B526B739">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="B991380555BE71F5B3FFF36CEDB2AC56">Chakrabarty, Prosanta</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="6CFA7F4B46502AB937B5ED0D37E8C612" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9BAA5CE229230B1C3B9248715CD701A5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F12C188A9255A3E7FB4749864A40BBD5">Chu, Jeanette</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="A29878BF361FDC5A7658E2FC75FACF36" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="CF70CAAB093681C44D70232DB657F1C0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="4185C835DA43488A10219A65F253A8D7">Nahar, Luthfun</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="52CE244A1029C7C08C0DBE44FA08BA7C" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="277AD5B4D76E1A71CD8B3E40FC03A709">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="28A118A78B2B553995AE33A91007F8CD">Sparks, John S.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="86FAF6DF968278CB765C34D3CE971E3B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="E87A0EBDC0BC84FB088C646AAB9D3C8E">
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<mods:title id="2AD92DA354593901AF79C7A40653C0DF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="C70711309F85D342E0D968287158E13B">
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<mods:date id="F8744D1808216B74203D15801361689C">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="AC1DECAE3B10D82CA963A3F461146CF3" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="73B0D5DDB4287EC395EE41421B180833">2427</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:start id="DED149FA76C77536FCAA356E33501812">15</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="3DAD1627848272A685895F65DE4E5F6B">24</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="EBB1B4D0726E2857EFD57903EE27732A">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="E4E931EC995FBE412A5A671D8CB00E64" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.194645</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CBA0DC10FF7CF4C30E349F33BFF41DC5" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="434ABD8F97E842B070CC4AEB3D4EB7A3" type="Zenodo-Dep">194645</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F287A3FFE3FFB9BBF349FA397DFEE1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5690701" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119384153" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5690701" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F287A3FFE3FFB9BBF349FA397DFEE1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F287A3FFE3FFB9BBF349FA397DFEE1" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
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<subSubSection id="C341653EFFE3FFBDBBF349FA3865F9D4" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE436B5FFE3FFBDBBF349FA397AFA37" blockId="3.[151,846,1498,1559]" box="[151,846,1498,1524]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
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<heading id="D0AC81D9FFE3FFBDBBF349FA397AFA37" bold="true" box="[151,846,1498,1524]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" reason="1">
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||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE3FFBDBBF349FA397AFA37" bold="true" box="[151,846,1498,1524]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D36FFE3FFBDBBF349FA38D1FA37" ID-CoL="6FYMP" authority="Chakrabarty and Sparks" authorityName="Chakrabarty and Sparks" box="[151,741,1498,1524]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="absconditus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE3FFBDBBF349FA3B95FA37" bold="true" box="[151,417,1498,1524]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Equulites absconditus</emphasis>
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Chakrabarty and Sparks
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21C57DCFFE3FFBDB99549FA397AFA37" box="[753,846,1498,1524]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" rank="species">new sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BE436B5FFE3FFBDBBF349DD3865F9D4" blockId="3.[151,846,1498,1559]" box="[151,593,1533,1559]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<figureCitation id="13602A30FFE3FFBDBBF349DD3B31F9D4" box="[151,261,1533,1559]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,257,1679,1703]" captionTargetBox="[244,1341,722,1654]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[244,1342,722,1655]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Specimens of Group A morphotype (A—Western Indian Ocean) and Group B morphotype (B—Eastern Indian Ocean)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194646/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Figures 2</figureCitation>
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||
(Group A) and 5,
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<tableCitation id="C6D9030EFFE3FFBDBAB949DD3800F9D4" box="[477,564,1533,1559]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,335,359]" captionTargetBox="[151,1250,386,1135]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison of morphometrics for Group A and Group B, means with range in parentheses." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF24663DFFE2FFBCBBF34D6F3ED6FEA4" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" tableUuid="DF24663DFFE2FFBCBBF34D6F3ED6FEA4">Table 1</tableCitation>
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||
,
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||
<tableCitation id="C6D9030EFFE3FFBDB92649DD3865F9D4" box="[578,593,1533,1559]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,239,486,510]" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphometric measurements for the holotype of Equulites absconditus, AMNH 249306. Standard Length 74.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">2</tableCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C341653EFFE3FFBDBBF34A683881F9BD" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436B5FFE3FFBDBBF34A683881F9BD" blockId="3.[151,1436,1607,1662]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4B119BFFE3FFBDBBF34A683881F9BD" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D36FFE3FFBDBBF34A683829F99D" ID-CoL="6P7SV" authority="Shen, 1984a: 57" authorityName="Shen" authorityPageNumber="57" authorityYear="1984" box="[151,541,1607,1631]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Leiognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="berbis">
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<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE3FFBDBBF34A683B51F99C" box="[151,357,1608,1631]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Leiognathus berbis</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10A4FFE3FFBDBA084A673829F99D" author="Shen" box="[364,541,1607,1630]" page="57" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" year="1984">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B44FFE3FFBDBA084A673BC1F99D" author="Shen" box="[364,501,1607,1630]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" refString="Shen, S. - C. (1984 a) Coastal fishes in Taiwan. National Taiwan Museum, Taipei, 190 pp." type="book" year="1984" yearSuffix="a">Shen, 1984a</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 57
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, Fig. 318-9, Pl. 57;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10A4FFE3FFBDB9924A673982F99D" author="Shen" box="[758,950,1607,1630]" page="262" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" year="1984">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B44FFE3FFBDB9924A6739B4F99D" author="Shen" box="[758,896,1607,1630]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" refString="Shen, S. - C. (1984 b) Synopsis of fishes of Taiwan. Southern materials Center, inc. Taipei, Taiwan, 533 pp." type="book" year="1984" yearSuffix="b">Shen, 1984b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 262
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10A4FFE3FFBDB8A64A673EFBF99D" author="Shen" box="[962,1231,1607,1630]" page="135" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" year="1985">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B44FFE3FFBDB8A64A673EAEF99D" author="Shen" box="[962,1178,1607,1630]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" refString="Shen, S. - C. & Lin, W. - W. (1985) Study on the leiognathid fishes of Taiwan. Bulletin of the Institute of Zoology, Academica Sinica, 24, 125 - 138." type="journal article" year="1985">Shen and Lin, 1985</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 135
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, Fig. 11;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10A4FFE3FFBDBE524A673B54F9BD" author="Chen" page="530" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" year="1986">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B44FFE3FFBDBE524A673B1FF9BD" author="Chen" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" refString="Chen, J. T. F. & Yu, M. - J. (1986) A synopsis of the vertebrates of Taiwan. Revised and enlarged edition. The Commercial Press, Taipei. (in Chinese), 548 pp." type="book" year="1986">Chen and Yu, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 530
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10A4FFE3FFBDBA0F4A47382FF9BD" author="Shen" box="[363,539,1639,1662]" page="344" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" year="1993">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B44FFE3FFBDBA0F4A473BD3F9BD" author="Shen" box="[363,487,1639,1662]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" refString="Shen, S. - C. (1993) Leiognathidae. In: Shen S. C. (Ed) Fishes of Taiwan, National Taiwan University, Taipei, pp. 342 - 346." type="book chapter" year="1993">Shen, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 344
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, 705, Pl. 94.5.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C341653EFFE3FFBABBF34A8D3B19FF14" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436B5FFE3FFBDBBF34A8D3F73F92F" blockId="3.[151,1437,1709,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE3FFBDBBF34A8D3B27F904" bold="true" box="[151,275,1709,1735]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E08817FFE3FFBDBBF34A8D3B3AF904" box="[151,270,1709,1735]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
.
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||
</emphasis>
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||
<collectionCode id="ED4AAE70FFE3FFBDBA784A8D3B43F904" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[284,375,1709,1735]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">AMNH</collectionCode>
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249306, 74.0 mm SL, adult male;
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||
<collectingCountry id="F34C7625FFE3FFBDB8444A8D3949F904" box="[800,893,1709,1735]" name="Taiwan" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
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||
: Market at Tonshi:
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6F5072FFE3FFBDBF0C4A8D3F12F904" box="[1128,1318,1709,1735]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" precision="1" value="23.452806">23° 27’ 10.1”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6F5072FFE3FFBDBE574A8D3AD9F92F" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" precision="1" value="120.138695">120° 08’ 19.3”E</geoCoordinate>
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||
: PC-JSS-MKT-06-06: P. Chakrabarty, J.S. Sparks, Joker K.H. Chiu, P. Tai-An,
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||
<date id="FFE51075FFE3FFBDBFE94AF23F77F92F" box="[1165,1347,1746,1772]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" value="2006-03-22">22 March 2006</date>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BE436B5FFE3FFBABA3C4AD83B19FF14" blockId="3.[151,1437,1709,2034]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,152,666]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4AAE70FFE3FFBDBA3C4AD83B86F8D1" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[344,434,1784,1810]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">AMNH</collectionCode>
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||
239270, n=1, male,
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||
<quantity id="4CA39B50FFE3FFBDB9C64AD83939F8D1" box="[674,781,1784,1810]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.52" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="75.2">75.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F34C7625FFE3FFBDB87C4AD83945F8D1" box="[792,881,1784,1810]" name="Taiwan" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Chi Fish market at Tonshi,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6F5072FFE3FFBDBFDD4AD83F6CF8D1" box="[1209,1368,1784,1810]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" precision="15" value="23.452778">23° 27’ 10”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6F5072FFE3FFBDBE004AD83ACFF8F4" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" precision="15" value="120.13861">120° 8’ 19”E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, collected by J.S. Sparks, P. Chakrabarty, Joker H.K. Chiu, P. Tai-An,
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||
<date id="FFE51075FFE3FFBDBF144B3D3F07F8F4" box="[1136,1331,1821,1847]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" value="2006-03-22">22 March 2006</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4AAE70FFE3FFBDBE244B3D3FA9F8F4" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[1344,1437,1821,1847]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">AMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
242666, n=97, mixed sexes,
|
||
<quantity id="4CA39B50FFE3FFBDBA804B6238A4F89F" box="[484,656,1858,1884]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.89" metricValueMax="9.82" metricValueMin="7.959999999999999" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="88.9" valueMax="98.2" valueMin="79.6">79.6–98.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C7625FFE3FFBDB9FF4B6238C0F89F" box="[667,756,1858,1884]" name="Taiwan" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Ko-Zi-Leow fish Market,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6F5072FFE3FFBDBF4B4B623ED1F89F" box="[1071,1253,1858,1884]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" precision="1" value="22.727196">22° 43’ 37.9”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6F5072FFE3FFBDBF944B623A9FF841" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" precision="1" value="120.25508">120° 15’ 18.3” E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, collected by local fishermen, P.Chakrabarty, Y. Ho;
|
||
<date id="FFE51075FFE3FFBDB8714B4839FFF841" box="[789,971,1896,1922]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" value="2007-03-27">27 March 2007</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4AAE70FFE3FFBDB8B34B483E0FF841" box="[983,1083,1896,1922]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ew6z-dwdm" name="Louisiana State University, Musuem of Zoology" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">LSUMZ</collectionCode>
|
||
13236, n=1, female,
|
||
<quantity id="4CA39B50FFE3FFBDBE504B483FA8F841" box="[1332,1436,1896,1922]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.31" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="73.1">73.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C7625FFE3FFBDBBAE4BAD3B12F864" box="[202,294,1933,1959]" name="Taiwan" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Market at Tonshi:
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6F5072FFE3FFBDB9754BAD38F9F864" box="[529,717,1933,1959]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" precision="1" value="23.453056">23° 27’ 11.0”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6F5072FFE3FFBDB9BE4BAD3990F864" box="[730,932,1933,1959]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" precision="1" value="120.138275">120° 08’ 17.8”E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
: TW-08-3: P.C. Chakrabarty, H.C. Ho,
|
||
<date id="FFE51075FFE3FFBDBE1B4BAD3B68F80F" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" value="2008-11-14">14 November 2008</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4AAE70FFE3FFBDBA0E4B923BFBF80F" box="[362,463,1970,1996]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ew6z-dwdm" name="Louisiana State University, Musuem of Zoology" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">LSUMZ</collectionCode>
|
||
13339, n=21, all females,
|
||
<quantity id="4CA39B50FFE3FFBDB8704B9239F6F80F" box="[788,962,1970,1996]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.54" metricValueMax="8.36" metricValueMin="6.72" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="75.4" valueMax="83.6" valueMin="67.2">67.2–83.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C7625FFE3FFBDB8994B923E6DF80F" box="[1021,1113,1970,1996]" name="Taiwan" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Market at Wuchi:
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6F5072FFE3FFBDBE264B923AC0F831" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" precision="1" value="24.294611">24° 17’ 40.6”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6F5072FFE3FFBDBA654BF83BFBF831" box="[257,463,2008,2034]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" precision="1" value="120.521614">120° 31’ 17.8”E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
: TW-08-1: P.C. Chakrabarty, H.C. Ho,
|
||
<date id="FFE51075FFE3FFBDB8D24BF83E93F831" box="[950,1191,2008,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" value="2008-11-12">12 November 2008</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4AAE70FFE3FFBDBFD14BF83F3AF831" box="[1205,1294,2008,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">NTUM</collectionCode>
|
||
5698, n=2; mixed sexes,
|
||
<quantity id="4CA39B50FFE4FFBABA5B4CB83BC5FF71" box="[319,497,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.775" metricValueMax="7.83" metricValueMin="7.72" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="77.75" valueMax="78.3" valueMin="77.2">77.2–78.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C7625FFE4FFBAB94A4CB838BFFF71" box="[558,651,152,178]" name="Taiwan" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Hsin-Da port, Kaohsiung,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6F5072FFE4FFBAB8844CB83E7EFF71" box="[992,1098,152,178]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" precision="555" value="22.87">22.87°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6F5072FFE4FFBABF334CB83EFAFF71" box="[1111,1230,152,178]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" precision="555" value="120.19">120.19°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, no collector,
|
||
<date id="FFE51075FFE4FFBABE1A4CB83B1DFF14" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" value="1979-03-16">16 March 1979</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C341653EFFE4FFBABBA24CC23E6AFD59" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436B5FFE4FFBABBA24CC23E6AFD59" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,666]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE4FFBABBA24CC23B0BFF3F" bold="true" box="[198,319,226,252]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D36FFE4FFBABA374CC2386EFF38" box="[339,602,226,251]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="absconditus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE4FFBABA374CC2386EFF38" box="[339,602,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Equulites absconditus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from all congeners by the combination of an expansive irregular-pentagonal, translucent flank patch in males and by a strong concavity dorsal to the orbit creating a hump-shaped rise in the dorsal profile that lends the head the appearance of being small and pointed. The new species can be further distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D36FFE4FFBAB8174D723E3FFEA8" box="[883,1035,338,363]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE4FFBAB8174D723E3FFEA8" box="[883,1035,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">E. elongatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D36FFE4FFBABF234D723EE2FEA8" box="[1095,1238,338,363]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rivulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE4FFBABF234D723EE2FEA8" box="[1095,1238,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">E. rivulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by possessing a much deeper body (34–49% vs. 12.5–29.7% of SL) and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D36FFE4FFBAB8FA4D583E44FE52" box="[926,1136,376,401]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laterofenestra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE4FFBAB8FA4D583E44FE52" box="[926,1136,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">E. laterofenestra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D36FFE4FFBABFCA4D583F6AFE52" box="[1198,1374,376,401]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="klunzingeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE4FFBABFCA4D583F6AFE52" box="[1198,1374,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">E. klunzingeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by a translucent flank patch in males that does not reach the pectoral fin. The lack of a markedly elongate 2nd dorsal-fin spine distinguishes the new species from the other rhomboid shaped congeners,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D36FFE4FFBABFA84DE63F47FE1C" box="[1228,1395,454,479]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="klunzingeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE4FFBABFA84DE63F47FE1C" box="[1228,1395,454,479]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">E. klunzingeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D36FFE4FFBABEE74DE63B08FDC7" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laterofenestra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE4FFBABEE74DE63B08FDC7" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">E. laterofenestra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D36FFE4FFBABA1B4DCB3839FDC7" box="[383,525,491,516]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leuciscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE4FFBABA1B4DCB3839FDC7" box="[383,525,491,516]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">E. leuciscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The new species can be further distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D36FFE4FFBABFE44DCB3F73FDC7" box="[1152,1351,491,516]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laterofenestra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE4FFBABFE44DCB3F73FDC7" box="[1152,1351,491,516]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">E. laterofenestra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D36FFE4FFBABEE74DCB3B31FDEA" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leuciscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE4FFBABEE74DCB3B31FDEA" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">E. leuciscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by a dorsal flank pigmentation pattern comprising thin transverse lines versus round semi-circles and oval shapes. The translucent flank patch in males of the new species is similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D36FFE4FFBABF8A4E163F49FD8C" box="[1262,1405,566,591]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leuciscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE4FFBABF8A4E163F49FD8C" box="[1262,1405,566,591]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">E. leuciscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in shape and placement (near the midbody and not abutting the pectoral fin), and does not comprise a continuous or broken midlateral stripe as in
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE4FFBAB9704EA03967FD5A" box="[532,851,640,665]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D36FFE4FFBAB9704EA038ACFD5A" box="[532,664,640,665]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antongil">E. antongil</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D36FFE4FFBAB9C04EA03967FD5A" box="[676,851,640,665]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stercorarius">E. stercorarius</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D36FFE4FFBAB8F04EA03E63FD5A" box="[916,1111,640,665]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="moretoniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE4FFBAB8F04EA03E63FD5A" box="[916,1111,640,665]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">E. moretoniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF24663DFFE4FFBABBF34AAF3B1AF904" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194646/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" targetBox="[244,1341,722,1654]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436B5FFE4FFBABBF34AAF3B1AF904" blockId="4.[151,1437,1679,1735]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE4FFBABBF34AAF3B29F964" bold="true" box="[151,285,1679,1703]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimens of Group A morphotype (A—Western Indian Ocean) and Group B morphotype (B—Eastern Indian Ocean)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C341653EFFE4FFBBBBA04AD23B97FA39" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436B5FFE4FFBBBBA04AD23A89FE74" blockId="4.[151,1436,1778,2028]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,152,439]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE4FFBABBA04AD23B61F8CF" bold="true" box="[196,341,1778,1804]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Description</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D36FFE4FFBABA004AD33853F8CF" box="[356,615,1779,1804]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="absconditus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE4FFBABA004AD33853F8CF" box="[356,615,1779,1804]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Equulites absconditus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a medium-sized (typically adults are between 65 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CA39B50FFE4FFBABF9B4AD23F55F8CF" box="[1279,1377,1778,1804]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL), elongate, and rhomboid-shaped ponyfish. The dorsal and ventral profiles are equally convex. The snout is pointed and the head is small (<31% SL and narrow). The lower jaw profile is straight. The mouth protracts strongly ventrally. The dorsal head profile is humped, owing to a rise extending from the region dorsal to the orbit to the dorsal-fin origin. (This humped profile makes the head appear smaller than in congeners.) The lips are thin and not fleshy. The posterior margin of the maxilla is exposed and reaches a vertical through the anterior part of the orbit. The teeth are small and conical, they are numerous, and aligned in several rows. The head is asquamate, whereas the remainder of the body (including the nuchal region) is scaled. In males, an expansive irregular pentagonal, translucent patch (forming more or less the shape of the “home plate” in baseball), is present on the midflank. The base of the pentagon is located slightly ventral and parallel to the body midline and the vertex is located slightly dorsal to the anal-fin origin. Both the second dorsal- and analfin spines are the most elongate, but not markedly longer than the third. There are 10 precaudal and 13 caudal vertebrae (including the ural centrum). There are eight dorsal-fin spines and 16 branched rays. The anal fin has three spines and 14 branched rays. Selected proportional measurements are presented in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6D9030EFFE5FFBBBF824D583F0BFE51" box="[1254,1343,376,402]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,335,359]" captionTargetBox="[151,1250,386,1135]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison of morphometrics for Group A and Group B, means with range in parentheses." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF24663DFFE2FFBCBBF34D6F3ED6FEA4" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" tableUuid="DF24663DFFE2FFBCBBF34D6F3ED6FEA4">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
(Group A).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF24663DFFE5FFBBBBF34DC639F6FDF2" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436B5FFE5FFBBBBF34DC639F6FDF2" blockId="5.[151,1222,486,1244]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE5FFBBBBF34DC63B3CFE3D" bold="true" box="[151,264,486,510]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometric measurements for the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D36FFE5FFBBB87A4DC73E3CFE3D" box="[798,1032,487,510]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="absconditus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE5FFBBB87A4DC73E3CFE3D" box="[798,1032,487,510]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Equulites absconditus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, AMNH 249306. Standard Length 74.0
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436B5FFE5FFBBBBFB4E6539F6FD9F" blockId="5.[151,1222,486,1244]" box="[159,962,581,604]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Head Length (% SL) 30.4</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436B5FFE5FFBBBBFB4E5039F6FD44" blockId="5.[151,1222,486,1244]" box="[159,962,624,647]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Body Depth (% SL) 43.5</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436B5FFE5FFBBBBFB4EBA39F6FD72" blockId="5.[151,1222,486,1244]" box="[159,962,666,689]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Predorsal Length (% SL) 44.1</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436B5FFE5FFBBBBFB4EE539F6FD1F" blockId="5.[151,1222,486,1244]" box="[159,962,709,732]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Preanal Length (% SL) 52.6</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436B5FFE5FFBBBBFB4ED039F6FCC4" blockId="5.[151,1222,486,1244]" box="[159,962,752,775]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Prepelvic Length (% SL) 38.2</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436B5FFE5FFBBBBFB4F3A39F6FCF2" blockId="5.[151,1222,486,1244]" box="[159,962,794,817]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Head Width (% SL) 12.0</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436B5FFE5FFBBBBFB4F653981FC9F" blockId="5.[151,1222,486,1244]" box="[159,949,837,860]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">CP Length (% SL) 7.0</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436B5FFE5FFBBBBFB4F503981FC44" blockId="5.[151,1222,486,1244]" box="[159,949,880,903]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">CP Width (% SL) 2.6</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436B5FFE5FFBBBBFB4FBA3981FC72" blockId="5.[151,1222,486,1244]" box="[159,949,922,945]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">CP Depth (% SL) 5.0</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436B5FFE5FFBBBBFB4FE539F6FC1F" blockId="5.[151,1222,486,1244]" box="[159,962,965,988]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Pectoral Fin Length (% SL) 21.3</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436B5FFE5FFBBBBFB4FD039F6FBC4" blockId="5.[151,1222,486,1244]" box="[159,962,1008,1031]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Pelvic Fin Length (% SL) 12.8</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436B5FFE5FFBBBBFB483A39F6FBF2" blockId="5.[151,1222,486,1244]" box="[159,962,1050,1073]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Snout Length (% HL) 34.8</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436B5FFE5FFBBBBFB486539F6FB9F" blockId="5.[151,1222,486,1244]" box="[159,962,1093,1116]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Orbit Diameter (% HL) 34.1</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436B5FFE5FFBBBBFB485039F6FB44" blockId="5.[151,1222,486,1244]" box="[159,962,1136,1159]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Upper Jaw Length (% HL) 45.0</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436B5FFE5FFBBBBFB48BA39F6FB72" blockId="5.[151,1222,486,1244]" box="[159,962,1178,1201]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Lower Jaw Length (% HL) 54.1</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436B5FFE5FFBBBBFB48E539F6FB1F" blockId="5.[151,1222,486,1244]" box="[159,962,1221,1244]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Interorbital Width (% HL) 35.0</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436B5FFE5FFBBBBA249053B97FA39" blockId="5.[151,1437,1317,2015]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE5FFBBBBA2490538AAFAFC" bold="true" box="[198,670,1317,1343]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Pigmentation pattern and coloration</emphasis>
|
||
. The entire body is silvery, owing to uniform, heavy guanine deposition. Pigmentation pattern on the dorsal flank comprises dark, thin transverse lines that follow the contours of the myomeres. In addition, some small circular blotches are present throughout this region, although these blotches are concentrated along the dorsal margin of the flank if present. In life there is a yellowish tint to the posterior margin of the caudal, dorsal and anal fins as well as the midline of the flank and in the pectoral-fin axil.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C341653EFFE5FFB9BBA24A25397DFEE1" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436B5FFE5FFBBBBA24A253B03F9A9" blockId="5.[151,1437,1317,2015]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE5FFBBBBA24A253B7FF9DC" bold="true" box="[198,331,1541,1567]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. From the Latin
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D36FFE5FFBBB97E4A253892F9DD" box="[538,678,1541,1566]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="absconditus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE5FFBBB97E4A253892F9DD" box="[538,678,1541,1566]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">absconditus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
meaning hidden or concealed. In reference to the fact that this taxon has been well represented in collections for many years, yet consistently misidentified as members of other species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436B5FFE5FFBBBBA24A5539AEF8AC" blockId="5.[151,1437,1317,2015]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE5FFBBBBA24A553903F94C" bold="true" box="[198,823,1653,1679]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Taxonomic Status of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D36FFE5FFBBBAB14A553903F94C" authority="Valenciennes. Valenciennes" authorityName="Valenciennes. Valenciennes" box="[469,823,1653,1679]" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="berbis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE5FFBBBAB14A5538B7F94C" bold="true" box="[469,643,1653,1679]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Equula berbis</emphasis>
|
||
Valenciennes.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Valenciennes based his description of this species entirely on the very brief remarks of Forsskål and not on specimens (1775: 58;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B44FFE5FFBBBF0A4ABA3AE0F919" author="Klausewitz" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" refString="Klausewitz, W. & Nielson, J. G. (1965) On Forsskal's collection of fishes in the Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Spolia Zoologica Musei Hauniensis 22, 1 - 29." type="journal article" year="1965">Klausewitz and Nielson, 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The entire description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D36FFE5FFBBB9454AE038F8F91A" box="[545,716,1728,1753]" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="berbis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE5FFBBB9454AE038F8F91A" box="[545,716,1728,1753]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Equula berbis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(translated from the French) is as follows: “Forskal speaks about a variety of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D36FFE5FFBBBA0F4AC5381CF93D" box="[363,552,1765,1790]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scombridae" genus="Scomber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="equula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE5FFBBBA0F4AC5381CF93D" box="[363,552,1765,1790]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Scomber equula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, named in Djidda
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE5FFBBB8644AC53964F93D" box="[768,848,1765,1790]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">melliet</emphasis>
|
||
and Lohaja
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D36FFE5FFBBB8854AC53E1EF93D" box="[993,1066,1765,1790]" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="berbis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE5FFBBB8854AC53E1EF93D" box="[993,1066,1765,1790]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">berbis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has an elongate body or of lanceolate form, hardly long of a finger, the acute lobes of the tail, the side line finishing under the dorsal, and of which all the fins are bordered of yellow. It gives him for numbers: B. 4; D. 8/16; A. 3/15; C. 16; P. 16;
|
||
<date id="FFE51075FFE5FFBBBBF34B753AF7F8AC" box="[151,195,1877,1903]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">V. 1</date>
|
||
/5. This description is enough to prove that it is not a variety.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436B5FFE5FFB8BBA24B5A383AFE51" blockId="5.[151,1437,1317,2015]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,152,402]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
|
||
No
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E08817FFE5FFBBBB964B5A3B04F857" box="[242,304,1914,1940]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D36FFE5FFBBBA334B5B3BF5F857" box="[343,449,1915,1940]" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="berbis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE5FFBBBA334B5B3BF5F857" box="[343,449,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">E. berbis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are known and the original description [including the earlier comments by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B44FFE5FFBBBE5D4B5A3B20F879" author="Forsskal" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" refString="Forsskal, P. (1775) Descriptiones animalium avium, amphibiorum, piscium, insectorum, vermium; quae in itinere orientali observavit Petrus Forskal Prof. Haun. Post mortem auctoris edidit Carsten Niebuhr. Hauniae: ex. officina Molleri, 164 pp." type="book" year="1775">Forsskål (1775: 58)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
] does not serve to diagnose this species on the basis of unique anatomical features or distinguish it from congeners on the basis of a combination of unique attributes. Forsskål’s (1775: 58) remarks serve only to note that this taxon, which he considered to be a variety of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D36FFE6FFB8B8024CB83ED1FF72" box="[870,1253,152,178]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Leiognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="equulus" subGenus="Scomber">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE6FFB8B8024CB839CEFF72" box="[870,1018,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Leiognathus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE6FFB8BF684CB83E40FF72" box="[1036,1140,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Scomber</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE6FFB8BFEC4CB83ED1FF72" box="[1160,1253,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">equulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(viz.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D36FFE6FFB8BE504CB83ADCFF15" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scombridae" genus="Scomber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="equula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE6FFB8BE504CB83ADCFF15" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Scomber equula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D36FFE6FFB8BB8B4C9D3BC7FF14" authority="Forsskal" authorityName="Forsskal" box="[239,499,189,215]" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" rank="variety" variety="minimus">
|
||
var
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE6FFB8BA794C9D3BB5FF15" box="[285,385,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">minimus</emphasis>
|
||
Forsskål
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), has a more elongate body than the deep-bodied and more or less disk shaped
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D36FFE6FFB8BBF34CC23BA5FF38" box="[151,401,226,251]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Leiognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="equulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE6FFB8BBF34CC23BA5FF38" box="[151,401,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Leiognathus equulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a feature that is shared by a majority of ponyfishes. Forsskål also mentions a lateral stripe that terminates ventral to the dorsal fin, but he does not elaborate on whether this stripe appeared opaque or translucent. The majority of leiognathid species possess a lateral stripe of some form (e.g., reflective), although in only a few species is this stripe translucent (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D36FFE6FFB8BF344D723F44FEA8" box="[1104,1392,338,363]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stercorarius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE6FFB8BF344D723F44FEA8" box="[1104,1392,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Equulites stercorarius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D36FFE6FFB8BEE54D723B0EFE52" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="moretoniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE6FFB8BEE54D723B0EFE52" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">E. moretoniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D36FFE6FFB8BA1E4D583BC8FE52" box="[378,508,376,401]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antongil">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE6FFB8BA1E4D583BC8FE52" box="[378,508,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">E. antongil</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF24663DFFE6FFB8BBF3492C3803FA00" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194647/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" targetBox="[164,1425,453,1256]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436B5FFE6FFB8BBF3492C3803FA00" blockId="6.[151,1436,1292,1475]" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE6FFB8BBF3492C3B2CFAE7" bold="true" box="[151,280,1292,1316]" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Landmarks (1) rostral tip of premaxilla, (2) posterior end of nuchal spine, (3) anterior insertion of dorsal fin, (4) posterior insertion of dorsal fin, (5) dorsal insertion of caudal fin, (6) midpoint of caudal border of hypural plate, (7) ventral insertion of caudal fin, (8) posterior insertion of anal fin, (9) anterior insertion of anal fin, (10) dorsal base of pelvic fin, (11) ventral end of lower jaw articulation, (12) posterior end of maxilla, (13) anterior margin through midline of eye, (14) posterior margin through midline of eye, (15) dorsal end of opercle, (16) dorsal base of pectoral fin. Base figure is modified from Nelson (2006).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436B5FFE6FFB8BBA049CF3977F907" blockId="6.[151,1437,1519,2030]" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
|
||
The description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D36FFE6FFB8BAC449CF3935F9CA" authority="Valenciennes" authorityName="Valenciennes" box="[416,769,1519,1545]" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oblonga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE6FFB8BAC449CF3868F9CB" box="[416,604,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Equula oblonga</emphasis>
|
||
Valenciennes
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in Cuvier and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B44FFE6FFB8B8D449CF3EA0F9CA" author="Valenciennes" box="[944,1172,1519,1545]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" refString="Valenciennes, A. (1835) Des Equula. In Cuvier, G. & Valenciennes, A. (Eds), Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome dixieme. Chez F. G. Levrault, Paris. 60 - 103." type="book chapter" year="1835">Valenciennes, 1835</bibRefCitation>
|
||
immediately followed that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D36FFE6FFB8BB8D4A353B66F9ED" box="[233,338,1557,1582]" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="berbis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE6FFB8BB8D4A353B66F9ED" box="[233,338,1557,1582]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">E. berbis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with the authors commenting that they would not consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D36FFE6FFB8BF744A353EA4F9ED" box="[1040,1168,1557,1582]" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oblonga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE6FFB8BF744A353EA4F9ED" box="[1040,1168,1557,1582]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">E. oblonga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be different from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D36FFE6FFB8BEE74A353AD1F990" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="berbis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE6FFB8BEE74A353AD1F990" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">E. berbis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
“if it did not have spots about which the Danish naturalist (Forsskål) does not speak”. As “First Reviser”,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B44FFE6FFB8BA684A7F3BC9F9BA" author="Gunther" box="[268,509,1631,1657]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" refString="Gunther, A. (1860) Catalogue of the acanthopterygian fishes in the collection of the British Museum. British Museum, London. Catalogue of Fishes 2,548 pp." type="book" year="1860">Günther (1860: 502)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
synonymized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D36FFE6FFB8B9CC4A7F3926F9BB" box="[680,786,1631,1656]" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="berbis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE6FFB8B9CC4A7F3926F9BB" box="[680,786,1631,1656]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">E. berbis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D36FFE6FFB8B8314A7F39E2F9BB" box="[853,982,1631,1656]" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oblonga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE6FFB8B8314A7F39E2F9BB" box="[853,982,1631,1656]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">E. oblonga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but without any discussion as to why. Subsequently, and in violation of Article 24 of the International Code of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B44FFE6FFB8BF6C4AA43FA3F95D" box="[1032,1431,1668,1694]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" refString="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1999) 4 th ed. Adopted by the International Union of Biological Sciences. London: International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, 306, pp." type="book chapter">Zoological Nomenclature (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B44FFE6FFB8BBF34A8A3B62F907" author="Dor" box="[151,342,1706,1732]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" refString="Dor, M. (1984) Checklist of the fishes of the Red Sea. Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, CLOFRES, Jerusalem, 437 pp." type="book" year="1984">Dor (1984: 136)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
synonymized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D36FFE6FFB8B9644A8A38B5F900" box="[512,641,1706,1731]" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oblonga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE6FFB8B9644A8A38B5F900" box="[512,641,1706,1731]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">E. oblonga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D36FFE6FFB8B9B64A8A3908F900" box="[722,828,1706,1731]" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="berbis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE6FFB8B9B64A8A3908F900" box="[722,828,1706,1731]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">E. berbis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436B5FFE6FFB8BBA04AEF3ACCF867" blockId="6.[151,1437,1519,2030]" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
|
||
Our examination of collections of leiognathids reveals that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D36FFE6FFB8B8DD4AEF3E5FF92B" box="[953,1131,1743,1768]" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="berbis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE6FFB8B8DD4AEF3E5FF92B" box="[953,1131,1743,1768]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Equula berbis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
consistently serves as a “wastebasket species”. Much of the confusion is derived from the fact that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D36FFE6FFB8BF704AD53E8FF8CD" box="[1044,1211,1781,1806]" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="berbis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE6FFB8BF704AD53E8FF8CD" box="[1044,1211,1781,1806]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Equula berbis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not illustrated by either Forsskål or Valenciennes. In addition, all of the features presented by Valenciennes in the original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D36FFE6FFB8BA214B1F3B86F89B" box="[325,434,1855,1880]" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="berbis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE6FFB8BA214B1F3B86F89B" box="[325,434,1855,1880]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">E. berbis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are shared with other members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D36FFE6FFB8B8324B1F3E30F89A" box="[854,1028,1855,1881]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Leiognathidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Because of these reasons and the fact that there have never been
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E08817FFE6FFB8B9404B44386EF8BD" box="[548,602,1892,1918]" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens for comparison, the name must be considered a nomen dubium.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436B5FFE6FFB9BBA24B8F397DFEE1" blockId="6.[151,1437,1519,2030]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,152,290]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
|
||
Despite the lack of information related to this species, it is currently considered to be one of the most widespread members of the family (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B44FFE6FFB8B95B4BF4397EF82D" author="Woodland" box="[575,842,2004,2030]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" refString="Woodland, D. J., Premcharoen, S. & Cabanban, A. S. (2001) Leiognathidae: Slipmouths (ponyfishes). In: Carpenter, K. E. & Niem, V. H. (Eds) Species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae) FAO, Rome pp. 2792 - 2823." type="book chapter" year="2001">
|
||
Woodland
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAA7FFE6FFB8B9A54BF538C0F82D" box="[705,756,2005,2030]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Woodland in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B44FFE6FFB8B8914BF43F39F82D" author="Froese" box="[1013,1293,2004,2030]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" refString="Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (Eds.). (2009) FishBase. Published online (updated versionJune 2009), http: // www. fishbase. org." type="book chapter" year="2009">Froese and Pauly, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Reports of this taxon are done without reference to original description and materials and have led to the perpetual buildup of misinformation in the literature. Revisionary systematics demands the examination of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E08817FFE7FFB9BFB94C9D3F24FF14" box="[1245,1296,189,215]" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material (if available) and a thorough consultation of the original description, otherwise leiognathid taxonomy will continue to be plagued by similar nomenclatural problems.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |