treatments-xml/data/03/E8/87/03E887F4DF75FFA519D43A18F544F978.xml

<document id="D16285031F9B399CCEDBDF4145A40BE3" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.363.1.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13703414" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725581356715" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Negaresh, Kazem &amp; Rahiminejad, Mohammad Reza" docDate="2018" docId="03E887F4DF75FFA519D43A18F544F978" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.363.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 363 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.363.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0.4:Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleId="F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Centaurea shehbazii Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh 2014" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="450" masterDocId="FFD1FF8CDF12FFCC195C3E3CF14EFF83" masterDocTitle="A revision of Centaurea sect. Cynaroides (Asteraceae, Cardueae-Centaureinae)" masterLastPageNumber="450" masterPageNumber="448" pageNumber="448" updateTime="1725593506943" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="08ED70FDFD9F65CB79BED74EB7C4D77F">A revision of Centaurea sect. Cynaroides (Asteraceae, Cardueae-Centaureinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4A728AAB4F6CB30D57F39B1472A75844">Negaresh, Kazem</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="66E0926C5E197399388655BBC9EED18A">Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran. (* Corresponding author e-mail: negaresh @ ramin. ac. ir)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="CE34D8C5678AC893711D49F5FD8D4D13">Rahiminejad, Mohammad Reza</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6BBF11DE9479A57348A5F5D7AF74A05C">Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran. (* Corresponding author e-mail: negaresh @ ramin. ac. ir) &amp; Department of Biology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746 - 73441, Iran. &amp; Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran. (* Corresponding author e-mail: negaresh @ ramin. ac. ir)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="B788D5055E243514EFCDF00B7FFB16D6">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C35B6569DF75FFAB19D43A18F4D7FBE2" pageId="103" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF75FFAB19D43A18F4D7FBE2" blockId="103.[136,1452,1058,1121]" pageId="103">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF75FFAB19D43A18F1E5FBBE" bold="true" box="[136,171,1060,1085]" pageId="103">32.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF75FFAB19ED3A1EF25CFBBE" ID-CoL="S7FN" authority="Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh (2014 a: 51)" authorityName="Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh" authorityPageNumber="51" authorityYear="2014" box="[177,786,1058,1085]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shehbazii">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF75FFAB19ED3A1EF0D0FBBE" bold="true" box="[177,414,1058,1085]" italics="true" pageId="103">Centaurea shehbazii</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B293CBFDF75FFAB18F83A18F25CFBBE" box="[420,786,1060,1085]" collectingDate="2012-05-30" collectionCode="BASU" collectorName="Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh" country="Iran" county="Type" elevation="1420" location="Bave Geh village" municipality="Ravansar" pageId="103" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kermanshah" typeStatus="holotype">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B13DF75FFAB18F83A18F25CFBBE" author="Ranjbar, M. &amp; Negaresh, K." box="[420,786,1060,1085]" pageId="103" pagination="51 - 56" refId="ref68791" refString="Ranjbar, M. &amp; Negaresh, K. (2014 a) The genus Centaurea (Asteraceae, Cardueae) in Iran: two new species and a lectotypification. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 71 (1): 51 - 56." type="journal article" year="2014">Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh (2014a: 51)</bibRefCitation>
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. 
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:— 
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. Prov. 
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: 
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to 
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, 
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, 
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, 
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, 
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<collectorName id="26B45334DF75FFAB1B423A74F334FBE2" box="[542,634,1096,1121]" pageId="103">Ranjbar</collectorName>
&amp; 
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28805
</emphasis>
(
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BASU!, photo herb. Negaresh). (
<figureCitation id="137A2A67DF75FFAB1C1C3A74F4DFFBE2" box="[1344,1425,1096,1121]" captionStart="FIGURE 71" captionStartId="104.[136,229,1953,1974]" captionTargetBox="[243,1344,190,1929]" captionTargetId="figure-17@104.[243,1344,190,1929]" captionTargetPageId="104" captionText="FIGURE 71. Centaurea shehbazii Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh (Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh 28805, BASU). A. close up of capitule. B. median cauline leaves. C. habit. D. indumentum of upper part of stem. Scale A = 1 cm, B and C = 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13703608/files/figure.png" pageId="103">Fig. 71</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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Biennial plants, with thick fleshy taproot, whole plant usually green, up to 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF75FFAB1A883AACF554FB2A" box="[980,1050,1168,1193]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="103" unit="cm" value="60.0">60 cm</quantity>
tall. Stem erect, usually simple, ca. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF75FFAB19D43A88F197FB4E" box="[136,217,1204,1229]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="103" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
in diam. at base, cylindrical, with thick white striations, loosely leafy up to median part, lower part reddish, subglabrous or with sparse hirsute-articulate hairs, up to 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF75FFAB1A7C3AE4F234FB72" box="[800,890,1240,1265]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="103" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
long, median part loosely covered with hirsute-articulate hairs and sessile glands, upper part loosely arachnoid with a mix of hirsute-articulate hairs and sessile glands, sometimes only with sessile glands. Leaves stiff, papyraceous (on drying), with prominent veins on both sides, almost covered with hirsute-articulate hairs, up to 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF75FFAB1A403B78F23BFADE" box="[796,885,1348,1373]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="103" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
long, more densely along midrib and veins, and sessile glands, margins scabrous. Basal leaves simple, with a ca. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF75FFAB1A323B54F2FAFA02" box="[878,948,1384,1409]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="103" unit="cm" value="12.0">12 cm</quantity>
petiole, broadly lanceolate, ca. 30 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF75FFAB1C023B54F4E9FA02" box="[1374,1447,1384,1409]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="103" unit="cm" value="12.0">12 cm</quantity>
, cartilaginously dentate, acute at apex. Lower cauline leaves simple, with a 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF75FFAB1AAA3BB0F5CAFA26" box="[1014,1156,1420,1445]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.25" metricValueMin="0.75" pageId="103" unit="cm" value="10.0" valueMax="12.5" valueMin="7.5">7.5–12.5 cm</quantity>
petiole, broadly ovate or broadly ovate-lanceolate, 27–33 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF75FFAB1B4F3B8CF3C9FA4A" box="[531,647,1456,1481]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="103" unit="cm" value="13.5" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="13.0">13–14 cm</quantity>
, entire or cartilaginously dentate, acute at apex. Median cauline leaves sessile, oblanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 15–20 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF75FFAB1BEA3BE8F260FA6E" box="[694,814,1492,1517]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.25" metricValueMax="10.5" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="103" unit="cm" value="8.25" valueMax="10.5" valueMin="6.0">6–10.5 cm</quantity>
, decurrent, up to 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF75FFAB1AB13BE8F575FA6E" box="[1005,1083,1492,1517]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="103" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
along stem, entire, acute at apex. Upper cauline leaves increasingly smaller, sessile, oblong-elliptic, ca. 9.5 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF75FFAB1AA73BC4F500F992" box="[1019,1102,1528,1553]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="103" unit="cm" value="3.7">3.7 cm</quantity>
, loosely covered with hirsute-articulate and sparsely arachnoid hairs, narrowly decurrent, up to 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF75FFAB1A3C3820F2E1F9B6" box="[864,943,1564,1589]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="103" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
along stem, obtuse at apex. Capitula few, 5 to 7, arranged in a raceme, peduncles naked, upper peduncles 
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long. Involucres ovoid-globose, truncate at base, 40–45 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF75FFAB19B73858F028F9FE" box="[235,358,1636,1661]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="103" unit="mm" value="35.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="30.0">30–40 mm</quantity>
. Phyllaries multiseriate, green in vivo, yellow-greenish in sicco, imbricate, coriaceous, with dense lanate-tomentose appressed hairs. Appendages rigid-chartaceous, medium-sized, concealing basal part of phyllaries only, not decurrent; cilia numerous, white or white-purple, 8–12 on each side, 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF75FFAB1AA73890F516F946" box="[1019,1112,1708,1733]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="103" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="1.0">1–6 mm</quantity>
long; spines rigid, purplish or blackish, triangular, (3–) 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF75FFAB18C738ECF0B6F96A" box="[411,504,1744,1769]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="103" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="5.0">5–8 mm</quantity>
long, equal to or longer than adjacent cilia. Outer phyllaries oblong, 3.5–8 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF75FFAB1C0438ECF1F9F88E" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="9.8" metricValueMin="8.2" pageId="103" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="9.8" valueMin="8.2">8.2–9.8 mm</quantity>
; appendages shortly ovate, ca. 9 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF75FFAB1B6238C8F3F9F88E" box="[574,695,1780,1805]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="103" unit="mm" value="15.5" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="15.0">15–16 mm</quantity>
(including cilia and spine), straw-coloured with purple striations or purple throughout. Median phyllaries oblong or rectangular, 12–17 × ca. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF75FFAB1AE23924F55EF8B2" box="[958,1040,1816,1841]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="103" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
; appendages ovate-triangular, 13–16 × ca. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF75FFAB19963900F052F8D6" box="[202,284,1852,1877]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="103" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
(including cilia and spine), deep purple to blackish in central part. Inner phyllaries lanceolate-oblong or lanceolate-linear, 21–36 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF75FFAB1884395CF318F8FA" box="[472,598,1888,1913]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="103" unit="mm" value="12.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="10.0">10–14 mm</quantity>
; appendages triangular, 12–15 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF75FFAB1A8D395CF50EF8FA" box="[977,1088,1888,1913]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="103" unit="mm" value="9.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="4.0">4–15 mm</quantity>
, blackish. Flowers pink; central florets hermaphroditic, ca. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF75FFAB189C39B8F35FF81E" box="[448,529,1924,1949]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="103" unit="mm" value="65.0">65 mm</quantity>
long, corolla ca. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF75FFAB1B8339B8F27FF81E" box="[735,817,1924,1949]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="103" unit="mm" value="19.0">19 mm</quantity>
long, 5-lobed, lobes ± 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF75FFAB1D1F39B8F5D2F81E" box="[1091,1180,1924,1949]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="103" unit="mm" value="8.5">8.5 mm</quantity>
long; peripheral florets sterile, slightly shorter than central ones, numerous (
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each capitulum) and conspicuous, finely dissected, not radiant, 4-lobed, limb lobes linear, ca. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF75FFAB1B1C39F0F3CCF866" box="[576,642,1996,2021]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="103" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
long. Achenes oblong, 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF75FFAB1ACC39F0F556F866" box="[912,1048,1996,2021]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.35" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="6.2" pageId="103" unit="mm" value="6.35" valueMax="6.5" valueMin="6.2">6.2–6.5 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF75FFAB1D3D39F0F5A4F866" box="[1121,1258,1996,2021]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="103" unit="mm" value="2.7" valueMax="3.2" valueMin="2.2">2.2–3.2 mm</quantity>
wide, yellowish, glabrescent; insertion areole lateral, 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF75FFAB1B7C39CCF3DDF78A" box="[544,659,2032,2057]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="103" unit="mm" value="0.9" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1 mm</quantity>
long. Pappus persistent, multiseriate, scabrous, whitish or pale brown, ca. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF75FFAB19F33628F073F7AE" box="[175,317,2068,2093]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.575" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.55" pageId="103" unit="mm" value="15.75" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="15.5">15.5–16 mm</quantity>
long.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3E666ADF7AFFA419D4399DF295F859" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703608" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13703608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13703608/files/figure.png" pageId="104" startId="104.[136,229,1953,1974]" targetBox="[243,1344,190,1929]" targetPageId="104" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF7AFFA419D4399DF295F859" blockId="104.[136,1451,1953,2010]" pageId="104">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF7AFFA419D4399DF044F835" bold="true" box="[136,266,1953,1974]" pageId="104">FIGURE 71.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF7AFFA41853399DF3EEF835" authority="Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh" authorityName="Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh" authorityYear="2014" box="[271,672,1953,1974]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shehbazii">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF7AFFA41853399DF09BF835" box="[271,469,1953,1974]" italics="true" pageId="104">Centaurea shehbazii</emphasis>
Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF7AFFA41BF2399DF2F7F835" box="[686,953,1953,1974]" italics="true" pageId="104">Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh 28805</emphasis>
, BASU). 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF7AFFA41D45399DF57EF835" bold="true" box="[1049,1072,1953,1974]" pageId="104">A.</emphasis>
close up of capitule. 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF7AFFA41DA1399DF45AF835" bold="true" box="[1277,1300,1953,1974]" pageId="104">B.</emphasis>
median cauline leaves. 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF7AFFA4198C39F9F1A9F859" bold="true" box="[208,231,1989,2010]" pageId="104">C.</emphasis>
habit. 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF7AFFA4187539F9F00FF859" bold="true" box="[297,321,1989,2010]" pageId="104">D.</emphasis>
indumentum of upper part of stem. Scale 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF7AFFA41B8939F9F3A8F859" bold="true" box="[725,742,1989,2010]" pageId="104">A</emphasis>
= 1 cm, 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF7AFFA41A6739F9F205F859" bold="true" box="[827,843,1989,2010]" pageId="104">B</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF7AFFA41A2639F9F2C5F859" bold="true" box="[890,907,1989,2010]" pageId="104">C</emphasis>
= 2 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF3E666ADF7BFFA519D43DF1F5D4FC61" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703612" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13703612" box="[136,1178,973,994]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13703612/files/figure.png" pageId="105" startId="105.[136,229,973,994]" targetBox="[165,1436,213,928]" targetPageId="105" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF7BFFA519D43DF1F5D4FC61" blockId="105.[136,1178,973,994]" box="[136,1178,973,994]" pageId="105">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF7BFFA519D43DF1F04DFC61" bold="true" box="[136,259,973,994]" pageId="105">FIGURE 72</emphasis>
. Distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF7BFFA518FF3DF1F327FC61" authorityName="Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh" authorityYear="2014" box="[419,617,973,994]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shehbazii">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF7BFFA518FF3DF1F327FC61" box="[419,617,973,994]" italics="true" pageId="105">Centaurea shehbazii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(circles), 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF7BFFA51B953DF1F278FC61" box="[713,822,973,994]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="solitaria">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF7BFFA51B953DF1F278FC61" box="[713,822,973,994]" italics="true" pageId="105">C. solitaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(squares), and 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF7BFFA51A953DF1F564FC61" authorityName="Boissier" authorityYear="1849" box="[969,1066,973,994]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spicata">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF7BFFA51A953DF1F564FC61" box="[969,1066,973,994]" italics="true" pageId="105">C. spicata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(triangles).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF7BFFA519E13A2EF3DAFBF0" blockId="105.[136,1452,1042,1787]" pageId="105">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF7BFFA519E13A2EF334FBA8" bold="true" box="[189,634,1042,1067]" pageId="105">Taxonomic and distribution remarks:</emphasis>
— 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF7BFFA51BCA3A2EF235FBA8" authorityName="Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh" authorityYear="2014" box="[662,891,1042,1067]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shehbazii">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF7BFFA51BCA3A2EF235FBA8" box="[662,891,1042,1067]" italics="true" pageId="105">Centaurea shehbazii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<materialsCitation id="3B293CBFDF7BFFA51ADC3A2EF3DEFBF0" collectionCode="W" country="Iran" elevation="1425" location="It" municipality="Irano-Turanian" pageId="105" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kermanshah">
is a rare endemic to 
<collectingRegion id="4985F800DF7BFFA51D003A2EF41BFBA8" box="[1116,1365,1042,1067]" country="Iran" name="Kermanshah" pageId="105">Kermanshah Province</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED50AE27DF7BFFA51C033A2EF437FBA8" box="[1375,1401,1042,1067]" country="Austria" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" name="Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="105" type="Herbarium">W</collectionCode>
<collectingCountry id="F3567672DF7BFFA51C223A2EF4E5FBA8" box="[1406,1451,1042,1067]" name="Iran" pageId="105">Iran</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="137A2A67DF7BFFA519CC3A0AF1ABFBCC" box="[144,229,1078,1103]" captionStart="FIGURE 72" captionStartId="105.[136,229,973,994]" captionTargetBox="[165,1436,213,928]" captionTargetId="figure-14@105.[151,1436,190,948]" captionTargetPageId="105" captionText="FIGURE 72. Distribution of Centaurea shehbazii (circles), C. solitaria (squares), and C. spicata (triangles)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703612" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13703612/files/figure.png" pageId="105">Fig. 72</figureCitation>
). 
<location id="8E9E6039DF7BFFA519A53A0AF044FBCC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E887F4DF75FFA519D43A18F544F978:8E9E6039DF7BFFA519A53A0AF044FBCC" box="[249,266,1078,1103]" country="Iran" municipality="Irano-Turanian" name="It" pageId="105" stateProvince="Kermanshah">It</location>
is an 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9AAC98DF7BFFA518113A0AF0B8FBCC" box="[333,502,1078,1103]" pageId="105">Irano-Turanian</collectingMunicipality>
element, and grows on stony slopes, fallow fields and along roadsides, at elevations of 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF7BFFA519FA3A66F00FFBF0" box="[166,321,1114,1139]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.425" metricValueMax="1.45" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="105" unit="m" value="1425.0" valueMax="1450.0" valueMin="1400.0">
<elevation id="006CD1D1DF7BFFA519FA3A66F00FFBF0" box="[166,321,1114,1139]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.425" metricValueMax="1.45" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="105" unit="m" value="1425.0" valueMax="1450.0" valueMin="1400.0">1400–1450 m</elevation>
</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B13DF7BFFA518133A66F3C6FBF0" author="Ranjbar, M. &amp; Negaresh, K." box="[335,648,1114,1139]" pageId="105" pagination="51 - 56" refId="ref68791" refString="Ranjbar, M. &amp; Negaresh, K. (2014 a) The genus Centaurea (Asteraceae, Cardueae) in Iran: two new species and a lectotypification. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 71 (1): 51 - 56." type="journal article" year="2014">Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh 2014a</bibRefCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF7BFFA519E13A42F5ACF90C" blockId="105.[136,1452,1042,1787]" pageId="105">
This species is similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF7BFFA518B83A42F3ADFB14" authorityName="Negaresh" authorityYear="2018" box="[484,739,1150,1175]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="regia" variety="purpurea">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF7BFFA518B83A42F30FFB14" box="[484,577,1150,1175]" italics="true" pageId="105">C. regia</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF7BFFA51B203A42F3ADFB14" box="[636,739,1150,1175]" italics="true" pageId="105">purpurea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its length of spine, color of flowers and length of achenes. However, it differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF7BFFA518F33A9EF3FBFB38" authorityName="Negaresh" authorityYear="2018" box="[431,693,1186,1211]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="regia" variety="purpurea">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF7BFFA518F33A9EF340FB38" box="[431,526,1186,1211]" italics="true" pageId="105">C. regia</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF7BFFA51B123A9EF3FBFB38" box="[590,693,1186,1211]" italics="true" pageId="105">purpurea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its involucres 40–45 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF7BFFA51AA43A9EF53BFB38" box="[1016,1141,1186,1211]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="105" unit="mm" value="35.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="30.0">30–40 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF7BFFA51DD53A9EF5EEFB38" box="[1161,1184,1186,1211]" italics="true" pageId="105">vs</emphasis>
. 40–55 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF7BFFA51C423A9EF4D1FB38" box="[1310,1439,1186,1211]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="105" unit="mm" value="50.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="40.0">40–60 mm</quantity>
), appendages concealing basal part of phyllaries only, shortly ovate or ovate-triangular (
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF7BFFA51D193AFAF512FB5C" box="[1093,1116,1222,1247]" italics="true" pageId="105">vs</emphasis>
. totally concealing phyllaries, ovate or broadly triangular), cilia 8–12 (
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF7BFFA51B1A3AD6F313FA80" box="[582,605,1258,1283]" italics="true" pageId="105">vs</emphasis>
. 10–17) on each side, spine purplish or blackish (
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF7BFFA51DD83AD6F5D5FA80" box="[1156,1179,1258,1283]" italics="true" pageId="105">vs</emphasis>
. whitish or pale brown), and also median appendages 13–16 × ca. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF7BFFA51B083B32F3ECFAA4" box="[596,674,1294,1319]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="105" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF7BFFA51BED3B32F386FAA4" box="[689,712,1294,1319]" italics="true" pageId="105">vs</emphasis>
. ca. 20–25 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF7BFFA51A023B32F294FAA4" box="[862,986,1294,1319]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="105" unit="mm" value="22.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="20.0">20–25 mm</quantity>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF7BFFA51AB03B32F59FFAA4" authorityName="Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh" authorityYear="2014" box="[1004,1233,1294,1319]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shehbazii">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF7BFFA51AB03B32F59FFAA4" box="[1004,1233,1294,1319]" italics="true" pageId="105">Centaurea shehbazii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also related to 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF7BFFA51CCE3B32F048FAC8" authorityName="Wagenitz" authorityYear="1960" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="haradjianii">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF7BFFA51CCE3B32F048FAC8" italics="true" pageId="105">C. haradjianii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, especially because of phyllaries densely lanate-tomentose, appendages concealing part of phyllaries only and flower pink. However, it differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF7BFFA51B3D3B6AF24EFAEC" authorityName="Wagenitz" authorityYear="1960" box="[609,768,1366,1391]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="haradjianii">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF7BFFA51B3D3B6AF33AFAEC" box="[609,628,1366,1391]" italics="true" pageId="105">C</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF7BFFA51BDE3B6AF24EFAEC" box="[642,768,1366,1391]" italics="true" pageId="105">haradjianii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its stem up to 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF7BFFA51A983B6AF547FAEC" box="[964,1033,1366,1391]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="105" unit="cm" value="60.0">60 cm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF7BFFA51D463B6AF57FFAEC" box="[1050,1073,1366,1391]" italics="true" pageId="105">vs</emphasis>
. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF7BFFA51D1C3B6AF58EFAEC" box="[1088,1216,1366,1391]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="105" unit="cm" value="85.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="70.0">70–100 cm</quantity>
) tall, median cauline leaves sessile, oblanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF7BFFA51BF33B46F269FA10" box="[687,807,1402,1427]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.25" metricValueMax="10.5" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="105" unit="cm" value="8.25" valueMax="10.5" valueMin="6.0">6–10.5 cm</quantity>
wide, decurrent, up to 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF7BFFA51D683B46F5C8FA10" box="[1076,1158,1402,1427]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="105" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
along stem (
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF7BFFA51C413B46F47AFA10" box="[1309,1332,1402,1427]" italics="true" pageId="105">vs</emphasis>
. petiolate, lanceolate, 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF7BFFA5185B3BA2F014FA34" box="[263,346,1438,1463]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="105" unit="cm" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2–5 cm</quantity>
wide, not decurrent), involucres 40–45 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF7BFFA51A733BA2F2E6FA34" box="[815,936,1438,1463]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="105" unit="mm" value="35.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="30.0">30–40 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF7BFFA51AE43BA2F281FA34" box="[952,975,1438,1463]" italics="true" pageId="105">vs</emphasis>
. 25–32 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF7BFFA51D1C3BA2F5F3FA34" box="[1088,1213,1438,1463]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="105" unit="mm" value="21.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="17.0">17–25 mm</quantity>
), median appendages ca. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF7BFFA519EC3BFEF04EFA58" box="[176,256,1474,1499]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="105" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
wide (
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF7BFFA518133BFEF028FA58" box="[335,358,1474,1499]" italics="true" pageId="105">vs</emphasis>
. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF7BFFA5182A3BFEF0A1FA58" box="[374,495,1474,1499]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="105" unit="mm" value="10.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="10.0">10–11 mm</quantity>
wide), flowers ca. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF7BFFA51B953BFEF257FA58" box="[713,793,1474,1499]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="105" unit="mm" value="65.0">65 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF7BFFA51A763BFEF20FFA58" box="[810,833,1474,1499]" italics="true" pageId="105">vs</emphasis>
. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF7BFFA51A0C3BFEF285FA58" box="[848,971,1474,1499]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="105" unit="mm" value="29.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="28.0">28–30 mm</quantity>
) long, achenes 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF7BFFA51D203BFEF44AFA58" box="[1148,1284,1474,1499]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.35" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="6.2" pageId="105" unit="mm" value="6.35" valueMax="6.5" valueMin="6.2">6.2–6.5 mm</quantity>
long (
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF7BFFA51C133BFEF428FA58" box="[1359,1382,1474,1499]" italics="true" pageId="105">vs</emphasis>
. ca. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF7BFFA51CC13BFEF1FAFA7C" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="105" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
long), and also pappus ca. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF7BFFA518823BDAF325FA7C" box="[478,619,1510,1535]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.575" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.55" pageId="105" unit="mm" value="15.75" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="15.5">15.5–16 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF7BFFA51B263BDAF3DFFA7C" box="[634,657,1510,1535]" italics="true" pageId="105">vs</emphasis>
. ca. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF7BFFA51B983BDAF25DFA7C" box="[708,787,1510,1535]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="105" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
) long. In addition, 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF7BFFA51ABA3BDAF521FA7C" authorityName="Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh" authorityYear="2014" box="[998,1135,1510,1535]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shehbazii">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF7BFFA51ABA3BDAF521FA7C" box="[998,1135,1510,1535]" italics="true" pageId="105">C. shehbazii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares some characters with 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF7BFFA519D43836F050F9A0" authorityName="Huber-Morath" authorityYear="1967" box="[136,286,1546,1571]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amanicola">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF7BFFA519D43836F050F9A0" box="[136,286,1546,1571]" italics="true" pageId="105">C. amanicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
such as shape of involucres, length of spine and color of appendages, but differs from it by its involucres 40–45 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF7BFFA519B33812F024F9C4" box="[239,362,1582,1607]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="105" unit="mm" value="35.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="30.0">30–40 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF7BFFA518203812F0DDF9C4" box="[380,403,1582,1607]" italics="true" pageId="105">vs</emphasis>
. 27–35 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF7BFFA51B563812F3C7F9C4" box="[522,649,1582,1607]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="105" unit="mm" value="27.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="25.0">25–30 mm</quantity>
), appendages concealing basal part of phyllaries only, shortly ovate or ovate-triangular (
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF7BFFA51817386EF02CF9E8" box="[331,354,1618,1643]" italics="true" pageId="105">vs</emphasis>
. totally concealing phyllaries, broadly triangular to orbicular), cilia 8–12 (
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF7BFFA51DC2386EF5FBF9E8" box="[1182,1205,1618,1643]" italics="true" pageId="105">vs</emphasis>
. 12–16(–20)) on each side, flowers ca. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF7BFFA51819384AF0DAF90C" box="[325,404,1654,1679]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="105" unit="mm" value="65.0">65 mm</quantity>
long (
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF7BFFA51881384AF0BAF90C" box="[477,500,1654,1679]" italics="true" pageId="105">vs</emphasis>
. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF7BFFA51B5E384AF335F90C" box="[514,635,1654,1679]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="105" unit="mm" value="33.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="32.0">32–35 mm</quantity>
long), and also pappus ca. 15.5–16 (
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF7BFFA51D4B384AF560F90C" box="[1047,1070,1654,1679]" italics="true" pageId="105">vs</emphasis>
. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF7BFFA51D60384AF5D4F90C" box="[1084,1178,1654,1679]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="105" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="8.0">8–9 mm</quantity>
) long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF7BFFA519E138A6F327F930" blockId="105.[136,1452,1042,1787]" box="[189,617,1690,1715]" pageId="105">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF7BFFA519E138A6F099F930" bold="true" box="[189,471,1690,1715]" pageId="105">Chromosome numbers:</emphasis>
—Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35B6569DF7BFFA519E13882F544F978" pageId="105" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF7BFFA519E13882F544F978" blockId="105.[136,1452,1042,1787]" pageId="105">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF7BFFA519E13882F30DF954" bold="true" box="[189,579,1726,1751]" pageId="105">Selected specimens examined:—</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B293CBFDF7BFFA51B1F3882F548F978" collectingDate="2017-06-16" collectionCode="RUH" country="Iran" elevation="1370" latitude="34.717888" location="Sardem village" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="46.67739" municipality="Ravansar" pageId="105" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kermanshah">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF7BFFA51B1F3882F3C5F954" bold="true" box="[579,651,1726,1751]" pageId="105">
<collectingCountry id="F3567672DF7BFFA51B1F3882F3C5F954" box="[579,651,1726,1751]" name="Iran" pageId="105">IRAN</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
. Prov. 
<collectingRegion id="4985F800DF7BFFA51B813882F221F954" box="[733,879,1726,1751]" country="Iran" name="Kermanshah" pageId="105">Kermanshah</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9AAC98DF7BFFA51A273882F2ADF954" box="[891,995,1726,1751]" pageId="105">Ravansar</collectingMunicipality>
toward 
<location id="8E9E6039DF7BFFA51D1F3882F5BEF954" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E887F4DF75FFA519D43A18F544F978:8E9E6039DF7BFFA51D1F3882F5BEF954" box="[1091,1264,1726,1751]" country="Iran" latitude="34.717888" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="46.67739" municipality="Ravansar" name="Sardem village" pageId="105" stateProvince="Kermanshah">Sardem village</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE755025DF7BFFA51DA23882F4E9F954" box="[1278,1447,1726,1751]" degrees="34" direction="north" minutes="43" orientation="latitude" pageId="105" precision="1" seconds="4.4" value="34.717888">34° 43′ 4.4″ N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE755025DF7BFFA519D438DEF078F978" box="[136,310,1762,1787]" degrees="46" direction="east" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" pageId="105" precision="1" seconds="38.6" value="46.67739">46° 40′ 38.6″ E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF7BFFA5181E38DEF0D7F978" box="[322,409,1762,1787]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3699999999999999" pageId="105" unit="m" value="1370.0">
<elevation id="006CD1D1DF7BFFA5181E38DEF0D7F978" box="[322,409,1762,1787]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3699999999999999" pageId="105" unit="m" value="1370.0">1370 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFFF1022DF7BFFA518F938DEF373F978" box="[421,573,1762,1787]" pageId="105" value="2017-06-16">
<collectingDate id="EFBBE9CADF7BFFA518F938DEF373F978" box="[421,573,1762,1787]" pageId="105" value="2017-06-16">16 June 2017</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF7BFFA51B1438DEF3AAF978" box="[584,740,1762,1787]" italics="true" pageId="105">Negaresh 177</emphasis>
(herb. Negaresh!, 
<collectionCode id="ED50AE27DF7BFFA51AE938DEF2B4F978" box="[949,1018,1762,1787]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15206" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15206" name="Rhodes University" pageId="105" type="Herbarium">RUH</collectionCode>
!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>