treatments-xml/data/03/E8/87/03E887F4DF57FF8919D43E9CF327F842.xml

254 lines
31 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="49C2446DBC63D1CC934A4D7ADE73FD91" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.363.1.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13703414" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725581356715" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Negaresh, Kazem &amp; Rahiminejad, Mohammad Reza" docDate="2018" docId="03E887F4DF57FF8919D43E9CF327F842" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.363.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 363 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.363.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0.4:Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleId="F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Centaurea karamianiae Negaresh 2014" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="450" masterDocId="FFD1FF8CDF12FFCC195C3E3CF14EFF83" masterDocTitle="A revision of Centaurea sect. Cynaroides (Asteraceae, Cardueae-Centaureinae)" masterLastPageNumber="450" masterPageNumber="448" pageNumber="448" updateTime="1725593506943" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="876D79477C9C948E93B99443A60F9F1A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="A013928BE0BEB251F3516F5D53E2D748">
<mods:title id="95704C51A51EC62951791C30F00D46CA">A revision of Centaurea sect. Cynaroides (Asteraceae, Cardueae-Centaureinae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="B935D5AC1E08AF72C9512E8BDD80EAB2" type="personal">
<mods:role id="20EB47240E7B537C35D6C0004476F5D4">
<mods:roleTerm id="7CB7C9C37CDF75DE3C6786E5A1379602">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="3494D0D324CF524A82B2340C941A02D7">Negaresh, Kazem</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4C87E9AA4F485BCFD6BE362CBF264E92">Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran. (* Corresponding author e-mail: negaresh @ ramin. ac. ir)</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5E91F626F2CB58A481E82740DA1138D3" type="email">negaresh@ramin.ac.ir</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="4F5EDFA7DD500CF479F6B546C97FB23C" type="personal">
<mods:role id="40F6F1A8520BCA4EA5A4CD2572CCD74E">
<mods:roleTerm id="ACEF144DF56584A7F44D2BB039B5E7F5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="7DE6108519B081119A903DFD91AA28AD">Rahiminejad, Mohammad Reza</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="763CE09C7F6F4D9F601B678BD0B0A923">Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran. (* Corresponding author e-mail: negaresh @ ramin. ac. ir) &amp; Department of Biology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746 - 73441, Iran. &amp; Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran. (* Corresponding author e-mail: negaresh @ ramin. ac. ir)</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="305CD142643C75098CEE59F77E06A3C4" type="email">negaresh@ramin.ac.ir</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="8B0DE0894BAC4C16AEC52730AB0488A5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="6290594345B149DD21901C7080D8CD9A" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="0D8B22CB9658975A00044166122E4C8F">
<mods:title id="330A9E298AF6E5F3E3BE8C55ABCF5059">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="35063306F90D27DFA694792453D26F9C">
<mods:date id="9952E0035B82789728EFB689E2F1FC81">2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="90D03B43C2F35EB9FB5109E628011F52" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="FB465152D645940FAB785F6BD1C5A93E">2018-08-02</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="0C4CB9BDF0ADAB935FA8399F6F7D4BD6" type="volume">
<mods:number id="041509E502DC40AF5D14586AB4F72901">363</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="451888093D09D61310797D3253069E80" type="issue">
<mods:number id="6DDBA17FB0022DD43255A6B0218DC742">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="045C308A037BAFB9AA57FC8B0CAA6C14" unit="page">
<mods:start id="AEE50F60184C65E0E7F2E7E03290047B">448</mods:start>
<mods:end id="EC40CF3BED54332C802A8344E41BF7BA">450</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="BB97AB9366242A1C0305A1E6C6488559">
<mods:url id="AA81FACFA2C155FD253E2AE127029BA7">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.363.1.1</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="4DF56F1B7008DB9B8D216ADFB3F36A1A">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="41317324F89011E0CBAB4BA1265BAC78" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.363.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="63D1CFEF461216084D53161123038329" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3695920953B46A56582680E281DA2C3F" type="Zenodo-Dep">13703414</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03E887F4DF57FF8919D43E9CF327F842" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703762" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13703762" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E887F4DF57FF8919D43E9CF327F842" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E887F4DF57FF8919D43E9CF327F842" pageId="69">
<subSubSection id="C35B6569DF57FF8919D43E9CF53FFF5E" pageId="69" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF57FF8919D43E9CF53FFF5E" blockId="69.[136,1451,158,221]" pageId="69">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF57FF8919D43E9CF1E5FF3A" bold="true" box="[136,171,160,185]" pageId="69">21.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF57FF8919EF3EA2F386FF3A" ID-CoL="S6SZ" authority="Negaresh (2014: 230)" authorityName="Negaresh" authorityPageNumber="230" authorityYear="2014" box="[179,712,158,185]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="karamianiae">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF57FF8919EF3EA2F088FF3A" bold="true" box="[179,454,158,185]" italics="true" pageId="69">Centaurea karamianiae</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B293CBFDF57FF8918933E9CF386FF3A" box="[463,712,160,185]" collectingDate="2012-06-31" collectionCode="BASU" collectorName="Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh" country="Iran" elevation="1375" location="Kamyaran" municipality="Type" pageId="69" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kermanshah" typeStatus="holotype">Negaresh (2014: 230)</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9AAC98DF57FF891B8F3E9CF240FF3A" box="[723,782,160,185]" pageId="69">Type</collectingMunicipality>
:—
<collectingCountry id="F3567672DF57FF891A733E9CF239FF3A" box="[815,887,160,185]" name="Iran" pageId="69">IRAN</collectingCountry>
. Prov.
<collectingRegion id="4985F800DF57FF891A983E9CF518FF3A" box="[964,1110,160,185]" country="Iran" name="Kermanshah" pageId="69">Kermanshah</collectingRegion>
:
<location id="8E9E6039DF57FF891D3D3E9CF597FF3A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E887F4DF57FF8919D43E9CF327F842:8E9E6039DF57FF891D3D3E9CF597FF3A" box="[1121,1241,160,185]" country="Iran" municipality="Type" name="Kamyaran" pageId="69" stateProvince="Kermanshah">Kamyaran</location>
,
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF57FF891DB93E9CF4CDFF3A" box="[1253,1411,160,185]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.375" metricValueMax="1.45" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="69" unit="m" value="1375.0" valueMax="1450.0" valueMin="1300.0">
<elevation id="006CD1D1DF57FF891DB93E9CF4CDFF3A" box="[1253,1411,160,185]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.375" metricValueMax="1.45" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="69" unit="m" value="1375.0" valueMax="1450.0" valueMin="1300.0">13001450 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFFF1022DF57FF891CD33E9CF1B3FF5E" pageId="69" value="2012-06-31">
<collectingDate id="EFBBE9CADF57FF891CD33E9CF1B3FF5E" pageId="69" value="2012-06-31">31 June 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF57FF8918543EF8F371FF5E" box="[264,575,196,221]" italics="true" pageId="69">
<collectorName id="26B45334DF57FF8918543EF8F02AFF5E" box="[264,356,196,221]" pageId="69">Ranjbar</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26B45334DF57FF8918D43EF8F0BCFF5E" box="[392,498,196,221]" pageId="69">Negaresh</collectorName>
28690
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="54FA8840DF57FF891B123EF8F3FCFF5E" box="[590,690,196,221]" pageId="69" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
BASU!, photo herb. Negaresh).
<figureCitation id="137A2A67DF57FF891D7E3EF8F53FFF5E" box="[1058,1137,196,221]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="70.[136,229,1946,1967]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,190,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@70.[151,1436,190,1921]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURE 46. Centaurea karamianiae Negaresh (Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh 28690, BASU). A. close up of capitule. B. inflorescence. C. habit and habitat. D. leaves. Scale A and B = 2 cm, C = 6 cm, D = 4 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703528" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13703528/files/figure.png" pageId="69">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35B6569DF57FF8919D43F30F327F842" pageId="69" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF57FF8919D43F30F014FABA" blockId="69.[136,1453,268,1985]" pageId="69">
Biennial plants, with thick fleshy taproot, whole plant usually green,
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF57FF891ADC3F30F544FEA6" box="[896,1034,268,293]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="69" unit="cm" value="170.0" valueMax="180.0" valueMin="160.0">160180 cm</quantity>
tall; collar of fibrous petiolar remains present at stem base. Stem erect, usually simple, stout, ca.
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF57FF891A7E3F0CF23CFECA" box="[802,882,304,329]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="69" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
in diam. at base, cylindrical, with thick and white striations, loosely leafy throughout, lower part reddish and glabrescent, median part sparsely covered with hirsute-articulate and scattered arachnoid hairs, upper part sparsely covered with arachnoid hairs to subglabrous. Leaves stiff, papyraceous (on drying), loosely covered with hirsute-articulate hairs, especially on midrib and veins, up to
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF57FF891CC23FA0F1FAFE5A" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="69" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
long, somewhat heteromorphic in length, and with minute gland hairs. Basal leaves very large, broadly cordate, 4550 ×
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF57FF8919B73FD8F012FE7E" box="[235,348,484,509]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="69" unit="cm" value="22.0" valueMax="26.0" valueMin="18.0">1826 cm</quantity>
, with a
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF57FF8918EE3FD8F36EFE7E" box="[434,544,484,509]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="69" unit="cm" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">1520 cm</quantity>
petiole, entire, obtuse to subacute at apex. Lower cauline leaves with a
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF57FF891C613FD8F4E5FE7E" box="[1341,1451,484,509]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="69" unit="cm" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">1520 cm</quantity>
petiole, broadly cordate-ovate or broadly cordate-lanceolate, 4250 ×
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF57FF891AC83C34F548FDA2" box="[916,1030,520,545]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="69" unit="cm" value="22.5" valueMax="26.0" valueMin="19.0">1926 cm</quantity>
, with basal auricles, margin scabrous, rounded or obtuse at apex. Median cauline leaves sessile, broadly oblanceolate or pandurate, 2438 ×
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF57FF891C6E3C10F4E9FDC6" box="[1330,1447,556,581]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="69" unit="cm" value="17.5" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="13.0">1322 cm</quantity>
, winged or broadly decurrent, up to
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF57FF891B4B3C6CF33BFDEA" box="[535,629,592,617]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="69" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 mm</quantity>
along stem, margins scabrous, obtuse to subacute at apex. Upper cauline leaves increasingly smaller, sessile, simple, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 613 ×
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF57FF891D713C48F5E1FD0E" box="[1069,1199,628,653]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="69" unit="cm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="1.5">1.54.5 cm</quantity>
, loosely covered with hirsute-articulate and sparsely arachnoid hairs, narrowly decurrent, up to
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF57FF891A953CA4F557FD32" box="[969,1049,664,689]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="69" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
along stem, some of the leaves not decurrent, margin subscabrous, acuminate at apex. Capitula numerous, 24 to 26, arranged in a raceme, borne on long leafless peduncles, upper peduncles
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF57FF891B433CDCF3C0FD7A" box="[543,654,736,761]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="69" unit="cm" value="19.0" valueMax="23.0" valueMin="15.0">1523 cm</quantity>
long, median peduncles with 23 heads, sometimes with bracts similar to phyllaries with small stramineous and chaffy appendages. Involucres globose, convex at base, 3540 ×
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF57FF891C393D38F1F9FCC2" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="69" unit="mm" value="40.0" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="35.0">3545 mm</quantity>
. Phyllaries multiseriate, green in vivo, yellow-greenish in sicco, imbricate, coriaceous-scarious, densely lanate-tomentose, up to
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF57FF89181A3D70F0D4FCE6" box="[326,410,844,869]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="69" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
long; appendages small, rigid, concealing a minor part of phyllaries, straw-coloured with pale brown nerves or dirty white, inner ones brownish, not decurrent. Outer phyllaries ovate, 69 ×
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF57FF891DF53D4CF450FC0A" box="[1193,1310,880,905]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.75" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="69" unit="mm" value="7.75" valueMax="8.5" valueMin="7.0">78.5 mm</quantity>
; appendages triangular, 7.59 ×
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF57FF8918033DA8F0F2FC2E" box="[351,444,916,941]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="69" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">46 mm</quantity>
(including cilia and spine), with 45 (
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF57FF891A343DA8F2BCFC2E" box="[872,1010,916,941]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="69" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="0.5">0.52.5 mm</quantity>
) cilia on each side, gradually narrowed into a
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF57FF8919913D84F064FC52" box="[205,298,952,977]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="69" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">45 mm</quantity>
spine. Median phyllaries broadly ovate to oblong, 1215 ×
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF57FF891A993D84F50FFC52" box="[965,1089,952,977]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="69" unit="mm" value="11.5" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="10.0">1013 mm</quantity>
; appendages triangular, 1012 ×
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF57FF8919D43DE0F1A8FC76" box="[136,230,988,1013]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="69" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">56 mm</quantity>
(including cilia and spine), with 23 (
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF57FF891BCA3DE0F3BBFC76" box="[662,757,988,1013]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="69" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">12 mm</quantity>
) cilia on each side, or entire, gradually narrowed into a
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF57FF891C313DE0F1FAFB9A" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="69" unit="mm" value="5.25" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.5">4.56 mm</quantity>
spine. Inner phyllaries broadly lanceolate, 1630 ×
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF57FF891BA53A3CF23BFB9A" box="[761,885,1024,1049]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="69" unit="mm" value="14.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="13.0">1315 mm</quantity>
; appendages narrowly lanceolate, 1215 ×
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF57FF891C043A3CF1F8FBBE" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="69" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="1.5">1.53.5 mm</quantity>
, entire but sometimes fringed. Flowers white in vivo, sulphur in sicco; central florets hermaphroditic, ca.
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF57FF891C013A18F4E2FBBE" box="[1373,1452,1060,1085]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="69" unit="mm" value="55.0">55 mm</quantity>
long, corolla ca.
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF57FF89181C3A74F0C3FBE2" box="[320,397,1096,1121]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="69" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
long, 5-lobed, lobes ca.
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF57FF891BC63A74F394FBE2" box="[666,730,1096,1121]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="69" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
long, with orange nerves, anther tube white, style slightly shorter than corolla, stigma bifid, ca.
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF57FF8918BD3A50F377FB06" box="[481,569,1132,1157]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="69" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
long, exserted part from corolla up to
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF57FF891AA63A50F50EFB06" box="[1018,1088,1132,1157]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="69" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
; peripheral florets sterile, much shorter than central ones, very few (
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF57FF891B7F3AACF322FB2A" box="[547,620,1168,1193]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" metricValueMax="7.62" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="69" unit="in" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">13 in</quantity>
each capitulum) and very inconspicuous, finely dissected, not radiant, 5- lobed, limb lobe linear to narrowly lanceolate, ca.
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF57FF891BE13A88F3B0FB4E" box="[701,766,1204,1229]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="69" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
long. Achenes lanceolate-oblong,
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF57FF891DDE3A88F5BAFB4E" box="[1154,1268,1204,1229]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.75" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.5" pageId="69" unit="mm" value="8.75" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="8.5">8.59 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF57FF891C663A88F4E3FB4E" box="[1338,1453,1204,1229]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="69" unit="mm" value="4.25" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="4.0">44.5 mm</quantity>
wide, smooth and shiny, whitish or yellowish, rounded at apex, glabrescent; insertion areole lateral,
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF57FF891DA43AE4F425FB72" box="[1272,1387,1240,1265]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="69" unit="mm" value="0.9" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.8">0.81 mm</quantity>
long. Pappus persistent, multiseriate, scabrous, white and pale purple, pappus ca.
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF57FF891A8E3AC0F56FFA96" box="[978,1057,1276,1301]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="69" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
long, bristles of inner rows slightly longer than others.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF57FF8919E13B78F2A5FA4A" blockId="69.[136,1453,268,1985]" pageId="69">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF57FF8919E13B78F336FADE" bold="true" box="[189,632,1348,1373]" pageId="69">Taxonomic and distribution remarks:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF57FF891BC83B78F2D2FADE" authorityName="Negaresh" authorityYear="2014" box="[660,924,1348,1373]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="karamianiae">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF57FF891BC83B78F2D2FADE" box="[660,924,1348,1373]" italics="true" pageId="69">Centaurea karamianiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a very rare endemic to
<collectingRegion id="4985F800DF57FF891DF23B78F4E9FADE" box="[1198,1447,1348,1373]" country="Iran" name="Kermanshah" pageId="69">Kermanshah Province</collectingRegion>
, W
<collectingCountry id="F3567672DF57FF8919F73B54F196FA02" box="[171,216,1384,1409]" name="Iran" pageId="69">Iran</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="137A2A67DF57FF8919B53B54F071FA02" box="[233,319,1384,1409]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="71.[136,229,960,981]" captionTargetBox="[166,1384,198,911]" captionTargetId="figure-14@71.[151,1436,175,935]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="FIGURE 47. Distribution of Centaurea karamianiae (circles), C. kurdica subsp. kurdica (squares), and C. kurdica subsp. ciliata (triangles)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703532" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13703532/files/figure.png" pageId="69">Fig. 47</figureCitation>
). It is an Irano-Turanian element, and grows on fallow fields and roadsides, at elevations of
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF57FF891C393B54F1AEFA26" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.375" metricValueMax="1.45" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="69" unit="m" value="1375.0" valueMax="1450.0" valueMin="1300.0">1300 1450 m</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="137A2A67DF57FF8919AD3BB0F016FA26" box="[241,344,1420,1445]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="70.[136,229,1946,1967]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,190,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@70.[151,1436,190,1921]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURE 46. Centaurea karamianiae Negaresh (Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh 28690, BASU). A. close up of capitule. B. inflorescence. C. habit and habitat. D. leaves. Scale A and B = 2 cm, C = 6 cm, D = 4 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703528" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13703528/files/figure.png" pageId="69">Fig. 46C</figureCitation>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B13DF57FF89182D3BB0F395FA26" author="Negaresh, K. &amp; Rahiminejad, M. R." box="[369,731,1420,1445]" pageId="69" pagination="229 - 244" refId="ref67972" refString="Negaresh, K. &amp; Rahiminejad, M. R. (2014) A contribution to the taxonomy of Centaurea sect. Cynaroides (Asteraceae, Cardueae - Centaureinae) in Iran. Phytotaxa 158 (3): 229 - 244. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 158.3.3" type="journal article" year="2014">Negaresh &amp; Rahiminejad 2014</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF57FF891BB33BB0F2B2FA26" authorityName="Negaresh" authorityYear="2014" box="[751,1020,1420,1445]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="karamianiae">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF57FF891BB33BB0F2B2FA26" box="[751,1020,1420,1445]" italics="true" pageId="69">Centaurea karamianiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only known from the
<typeStatus id="54FA8840DF57FF891C423BB0F400FA26" box="[1310,1358,1420,1445]" pageId="69">type</typeStatus>
locality (Kamyaran) in Shahu Mountains. It closely resembles
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF57FF891BB73B8CF228FA4A" authorityName="Negaresh" authorityYear="2014" box="[747,870,1456,1481]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alfonsoi">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF57FF891BB73B8CF228FA4A" box="[747,870,1456,1481]" italics="true" pageId="69">C. alfonsoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its habit.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF57FF8919E13BE8F33BF81E" blockId="69.[136,1453,268,1985]" pageId="69">
In addition,
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF57FF89181E3BE8F0BEFA6E" authorityName="Negaresh" authorityYear="2014" box="[322,496,1492,1517]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="karamianiae">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF57FF89181E3BE8F0BEFA6E" box="[322,496,1492,1517]" italics="true" pageId="69">C. karamianiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares some characters such as indumentum of stem, color of flowers and appendages, number and status of peripheral florets with
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF57FF891BC03BC4F50BF992" box="[668,1093,1528,1553]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="amadanensis" subSpecies="amadanensis">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF57FF891BC03BC4F21AF992" box="[668,852,1528,1553]" italics="true" pageId="69">C. amadanensis</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF57FF891AEF3BC4F50BF992" box="[947,1093,1528,1553]" italics="true" pageId="69">amadanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, it markedly differs from the latter in basal leaves broadly cordate, undivided, 4550 ×
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF57FF891AD43820F2B6F9B6" box="[904,1016,1564,1589]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="69" unit="cm" value="22.0" valueMax="26.0" valueMin="18.0">1826 cm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF57FF891D563820F56FF9B6" box="[1034,1057,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="69">vs</emphasis>
. ovate-triangular or cordate-ovate, sometimes lyrate, terminal segments very larger, 1320 × (8)
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF57FF891A61387CF2FFF9DA" box="[829,945,1600,1625]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="69" unit="cm" value="13.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="12.0">1215 cm</quantity>
), median cauline leaves broadly oblanceolate or pandurate, 2438 ×
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF57FF8918D43858F0B9F9FE" box="[392,503,1636,1661]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="69" unit="cm" value="17.5" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="13.0">1322 cm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF57FF891B543858F351F9FE" box="[520,543,1636,1661]" italics="true" pageId="69">vs</emphasis>
. broadly lanceolate, oblong to oblong-subpandurate, (8)1014(18) ×
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF57FF891C1B3858F4D1F9FE" box="[1351,1439,1636,1661]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="69" unit="cm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">24 cm</quantity>
), capitula 24 to 26, arranged in a raceme, borne on long leafless peduncles, upper peduncles
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF57FF891DC238B4F441F922" box="[1182,1295,1672,1697]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="69" unit="cm" value="19.0" valueMax="23.0" valueMin="15.0">1523 cm</quantity>
long, median peduncles with 23 heads (
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF57FF8918E03890F09DF946" box="[444,467,1708,1733]" italics="true" pageId="69">vs</emphasis>
. (2)5 to 15(50), usually arranged in a raceme but sometimes in a raceme-dichasium, or upper capitula arranged in a raceme and lowest ones arranged in a dichasium, upper capitula sessile or with short peduncule, gradually longer towards base, up to 20(30) cm long, lowest sometimes with 25 heads), involucres globose, 3540 ×
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF57FF89180F3924F083F8B2" box="[339,461,1816,1841]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="69" unit="mm" value="40.0" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="35.0">3545 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF57FF8918813924F0BAF8B2" box="[477,500,1816,1841]" italics="true" pageId="69">vs</emphasis>
. ovoid or obconical, 2535 × 2230(35) mm), phyllaries with distinct appendages, appendages usually ciliate and triangular or lanceolate (
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF57FF891BA63900F25FF8D6" box="[762,785,1852,1877]" italics="true" pageId="69">vs</emphasis>
. only with
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF57FF891ACD3900F2B3F8D6" box="[913,1021,1852,1877]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="69" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="5.0">520 mm</quantity>
spine, entire, rarely fringed in above), flowers ca.
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF57FF891850395CF013F8FA" box="[268,349,1888,1913]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="69" unit="mm" value="55.0">55 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF57FF891832395CF0CBF8FA" box="[366,389,1888,1913]" italics="true" pageId="69">vs</emphasis>
.
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF57FF8918C8395CF341F8FA" box="[404,527,1888,1913]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="69" unit="mm" value="39.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="38.0">3840 mm</quantity>
) long, anther tube color white (
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF57FF891A25395CF2DEF8FA" box="[889,912,1888,1913]" italics="true" pageId="69">vs</emphasis>
. pink), and also achenes
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF57FF891DEC395CF46AF8FA" box="[1200,1316,1888,1913]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.75" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.5" pageId="69" unit="mm" value="8.75" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="8.5">8.59 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF57FF891C30395CF1FAF81E" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="69" unit="mm" value="4.25" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="4.0">44.5 mm</quantity>
wide (
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF57FF89185D39B8F056F81E" box="[257,280,1924,1949]" italics="true" pageId="69">vs</emphasis>
.
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF57FF89187B39B8F0CAF81E" box="[295,388,1924,1949]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="69" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="6.0">68 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF57FF89189639B8F369F81E" box="[458,551,1924,1949]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="69" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">34 mm</quantity>
wide).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF57FF8919E13994F327F842" blockId="69.[136,1453,268,1985]" box="[189,617,1960,1985]" pageId="69">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF57FF8919E13994F099F842" bold="true" box="[189,471,1960,1985]" pageId="69">Chromosome numbers:</emphasis>
—Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>