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<document id="056AB0C74F19E74CD5CB905CE0869C09" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.363.1.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13703414" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725581356715" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Negaresh, Kazem &amp; Rahiminejad, Mohammad Reza" docDate="2018" docId="03E887F4DF0EFFD319D438B3F575FE12" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.363.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 363 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.363.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0.4:Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleId="F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Centaurea cataonica Boissier &amp; Haussknecht" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="450" masterDocId="FFD1FF8CDF12FFCC195C3E3CF14EFF83" masterDocTitle="A revision of Centaurea sect. Cynaroides (Asteraceae, Cardueae-Centaureinae)" masterLastPageNumber="450" masterPageNumber="448" pageNumber="448" updateTime="1725593506943" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="884A27324C4484814C0BED109489BFCF">A revision of Centaurea sect. Cynaroides (Asteraceae, Cardueae-Centaureinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7BC0CDF5A13203DAE99235792493D60E">Negaresh, Kazem</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="0F46901A09C567C02CEB05FCFDC4A60A">Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran. (* Corresponding author e-mail: negaresh @ ramin. ac. ir)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8E46DD7B6F9776A713D0437CFEA01BAE">Rahiminejad, Mohammad Reza</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="FFB578B80A201A9EB6A4371AB8BC326A">Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran. (* Corresponding author e-mail: negaresh @ ramin. ac. ir) &amp; Department of Biology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746 - 73441, Iran. &amp; Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran. (* Corresponding author e-mail: negaresh @ ramin. ac. ir)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="C12455CEFADFAF27CF6F30B8945368E8">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF0EFFD019D438B3F1D3F92B" bold="true" box="[136,157,1679,1704]" pageId="28">7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF0EFFD019F438B1F3F0F92B" ID-CoL="69H2G" authority="Boissier &amp; Haussknecht" authorityName="Boissier &amp; Haussknecht" box="[168,702,1677,1704]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cataonica">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF0EFFD019F438B1F0D3F924" bold="true" box="[168,413,1677,1703]" italics="true" pageId="28">Centaurea cataonica</emphasis>
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in
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B13DF0EFFD01BB638B3F292F92B" author="Boissier, E." box="[746,988,1679,1704]" pageId="28" refId="ref65414" refString="Boissier, E. (1875) Flora Orientalis, vol. 3. H. Georg, Geneva &amp; Basilea [Basel], 1033 pp." type="book" year="1875">Boissier (1875: 669)</bibRefCitation>
.
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:—
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.
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<materialsCitation id="3B293CBFDF0EFFD01DAD38B3F0ABF973" collectingDate="1865-07-12" collectionCode="G, JE, W" country="Turkey" elevation="550" pageId="28" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="lectotype">
Maraş: in Tauro Cataonico prope Marasch,
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,
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF0EFFD01BB3388FF2E3F94F" box="[751,941,1715,1740]" italics="true" pageId="28">Haussknecht s.n.</emphasis>
(
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! designated by
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B13DF0EFFD01DA6388FF1FBF973" author="Wagenitz, G." pageId="28" pagination="469 - 494" refId="ref69162" refString="Wagenitz, G. (1960) Centaurea L. sect. Cynaropsis, eine neue Sektion der Gattung aus Vorderasien. Willdenowia 2: 469 - 494." type="journal article" year="1960">Wagenitz 1960: 488</bibRefCitation>
,
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!,
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!,
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!)
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Biennial plants, with thick fleshy taproot, whole plant usually green opaque,
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF0EFFD01AB23923F513F8BB" box="[1006,1117,1823,1848]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="28" unit="cm" value="40.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="30.0">3050 cm</quantity>
tall; collar of fibrous petiolar remains present at stem base. Stem erect, simple, rarely branched from near base to median part,
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF0EFFD01DBA397FF40BF8DF" box="[1254,1349,1859,1884]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="28" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">35 mm</quantity>
in diam. at base, cylindrical, with thick yellowish or greenish striations, densely leafy in median part, lower part purplish and subglabrous or sparsely hirsute-articulate, other parts densely covered with white-tomentose hairs. Leaves rigid, usually divided, basal and lower ones sparsely covered with hirsute-articulate hairs, denser along midrib and veins, sometimes mixed with tomentose hairs, others loosely covered with white-tomentose hairs, rarely subglabrous. Basal and lower cauline leaves
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF0EFFD018F939CBF348F793" box="[421,518,2039,2064]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="28" unit="cm" value="12.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="9.0">915 cm</quantity>
long, with a short petiole, lyrate; terminal segment much larger, oblong or oblong-ovate, 68(10) ×
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF0CFFD218073E9CF08EFF3A" box="[347,448,160,185]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="30" unit="cm" value="7.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="5.0">510 cm</quantity>
, cartilaginously denticulate or entire, acute or rounded at apex; lateral segments smaller, 12 pairs, shortly lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate or triangular. Median cauline leaves sessile, oblong, 510 ×
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF0CFFD21C603EF8F4E9FF5E" box="[1340,1447,196,221]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="30" unit="cm" value="3.25" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="1.5">1.55 cm</quantity>
, decurrent, up to
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF0CFFD218633ED4F0C3FE82" box="[319,397,232,257]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="30" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
along stem, serrulate or entire, acute at apex. Upper cauline leaves smaller, sessile, lanceolate, 36 ×
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF0CFFD219893F30F063FEA6" box="[213,301,268,293]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="30" unit="cm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">12 cm</quantity>
, narrowly decurrent, entire, mucronate at apex. Capitula few, ca. 4 to 6(12), arranged in a raceme, subsessile or with peduncles up to
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF0CFFD21B4F3F0CF305FECA" box="[531,587,304,329]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="30" unit="cm" value="6.0">6 cm</quantity>
long, sometimes lowest ones with 34 heads (
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“subsp.
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF0CFFD21DE43F0CF444FECA" box="[1208,1290,304,329]" italics="true" pageId="30">syriaca</emphasis>
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”), with bracts similar to phyllaries with small stramineous and chaffy appendages. Involucres ovoid-subglobose, truncate at base, (25)3248 ×
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. Phyllaries multiseriate, green in vivo, yellow-brownish in sicco, imbricate, coriaceous-scarious, loosely tomentose. Appendages rigid-chartaceous, totally concealing phyllaries, non decurrent, broadly ovate to ovate,
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF0CFFD219A83FFCF01AFE5A" box="[244,340,448,473]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="30" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="5.0">58 mm</quantity>
wide at base (excluding cilia), sometimes dark brown to blackish (
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF0CFFD21D013FFCF443FE5A" authorityName="Negaresh" authorityYear="2018" box="[1117,1293,448,473]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="cataonica" subSpecies="syriaca">
“subsp.
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF0CFFD21DE73FFCF443FE5A" box="[1211,1293,448,473]" italics="true" pageId="30">syriaca</emphasis>
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”); cilia erect, straw-coloured, brown or white, numerous, (8)1013 on each side, 36(8) mm long; spines robust, (2)
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long, slightly longer than nearest cilia. Outer phyllaries rectangular, 23 ×
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF0CFFD21AAC3C34F51AFDA2" box="[1008,1108,520,545]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="30" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">34 mm</quantity>
; appendages 68 ×
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF0CFFD21C623C34F4E2FDA2" box="[1342,1452,520,545]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="30" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="8.0">810 mm</quantity>
(including cilia and spine), straw-coloured, with finely yellow striations. Median phyllaries oblong, 1014 ×
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF0CFFD21C143C10F4E9FDC6" box="[1352,1447,556,581]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="30" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">56 mm</quantity>
; appendages 1418 ×
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF0CFFD218293C6CF0A0FDEA" box="[373,494,592,617]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="30" unit="mm" value="16.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="14.0">1418 mm</quantity>
(including cilia and spine), straw-coloured or mottled with brown, with finely yellow or brown striations. Inner phyllaries narrowly oblong to linear, membranous at margins, 1518 ×
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF0CFFD21DE33C48F450FD0E" box="[1215,1310,628,653]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="30" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">45 mm</quantity>
; appendages ciliate or lacerate into a spine, brown, dark brown to blackish. Flowers purple; central florets hermaphroditic,
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF0CFFD21C3A3CA4F1FAFD56" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.55" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="30" unit="mm" value="35.5" valueMax="36.0" valueMin="35.0">3536 mm</quantity>
long, limb
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF0CFFD218673C80F0F8FD56" box="[315,438,700,725]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="30" unit="mm" value="15.5" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="15.0">1516 mm</quantity>
long, 5-lobed, lobes ca.
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF0CFFD21B883C80F259FD56" box="[724,791,700,725]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="30" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
long; peripheral florets sterile, equal to or slightly longer than central ones, numerous (
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF0CFFD218853CDCF30EFD7A" box="[473,576,736,761]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.445" metricValueMax="5.08" metricValueMin="3.81" pageId="30" unit="in" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">1520 in</quantity>
each capitulum) and conspicuous, finely dissected, slightly radiant, 4-lobed, limb lobes elongate filiform,
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF0CFFD218923D38F376FC9E" box="[462,568,772,797]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="9.0" pageId="30" unit="mm" value="9.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="9.0">910 mm</quantity>
long. Achenes oblong, ca.
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF0CFFD21A393D38F298FC9E" box="[869,982,772,797]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="30" unit="mm" value="4.75" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.5">4.55 mm</quantity>
long, ca.
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF0CFFD21D1E3D38F5D6FC9E" box="[1090,1176,772,797]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="30" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
wide, smooth and shiny, brown or silver-bronze, rounded at apex, glabrous; insertion areole lateral, yellow, ca.
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF0CFFD21D323D14F5FCFCC2" box="[1134,1202,808,833]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="30" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
long. Pappus double, persistent, multiseriate, scabrous, brown to dark brown, ca.
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF0CFFD21A703D70F2D1FCE6" box="[812,927,844,869]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.25" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="30" unit="mm" value="7.25" valueMax="7.5" valueMin="7.0">77.5 mm</quantity>
long, bristles of inner rows much shorter than others, ca.
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF0CFFD2185D3D4CF019FC0A" box="[257,343,880,905]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="30" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
long.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3E666ADF0FFFD119D43950F298F826" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703448" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13703448" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13703448/files/figure.png" pageId="29" startId="29.[136,229,1900,1921]" targetBox="[151,1436,190,1875]" targetPageId="29" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF0FFFD119D43950F298F826" blockId="29.[136,1453,1900,1957]" pageId="29">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF0FFFD119D43950F049F802" bold="true" box="[136,263,1900,1921]" pageId="29">FIGURE 17.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF0FFFD118573950F3F9F802" authority="Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh" authorityName="Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh" authorityYear="2014" box="[267,695,1900,1921]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bavegehensis">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF0FFFD118573950F0BDF802" box="[267,499,1900,1921]" italics="true" pageId="29">Centaurea bavegehensis</emphasis>
Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF0FFFD11B9F3950F2A3F802" box="[707,1005,1900,1921]" italics="true" pageId="29">Negaresh &amp; Kamalnejad 20137</emphasis>
, HUI).
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF0FFFD11D6F3950F50AF802" bold="true" box="[1075,1092,1900,1921]" pageId="29">A</emphasis>
. close up of capitule.
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF0FFFD11C503950F452F802" bold="true" box="[1292,1308,1900,1921]" pageId="29">B</emphasis>
. inflorescence.
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF0FFFD119D439ACF1EEF826" bold="true" box="[136,160,1936,1957]" pageId="29">C.</emphasis>
habit.
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF0FFFD119BD39ACF1B7F826" bold="true" box="[225,249,1936,1957]" pageId="29">D.</emphasis>
indumentum of median part of stem. Scale
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF0FFFD11BC139ACF3E0F826" bold="true" box="[669,686,1936,1957]" pageId="29">A</emphasis>
= 1 cm,
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF0FFFD11A5F39ACF25DF826" bold="true" box="[771,787,1936,1957]" pageId="29">B</emphasis>
= 5 cm,
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF0FFFD11A3439ACF237F826" bold="true" box="[872,889,1936,1957]" pageId="29">C</emphasis>
= 20 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF0CFFD219E13DA8F55CFBBE" blockId="30.[136,1452,160,1085]" pageId="30">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF0CFFD219E13DA8F08DFC2E" bold="true" box="[189,451,916,941]" pageId="30">Nomenclatural notes:</emphasis>
—Regarding the authorship of the name, Index
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF0CFFD21AA43DA8F4E5FC2E" authority=", IPNI and Wagenitz (1960)" authorityName=", IPNI and Wagenitz" authorityYear="1960" box="[1016,1451,916,941]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kewensis">
Kewensis, IPNI and
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B13DF0CFFD21DB03DA8F4E5FC2E" author="Wagenitz, G." box="[1260,1451,916,941]" pageId="30" pagination="469 - 494" refId="ref69162" refString="Wagenitz, G. (1960) Centaurea L. sect. Cynaropsis, eine neue Sektion der Gattung aus Vorderasien. Willdenowia 2: 469 - 494." type="journal article" year="1960">Wagenitz (1960)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
misinterpreted it as
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF0CFFD218343D84F2D2FC52" authority="Boiss. &amp; Hausskn. ex Boiss." authorityName="Boiss." box="[360,924,952,977]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cataonica">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF0CFFD218343D84F31DFC52" box="[360,595,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="30">Centaurea cataonica</emphasis>
Boiss. &amp; Hausskn. ex Boiss.
</taxonomicName>
The species was described for the first time in Boissiers Flora
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF0CFFD2181D3DE0F326FC76" authority="(Boissier 1875)" baseAuthorityName="Boissier" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[321,616,988,1013]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orientalis">
Orientalis (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B13DF0CFFD218E33DE0F311FC76" author="Boissier, E." box="[447,607,988,1013]" pageId="30" refId="ref65414" refString="Boissier, E. (1875) Flora Orientalis, vol. 3. H. Georg, Geneva &amp; Basilea [Basel], 1033 pp." type="book" year="1875">Boissier 1875</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. When the authorship is shared, Boissier wrote both authors in brackets as
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF0CFFD219D43A3CF0B9FB9A" authority="(Boiss. &amp; Haussk.)" baseAuthorityName="Boiss. &amp; Haussk." box="[136,503,1024,1049]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cataonica">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF0CFFD219D43A3CF056FB9A" box="[136,280,1024,1049]" italics="true" pageId="30">C. cataonica</emphasis>
(Boiss. &amp; Haussk.)
</taxonomicName>
(Fl. Orient. 3: 669) that should be interpreted as
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF0CFFD21D783A3CF4C0FB9A" authority="Boiss. &amp; Hausskn." authorityName="Boiss. &amp; Hausskn." box="[1060,1422,1024,1049]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cataonica">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF0CFFD21D783A3CF5FDFB9A" box="[1060,1203,1024,1049]" italics="true" pageId="30">C. cataonica</emphasis>
Boiss. &amp; Hausskn.
</taxonomicName>
in Boiss., but certainly not as
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF0CFFD218E43A18F2C3FBBE" authority="Boiss. &amp; Hausskn. ex Boiss." authorityName="Boiss." box="[440,909,1060,1085]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cataonica">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF0CFFD218E43A18F309FBBE" box="[440,583,1060,1085]" italics="true" pageId="30">C. cataonica</emphasis>
Boiss. &amp; Hausskn. ex Boiss.
</taxonomicName>
(Art. 46.2).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3E666ADF0CFFD219D439A9F448F829" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703458" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13703458" box="[136,1286,1941,1962]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13703458/files/figure.png" pageId="30" startId="30.[136,229,1941,1962]" targetBox="[154,1419,1147,1887]" targetPageId="30" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF0CFFD219D439A9F448F829" blockId="30.[136,1286,1941,1962]" box="[136,1286,1941,1962]" pageId="30">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF0CFFD219D439A9F04DF829" bold="true" box="[136,259,1941,1962]" pageId="30">FIGURE 18</emphasis>
. Distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF0CFFD218FF39A9F25AF829" box="[419,788,1941,1962]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="cataonica" subSpecies="cataonica">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF0CFFD218FF39A9F323F829" box="[419,621,1941,1962]" italics="true" pageId="30">Centaurea cataonica</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF0CFFD21BE939A9F25AF829" box="[693,788,1941,1962]" italics="true" pageId="30">cataonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(circles) and
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF0CFFD21ACB39A9F5EFF829" authorityName="Negaresh" authorityYear="2018" box="[919,1185,1941,1962]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="cataonica" subSpecies="syriaca">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF0CFFD21ACB39A9F55CF829" box="[919,1042,1941,1962]" italics="true" pageId="30">C. cataonica</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF0CFFD21D0639A9F5EFF829" box="[1114,1185,1941,1962]" italics="true" pageId="30">syriaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(squares).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF0CFFD219E139E7F4E5F79B" blockId="30.[136,1451,2011,2072]" pageId="30">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF0CFFD219E139E7F335F877" bold="true" box="[189,635,2011,2036]" pageId="30">Taxonomic and distribution remarks:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF0CFFD21BCB39E7F2CEF877" box="[663,896,2011,2036]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cataonica">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF0CFFD21BCB39E7F2CEF877" box="[663,896,2011,2036]" italics="true" pageId="30">Centaurea cataonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distributed in S
<collectingCountry id="F3567672DF0CFFD21D1139E7F5D3F877" box="[1101,1181,2011,2036]" name="Turkey" pageId="30">Turkey</collectingCountry>
and N
<collectingCountry id="F3567672DF0CFFD21DB739E7F468F877" box="[1259,1318,2011,2036]" name="Syria" pageId="30">Syria</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="137A2A67DF0CFFD21C6939E7F4C9F877" box="[1333,1415,2011,2036]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="30.[136,229,1941,1962]" captionTargetBox="[154,1419,1147,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-448@30.[151,1436,1109,1916]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 18. Distribution of Centaurea cataonica subsp. cataonica (circles) and C. cataonica subsp. syriaca (squares)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703458" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13703458/files/figure.png" pageId="30">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
). It is an Irano-Turanian element, and grows on dry pastures,
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF0CFFD21A5339C3F201F79B" box="[783,847,2047,2072]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF0CFFD21A5339C3F201F79B" box="[783,847,2047,2072]" italics="true" pageId="30">Pinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forests (
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF0CFFD21AED39C3F572F79B" authorityName=", M. Zohary &amp; D. Zohary" authorityYear="2729" box="[945,1084,2047,2072]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brutia">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF0CFFD21AED39C3F572F79B" box="[945,1084,2047,2072]" italics="true" pageId="30">Pinus brutia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and Basalt soil, at elevations of
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF0DFFD319D43E9CF575FE12" blockId="31.[136,1452,160,401]" pageId="31">
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF0DFFD319D43E9CF044FF3A" box="[136,266,160,185]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.75" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="31" unit="m" value="675.0" valueMax="900.0" valueMin="450.0">
450
<specimenCount id="9D47FD6BDF0DFFD3199D3E9CF044FF3A" box="[193,266,160,185]" count="900" pageId="31" type="generic">900 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF0DFFD318483E9CF0B0FF3A" box="[276,510,160,185]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cataonica">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF0DFFD318483E9CF0B0FF3A" box="[276,510,160,185]" italics="true" pageId="31">Centaurea cataonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF0DFFD31BCC3E9CF268FF3A" box="[656,806,160,185]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tomentella">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF0DFFD31BCC3E9CF268FF3A" box="[656,806,160,185]" italics="true" pageId="31">C. tomentella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its indumentum of leaves, shape and size of involucres and color of flowers. However, it differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF0DFFD31BD13EF8F26DFF5E" box="[653,803,196,221]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tomentella">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF0DFFD31BD13EF8F26DFF5E" box="[653,803,196,221]" italics="true" pageId="31">C. tomentella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its stem
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF0DFFD31AF63EF8F548FF5E" box="[938,1030,196,221]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="31" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">35 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF0DFFD31D4A3EF8F563FF5E" box="[1046,1069,196,221]" italics="true" pageId="31">vs</emphasis>
.
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF0DFFD31D673EF8F5E9FF5E" box="[1083,1191,196,221]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="31" unit="mm" value="9.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="4.0">415 mm</quantity>
) in diam. at base, basal and lower cauline leaves lyrate,
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF0DFFD318AA3ED4F316FE82" box="[502,600,232,257]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="31" unit="cm" value="12.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="9.0">915 cm</quantity>
long, with short petiole (
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF0DFFD31A253ED4F2DEFE82" box="[889,912,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="31">vs</emphasis>
. undivided,
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF0DFFD31D423ED4F5C0FE82" box="[1054,1166,232,257]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="31" unit="cm" value="25.0" valueMax="33.0" valueMin="17.0">1733 cm</quantity>
long, with a long petiole (up to
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF0DFFD319883F30F054FEA6" box="[212,282,268,293]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="31" unit="cm" value="22.0">22 cm</quantity>
long)), appendages rigid-chartaceous, broadly ovate to ovate, straw-coloured or mottled with brown to dark brown,
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF0DFFD3184B3F0CF03BFECA" box="[279,373,304,329]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="31" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="5.0">58 mm</quantity>
wide at base (excluding cilia) (
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF0DFFD31B8B3F0CF3A0FECA" box="[727,750,304,329]" italics="true" pageId="31">vs</emphasis>
. very firm, triangular, yellow and shiny,
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF0DFFD31DE03F0CF457FECA" box="[1212,1305,304,329]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="31" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">45 mm</quantity>
wide at base (excluding cilia)), cilia (8)1013 (
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF0DFFD31B4F3F68F364FEEE" box="[531,554,340,365]" italics="true" pageId="31">vs</emphasis>
. 610) on each side, spines (2)
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF0DFFD31ACE3F68F2B3FEEE" box="[914,1021,340,365]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="31" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="4.0">410 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF0DFFD31D513F68F56AFEEE" box="[1037,1060,340,365]" italics="true" pageId="31">vs</emphasis>
. (7)912(17) mm) long, flowers
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF0DFFD319D43F44F04FFE12" box="[136,257,376,401]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.55" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="31" unit="mm" value="35.5" valueMax="36.0" valueMin="35.0">3536 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF0DFFD3184D3F44F066FE12" box="[273,296,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="31">vs</emphasis>
.
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF0DFFD3186A3F44F0FEFE12" box="[310,432,376,401]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="31" unit="mm" value="30.0" valueMax="32.0" valueMin="28.0">2832 mm</quantity>
) long, and also pappus ca.
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF0DFFD31BBC3F44F21CFE12" box="[736,850,376,401]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.25" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="31" unit="mm" value="7.25" valueMax="7.5" valueMin="7.0">77.5 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF0DFFD31A3E3F44F237FE12" box="[866,889,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="31">vs</emphasis>
.
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF0DFFD31ADB3F44F2BDFE12" box="[903,1011,376,401]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="31" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="8.0">810 mm</quantity>
) long.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>