treatments-xml/data/03/F2/87/03F287941510BF08B7E2F98BFAABF827.xml

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<mods:title id="2C5A69F0A5BB490442EB35A5C7CD96CA">Redescription, molecular features, and neotype deposition of Rhipicephalus pusillus Gil Collado and Ixodes ventalloi Gil Collado (Acari, Ixodidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="561CCBD3EA9DF40E6538CA35BF024F4F">Venzal, José M.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03F287941510BF08B7E2F98BFAABF827" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5960191" ID-GBIF-Taxon="146043954" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5960191" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F287941510BF08B7E2F98BFAABF827" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F287941510BF08B7E2F98BFAABF827" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="267" pageId="1" pageNumber="263">
<subSubSection id="C34165091510BF0CB7E2F98BFCB9F9FC" box="[151,840,1554,1581]" pageId="1" pageNumber="263" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE436821510BF0CB7E2F98BFCB9F9FC" blockId="1.[151,840,1554,1581]" box="[151,840,1554,1581]" pageId="1" pageNumber="263">
<heading id="D0AC81EE1510BF0CB7E2F98BFCB9F9FC" bold="true" box="[151,840,1554,1581]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="263" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D011510BF0CB7E2F98BFD7FF9FC" ID-CoL="78TH9" authority="Gil Collado, 1936" authorityName="Gil Collado" authorityYear="1936" box="[151,654,1554,1581]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="1" pageNumber="263" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA901510BF0CB7E2F98BFE5AF9FD" bold="true" box="[151,427,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="263">Rhipicephalus pusillus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B731510BF0CB6C7F98AFD7FF9FC" box="[434,654,1555,1581]" pageId="1" pageNumber="263" refId="ref10367" refString="Gil Collado, J. (1936) Acaros Ixodoideos de Cataluna y Baleares. Treballs del Museu de Ciencies Naturals de Barcelona, Serie Entomologica, 11 (2), 1 - 8." type="journal article">Gil Collado, 1936</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Redescription
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C34165091510BF08B7E2F9C0FEA4FE59" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="267" pageId="1" pageNumber="263" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE436821510BF0FB7E2F9C0FE8FFE91" blockId="1.[151,1437,1625,2010]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="264" pageId="1" pageNumber="263">
<emphasis id="B92FEA901510BF0CB7E2F9C0FF25F9A3" bold="true" box="[151,212,1625,1650]" pageId="1" pageNumber="263">Male</emphasis>
. (
<figureCitation id="13602A071510BF0CB79BF9C0FEA3F9A3" box="[238,338,1625,1650]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1268,1290]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,410,1216]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,373,1247]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Adults of R. pusillus. A, male dorsal; B, male ventral. C, male, spiracular plate. D, male, gnathosoma, dorsal view. Bar length for figures A, B, H, and I: 1 mm. E, male, gnathosoma, ventral view. F, male, hypostome. Bar length for D and E: 0.4 mm. G, male, coxae and trochanters I to IV. H, female dorsal; I, female ventral. J, female, spiracular plate. K, female, gnathosoma, dorsal view; L, female, gnathosoma, ventral view. Bar length for K and L: 0.5 mm. M, female, hypostome. N, female, coxae and trochanters I to IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1303113/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="263">Figure 1</figureCitation>
, A–G). Ten specimens measured. Length from scapular apices to posterior idiosomal margin 1.48–1.74 (1.52) long, breadth 0.88–1.03 (0.92); ratio length/width 1.61–1.69 (1.65) (
<figureCitation id="13602A071510BF0CB30FF9E4FB27F947" box="[1146,1238,1661,1686]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1268,1290]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,410,1216]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,373,1247]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Adults of R. pusillus. A, male dorsal; B, male ventral. C, male, spiracular plate. D, male, gnathosoma, dorsal view. Bar length for figures A, B, H, and I: 1 mm. E, male, gnathosoma, ventral view. F, male, hypostome. Bar length for D and E: 0.4 mm. G, male, coxae and trochanters I to IV. H, female dorsal; I, female ventral. J, female, spiracular plate. K, female, gnathosoma, dorsal view; L, female, gnathosoma, ventral view. Bar length for K and L: 0.5 mm. M, female, hypostome. N, female, coxae and trochanters I to IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1303113/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="263">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
). Eyes at a level slightly behind coxa II. Dorsal punctations small to medium, few and scattered over central portions of conscutum; more abundant in posterior part of conscutum, over posteromedian and posterolateral grooves. Cervical fields shallow but present. Marginal lines long, shallow and marked by some punctations, beginning behind eye level, and delimiting first festoon. Actual posterior limit of marginal lines usually diffuse and difficult to determine; occasionally enclosing one festoon on one side and two festoons on the other in the same specimen. Scapular areas and areas lateral to marginal lines relatively free of punctations. Posteromedian groove wide and longer than posterolateral grooves, which appear as irregular depressions with an oval or subcircular shape. Adanal plates two times longer than broad (
<figureCitation id="13602A071510BF0CB6CCF804FDE0F867" box="[441,529,1949,1974]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1268,1290]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,410,1216]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,373,1247]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Adults of R. pusillus. A, male dorsal; B, male ventral. C, male, spiracular plate. D, male, gnathosoma, dorsal view. Bar length for figures A, B, H, and I: 1 mm. E, male, gnathosoma, ventral view. F, male, hypostome. Bar length for D and E: 0.4 mm. G, male, coxae and trochanters I to IV. H, female dorsal; I, female ventral. J, female, spiracular plate. K, female, gnathosoma, dorsal view; L, female, gnathosoma, ventral view. Bar length for K and L: 0.5 mm. M, female, hypostome. N, female, coxae and trochanters I to IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1303113/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="263">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
), curved inwards medially, without pointed projections in medial margin, with posterior margin widely convex. Accessory adanal plates slightly visible, with posterior margin not separated from cuticle. Spiracular plates elongate (
<figureCitation id="13602A071513BF0FB553FF0EFD8CFF61" box="[550,637,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1268,1290]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,410,1216]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,373,1247]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Adults of R. pusillus. A, male dorsal; B, male ventral. C, male, spiracular plate. D, male, gnathosoma, dorsal view. Bar length for figures A, B, H, and I: 1 mm. E, male, gnathosoma, ventral view. F, male, hypostome. Bar length for D and E: 0.4 mm. G, male, coxae and trochanters I to IV. H, female dorsal; I, female ventral. J, female, spiracular plate. K, female, gnathosoma, dorsal view; L, female, gnathosoma, ventral view. Bar length for K and L: 0.5 mm. M, female, hypostome. N, female, coxae and trochanters I to IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1303113/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="264">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
), caudal prolongation narrow and straight, slightly visible from dorsal view, like small virgule, clearly smaller than size of each festoon. Perforations on spiracular plate very small, slightly denser in margins of plate, with narrow peripheral portion of plate which is devoid of perforations. A few slightly larger goblets present in central portions of spiracular plate, surrounding spiracle and extending over caudal prolongation.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF24660A1513BF0FB7E2FB6DFDE2FA54" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1303113/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="264" startId="2.[151,250,1268,1290]" targetBox="[172,1414,410,1216]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BE436821513BF0FB7E2FB6DFDE2FA54" blockId="2.[151,1436,1268,1413]" pageId="2" pageNumber="264">
<emphasis id="B92FEA901513BF0FB7E2FB6DFEFDFAD8" bold="true" box="[151,268,1268,1290]" pageId="2" pageNumber="264">FIGURE 1</emphasis>
. Adults of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D011513BF0FB608FB6CFE19FADB" authorityName="Gil Collado" authorityYear="1936" box="[381,488,1268,1290]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="2" pageNumber="264" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA901513BF0FB608FB6CFE19FADB" box="[381,488,1268,1290]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="264">R. pusillus</emphasis>
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. A, male dorsal; B, male ventral. C, male, spiracular plate. D, male, gnathosoma, dorsal view. Bar length for figures A, B, H, and I: 1 mm. E, male, gnathosoma, ventral view. F, male, hypostome. Bar length for D and E: 0.4 mm. G, male, coxae and trochanters I to IV. H, female dorsal; I, female ventral. J, female, spiracular plate. K, female, gnathosoma, dorsal view; L, female, gnathosoma, ventral view. Bar length for K and L: 0.5 mm. M, female, hypostome. N, female, coxae and trochanters I to IV.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE436821513BF0FB7B2FA35FAE6F881" blockId="2.[151,1437,1452,2017]" pageId="2" pageNumber="264">
Gnathosoma dorsally (
<figureCitation id="13602A071513BF0FB6B2FA35FDE8FA14" box="[455,537,1452,1477]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1268,1290]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,410,1216]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,373,1247]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Adults of R. pusillus. A, male dorsal; B, male ventral. C, male, spiracular plate. D, male, gnathosoma, dorsal view. Bar length for figures A, B, H, and I: 1 mm. E, male, gnathosoma, ventral view. F, male, hypostome. Bar length for D and E: 0.4 mm. G, male, coxae and trochanters I to IV. H, female dorsal; I, female ventral. J, female, spiracular plate. K, female, gnathosoma, dorsal view; L, female, gnathosoma, ventral view. Bar length for K and L: 0.5 mm. M, female, hypostome. N, female, coxae and trochanters I to IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1303113/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="264">Fig 1D</figureCitation>
) slightly broader than long, but as long as broad in a few specimens. Dorsally, length from palpal apices to posterior margin of basis capituli 0.36–0.43 (0.41), breadth 0.42–0.45 (0.44). Ratio of gnathosomal length/width 0.92–0.95 (0.93). Basis capituli 0.19–0.22 (0.21) long. Basis capituli dorsally hexagonal. Basis capituli dorsally with postero-lateral margins concave, but in some specimens very slightly curved or even essentially straight. Cornua very small, 0.013 long. Ventrally, basis capituli with posterior margin broadly convex, with two large lateral processes that in some specimens may overlap the coxa I. Palpi 0.21–0.23 (0.21) long, 0.33–0.34 (0.34) broad, rounded apically. Ratio of palpal combined length/width 0.61–0.64 (0.63). Ventrally, palpal segment I with a triangular process posteriorly directed (
<figureCitation id="13602A071513BF0FB469F931FC83F911" box="[796,882,1704,1729]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1268,1290]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,410,1216]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,373,1247]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Adults of R. pusillus. A, male dorsal; B, male ventral. C, male, spiracular plate. D, male, gnathosoma, dorsal view. Bar length for figures A, B, H, and I: 1 mm. E, male, gnathosoma, ventral view. F, male, hypostome. Bar length for D and E: 0.4 mm. G, male, coxae and trochanters I to IV. H, female dorsal; I, female ventral. J, female, spiracular plate. K, female, gnathosoma, dorsal view; L, female, gnathosoma, ventral view. Bar length for K and L: 0.5 mm. M, female, hypostome. N, female, coxae and trochanters I to IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1303113/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="264">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
), covering most of ventral surface of first palpal segment. In most specimens, this palpal triangular process is slightly directed posterolaterally. Palpal segment III ventrally with short, very pointed, and essentially straight chitinous spur, slightly curved in some specimens, directed backward. Hypostome (
<figureCitation id="13602A071513BF0FB570F88DFDA6F8FC" box="[517,599,1812,1837]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1268,1290]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,410,1216]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,373,1247]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Adults of R. pusillus. A, male dorsal; B, male ventral. C, male, spiracular plate. D, male, gnathosoma, dorsal view. Bar length for figures A, B, H, and I: 1 mm. E, male, gnathosoma, ventral view. F, male, hypostome. Bar length for D and E: 0.4 mm. G, male, coxae and trochanters I to IV. H, female dorsal; I, female ventral. J, female, spiracular plate. K, female, gnathosoma, dorsal view; L, female, gnathosoma, ventral view. Bar length for K and L: 0.5 mm. M, female, hypostome. N, female, coxae and trochanters I to IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1303113/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="264">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
) 0.29–0.31 (0.29) long, 0.09–0.1 (0.1) broad. Ratio of hypostomal length/ width 2.8–2.9 (2.9). Dental formula 3/3 with 8–10 rows of hypostomal teeth and a small apical corona.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436821513BF0FB7B2F8C4FB1CF86C" blockId="2.[151,1437,1452,2017]" pageId="2" pageNumber="264">
Legs moderately short. Coxae I to IV of similar size (
<figureCitation id="13602A071513BF0FB432F8C5FC55F8A4" box="[839,932,1884,1909]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1268,1290]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,410,1216]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,373,1247]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Adults of R. pusillus. A, male dorsal; B, male ventral. C, male, spiracular plate. D, male, gnathosoma, dorsal view. Bar length for figures A, B, H, and I: 1 mm. E, male, gnathosoma, ventral view. F, male, hypostome. Bar length for D and E: 0.4 mm. G, male, coxae and trochanters I to IV. H, female dorsal; I, female ventral. J, female, spiracular plate. K, female, gnathosoma, dorsal view; L, female, gnathosoma, ventral view. Bar length for K and L: 0.5 mm. M, female, hypostome. N, female, coxae and trochanters I to IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1303113/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="264">Fig. 1G</figureCitation>
). Coxa I with two large spurs, subparallel, internal spur almost two times wider and slightly shorter than external. Coxae II to IV with only external spurs, of slightly decreasing size from coxae II to IV. Trochanter I with very small spur, posteriorly directed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436821513BF0EB7B2F851FEBBFE01" blockId="2.[151,1437,1452,2017]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,896]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="265" pageId="2" pageNumber="264">
<emphasis id="B92FEA901513BF0FB7B2F851FEEFF830" bold="true" box="[199,286,1992,2017]" pageId="2" pageNumber="264">Female</emphasis>
. (
<figureCitation id="13602A071513BF0FB642F851FE6BF831" box="[311,410,1992,2017]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1268,1290]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,410,1216]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,373,1247]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Adults of R. pusillus. A, male dorsal; B, male ventral. C, male, spiracular plate. D, male, gnathosoma, dorsal view. Bar length for figures A, B, H, and I: 1 mm. E, male, gnathosoma, ventral view. F, male, hypostome. Bar length for D and E: 0.4 mm. G, male, coxae and trochanters I to IV. H, female dorsal; I, female ventral. J, female, spiracular plate. K, female, gnathosoma, dorsal view; L, female, gnathosoma, ventral view. Bar length for K and L: 0.5 mm. M, female, hypostome. N, female, coxae and trochanters I to IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1303113/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="264">Figure 1</figureCitation>
, H–N). Nine unengorged specimens measured. Length from scapular apices to posterior idiosomal margin 1.52–1.89 (1.67), breadth 0.92–1.05 (1.01). Ratio of total length/width 1.61–1.69 (1.65) (
<figureCitation id="13602A071512BF0EB21AFF0EFF4AFF05" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1268,1290]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,410,1216]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,373,1247]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Adults of R. pusillus. A, male dorsal; B, male ventral. C, male, spiracular plate. D, male, gnathosoma, dorsal view. Bar length for figures A, B, H, and I: 1 mm. E, male, gnathosoma, ventral view. F, male, hypostome. Bar length for D and E: 0.4 mm. G, male, coxae and trochanters I to IV. H, female dorsal; I, female ventral. J, female, spiracular plate. K, female, gnathosoma, dorsal view; L, female, gnathosoma, ventral view. Bar length for K and L: 0.5 mm. M, female, hypostome. N, female, coxae and trochanters I to IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1303113/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="265">Fig. 1H</figureCitation>
). Length of the scutum 0.90–0.95 (0.91), breadth 0.90–0.94 (0.92). Ratio of the scutal length/width 0.98–0.99 (0.98). Posterior margin of scutum widely rounded. In some specimens, posterior margin slightly sinuous. Eyes mildly convex, placed on widest part of scutum, enclosed by few very small punctations, mostly posteriorly. Cervical fields scalpel-shaped, narrowly elongate but disappearing posterior to eye level. Scapular areas smooth, without punctations; numerous small punctations centrally and posteriorly on scutum. Genital aperture small and U shaped, at level of coxa II. Spiracular plate widely rounded (
<figureCitation id="13602A071512BF0EB422FEF6FC56FE59" box="[855,935,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1268,1290]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,410,1216]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,373,1247]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Adults of R. pusillus. A, male dorsal; B, male ventral. C, male, spiracular plate. D, male, gnathosoma, dorsal view. Bar length for figures A, B, H, and I: 1 mm. E, male, gnathosoma, ventral view. F, male, hypostome. Bar length for D and E: 0.4 mm. G, male, coxae and trochanters I to IV. H, female dorsal; I, female ventral. J, female, spiracular plate. K, female, gnathosoma, dorsal view; L, female, gnathosoma, ventral view. Bar length for K and L: 0.5 mm. M, female, hypostome. N, female, coxae and trochanters I to IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1303113/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="265">Fig. 1J</figureCitation>
), with curved, dorsal process, only slightly visible dorsally. Perforations in spiracular plate very small, with few, larger goblets randomly placed around spiracular plate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436821512BF0EB7B2FE45FCB3FCC5" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,896]" pageId="3" pageNumber="265">
Gnathosoma clearly broader than long. Dorsally, length from palpal apices to posterior margin of basis capituli 0.53–0.57 (0.56), breadth 0.60–0.65 (0.61) broad. Ratio of gnathosomal length/width 0.91–0.92 (0.91). Basis capituli dorsally 0.23–0.29 (0.27) long (
<figureCitation id="13602A071512BF0EB504FDBDFD21FDED" box="[625,720,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1268,1290]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,410,1216]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,373,1247]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Adults of R. pusillus. A, male dorsal; B, male ventral. C, male, spiracular plate. D, male, gnathosoma, dorsal view. Bar length for figures A, B, H, and I: 1 mm. E, male, gnathosoma, ventral view. F, male, hypostome. Bar length for D and E: 0.4 mm. G, male, coxae and trochanters I to IV. H, female dorsal; I, female ventral. J, female, spiracular plate. K, female, gnathosoma, dorsal view; L, female, gnathosoma, ventral view. Bar length for K and L: 0.5 mm. M, female, hypostome. N, female, coxae and trochanters I to IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1303113/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="265">Fig. 1K</figureCitation>
). Basis capituli clearly hexagonal, with posterior and lateral margins straight. Basis capituli with lateral projections at about mid-length, acute. Porose areas very small, about 2.5–3 times their own diameter apart. Cornua short, length 0.02. Palpi short, 0.31–0.32 (0.31) long, 0.42–0.44 (0.42) broad, rounded apically. Ratio of combined palpal length/width 0.73–0.74 (0.73). Ventrally palpal segment I (
<figureCitation id="13602A071512BF0EB7EAFD2DFF04FD1D" box="[159,245,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1268,1290]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,410,1216]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,373,1247]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Adults of R. pusillus. A, male dorsal; B, male ventral. C, male, spiracular plate. D, male, gnathosoma, dorsal view. Bar length for figures A, B, H, and I: 1 mm. E, male, gnathosoma, ventral view. F, male, hypostome. Bar length for D and E: 0.4 mm. G, male, coxae and trochanters I to IV. H, female dorsal; I, female ventral. J, female, spiracular plate. K, female, gnathosoma, dorsal view; L, female, gnathosoma, ventral view. Bar length for K and L: 0.5 mm. M, female, hypostome. N, female, coxae and trochanters I to IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1303113/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="265">Fig. 1L</figureCitation>
) with very broad triangular process posteriorly directed, covering most of ventral surface of palpal first segment, and carrying 6–8 barbed setae. Hypostome (
<figureCitation id="13602A071512BF0EB589FD4EFCA8FD21" box="[764,857,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1268,1290]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,410,1216]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,373,1247]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Adults of R. pusillus. A, male dorsal; B, male ventral. C, male, spiracular plate. D, male, gnathosoma, dorsal view. Bar length for figures A, B, H, and I: 1 mm. E, male, gnathosoma, ventral view. F, male, hypostome. Bar length for D and E: 0.4 mm. G, male, coxae and trochanters I to IV. H, female dorsal; I, female ventral. J, female, spiracular plate. K, female, gnathosoma, dorsal view; L, female, gnathosoma, ventral view. Bar length for K and L: 0.5 mm. M, female, hypostome. N, female, coxae and trochanters I to IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1303113/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="265">Fig. 1M</figureCitation>
) 0.23 long, 0.12 broad, with dental formula of 3/3 with 8–10 rows of hypostomal teeth and small apical corona.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436821512BF0EB7B2FCB9FD70FCAE" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,896]" pageId="3" pageNumber="265">
Legs moderately short. Coxae I to IV of similar size (
<figureCitation id="13602A071512BF0EB432FC86FC55FCE9" box="[839,932,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1268,1290]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,410,1216]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,373,1247]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Adults of R. pusillus. A, male dorsal; B, male ventral. C, male, spiracular plate. D, male, gnathosoma, dorsal view. Bar length for figures A, B, H, and I: 1 mm. E, male, gnathosoma, ventral view. F, male, hypostome. Bar length for D and E: 0.4 mm. G, male, coxae and trochanters I to IV. H, female dorsal; I, female ventral. J, female, spiracular plate. K, female, gnathosoma, dorsal view; L, female, gnathosoma, ventral view. Bar length for K and L: 0.5 mm. M, female, hypostome. N, female, coxae and trochanters I to IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1303113/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="265">Fig. 1N</figureCitation>
). Coxa I with two large spurs, subparallel, internal spur two times wider and slightly shorter than external spur. Coxae II to IV only with external spurs, of slightly decreasing size from coxae II to IV.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF24660A1512BF0EB7E2F881FDF0F878" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1303115/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="265" startId="3.[151,250,1816,1838]" targetBox="[166,1430,974,1783]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BE436821512BF0EB7E2F881FDF0F878" blockId="3.[151,1436,1816,1961]" pageId="3" pageNumber="265">
<emphasis id="B92FEA901512BF0EB7E2F881FEE1F8FC" bold="true" box="[151,272,1816,1838]" pageId="3" pageNumber="265">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
. Immatures of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D011512BF0EB6C3F883FDD5F8FF" authorityName="Gil Collado" authorityYear="1936" box="[438,548,1816,1839]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="3" pageNumber="265" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA901512BF0EB6C3F883FDD5F8FF" box="[438,548,1816,1839]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="265">R. pusillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A, nymph dorsal; B, nymph ventral. Bar length for A and B: 0.4 mm. C, nymph, spiracular plate. D, nymph, gnathosoma, dorsal view; E, nymph, gnathosoma, ventral view. F, nymph, hypostome. Bar length for D and E: 0.2 mm. G, nymph, coxae and trochanters I to IV. H, larva dorsal; I, larva ventral. Bar length for H and I: 0.2 mm. J, larva, gnathosoma, dorsal view; K, larva, gnathosoma, ventral view. Bar length for J and K: 0.1 mm. L, larva, hypostome. M, larva, coxae and trochanters I to IV.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE436821515BF09B7B2FF0EFEBBFE1D" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="266">
<emphasis id="B92FEA901515BF09B7B2FF0EFED1FF61" bold="true" box="[199,288,151,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="266">Nymph</emphasis>
. (
<figureCitation id="13602A071515BF09B643FF0EFE68FF61" box="[310,409,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1816,1838]" captionTargetBox="[166,1430,974,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,949,1795]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Immatures of R. pusillus. A, nymph dorsal; B, nymph ventral. Bar length for A and B: 0.4 mm. C, nymph, spiracular plate. D, nymph, gnathosoma, dorsal view; E, nymph, gnathosoma, ventral view. F, nymph, hypostome. Bar length for D and E: 0.2 mm. G, nymph, coxae and trochanters I to IV. H, larva dorsal; I, larva ventral. Bar length for H and I: 0.2 mm. J, larva, gnathosoma, dorsal view; K, larva, gnathosoma, ventral view. Bar length for J and K: 0.1 mm. L, larva, hypostome. M, larva, coxae and trochanters I to IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1303115/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="266">Figure 2</figureCitation>
, A–G). Twenty unengorged specimens measured, molted in the laboratory from fed larvae collected on 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D011515BF09B65EFF25FE4AFF02" box="[299,443,187,211]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Oryctolagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="266" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuniculus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA901515BF09B65EFF25FE4AFF02" box="[299,443,187,211]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="266">O. cuniculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Length from scapular apices to posterior idiosomal margin 0.84–0.93 (0.91), breadth 0.62–0.75 (0.71) (
<figureCitation id="13602A071515BF09B617FF47FE4CFF26" box="[354,445,222,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1816,1838]" captionTargetBox="[166,1430,974,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,949,1795]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Immatures of R. pusillus. A, nymph dorsal; B, nymph ventral. Bar length for A and B: 0.4 mm. C, nymph, spiracular plate. D, nymph, gnathosoma, dorsal view; E, nymph, gnathosoma, ventral view. F, nymph, hypostome. Bar length for D and E: 0.2 mm. G, nymph, coxae and trochanters I to IV. H, larva dorsal; I, larva ventral. Bar length for H and I: 0.2 mm. J, larva, gnathosoma, dorsal view; K, larva, gnathosoma, ventral view. Bar length for J and K: 0.1 mm. L, larva, hypostome. M, larva, coxae and trochanters I to IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1303115/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="266">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
). Ratio of total length/width 1.24–1.31 (1.28). Scutum 0.39–0.45 (0.40) long, 0.44–0.49 (0.46) broad. Ratio of scutal length/width 0.83–0.89 (0.86). Posterior margin of the scutum widely rounded. Eyes mildly convex, placed on widest part of conscutum, exactly on lateral angles of widely convex posterior conscutal margin. Cervical fields relatively long and narrow, depressed, reaching posteriorly to eye level. Ventral surface as illustrated (
<figureCitation id="13602A071515BF09B662FEF5FE81FE54" box="[279,368,364,389]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1816,1838]" captionTargetBox="[166,1430,974,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,949,1795]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Immatures of R. pusillus. A, nymph dorsal; B, nymph ventral. Bar length for A and B: 0.4 mm. C, nymph, spiracular plate. D, nymph, gnathosoma, dorsal view; E, nymph, gnathosoma, ventral view. F, nymph, hypostome. Bar length for D and E: 0.2 mm. G, nymph, coxae and trochanters I to IV. H, larva dorsal; I, larva ventral. Bar length for H and I: 0.2 mm. J, larva, gnathosoma, dorsal view; K, larva, gnathosoma, ventral view. Bar length for J and K: 0.1 mm. L, larva, hypostome. M, larva, coxae and trochanters I to IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1303115/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="266">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
). Spiracular plate widely rounded (
<figureCitation id="13602A071515BF09B588FEF5FCA5FE54" box="[765,852,364,389]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1816,1838]" captionTargetBox="[166,1430,974,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,949,1795]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Immatures of R. pusillus. A, nymph dorsal; B, nymph ventral. Bar length for A and B: 0.4 mm. C, nymph, spiracular plate. D, nymph, gnathosoma, dorsal view; E, nymph, gnathosoma, ventral view. F, nymph, hypostome. Bar length for D and E: 0.2 mm. G, nymph, coxae and trochanters I to IV. H, larva dorsal; I, larva ventral. Bar length for H and I: 0.2 mm. J, larva, gnathosoma, dorsal view; K, larva, gnathosoma, ventral view. Bar length for J and K: 0.1 mm. L, larva, hypostome. M, larva, coxae and trochanters I to IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1303115/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="266">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
) with small and slightly pointed dorsal process, not visible dorsally. Spiracular plate with only one row of goblets located in periphery, with a few, larger goblets over spiracular plate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436821515BF09B7B2FE4EFC05FD36" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="266">
Gnathosoma clearly broader than long, dorsally, length from palpal apices to posterior margin of basis capituli 0.23–0.26 (0.25), breadth 0.29–0.34 (0.33) (
<figureCitation id="13602A071515BF09B5FBFE63FD1BFDC2" box="[654,746,506,531]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1816,1838]" captionTargetBox="[166,1430,974,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,949,1795]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Immatures of R. pusillus. A, nymph dorsal; B, nymph ventral. Bar length for A and B: 0.4 mm. C, nymph, spiracular plate. D, nymph, gnathosoma, dorsal view; E, nymph, gnathosoma, ventral view. F, nymph, hypostome. Bar length for D and E: 0.2 mm. G, nymph, coxae and trochanters I to IV. H, larva dorsal; I, larva ventral. Bar length for H and I: 0.2 mm. J, larva, gnathosoma, dorsal view; K, larva, gnathosoma, ventral view. Bar length for J and K: 0.1 mm. L, larva, hypostome. M, larva, coxae and trochanters I to IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1303115/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="266">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
). Ratio of gnathosomal length/width 0.72–0.75 (0.73). Basis capituli 0.10–0.11 (0.10) long. Basis capituli clearly hexagonal, posterior and lateral margins straight or slightly concave. Basis capituli with lateral projections at about mid-length, acute. Cornua absent. Palpi short, 0.14–0.16 (0.14) long, 0.22–0.25 (0.23) broad, tapered apically. Ratio of combined palpal length/width 0.59–0.60 (0.60). Ventrally (
<figureCitation id="13602A071515BF09B678FD11FE90FD70" box="[269,353,648,673]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1816,1838]" captionTargetBox="[166,1430,974,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,949,1795]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Immatures of R. pusillus. A, nymph dorsal; B, nymph ventral. Bar length for A and B: 0.4 mm. C, nymph, spiracular plate. D, nymph, gnathosoma, dorsal view; E, nymph, gnathosoma, ventral view. F, nymph, hypostome. Bar length for D and E: 0.2 mm. G, nymph, coxae and trochanters I to IV. H, larva dorsal; I, larva ventral. Bar length for H and I: 0.2 mm. J, larva, gnathosoma, dorsal view; K, larva, gnathosoma, ventral view. Bar length for J and K: 0.1 mm. L, larva, hypostome. M, larva, coxae and trochanters I to IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1303115/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="266">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
) auriculae long, triangular and straight. Palpal segment I with broad and short triangular process posteriorly directed. Palpal segment III with chitinous ridge. Hypostome (
<figureCitation id="13602A071515BF09B487FD35FBB8FD15" box="[1010,1097,684,709]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1816,1838]" captionTargetBox="[166,1430,974,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,949,1795]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Immatures of R. pusillus. A, nymph dorsal; B, nymph ventral. Bar length for A and B: 0.4 mm. C, nymph, spiracular plate. D, nymph, gnathosoma, dorsal view; E, nymph, gnathosoma, ventral view. F, nymph, hypostome. Bar length for D and E: 0.2 mm. G, nymph, coxae and trochanters I to IV. H, larva dorsal; I, larva ventral. Bar length for H and I: 0.2 mm. J, larva, gnathosoma, dorsal view; K, larva, gnathosoma, ventral view. Bar length for J and K: 0.1 mm. L, larva, hypostome. M, larva, coxae and trochanters I to IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1303115/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="266">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
) 0.10 long, 0.06 broad (ratio 1.66); dental formula of 2/2 with 7–8 hypostomal teeth and an apical corona.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436821515BF09B7B2FD6DFD1EFC80" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="266">
Legs moderately short. Coxae I to IV of similar size (
<figureCitation id="13602A071515BF09B442FD6AFC64FCDA" box="[823,917,755,780]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1816,1838]" captionTargetBox="[166,1430,974,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,949,1795]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Immatures of R. pusillus. A, nymph dorsal; B, nymph ventral. Bar length for A and B: 0.4 mm. C, nymph, spiracular plate. D, nymph, gnathosoma, dorsal view; E, nymph, gnathosoma, ventral view. F, nymph, hypostome. Bar length for D and E: 0.2 mm. G, nymph, coxae and trochanters I to IV. H, larva dorsal; I, larva ventral. Bar length for H and I: 0.2 mm. J, larva, gnathosoma, dorsal view; K, larva, gnathosoma, ventral view. Bar length for J and K: 0.1 mm. L, larva, hypostome. M, larva, coxae and trochanters I to IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1303115/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="266">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
). Coxa I with two large spurs, separated, not parallel, internal spur almost same length and breadth as external spur, or slightly larger. Coxae II to IV only with external spurs, of decreasing size from coxae II to IV.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436821515BF09B7B2FCC4FB52FAB7" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="266">
<emphasis id="B92FEA901515BF09B7B2FCC4FEE1FCA7" bold="true" box="[199,272,861,886]" pageId="4" pageNumber="266">Larva</emphasis>
. (
<figureCitation id="13602A071515BF09B65DFCC4FE7DFCA7" box="[296,396,861,886]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1816,1838]" captionTargetBox="[166,1430,974,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,949,1795]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Immatures of R. pusillus. A, nymph dorsal; B, nymph ventral. Bar length for A and B: 0.4 mm. C, nymph, spiracular plate. D, nymph, gnathosoma, dorsal view; E, nymph, gnathosoma, ventral view. F, nymph, hypostome. Bar length for D and E: 0.2 mm. G, nymph, coxae and trochanters I to IV. H, larva dorsal; I, larva ventral. Bar length for H and I: 0.2 mm. J, larva, gnathosoma, dorsal view; K, larva, gnathosoma, ventral view. Bar length for J and K: 0.1 mm. L, larva, hypostome. M, larva, coxae and trochanters I to IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1303115/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="266">Figure 2</figureCitation>
, H–M). All larvae were obtained from eggs laid by two engorged females collected on 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D011515BF09B2F4FCC7FEF3FC48" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Oryctolagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="266" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuniculus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA901515BF09B2F4FCC7FEF3FC48" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="266">O. cuniculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Measurements are based on 
<specimenCount id="9D5DFD0B1515BF09B525FC19FD1CFC48" box="[592,749,896,921]" pageId="4" pageNumber="266" type="generic">15 specimens</specimenCount>
. Because of the small variability in setal measurements, well below the fourth decimal figure, we refer only to the average of these measurements. Denominations of setae follows 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B731515BF09B787FC5EFDDEFC31" box="[242,559,967,992]" pageId="4" pageNumber="266" refId="ref9847" refString="Clifford, C. M. &amp; Anastos, G. (1960) The use of chaetotaxy in the identification of larval ticks (Acarina: Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 46 (5), 567 - 578. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3274939" type="journal article">Clifford and Anastos (1960)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B731515BF09B513FC5EFCA4FC31" box="[614,853,967,992]" pageId="4" pageNumber="266" refId="ref9900" refString="Clifford, C. M., Sonenshine, D. E., Keirans, J. E. &amp; Kohls, G. M. (1973) Systematics of the subfamily Ixodinae (Acarina: Ixodidae). 1. The subgenera of Ixodes. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 66 (3), 489 - 500. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 66.3.489" type="journal article">
Clifford 
<emphasis id="B92FEA901515BF09B5B2FC50FD0EFC31" box="[711,767,968,992]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="266">et al.</emphasis>
(1973)
</bibRefCitation>
. Length from scapular apices to posterior idiosomal margin 0.30–0.35 (0.32), breadth 0.24–0.27 (0.26) (
<figureCitation id="13602A071515BF09B5AAFC72FCCBFBD2" box="[735,826,1003,1028]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1816,1838]" captionTargetBox="[166,1430,974,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,949,1795]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Immatures of R. pusillus. A, nymph dorsal; B, nymph ventral. Bar length for A and B: 0.4 mm. C, nymph, spiracular plate. D, nymph, gnathosoma, dorsal view; E, nymph, gnathosoma, ventral view. F, nymph, hypostome. Bar length for D and E: 0.2 mm. G, nymph, coxae and trochanters I to IV. H, larva dorsal; I, larva ventral. Bar length for H and I: 0.2 mm. J, larva, gnathosoma, dorsal view; K, larva, gnathosoma, ventral view. Bar length for J and K: 0.1 mm. L, larva, hypostome. M, larva, coxae and trochanters I to IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1303115/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="266">Fig. 2H</figureCitation>
). Ratio length/width 1.22–1.25 (1.23). Scutum clearly wider than long, 0.10–0.12 (0.11) long, 0.21–0.24 (0.22) broad. Ratio scutal length/width: 0.49–0.50 (0.50) Posterior margin widely rounded in its median portion, with posterolateral margins essentially straight. Eyes small, placed on widest part of conscutum, exactly on lateral angles of posterior conscutal margin. Scutal setae: 3 pairs (Sc1–Sc3), measuring 0.016, 0.015, and 0.018, respectively. Alloscutal setae: 12 pairs. Four pairs of central dorsal setae (Cd1: 0.037, Cd2: 0.034, Cd3: 0.039, Cd4: 0.037), 7 pairs of marginal dorsal setae (Md1: 0.092, Md2: 0.096, Md3: 0.099, Md4: 0.066, Md5: 0.069, Md6: 0.059; Md7: 0.044) and 1 pair of supplementary setae (S: 0.051). Ventral surface as illustrated (
<figureCitation id="13602A071515BF09B693FB7AFDC5FB2D" box="[486,564,1251,1276]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1816,1838]" captionTargetBox="[166,1430,974,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,949,1795]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Immatures of R. pusillus. A, nymph dorsal; B, nymph ventral. Bar length for A and B: 0.4 mm. C, nymph, spiracular plate. D, nymph, gnathosoma, dorsal view; E, nymph, gnathosoma, ventral view. F, nymph, hypostome. Bar length for D and E: 0.2 mm. G, nymph, coxae and trochanters I to IV. H, larva dorsal; I, larva ventral. Bar length for H and I: 0.2 mm. J, larva, gnathosoma, dorsal view; K, larva, gnathosoma, ventral view. Bar length for J and K: 0.1 mm. L, larva, hypostome. M, larva, coxae and trochanters I to IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1303115/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="266">
Fig. 
<date id="FFE510421515BF09B56EFB7DFDC5FB2D" box="[539,564,1252,1276]" pageId="4" pageNumber="266">2I</date>
</figureCitation>
) with 13 pairs of setae plus 1 pair on the anal valves, i.e. 3 sternal setae (St1: 0.02, St2: 0.02, St3: 0.022), with St1 located below level of coxae I, St2 well below of coxae II and St3 between coxae III, 2 pre-anal pairs (Pa1: 0.034, Pa2: 0.034), 4 premarginal pairs (Pm1: 0.0 34, Pm2: 0.035, Pm3: 0.029, Pm4: 0.031), and 4 marginal ventral pairs (Mv1: 0.03, Mv2: 0.03, Mv3: 0.031, Mv4: 0.029).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436821515BF09B7B2FAE8FDCAF923" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="266">
Gnathosoma broader than long, dorsally, length from palpal apices to posterior margin of basis capituli 0.10–0.11 (0.10), breadth 0.11–0.12 (0.12) (
<figureCitation id="13602A071515BF09B50AFA0CFD21FA7F" box="[639,720,1429,1454]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1816,1838]" captionTargetBox="[166,1430,974,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,949,1795]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Immatures of R. pusillus. A, nymph dorsal; B, nymph ventral. Bar length for A and B: 0.4 mm. C, nymph, spiracular plate. D, nymph, gnathosoma, dorsal view; E, nymph, gnathosoma, ventral view. F, nymph, hypostome. Bar length for D and E: 0.2 mm. G, nymph, coxae and trochanters I to IV. H, larva dorsal; I, larva ventral. Bar length for H and I: 0.2 mm. J, larva, gnathosoma, dorsal view; K, larva, gnathosoma, ventral view. Bar length for J and K: 0.1 mm. L, larva, hypostome. M, larva, coxae and trochanters I to IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1303115/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="266">Fig. 2J</figureCitation>
). Ratio gnathosomal length/width 0.90. Basis capituli 0.04 long. Basis capituli clearly rectangular, with posterior margin straight or slightly concave, then widely convex to blunt lateral projections at about mid-length. Palpi short, 0.08 long, 0.03 broad, tapered apically. Ventrally (
<figureCitation id="13602A071515BF09B24CFA44FA64FA27" box="[1337,1429,1501,1526]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1816,1838]" captionTargetBox="[166,1430,974,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,949,1795]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Immatures of R. pusillus. A, nymph dorsal; B, nymph ventral. Bar length for A and B: 0.4 mm. C, nymph, spiracular plate. D, nymph, gnathosoma, dorsal view; E, nymph, gnathosoma, ventral view. F, nymph, hypostome. Bar length for D and E: 0.2 mm. G, nymph, coxae and trochanters I to IV. H, larva dorsal; I, larva ventral. Bar length for H and I: 0.2 mm. J, larva, gnathosoma, dorsal view; K, larva, gnathosoma, ventral view. Bar length for J and K: 0.1 mm. L, larva, hypostome. M, larva, coxae and trochanters I to IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1303115/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="266">Fig. 2K</figureCitation>
) palpal segment I with short chitinous ridge. Palpal segment III with faint chitinous ridge. Ventral basis capituli with two pairs of post-hypostomal setae (Ph1-Ph2), distance between Ph1 0.04 and Ph2 0.03; posterior margin of ventral basis capituli widely round. Auriculae absent. Hypostome (
<figureCitation id="13602A071515BF09B443F9D0FC7DF9B3" box="[822,908,1609,1634]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1816,1838]" captionTargetBox="[166,1430,974,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,949,1795]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Immatures of R. pusillus. A, nymph dorsal; B, nymph ventral. Bar length for A and B: 0.4 mm. C, nymph, spiracular plate. D, nymph, gnathosoma, dorsal view; E, nymph, gnathosoma, ventral view. F, nymph, hypostome. Bar length for D and E: 0.2 mm. G, nymph, coxae and trochanters I to IV. H, larva dorsal; I, larva ventral. Bar length for H and I: 0.2 mm. J, larva, gnathosoma, dorsal view; K, larva, gnathosoma, ventral view. Bar length for J and K: 0.1 mm. L, larva, hypostome. M, larva, coxae and trochanters I to IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1303115/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="266">Fig. 2L</figureCitation>
) 0.04 long, 0.02 broad, with dental formula of 2/ 
<quantity id="4CA39B671515BF09B7D8F9F7FF29F957" box="[173,216,1645,1670]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="4" pageNumber="266" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
every row but apical corona, with rounded apex, and all denticles sharply pointed, 8/10 denticles in row I, 
<quantity id="4CA39B671515BF09B2FBF9F7FF5CF97B" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.778" pageId="4" pageNumber="266" unit="in" value="7.0">7 in</quantity>
row II. Palpal setae: 7 on genu, i.e. 1 paraxial (Gp1), 2 antiaxial (Ga1–Ga2), 3 dorsal (Gd1–Gd3) and 1 ventral (Gv1); 6 on femur, i.e. 1 paraxial (Fp1), 2 antiaxial (Fa1–Fa2), 1 dorsal (Fd1) and 2 ventral (Fv1–Fv2); 10 on tibiotarsus (Ttt1–Ttt10); trochanter 0.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436821515BF08B7B2F967FE47FF04" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2030]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,2038]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="267" pageId="4" pageNumber="266">
Legs moderately short. Coxae I to IV of similar size (
<figureCitation id="13602A071515BF09B454F964FC70F8C7" box="[801,897,1789,1814]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1816,1838]" captionTargetBox="[166,1430,974,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,949,1795]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Immatures of R. pusillus. A, nymph dorsal; B, nymph ventral. Bar length for A and B: 0.4 mm. C, nymph, spiracular plate. D, nymph, gnathosoma, dorsal view; E, nymph, gnathosoma, ventral view. F, nymph, hypostome. Bar length for D and E: 0.2 mm. G, nymph, coxae and trochanters I to IV. H, larva dorsal; I, larva ventral. Bar length for H and I: 0.2 mm. J, larva, gnathosoma, dorsal view; K, larva, gnathosoma, ventral view. Bar length for J and K: 0.1 mm. L, larva, hypostome. M, larva, coxae and trochanters I to IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1303115/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="266">Fig. 2M</figureCitation>
). Every coxa with one internal spur, coxa I spur largest. Coxa I with 3 setae, 1 anterior (CIa), 1 posterior (CIp) and 1 paraxial (CIpa); coxae II and III each with 1 anterior setae and 1 posterior seta; trochanters without spurs. Tarsus I length 0.20, width 0.09. Setae on tarsus I: group 
<date id="FFE510421515BF09B7AAF8F3FF0EF853" box="[223,255,1898,1922]" pageId="4" pageNumber="266">I 2</date>
, dorsal; 4 setae in group 
<date id="FFE510421515BF09B560F8F3FDA0F853" box="[533,593,1898,1922]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="4" pageNumber="266">II – 2</date>
dorsal (dII1, dII2), 1 lateral antiaxial (laII1) and 1 lateral paraxial (lpII1); 4 dorsal in group III (dIII1–4); groups IV and V dorsal setae absent; 2 dorsal in the group VI (dVI1–2). Ventral and lateral setae: 4 setae in group 
<date id="FFE510421515BF09B69DF82BFDEDF81B" box="[488,540,1970,1994]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="4" pageNumber="266">I – 2</date>
ventral (VvI1–2); 2 lateral antiaxial (laI1) and lateral paraxial (lpI1); 4 setae in group 
<date id="FFE510421515BF09B797F84FFED4F83F" box="[226,293,2006,2030]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="4" pageNumber="266">II – 2</date>
ventral (VvII1–2); 1 lateral antiaxial (laII2) and 1 lateral paraxial (lpII2); 4 setae in group 
<date id="FFE510421515BF09B225F84FFA6DF83F" box="[1360,1436,2006,2030]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="4" pageNumber="266">III – 2</date>
ventral (VvIII1–2); 2 lateral antiaxial (laIII1) and lateral paraxial (lpIII1). Haller’s organ with 3 phs setae plus 4 apparent setae in capsule.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436821514BF08B7B2FF46FEA4FE59" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="267">
<emphasis id="B92FEA901514BF08B7B2FF46FE5BFF29" bold="true" box="[199,426,223,248]" pageId="5" pageNumber="267">Molecular features</emphasis>
. The phylogenetic tree obtained from the 16S sequence places this tick in a large cluster that contains the 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D011514BF08B629FE9CFE0AFECD" authorityName="Estrada-Peña &amp; Venzal &amp; Nava" authorityYear="2018" box="[348,507,261,284]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="5" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanguineus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA901514BF08B629FE9CFE0AFECD" box="[348,507,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="267">R. sanguineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group. It is however separated from 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D011514BF08B4DDFE9DFF23FE91" authority="Canestrini &amp; Fanzago, 1878" authorityName="Canestrini &amp; Fanzago" authorityYear="1878" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="5" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bursa">
<emphasis id="B92FEA901514BF08B4DDFE9DFB63FECD" box="[936,1170,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="267">Rhipicephalus bursa</emphasis>
Canestrini &amp; Fanzago, 1878
</taxonomicName>
, in which 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D011514BF08B63BFEB0FE39FE91" authorityName="Gil Collado" authorityYear="1936" box="[334,456,296,320]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="5" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA901514BF08B63BFEB0FE39FE91" box="[334,456,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="267">R. pusillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was placed after its original description as 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D011514BF08B4B3FEB0FB78FE91" authorityName="Gil Collado" authorityYear="1936" box="[966,1161,296,320]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="5" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="bursa" subSpecies="pusillus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA901514BF08B4B3FEB0FB78FE91" box="[966,1161,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="267">R. bursa pusillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D011514BF08B3EFFEB1FA6DFE91" authorityName="Gil Collado" authorityYear="1936" box="[1178,1436,296,320]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="5" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA901514BF08B3EFFEB1FA6DFE91" box="[1178,1436,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="267">Rhipicephalus pusillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clusters apart from several species of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D011514BF08B502FED4FCE6FEB5" authorityName="Estrada-Peña &amp; Venzal &amp; Nava" authorityYear="2018" box="[631,791,333,356]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="5" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanguineus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA901514BF08B502FED4FCE6FEB5" box="[631,791,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="267">R. sanguineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, near 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D011514BF08B4D9FED5FAEEFEB4" authority="Yakimov" authorityName="Yakimov" box="[940,1311,332,357]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="5" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rossicus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA901514BF08B4D9FED5FB41FEB5" box="[940,1200,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="267">Rhipicephalus rossicus</emphasis>
Yakimov
</taxonomicName>
and Kohl- Yakimova, 1911.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34165091514BF08B7B2FE0DFC9FFCE9" pageId="5" pageNumber="267" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BE436821514BF08B7B2FE0DFC9FFCE9" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="267">
<emphasis id="B92FEA901514BF08B7B2FE0DFE22FE7C" bold="true" box="[199,467,404,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="267">Hosts and distribution</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D011514BF08B696FE0DFD13FE7D" authorityName="Gil Collado" authorityYear="1936" box="[483,738,404,428]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="5" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA901514BF08B696FE0DFD13FE7D" box="[483,738,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="267">Rhipicephalus pusillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is presumed to be a three-host tick (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B731514BF08B30BFE0DFAACFE7D" box="[1150,1373,404,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="267" refId="ref11919" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. &amp; Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book">
Walker 
<emphasis id="B92FEA901514BF08B3ADFE0CFAFBFE7D" box="[1240,1290,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="267">et al</emphasis>
., 2000
</bibRefCitation>
). The European rabbit (
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D011514BF08B62AFE21FDAFFE01" box="[351,606,440,464]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Oryctolagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuniculus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA901514BF08B62AFE21FDAFFE01" box="[351,606,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="267">Oryctolagus cuniculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) is its primary host but the tick has also been reported feeding on other hosts summarized by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B731514BF08B6FEFE45FD81FE25" box="[395,624,476,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="267" refId="ref11919" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. &amp; Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book">
Walker 
<emphasis id="B92FEA901514BF08B697FE44FDEAFE25" box="[482,539,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="267">et al.</emphasis>
(2000)
</bibRefCitation>
. The original description by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B731514BF08B4C6FE45FB79FE24" box="[947,1160,476,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="267" refId="ref10367" refString="Gil Collado, J. (1936) Acaros Ixodoideos de Cataluna y Baleares. Treballs del Museu de Ciencies Naturals de Barcelona, Serie Entomologica, 11 (2), 1 - 8." type="journal article">Gil Collado (1936)</bibRefCitation>
is based on two females collected on 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D011514BF08B658FD99FE3BFDC9" authority="vulpes" box="[301,458,512,536]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Vulpes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpes">
<emphasis id="B92FEA901514BF08B658FD99FE3BFDC9" box="[301,458,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="267">Vulpes vulpes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which seems either a consequence of predatory habits or the use by the fox of an abandoned rabbit den. The preferences of attachment sites on the rabbit and the seasonal dynamics on 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D011514BF08B27BFDBDFA6DFDED" box="[1294,1436,548,572]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Oryctolagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuniculus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA901514BF08B27BFDBDFA6DFDED" box="[1294,1436,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="267">O. cuniculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been reported by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B731514BF08B6D3FDD1FCF1FDB1" box="[422,768,583,608]" pageId="5" pageNumber="267" refId="ref11077" refString="Marquez, F. J. &amp; Guiguen, C. (1992) Distribution sur l'hote des ixodides parasites d' Oryctolagus cuniculus (L.) et facteurs qui l'affectent. Acarologia, 33 (2), 141 - 148." type="journal article">Márquez and Guiguen (1992)</bibRefCitation>
. This tick has never been collected by dragging, and the extensive data provided by Osácar (1992) on ectoparasites of rabbits, reported 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D011514BF08B33DFDF4FB35FD55" authorityName="Gil Collado" authorityYear="1936" box="[1096,1220,620,644]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="5" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA901514BF08B33DFDF4FB35FD55" box="[1096,1220,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="267">R. pusillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as an exclusively endophilous species. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D011514BF08B6FCFD09FD79FD79" authorityName="Gil Collado" authorityYear="1936" box="[393,648,656,680]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="5" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA901514BF08B6FCFD09FD79FD79" box="[393,648,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="267">Rhipicephalus pusillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been reported to feed extensively on livestock and 
<emphasis id="B92FEA901514BF08B271FD09FA8CFD79" box="[1284,1405,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="267">C. elaphus</emphasis>
in 
<collectingCountry id="F34C76121514BF08B7E2FD2DFF26FD1C" box="[151,215,692,717]" name="Spain" pageId="5" pageNumber="267">Spain</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B731514BF08B79AFD2DFDF9FD1C" box="[239,520,692,717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="267" refId="ref11526" refString="Ruiz-Fons, F., Fernandez-de-Mera, I. G., Acevedo, P., Hofle, U., Vicente, J., de la Fuente, J. &amp; Gortazar, C. (2006) Ixodid ticks parasitizing Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) and European wild boar (Sus scrofa) from Spain: geographical and temporal distribution. Veterinary Parasitology, 140 (1), 133 - 142. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. vetpar. 2006.03.033" type="journal article">
Ruiz-Fons 
<emphasis id="B92FEA901514BF08B600FD2CFE41FD1D" box="[373,432,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="267">et al</emphasis>
., 2006
</bibRefCitation>
) and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B731514BF08B52DFD2DFCA7FD1D" box="[600,854,692,717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="267" refId="ref11919" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. &amp; Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book">
Walker 
<emphasis id="B92FEA901514BF08B5CCFD2CFD02FD1D" box="[697,755,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="267">et al</emphasis>
. (2000)
</bibRefCitation>
mentioned a female collected “on vegetation”. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B731514BF08B7E2FD4EFE4FFD21" box="[151,446,727,752]" pageId="5" pageNumber="267" refId="ref10539" refString="Guglielmone, A. A., Robbins, R. G., Apanaskevich, D. A., Petney, T. N., Estrada-Pena, A. &amp; Horak, I. (2014) The hard ticks of the world. Springer, Dordrecht, 738 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 007 - 7497 - 1" type="book">
Guglielmone 
<emphasis id="B92FEA901514BF08B644FD40FE95FD21" box="[305,356,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="267">et al</emphasis>
. (2014)
</bibRefCitation>
consider birds to be valid but unusual hosts for this tick. The distribution of the tick is related to the original distribution of the European rabbit, including the Iberian Peninsula, southern 
<collectingCountry id="F34C76121514BF08B268FD64FA98FCC5" box="[1309,1385,765,788]" name="France" pageId="5" pageNumber="267">France</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F34C76121514BF08B7E2FC86FF3AFCE9" box="[151,203,799,824]" name="Italy" pageId="5" pageNumber="267">Italy</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F34C76121514BF08B7A3FCB9FECAFCE6" box="[214,315,800,823]" name="Morocco" pageId="5" pageNumber="267">Morocco</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F34C76121514BF08B607FC86FE34FCE9" box="[370,453,799,824]" name="Tunisia" pageId="5" pageNumber="267">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
(summarized by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B731514BF08B5FDFC86FC93FCE9" box="[648,866,799,824]" pageId="5" pageNumber="267" refId="ref11919" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. &amp; Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book">
Walker 
<emphasis id="B92FEA901514BF08B5AAFCB8FCE1FCE9" box="[735,784,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="267">et al</emphasis>
., 2000
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34165091514BF08B7B2FCDDFAABF827" pageId="5" pageNumber="267" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE436821514BF08B7B2FCDDFDF5FA2F" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="267">
<emphasis id="B92FEA901514BF08B7B2FCDDFD9BFC8C" bold="true" box="[199,618,836,861]" pageId="5" pageNumber="267">Diagnosis and species relationships</emphasis>
. Molecular features of 16S rDNA confirm that 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D011514BF08B3F6FCDDFA73FC8D" authorityName="Gil Collado" authorityYear="1936" box="[1155,1410,836,860]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="5" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA901514BF08B3F6FCDDFA73FC8D" box="[1155,1410,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="267">Rhipicephalus pusillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is close to species that cluster into the 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D011514BF08B55DFCF1FD34FCAE" authorityName="Estrada-Peña &amp; Venzal &amp; Nava" authorityYear="2018" box="[552,709,872,895]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="5" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanguineus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA901514BF08B55DFCF1FD34FCAE" box="[552,709,872,895]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="267">R. sanguineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group. It is however not closer to 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D011514BF08B336FCF1FB53FCAE" authorityName="Canestrini &amp; Fanzago" authorityYear="1878" box="[1091,1186,871,895]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="5" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bursa">
<emphasis id="B92FEA901514BF08B336FCF1FB53FCAE" box="[1091,1186,871,895]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="267">R. bursa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the species for which it was originally described as subspecies, than to other species of the genus. While the specific epithet makes reference to its small size, identification of adults of this species based on size is not advisable, because specimens of other species of the genus may be abnormally small due to poor nymphal feeding period. The male has the dorsal surface with small and scattered dorsal punctations, with relatively short marginal grooves, not reaching the eyes, and reaching the first festoon (in a few specimens, marginal grooves do reach the second festoon). Ventrally, the male of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D011514BF08B668FBA4FE62FB85" authorityName="Gil Collado" authorityYear="1936" box="[285,403,1084,1108]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="5" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA901514BF08B668FBA4FE62FB85" box="[285,403,1084,1108]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="267">R. pusillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has wide adanal plates, two times longer than wide, internally concave and widely rounded posteriorly, without an internal spur, and accessory adanal plates difficult to observe and not projecting over the cuticle. The spiracular plates have a long narrow, straight process, which is slightly visible in a dorsal view in most (but not all) specimens. Coxae II to IV have only external spurs, which is diagnostic. The female has very small porose areas, separated by 2.5–3 diameters, very short cornua, and a large triangular spur on the ventro-internal side of the palpal article I, carrying 6–8 barbed setae, which is diagnostic. The nymph is unique in the ventral aspect of the basis capituli. The large auriculae of the nymphs of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D011514BF08B4EEFA8BFBE5FAF8" authorityName="Gil Collado" authorityYear="1936" box="[923,1044,1297,1321]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="5" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA901514BF08B4EEFA8BFBE5FAF8" box="[923,1044,1297,1321]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="267">R. pusillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are also present in nymphs of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D011514BF08B2F1FA8BFF03FA9D" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="5" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rossicus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA901514BF08B2F1FA8BFF03FA9D" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="267">R. rossicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D011514BF08B659FAACFD6AFA9C" authority="Pomerantzev, 1940" authorityName="Pomerantzev" authorityYear="1940" box="[300,667,1333,1357]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="5" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turanicus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA901514BF08B659FAACFE47FA9D" box="[300,438,1333,1356]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="267">R. turanicus</emphasis>
Pomerantzev, 1940
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D011514BF08B5D2FAACFC65FA9C" authorityName="Gil Collado" authorityYear="1936" box="[679,916,1333,1357]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="5" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="bursa" subSpecies="pusillus">
However, 
<emphasis id="B92FEA901514BF08B469FAACFC65FA9C" box="[796,916,1333,1357]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="267">R. pusillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has two large spurs on coxa I, separated, not parallel, internal spur being slightly larger or of similar size than internal spur. The nymph of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D011514BF08B39BFAC0FA9DFABE" box="[1262,1388,1368,1392]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="5" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rossicus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA901514BF08B39BFAC0FA9DFABE" box="[1262,1388,1368,1392]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="267">R. rossicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has external coxal spurs only on coxae I–III. The nymph of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D011514BF08B47EFAE5FC64FA42" authorityName="Pomerantzev" authorityYear="1940" box="[779,917,1404,1427]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="5" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turanicus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA901514BF08B47EFAE5FC64FA42" box="[779,917,1404,1427]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="267">R. turanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the internal spur on coxa I clearly smaller than the external. The larva of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D011514BF08B681FA39FD9AFA66" authorityName="Gil Collado" authorityYear="1936" box="[500,619,1439,1463]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="5" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA901514BF08B681FA39FD9AFA66" box="[500,619,1439,1463]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="267">R. pusillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is more difficult to separate from close species, but has chitinous ridges on the ventral side of palpal segment I (absent in close species), lacks auriculae, and has a chitinous ridge on coxa III (absent in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D011514BF08B65BFA7EFE3AFA2F" authority="Estrada-Peña &amp; Venzal &amp; Nava, 2018" authorityName="Estrada-Peña &amp; Venzal &amp; Nava" authorityYear="2018" box="[302,459,1511,1534]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="5" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="sanguineus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA901514BF08B65BFA7EFE3AFA2F" box="[302,459,1511,1534]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="267">R. sanguineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21C57EB1514BF08B6A6FA7CFE05FA2F" box="[467,500,1509,1534]" pageId="5" pageNumber="267" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436821514BF08B7B2F990FAABF827" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="267">
<emphasis id="B92FEA901514BF08B7B2F990FE34F9F3" bold="true" box="[199,453,1545,1570]" pageId="5" pageNumber="267">Specimens examined</emphasis>
. The type specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D011514BF08B586F993FC9EF9F0" authorityName="Gil Collado" authorityYear="1936" box="[755,879,1545,1569]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="5" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA901514BF08B586F993FC9EF9F0" box="[755,879,1545,1569]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="267">R. pusillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are lost (Sonia Olmeda, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Madrid, Spain, pers. comm.) therefore precluding further comparison with other specimens of other species. We therefore proceeded to the naming and deposition of a neotype. The neotype specimen is a male, collected in a burrow of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D011514BF08B6C5F9ECFC9AF95F" authority="in Pina de Ebro" authorityName="in Pina de Ebro" box="[432,875,1653,1678]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Oryctolagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuniculus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA901514BF08B6C5F9ECFD5EF95C" box="[432,687,1653,1677]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="267">Oryctolagus cuniculus</emphasis>
in Pina de Ebro
</taxonomicName>
, 41°29’50’’N, 0°29’12’’W (Spain), about 
<quantity id="4CA39B671514BF08B233F9EFFA6DF95F" box="[1350,1436,1653,1678]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="267" unit="km" value="300.0">300 km</quantity>
away from the original type locality, by J.J. Osácar in May, 1990 (the original female holotype was collected on a fox, but European rabbit is widely accepted as its typical host). The specimen is deposited in the U.S. National Tick Collection, with accession number USNMENT00862202. The remaining specimens of this collection, 10 females, 8 males, 20 nymphs and 50 larvae were used to complete the redescription. Additionally, 3 females and 12 males (collected from 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D011514BF08B621F8B3FD6DF893" authority=", in Almudevar" authorityName="in Almudevar" box="[340,668,1833,1858]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Oryctolagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuniculus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA901514BF08B621F8B3FE16F890" box="[340,487,1833,1857]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="267">O. cuniculus</emphasis>
, in Almudévar
</taxonomicName>
, Spain, 42°03°41’’N, 0°34’55’’W, J.J. Osácar coll.) and 19 semiengorged females and 24 males (collected from 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D011514BF08B5BCF8D7FC04F8B7" authority=", in El Rocio" authorityName="in El Rocio" box="[713,1013,1869,1894]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Oryctolagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuniculus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA901514BF08B5BCF8D7FCA8F8B4" box="[713,857,1869,1893]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="267">O. cuniculus</emphasis>
, in El Rocío
</taxonomicName>
, Spain, 37°07’30’’N, 6°28’05’’W, R. Segura coll.) were used to complete the redescription. Flat nymphs were obtained from engorged larvae collected with the same data as the neotype. Newly hatched larvae were obtained from several (uncounted) females collected on 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D011514BF08B7CBF823FEA1F800" box="[190,336,1977,2001]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Oryctolagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuniculus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA901514BF08B7CBF823FEA1F800" box="[190,336,1977,2001]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="267">O. cuniculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with the same details as the neotype. Specimens other than the neotype are deposited in the collection of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Zaragoza (Spain) under the accession number FMV1411.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>