treatments-xml/data/03/DC/09/03DC095CFFD7330DCAD8E2218298FCD3.xml

<document id="CA43CF66B745CC03D8FDABA636513066" ID-ISSN="1175­5334" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629678646461" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Melika, George, Pujade-Villar, Juli, Abe, Yoshihisa, Tang, Chang-Ti, Nicholls, James, Wachi, Nakatada, Ide, Tatsuya, Yang, Man-Miao, Pénzes, Zsolt, Csóka, György &amp; Stone, Graham N." docDate="2010" docId="03DC095CFFD7330DCAD8E2218298FCD3" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02470p079.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2470" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleId="D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Pseudoneuroterus mazandarani Melika &amp; Pujade-Villar &amp; Abe &amp; Tang &amp; Nicholls &amp; Wachi &amp; Ide &amp; Yang &amp; Pénzes &amp; Csóka &amp; Stone 2010, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="FFE57124FFDA3302CA4FE53C8719FF89" masterDocTitle="2470" masterLastPageNumber="79" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="14" updateTime="1699094741932" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:namePart id="92B81500A61439FDBFA4F1A56F8817AF">Csóka, György</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CCF2B178C6E55E837A1FD6DD2B276EA7">Stone, Graham N.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03DC095CFFD7330DCAD8E2218298FCD3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DC095CFFD7330DCAD8E2218298FCD3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC095CFFD7330DCAD8E2218298FCD3" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<subSubSection id="C36FEBC1FFD7330FCAD8E221849AF8BE" box="[151,899,1821,1847]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BCAB84AFFD7330FCAD8E221849AF8BE" blockId="13.[151,899,1821,1883]" box="[151,899,1821,1847]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="D0820F26FFD7330FCAD8E221849AF8BE" bold="true" box="[151,899,1821,1847]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9016458FFD7330FCAD8E221849AF8BE" bold="true" box="[151,899,1821,1847]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="4C75C3C9FFD7330FCAD8E22185FFF8BE" authority="Melika &amp; Stone" authorityName="Melika &amp; Pujade-Villar &amp; Abe &amp; Tang &amp; Nicholls &amp; Wachi &amp; Ide &amp; Yang &amp; Pénzes &amp; Csóka &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2010" box="[151,742,1821,1847]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Pseudoneuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mazandarani" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9016458FFD7330FCAD8E2218500F8BE" bold="true" box="[151,537,1821,1847]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pseudoneuroterus mazandarani</emphasis>
Melika &amp; Stone
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A232D923FFD7330FC8BCE221849AF8BE" box="[755,899,1821,1847]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="8BCAB84AFFD7330FCAD8E27D8668F8D2" blockId="13.[151,899,1821,1883]" box="[151,369,1857,1883]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<figureCitation id="134EA4CFFFD7330FCAD8E27D8604F8D2" box="[151,285,1857,1883]" captionStart="FIGURES 77–83" captionStartId="52.[151,269,1872,1896]" captionTargetBox="[166,1432,207,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-54@52.[151,1436,194,1848]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURES 77–83. Pseudoneuroterus mazandarani, new species, asexual female: 77–79, head: 77, anterior view, 78, posterior view, 79, dorsal view. 80, antenna; 81, forewing, part; 82, mesosoma, lateral view; 83, mesosoma, dorsal view." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 77–83</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134EA4CFFFD7330FCB66E27D8668F8D2" box="[297,369,1857,1883]" captionStart="FIGURES 84–90" captionStartId="53.[151,269,1708,1732]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,225,1684]" captionTargetId="figure-55@53.[151,1436,194,1684]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURES 84–90. Pseudoneuroterus mazandarani, new species, asexual female: 84, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view; 85, metasoma, lateral view. 86–87, ventral spine of hypopygium: 86, lateral view, 87, ventral view. 88–90, galls (photo by G. Melika)." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">84–90</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36FEBC1FFD7330FCAD8E2B78223F87D" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BCAB84AFFD7330FCAD8E2B78223F87D" blockId="13.[151,1436,1931,2036]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B9016458FFD7330FCAD8E2B78648F82C" bold="true" box="[151,337,1931,1957]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B1DB217FFD7330FCB12E2B7843AF845" collectingDate="2007-05" collectorName="G. Melika." country="Iran" location="Sari" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mazandaran" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54CE06E8FFD7330FCB12E2B786E1F82C" box="[349,504,1931,1957]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
female: 
<collectingCountry id="F362F8DAFFD7330FC828E2B785ABF82C" box="[615,690,1931,1957]" name="Iran" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">IRAN</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49B176A8FFD7330FC88DE2B784D0F82C" box="[706,969,1931,1957]" country="Iran" name="Mazandaran" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Mazandaran Province</collectingRegion>
, 
<location id="8EAAEE91FFD7330FC995E2B78310F82C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DC095CFFD7330DCAD8E2218298FCD3:8EAAEE91FFD7330FC995E2B78310F82C" box="[986,1033,1931,1957]" country="Iran" name="Sari" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" stateProvince="Mazandaran">Sari</location>
(Shahid Zare park, Kiasar, Behshahr), ex 
<taxonomicName id="4C75C3C9FFD7330FCB5BE28F86C8F845" box="[276,465,1971,1996]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="castaneifolia">
<emphasis id="B9016458FFD7330FCB5BE28F86C8F845" box="[276,465,1971,1996]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Q. castaneifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<date id="FFCB9E8AFFD7330FCBAEE28E8547F845" box="[481,606,1970,1996]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2007-05">
<collectingDate id="EF8F6762FFD7330FCBAEE28E8547F845" box="[481,606,1970,1996]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2007-05">May 2007</collectingDate>
</date>
. coll. 
<collectorName id="2680DD9CFFD7330FC8E9E28E843AF845" box="[678,803,1970,1996]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">G. Melika.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
<typeStatus id="54CE06E8FFD7330FC964E28E84CBF845" box="[811,978,1970,1996]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
: 
<specimenCount id="9D7373C3FFD7330FC991E28E8346F845" box="[990,1119,1970,1996]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="female">20 females</specimenCount>
with the same label as the 
<typeStatus id="54CE06E8FFD7330FCAD8E2E68618F87D" box="[151,257,2010,2036]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. The 
<typeStatus id="54CE06E8FFD7330FCB0EE2E686BEF87D" box="[321,423,2010,2036]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and 
<specimenCount id="9D7373C3FFD7330FCBAFE2E685D5F87D" box="[480,716,2010,2036]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="female" typeStatus="paratype">15 paratype females</specimenCount>
are deposited in PDL; 
<materialsCitation id="3B1DB217FFD7330FC994E2E6822EF87D" box="[987,1335,2010,2036]" collectionCode="USNM" country="Iran" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="5" stateProvince="Mazandaran" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D7373C3FFD7330FC994E2E683A1F87D" box="[987,1208,2010,2036]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="female" typeStatus="paratype">5 paratype females</specimenCount>
in 
<collectionCode id="ED64208FFFD7330FCE91E2E6822EF87D" box="[1246,1335,2010,2036]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36FEBC1FFD4330CCA8AE5AB8210FF3B" box="[197,1289,151,178]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BCAB84AFFD4330CCA8AE5AB8210FF3B" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2017]" box="[197,1289,151,178]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B9016458FFD4330CCA8AE5AB8648FF38" bold="true" box="[197,337,151,177]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species is named after 
<collectingRegion id="49B176A8FFD4330CC8D8E5A4848EFF3B" box="[663,919,152,178]" country="Iran" name="Mazandaran" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Mazandaran Province</collectingRegion>
of 
<collectingCountry id="F362F8DAFFD4330CC9F1E5A484E9FF3B" box="[958,1008,152,178]" name="Iran" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Iran</collectingCountry>
, where it was collected.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36FEBC1FFD4330CCA8AE58385EFFEF0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BCAB84AFFD4330CCA8AE58385EFFEF0" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2017]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B9016458FFD4330CCA8AE583865CFF50" bold="true" box="[197,325,191,217]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Closely related to 
<taxonomicName id="4C75C3C9FFD4330CC869E5FC85CEFF50" authorityName="Pujade-Villar et al." authorityYear="2004" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[550,727,192,217]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Pseudoneuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macropterus">
<emphasis id="B9016458FFD4330CC869E5FC85CEFF50" box="[550,727,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. macropterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C75C3C9FFD4330CC95CE5FC848CFF50" authorityName="Melika &amp; Pujade-Villar &amp; Abe &amp; Tang &amp; Nicholls &amp; Wachi &amp; Ide &amp; Yang &amp; Pénzes &amp; Csóka &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2010" box="[787,917,192,217]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Pseudoneuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nichollsi">
<emphasis id="B9016458FFD4330CC95CE5FC848CFF50" box="[787,917,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. nichollsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by genae distinctly broadened behind eyes, well visible in anterior view, however, in 
<taxonomicName id="4C75C3C9FFD4330CC8CCE5D48425FE88" authorityName="Melika &amp; Pujade-Villar &amp; Abe &amp; Tang &amp; Nicholls &amp; Wachi &amp; Ide &amp; Yang &amp; Pénzes &amp; Csóka &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2010" box="[643,828,232,257]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Pseudoneuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mazandarani">
<emphasis id="B9016458FFD4330CC8CCE5D48425FE88" box="[643,828,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. mazandarani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the body is dark brown, the lower face always yellowish; the antenna and legs are light brown; small wasps, body length 
<quantity id="4C8D15AFFFD4330CC9A0E4338398FEA0" box="[1007,1153,271,297]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="1.95" valueMax="2.1" valueMin="1.8">
1.8 
<emphasis id="B9016458FFD4330CCE5CE433833BFEA0" bold="true" box="[1043,1058,271,297]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">–</emphasis>
2.1 mm
</quantity>
. In the two above-mentioned species the body and antennae are black, the lower face is always black; coxae and part of femurs black; much larger wasps, body length 
<quantity id="4C8D15AFFFD4330CC82DE46385EBFEF0" box="[610,754,351,377]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" metricValueMax="4.3" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="3.8" valueMax="4.3" valueMin="3.3">
3.3 
<emphasis id="B9016458FFD4330CC8C8E463858CFEF0" bold="true" box="[647,661,351,377]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">–</emphasis>
4.3 mm
</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36FEBC1FFD4330DCA8AE4BB8264FD1B" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCAB84AFFD4330CCA8AE4BB8506FD90" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2017]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B9016458FFD4330CCA8AE4BB8644FE28" bold="true" box="[197,349,391,417]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Description.</emphasis>
ASEXUAL FEMALE (
<typeStatus id="54CE06E8FFD4330CC831E4BB85F2FE28" box="[638,747,391,417]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
). Body dark brown, with slightly lighter metasoma, lower face and mandibles always light brown to yellowish; scape and pedicel yellow, flagellomeres and legs (except dark brown basal half of coxae) light brown; head, especially lower face, and mesosoma with dense white setae; wing veins brown, distinct.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCAB84AFFD4330CCA8AE71B83A5FAB0" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2017]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Head alutaceous, with white setae, denser on lower face and posteriorly, 2.2 times as broad as long from above; 1.2 times as broad as high and rounded in anterior view and equal to width of mesosoma. Gena alutaceous, slightly broadened behind eye, visible in anterior view, narrower than cross diameter of eye, impressed along outer margin of eye. Malar space alutaceous, without striae and malar sulcus, with dense setae, 0.3 times as long as height of eye. POL 1.3 times as long as OOL; OOL 2.5 times as long as diameter of lateral ocellus, 1.6 times as long as LOL; ocelli slightly ovate, equal in size and shape. Transfacial distance equal in length to height of eye and 1.4 times as long as height of lower face (distance between antennal rim and ventral margin of clypeus); diameter of antennal socket 1.6 times as long as distance between sockets, distance between socket and eye margin slightly larger than diameter of socket. Lower face alutaceous, with elevated coriaceous median area and dense setae. Clypeus rectangular, flat, over 2.0 times as broad as high, coriaceous, with deep anterior tentorial pits, distinct epistomal sulcus and clypeo-pleurostomal line; ventrally emarginate, without median incision. Frons alutaceous, with deep smooth and shiny impression below median ocellus; vertex and occiput uniformly alutaceous; interocellar area coriaceous. Postocciput around occipital foramen impressed, with numerous striae extending to level of gula; posterior tentorial pits large, deep, elongate; hypostomal bridge at least 2.0 times as high as broad, lower part narrowed down to emarginate hypostomal carina; occipital foramen slightly shorter than height of hypostomal bridge, around 1.5 times shorter than height of oral foramen. Antenna with 12 flagellomeres, longer than head+mesosoma; pedicel 1.4 times as long as broad, F1 2.2 times as long as pedicel, equal in length to F2; F3 nearly equal in length to F4 and F5 and slightly shorter than F2, subsequent flagellomeres shorter, F12 equal in length to F11; placodeal sensilla on all flagellomeres, including few visible distally on F1. Sensilla on all flagellomeres indistinct.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCAB84AFFD4330DCA8AE07B8572FEDB" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2017]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1436,152,858]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Mesosoma longer than high in lateral view, with uniform dense white setae. Pronotum uniformly microreticulate, with uniform white setae, without wrinkles. Mesoscutum longer than broad (width measured across basis of tegulae), smooth or alutaceous, with deep punctures between notauli and between notaulus and parapside, both in posterior half; notaulus absent but indicated by impressed coriaceous stripes and rows of denser setae in entire length of mesoscutum; median mesoscutal line, anterior parallel and parapsidal lines absent. transscutal articulation inconspicuous, mesoscutum emarginate and elevated posteriorly, above dorsoaxillar areas only. Mesoscutellum slightly longer than broad, shorter than length of mesoscutum, with nearly parallel sides, flat, uniformly alutaceous, with sparse setae, overhanging metanotum; without distinct scutellar foveae, with anterior transverse, impressed area, bottom of which smooth and shiny, with some longitudinal parallel wrinkles. Mesopleuron, including speculum, smooth, shiny, with few setae and delicate parallel striae in the center; mesopleural triangle rugose, with dense white setae and some wrinkles. Metapleural sulcus reaching mesopleuron at half height; metapleuron smooth, preaxilla alutaceous; lateral axillar area coriaceous, without setae; axillar carina broad, with longitudinal striae; axillula slightly ovate, smooth, with white setae and some sparse punctures; subaxillular bar narrow, smooth, shiny, in most posterior end narrower than height of metanotal trough. Metascutellum smooth, slightly higher than height of smooth, shiny ventral impressed area; metanotal trough smooth, shiny, without setae. Lateral propodeal carinae absent, central propodeal area smooth, shiny, with some very delicate longitudinal irregular striae, without setae, delimited by dense white setae, uniformly covering lateral propodeal area; nucha very short, with few irregular wrinkles. Forewing longer than body, with distinct brown veins, margin with short dense cilia; radial cell 5.6 times as long as broad, R1 on a short distance running along wing margin, Rs nearly reaching wing margin; areolet large, triangular, delimited by indistinct veins; Rs+M inconspicuous, its projection reaching basalis in the lower third. Tarsal claws simple, without basal lobe.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCAB84AFFD5330DCA8AE45C8431FE43" blockId="15.[151,1436,152,858]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Metasoma shorter than head+mesosoma, 2.0 times as high as long in lateral view, smooth, shiny, without setae; prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium short, 2.0 
<emphasis id="B9016458FFD5330DC939E4BB849DFE28" bold="true" box="[886,900,391,417]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">–</emphasis>
2.3 times as long as broad ventrally, with very few short setae, which not extend beyond apex of spine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCAB84AFFD5330DCA8AE4E48551FE7B" blockId="15.[151,1436,152,858]" box="[197,584,471,498]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Body length 
<quantity id="4C8D15AFFFD5330DCB13E4E486F1FE7B" box="[348,488,471,498]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="1.95" valueMax="2.1" valueMin="1.8">
1.8 
<emphasis id="B9016458FFD5330DCBCEE4EB8689FE78" bold="true" box="[385,400,471,497]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">–</emphasis>
2.1 mm
</quantity>
(n=10).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCAB84AFFD5330DCA8AE4C38264FD1B" blockId="15.[151,1436,152,858]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B9016458FFD5330DCA8AE4C387E2FD90" bold="true" box="[197,251,511,537]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Gall</emphasis>
. An integral swelling leaf gall, usually located at the base of the leaf midrib or on the main vein, irregularly shaped, multilocular (
<figureCitation id="134EA4CFFFD5330DC857E7148586FDCB" box="[536,671,551,578]" captionStart="FIGURES 84–90" captionStartId="53.[151,269,1708,1732]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,225,1684]" captionTargetId="figure-55@53.[151,1436,194,1684]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURES 84–90. Pseudoneuroterus mazandarani, new species, asexual female: 84, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view; 85, metasoma, lateral view. 86–87, ventral spine of hypopygium: 86, lateral view, 87, ventral view. 88–90, galls (photo by G. Melika)." pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Figs 88 
<emphasis id="B9016458FFD5330DC83FE71B8566FDC8" bold="true" box="[624,639,551,577]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">–</emphasis>
90
</figureCitation>
). The gall is fleshy, reaching 
<quantity id="4C8D15AFFFD5330DC9BAE714836AFDCB" box="[1013,1139,551,578]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">
10 
<emphasis id="B9016458FFD5330DCE5CE71B833BFDC8" bold="true" box="[1043,1058,551,577]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">–</emphasis>
15 mm
</quantity>
in diameter, and up to 
<quantity id="4C8D15AFFFD5330DCF30E71487DCFDE3" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
in length; the rounded larval chambers, 
<quantity id="4C8D15AFFFD5330DC8EAE76C841EFDE3" box="[677,775,591,618]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">
3 
<emphasis id="B9016458FFD5330DC8FBE77385DAFDE0" bold="true" box="[692,707,591,617]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">–</emphasis>
4 mm
</quantity>
in diameter, irregularly embedded into the enlarged tissues of the leaf parenchyma. Young galls are green to pale green-yellowish and remain soft as they mature.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36FEBC1FFD5330DCA8AE7A384B5FCBB" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BCAB84AFFD5330DCA8AE7A384B5FCBB" blockId="15.[151,1436,152,858]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B9016458FFD5330DCA8AE7A38630FD30" bold="true" box="[197,297,671,697]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Biology.</emphasis>
Only the asexual generation is known to induce integral leaf galls on 
<taxonomicName id="4C75C3C9FFD5330DCE2AE79C87DCFD6B" authority="C. A. Mey. The" authorityName="C. A. Mey. The" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="castaneifolia">
<emphasis id="B9016458FFD5330DCE2AE79C8238FD30" box="[1125,1313,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Q. castaneifolia</emphasis>
C.A.Mey. The
</taxonomicName>
galls start to develop from May and mature in late May, adults emerge in June. This is an unusual seasonal phenology for an asexual generation, which in other 
<taxonomicName id="4C75C3C9FFD5330DC90EE7CC830CFC80" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1923" box="[833,1045,752,777]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Pseudoneuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9016458FFD5330DC90EE7CC830CFC80" box="[833,1045,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Pseudoneuroterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis id="B9016458FFD5330DCE03E7CC8282FC80" box="[1100,1435,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Neuroterus-Cerroneuroterus</emphasis>
species develop in summer and the asexual galls mature in autumn.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36FEBC1FFD5330DCAD8E6038298FCD3" box="[151,1409,831,858]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BCAB84AFFD5330DCAD8E6038298FCD3" blockId="15.[151,1436,152,858]" box="[151,1409,831,858]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B9016458FFD5330DCAD8E6038629FCD0" bold="true" box="[151,304,831,857]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Distribution</emphasis>
. Currently known from 
<collectingCountry id="F362F8DAFFD5330DC802E67C8565FCD3" box="[589,636,832,858]" name="Iran" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Iran</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49B176A8FFD5330DC8C3E67C8496FCD3" box="[652,911,832,858]" country="Iran" name="Mazandaran" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Mazandaran province</collectingRegion>
, Sari). Common in the mentioned locality.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>