656 lines
69 KiB
XML
656 lines
69 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="61372" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9007242a-2b0e-416a-89c9-27029f4c2a64" ID-PMC="PMC9849048" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-197-81" ID-Pensoft-UUID="37EA452A15155D1CB85CA350AF70A112" ID-PubMed="36760671" ModsDocID="1314-2003-197-81" checkinTime="1653995772258" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Santamaria-Aguilar, Daniel & Lagomarsino, Laura P." docDate="2022" docId="1D9442D9ED21599C9E139ED331D901D4" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 197: 81-148" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 197" docPubDate="2022-05-30" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367" docTitle="Virola alvaroperezii D. Santam. 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="37EA452A15155D1CB85CA350AF70A112" lastPageNumber="81" masterDocId="37EA452A15155D1CB85CA350AF70A112" masterDocTitle="New Species of Virola (Myristicaceae) from South America" masterLastPageNumber="148" masterPageNumber="81" pageNumber="81" updateTime="1732937733806" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="42B1298A226254C56AA8E25DEDE566F7" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="9FF5F5C84ECC80CB792AEF8467EED3CC">
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<mods:title id="A160EBE846CB33E795565E8DDE925ACE">New Species of Virola (Myristicaceae) from South America</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="09202B89132F1AA95CAA6F34EA327F29" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="128F13706B25C4B543729E161F91D28E">
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<mods:roleTerm id="EFAFF09D55748656754197D2731361A3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="5F14C9769189D5C400F5E745C9D58A53">Santamaria-Aguilar, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="9778D999CFBF2171D85679749B9A7C5A" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6339-8250</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="657CA0FA915FB4E77E59040B2DC680CF">Shirley C. Tucker Herbarium, Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 103 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 - 1705, USA & Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="9F6E3F6C4253A216BA84559CFCE54999" type="email">daniel.santamaria366@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name id="021733C6BF8DCD1B4B1998EB5F6DF5F8" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="52BE83373B79EAC6732855CF60B1B038">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="6CF03C0E8D11FD5BBC20ABA834D4FA9E">Lagomarsino, Laura P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="AB3F4D9CBDDC3F2FA45A41BF96A93125">Shirley C. Tucker Herbarium, Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 103 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 - 1705, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="5D53337B44A42F176F3A7A7E704B5039">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="6D1FCB4CA5E49255F6BB2D36543CE0BB">
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<mods:title id="48967624455BA19202FC40FD9A7D860E">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="0EEC942E61ACD35B85A317A2F87CE3C5">
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<mods:date id="E8DAF73B1DA053A419820BD7A170ECA4">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="F51B921FEEAB982B20188563CF204042" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="D5AA24741D25D679DDD4587E97784525">2022-05-30</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="4155B11EF34EEA15627397090C833646" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="AA20C64CC7BB04618CB34474C32344A9">197</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="88D0AC0C91E8DA0DA438F7570EC0B58D">81</mods:start>
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<mods:location id="31250DAD688770EBCCEFC6D3773BB4BC">
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<mods:url id="433C59E7B97D233A9CD5F89AB408E074">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="6D756A5CA23D80BD72E17D7C2E0D268B">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="9F96DBA98A209E13C384ADFE3B8AE486" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6ECB54A477C3C181F38E45855B464C0F" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-197-81</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5C0843159F7E422FBC60019467DBA5F6" type="Pensoft-UUID">37EA452A15155D1CB85CA350AF70A112</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="1D9442D9ED21599C9E139ED331D901D4" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195703439" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1D9442D9ED21599C9E139ED331D901D4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1D9442D9ED21599C9E139ED331D901D4" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" scope_family="Myristicaceae">
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<subSubSection id="16E5DD542E6BAC727F189B0C02EAA538" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8F73C5A18DC64ED934DE632E3171D833" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
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2.
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<taxonomicName id="0F21E304A3846D3E8A09FEC221634DBE" LSID="1D9442D9-ED21-599C-9E13-9ED331D901D4" authority="D. Santam." authorityName="D. Santam." authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola alvaroperezii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="alvaroperezii" status="sp. nov.">Virola alvaroperezii D. Santam.</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="79D0E3CBDA367F715F71D7BA3DCEC63D" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="79C05DE91D354EBCB8F636528155776C" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="D70C9A33812AD58EBD08BABE83850AA2" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
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<typeStatus id="CA198ED318AF198FFBA3AA127EA16CBC">Type</typeStatus>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0C15195E1C74343086607AB70E4E2FC5" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
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<materialsCitation id="2C5BB2A28948D98F2AE30EE717472087" collectingDate="1992-08-17" collectingDateMax="1992-08-27" collectingDateMin="1992-08-17" collectorName="Centro El Baboso, G. Tipaz, M. Tirado, C. Aulestia, N. Gale, P. Ortiz, Fig." country="Ecuador" county="Tulcan Canton" elevation="1800" latitude="0.8833333" location="Reserva Indigena Awa" longLatPrecision="1308" longitude="-78.416664" municipality="Parroquia Tobar Donoso" specimenCount="♀" stateProvince="Carchi" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<emphasis id="8D1342EABB8155D4A1862114F74DFA30" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
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||
<collectingCountry id="897D2CB63AD0C14276FAFA4C946DA090" name="Ecuador">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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||
.
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||
<collectingRegion id="D3E0452812E6197D660165DE83F5F4FD" country="Ecuador" name="Carchi">Carchi</collectingRegion>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
:
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||
<collectingCounty id="95E3492E1A945B3CB1AE945AB0E3A816">
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||
Tulcan
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||
<normalizedToken id="9F8E9A92AA9F7833BCC6EB5EB24B1996" originalValue="Cantón">Canton</normalizedToken>
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||
</collectingCounty>
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||
,
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="34EE001112B0BDCD665BE5B3E0415918">Parroquia Tobar Donoso</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="D303453A88BB3208C2B59284FE1F3F27" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1D9442D9ED21599C9E139ED331D901D4:D303453A88BB3208C2B59284FE1F3F27" country="Ecuador" county="Tulcan Canton" latitude="0.8833333" longLatPrecision="1308" longitude="-78.416664" municipality="Parroquia Tobar Donoso" name="Reserva Indigena Awa" stateProvince="Carchi">
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Reserva
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||
<normalizedToken id="430F76FA2A5DA8A135685D7631404CAF" originalValue="Indígena">Indigena</normalizedToken>
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||
<normalizedToken id="0206439596E8A19E7B42C3A3D74408F2" originalValue="Awá">Awa</normalizedToken>
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||
</location>
|
||
,
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||
<collectorName id="39F516FFBB302235C9A114CBB5189A33">
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||
<location id="486D2C2036342DE2213D70A435B2E7A9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1D9442D9ED21599C9E139ED331D901D4:486D2C2036342DE2213D70A435B2E7A9" country="Ecuador" county="Tulcan Canton" latitude="0.8833333" longLatPrecision="1308" longitude="-78.416664" municipality="Parroquia Tobar Donoso" name="Centro El Baboso" stateProvince="Carchi">Centro El Baboso</location>
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</collectorName>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="061AE36958DCD05FBA50F7653C2F6683" degrees="00" direction="north" minutes="53" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="0.8833333">00°53'N</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="1D47B0C3BBB826CE86800AD7F9DA0BB0" degrees="078" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.416664">078°25'W</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<quantity id="3987CEB5E8C7629DA90199CA27DE198C" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" unit="m" value="1800.0">
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||
<elevation id="C7C9EE2C471E7E35D9CB8E6D0383353E" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" unit="m" value="1800.0">1800 m</elevation>
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||
</quantity>
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||
,
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<collectingDate id="5E2A46E0D3F52C53DD47C79D0C90DFE9" value="1992-08-17" valueMax="1992-08-27" valueMin="1992-08-17">17-27 Aug 1992</collectingDate>
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||
(
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<specimenCount id="AC0614DCE0B6334AC62ED72A40DBCBB3">♀</specimenCount>
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fl and fr),
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||
<emphasis id="079C891BE24C992B3AEB67FF78388B43" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
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||
<collectorName id="C84FADD5C6C506435CFCAF95EA17AE74">G. Tipaz</collectorName>
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||
,
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||
<collectorName id="C8D43796436BD31F7769597FEEFAA695">M. Tirado</collectorName>
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||
,
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||
<collectorName id="7BDD68A7DC59426DE73ED83962DCF79E">C. Aulestia</collectorName>
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||
,
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<collectorName id="C9BE61B31DFEC2EB0DBB76E70DC1CF82">N. Gale</collectorName>
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&
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<collectorName id="9E6876ACBAE8868CF51D329FBDFA15C2">P. Ortiz</collectorName>
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1789
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</emphasis>
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||
(
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<typeStatus id="7CB61940947CABE7C29373773A535805">holotype</typeStatus>
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: MO-2 sheets! [flowers: accession 05005569, barcode MO-1528199; fruits: accession 05005570, barcode MO-1528198]; isotypes: QCNE [n.v.]).
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||
<collectorName id="8D94DC84F882DFA54B7DBBE5BE40572D">Fig.</collectorName>
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||
<figureCitation id="425F2243E3C8B8E88F267BB9812A0323" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Virola alvaroperezii A branch with pistillate inflorescence B lateral view of pistillate perianth (right), as well as a medial section (left) showing the internal side and gynoecium C medial sections of gynoecium, with enlargement of trichomes (right) and stigma (top) D lateral view of gynoecium after perianth has fallen E leaf blade with infructescence F abaxial surface of leaf blade showing the midvein with enlargement of trichomes G fruit with detail of indument (right). Drawn by Bobbi Angell based on G. Tipaz et al. 1789 (A-B MO- 05005569), and G. Tipaz et al. 1789 (C-G MO- 05005570)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688795" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">7</figureCitation>
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</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<caption id="FAF10CE5BAE6DF795930186A2D6B8F14" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688795" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
||
<paragraph id="35CEAF29944F15431433A1BE4976DEEF" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
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||
<emphasis id="6847DCE51556335A7A08A96A709E0417" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Figure 7.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="00BBA1C46B42E4A4B64D271478EEEE6A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola alvaroperezii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="alvaroperezii">
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<emphasis id="2DAC7C000F5BF98E559A320D2E0758F1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Virola alvaroperezii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="4C947DA22146562AB4584F18E953C267" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">A</emphasis>
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branch with pistillate inflorescence
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<emphasis id="C07636643DB21F7B38CAD823B44FD656" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">B</emphasis>
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lateral view of pistillate perianth (right), as well as a medial section (left) showing the internal side and gynoecium
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<emphasis id="341FAB00FB466BA9E434B8C166946FAD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">C</emphasis>
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medial sections of gynoecium, with enlargement of trichomes (right) and stigma (top)
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<emphasis id="671A0B72596DDDFCE0485964A0958C8A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">D</emphasis>
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lateral view of gynoecium after perianth has fallen
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<emphasis id="04826D4E19369D8A44CA57F856C847C6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">E</emphasis>
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leaf blade with infructescence
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<emphasis id="DCB502CAC275C1EDC79E967AF994624C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">F</emphasis>
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abaxial surface of leaf blade showing the midvein with enlargement of trichomes
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<emphasis id="6C91F3360771AAE222F85076B2D8BCA7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">G</emphasis>
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fruit with detail of indument (right). Drawn by Bobbi Angell based on
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<emphasis id="57BDE5E62A16A9FE74C8258642B81A22" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">G. Tipaz et al. 1789</emphasis>
|
||
(
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||
<emphasis id="F0B3BCB29CF44C0A63C2F712D09B9130" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">A-B</emphasis>
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MO-05005569), and
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<emphasis id="C685AF8659A5FDC747922FFDF8841EEC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">G. Tipaz et al. 1789</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="759DF6B74D54BE11EB1F8CF8782BEDD2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">C-G</emphasis>
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MO-05005570).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A5E87602CB730DB0C0EFC49F22830226" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="362A66732DF153548B137EA82BA12894" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1182D1A4A972787A8921E1B9721A35FD" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
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<taxonomicName id="9A82C8040696476991B3D0AC1364C44F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola alvaroperezii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="alvaroperezii">
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<emphasis id="113ACD01E3559A3E38289FBA2653E184" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Virola alvaroperezii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is more similar to
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<taxonomicName id="B43D6D17F233BB074F5E26EE8B7B8A93" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. macrocarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
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<emphasis id="AA7E9898FC336E44805B19C6E459018F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. macrocarpa</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
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<taxonomicName id="CD47A77FAFE5067584F06538AB87C3C4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. otobifolia" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="otobifolia">
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<emphasis id="A61866F9AD0AF11152E298CE6D30F39F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. otobifolia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Colombia, Panama, respectively. All these species have relatively large leaf blades and fruits, with lateral veins that are well separated and the abaxial leaf surface covered with stellate, sessile trichomes. Morphologically, it differs from
|
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<taxonomicName id="A60997D0967F7F2A1C70784583CEB733" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. macrocarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
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||
<emphasis id="77CEF1888062F8E50AE6653C895F22A2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. macrocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="54E4EB1D495198ACD04DBB0716089155" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. otobifolia" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="otobifolia">
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<emphasis id="FCF1BF865637DB9A17A58147A5AEA126" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. otobifolia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the abaxial leaf surface densely pubescent (vs. sparsely pubescent). Additionally, it differs from
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<taxonomicName id="1AE38A293C72B41551B726F994476961" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. macrocarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
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<emphasis id="9BDA28FF110217E35990A90206CEE4BC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. macrocarpa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in having lateral veins that are more separated ([2-] 2.4-2.7 cm apart vs. 0.8-1.5 cm apart), and large fruits (4.3-4.5
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<normalizedToken id="F8A1681A3F936120A39BA4163C9D419A" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
3-3.6 cm vs. 2.7-3.3
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<normalizedToken id="E3F58E371D1A5E2FB398877A34E9CA8D" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
2-2.3 cm). It differs from
|
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<taxonomicName id="1D7BC99E260FD88FA3F415735CE6BFF4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. otobifolia" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="otobifolia">
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<emphasis id="A865BAC18FC4C78A1461C3721A02DA5C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. otobifolia</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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by its wide fruit (3-3.6 cm vs. [1.9-] 2.3-2.9) and thin pericarp (2.8 mm vs. [2.7-] 3-4.7 mm).
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8D697B4975105ABBF638449A62CBD3C1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<emphasis id="85449B39DCADD4DD2CC111FD336CF6B3" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Tree</emphasis>
|
||
30-40 m
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0757B583D299FD27B21E96AB2473CA16" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
60-70 cm diameter, inner bark and
|
||
<emphasis id="E0CE50F90A9C7061F0BE6B013580EFDB" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">exudate</emphasis>
|
||
not described.
|
||
<emphasis id="81B24000227C49D7F9A63D9B367D40EC" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Twigs</emphasis>
|
||
0.37-0.4 cm thick, terete to slightly compressed, inconspicuously pubescent, trichomes dendritic, sessile, ferruginous, without lenticels.
|
||
<emphasis id="993E6AD89CC1C4C0159400FC6AEC8D07" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Leaves</emphasis>
|
||
young terminal bud not seen; petiole 1.5-2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="47F4822633912079B734B053EE6D4A3B" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.34-0.5 cm, terete to slightly canaliculate, sometimes slightly winged, tomentose to tomentulose, the trichomes dendritic; leaf blades 26-28.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0D9342A8B77E54A93D9D87F6A3375286" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
12.1-14 cm, widely elliptic; adaxial surface of mature leaves drying brown to brown-olivaceous, the surface smooth, sometimes shiny, glabrous; abaxial surface drying dark brown-reddish to brown-whitish, densely pubescent, the trichomes stellate, ca. 0.1 mm diameter, sessile, the central part of the trichome dark reddish or colorless, the branches brown-reddish or colorless; lateral veins ca. 15, ca. 3 veins per 5 cm, spaced (2-) 2.4-2.7 cm, adaxially the same color as the leaf surface or slightly darker, flat to slightly raised, abaxially brown to blackish, raised, glabrescent above, densely pubescent to the sides, arcuate-ascending distally, slightly anastomosing near the margin and without forming a marked intramarginal vein; tertiary veins lightly visible on both sides, but especially below; midvein adaxially flat to slightly elevated, abaxially raised, rounded, glabrescent to tomentose; base obtuse, not revolute, flat; margin flat; apex absent.
|
||
<emphasis id="B1CEFB73DD991DEEBA54C32612BE8D39" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Staminate inflorescence</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="68923BD65FA2F3DDBE159A7E75344A69" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">flowers</emphasis>
|
||
unknown.
|
||
<emphasis id="71F247BE3D5CD9B0EFFDDC9AF2C4E822" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Pistillate inflorescence</emphasis>
|
||
ca. 4.2 cm long, axes flattened, tomentose, with trichomes dendritic, ferruginous; peduncle ca. 1.2-1.7
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9CCF859D0AD46C8B346F404F11296D61" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.3-0.35 cm; main axes with 5 ramifications; bracts not seen.
|
||
<emphasis id="B582C0562E42E5D52D84F36391EB014C" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Pistillate flowers</emphasis>
|
||
in terminal fascicles of 2-3 flowers, on a receptacle ca. 6 mm wide; perianth ca. 6 mm long, lanceolate, fleshy, brown when fresh, connate by ca. 3-3.2 mm long, external surface densely pubescent with ferruginous and dendritic trichomes, internal surface pubescent (especially on the lobes); lobes 3, ca. 2.8
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2C37BC115C5B40FD6FC49B077D7DFE72" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.2-1.5 mm and ca. 0.5-0.6 mm thick, without resinous punctuations when rehydrated; gynoecium ca. 2.5-3.1
|
||
<normalizedToken id="EB0C51F91D42ADA720EA4813164D5991" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.5-1.6 mm, conical to subglobose, densely pubescent, the trichomes ferruginous; stigma 2-lobed, ca. 0.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8D9EDA0EA973D27FEF9F175A21CB1C38" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.3 mm, erect, flat seen from above, drying blackish, slightly wavy at the margins.
|
||
<emphasis id="8E840AE84CA46D48D1AEE96AABFAD7BE" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Infructescence</emphasis>
|
||
ca. 4.5 cm long, with 1 or 4 fruits in immature infructescence, peduncle ca. 1.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B88666C8B4E518132737CF648A17E594" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.8 cm.
|
||
<emphasis id="7E0DE394392B5C819B1006899ED0D7BC" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Fruits</emphasis>
|
||
4.3-4.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D121EE6B6A0972D92BCE343228692BA0" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
3-3.6 cm, brown when fresh (probably by the indument), ellipsoid, shortly stipitate, densely tomentose, the trichomes dendritic, sessile, ferruginous, not falling to the touch like dust, the surface rugose, the line of dehiscence smooth to faintly carinate, the base obtuse to truncate, the apex obtuse; pericarp 2.8 mm thick; pedicel 0.6-1 cm long.
|
||
<emphasis id="DBAD4D0C711BDEFF65AD15CEA88E3056" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Seed</emphasis>
|
||
ca. 2.7
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4F24A45DDC86E81014D559861D7295D1" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.6 cm, the testa dark brown to blackish when dry, sulcate; aril described once as red when fresh, dark brown when dry, the texture dry and thin, laciniate almost to the base, in narrow bands distally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="51B52654EC3C467C55A82D9C523981A8" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="B69D11C6F41C95EACD2DF83B7C6FC15F" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Distinctive characters.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3213EF84578562C14FCA131C0E58E206" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0B686938171BB23DCD891ECF07DBB03" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola alvaroperezii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="alvaroperezii">
|
||
<emphasis id="14947F9A7322D877D2FFF5B21CF9D1CF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Virola alvaroperezii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a distinctive species characterized by generally large, wide leaf blades with well-separated lateral veins that are abaxially covered with dense pubescence of stellate, sessile trichomes (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="D0F9AEB05C7878EC8122EC2F2F096AD3" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Comparation of pattern of the lateral veins and trichomes on abaxial leaf surface (below) of the newly described species of Virola and species that are morphologically similar A Virola aguarunana (C. Diaz et al. 7700 A, MO) B V. alvaroperezii (G. Tipaz et al. 1789, MO) C V. bombuscaroensis (J. Homeier 4507, MO) D V. calimensis (M. Monsalve 1769, MO) E V. calophylla (J. E. L. da S. Ribeiro et al. 1138, MO) F V. calophylloidea (C. C. Berg et al. P 18793, MO) G V. cogolloi (A. Cogollo et al. 4198, MO) H V. excisa (C. E. Ceron & F. Hurtado 4147, MO) I V. obovata (R. Vasquez & N. Jaramillo 3822, MO; below from A. [H.] Gentry & J. Revilla 20448, MO) J V. macrocarpa (A. E. Lawrence 675, K below A. E. Lawrence 675, MO) K V. parkeri (A. Monteagudo et al. 10761, MO; below from M. Huaman et al. 334, MO) L V. peruviana (W. H. Lewis et al. 10074, MO) M V. sebifera (R. Aguilar 2171, MO) N V. tuckerae (A. Cogollo et al. 4147, MO) O V. yasuniana (H. Vargas & J. Cerda 678, MO). Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688792" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">4B</figureCitation>
|
||
) and large fruits (4.3-4.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A8308626D2E664E9DB93B4379819F85D" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
3-3.6 cm) with thick pericarp (2.8 mm) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="1041283CC0AD1F986EA46E3EFE5D7AE6" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Comparison of fruits of newly described Virola species, with those species that are morphologically similar to them, noting the shape, indument, a pericarp thickness A V. aguarunana (C. Diaz et al. 7195, MO) B V. alvaroperezii (D. Rubio et al. 2205, MO) C V. bombuscaroensis (J. Homeier 4507, MO) D V. calimensis (M. Monsalve 158, MO) E V. calophylla (J. J. Pipoly 15614, MO) F V. calophylloidea (S. R. Lowrie et al. 54, MO) G V. cogolloi (D. Cardenas & E. Alvarez 3239, MO) H V. macrocarpa (A. E. Lawrance 675, MO) I V. excisa (W. Palacios 3186, MO) J V. obovata (R. Vasquez & N. Jaramillo 3822, MO) K V. peruviana (D. N. Smith & V. Garcia 13841, MO). L V. parkeri (A. Monteagudo et al. 10761, MO) M V. yasuniana (A. Perez & W. Santillan 4361, MO; right and below from V. Zak & S. Espinoza 5149, MO) N V. tuckerae (A. Cogollo et al. 3924, COL). Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688794" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">6B</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is also distinctive for being a large tree (30-40 m tall).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B19D7DAE450A82F803A9C1C42B5C5B9A" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="23086B4F057CC0499297A834EBCC3D10" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CA7C26EB96A4DC88CCD530A0EFB3674F" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
It is a great pleasure to dedicate this new species to the Ecuadoran botanist
|
||
<normalizedToken id="539EF6EBF0EA8EFB05867E5BA70EC51A" originalValue="Álvaro">Alvaro</normalizedToken>
|
||
Javier
|
||
<normalizedToken id="320A282CFB98535113A6EA5E14C8896A" originalValue="Pérez">Perez</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D9513B23474E9F8548F55151D8ECDADC" originalValue="Castañeda">Castaneda</normalizedToken>
|
||
. He is an excellent botanist, collector and expert of the flora of Ecuador, especially the flora of
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E2F77A145F60DEAB8BEF01105D38E64A" originalValue="Yasuní">Yasuni</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Among other contributions, he has described at least 26 from different angiosperm families (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3B83EDA6C86F4C28A5FA19E706F5FB3" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-012-9423-z" author="Perez, AJ" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="157 - 162" refId="B51" refString="Perez, AJ, Klitgard, BB, Saslis-Lagoudakis, C, Valencia, R, 2013. Brownea jaramilloi (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae), a new, over-looked species endemic to the Ecuadorian Amazon. Kew Bulletin 68 (1): 157 - 162, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-012-9423-z" title="Brownea jaramilloi (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae), a new, over-looked species endemic to the Ecuadorian Amazon." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-012-9423-z" volume="68" year="2013">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6035C5549E0D8A1E3FB28F04AF60AFB7" originalValue="Pérez">Perez</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E0F56D835D810AC841CDDE0F20393926" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.147.1.2" author="Torke, B" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="13 - 25" refId="B79" refString="Torke, B, Perez, A, 2013. Notes on the genus Swartzia (Leguminosae) in Ecuador, with descriptions of two new species. Phytotaxa 147 (1): 13 - 25, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.147.1.2" title="Notes on the genus Swartzia (Leguminosae) in Ecuador, with descriptions of two new species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.147.1.2" volume="147" year="2013">
|
||
Torke and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="042853ECBAD65C5CF3039C97BC94F332" originalValue="Pérez">Perez</normalizedToken>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EDE9C462CEA4779D6DE5A5090DBC2A77" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3100/hpib.v20iss1.2015.n7" author="Kawasaki, ML" journalOrPublisher="Harvard Papers in Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="81 - 84" refId="B34" refString="Kawasaki, ML, Perez, AJ, 2015. Two new species of Myrtaceae from Ecuador. Harvard Papers in Botany 20 (1): 81 - 84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3100/hpib.v20iss1.2015.n7" title="Two new species of Myrtaceae from Ecuador." url="https://doi.org/10.3100/hpib.v20iss1.2015.n7" volume="20" year="2015">
|
||
Kawasaki and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="69DA34144C807A7DAC7CCAB2DE7E8174" originalValue="Pérez">Perez</normalizedToken>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E9E03DB4EDA83311E71B3D0C9AABD08D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3100/hpib.v21iss1.2016.n5" author="Kawasaki, ML" journalOrPublisher="Harvard Papers in Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="55 - 58" refId="B35" refString="Kawasaki, ML, Perez, AJ, 2016. New species of Myrtaceae from Yasuni National Park, Ecuador. Harvard Papers in Botany 21 (1): 55 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3100/hpib.v21iss1.2016.n5" title="New species of Myrtaceae from Yasuni National Park, Ecuador." url="https://doi.org/10.3100/hpib.v21iss1.2016.n5" volume="21" year="2016">2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and is coauthor of
|
||
<emphasis id="0AE4B847DC0BCE50E8881330D788D439" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="191D8BF5DB46370F6C8431CD5500E513" originalValue="Árboles">Arboles</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="927C77636710E74636EC146CC3061766" originalValue="emblemáticos">emblematicos</normalizedToken>
|
||
de
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B7A8837934B4A1D49748AA14681C0E8C" originalValue="Yasuní">Yasuni</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Ecuador
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E1229D18D636356E1148970FF1F305E0" author="Perez, AJ" journalOrPublisher="Escuela de Ciencias Biologicas, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" refId="B52" refString="Perez, AJ, Hernandez, C, Romero-Saltos, H, Valencia, R, 2014. Arboles Emblematicos de Yasuni, Ecuador. Quito: Publicaciones del Herbario QCA. Escuela de Ciencias Biologicas, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" title="Arboles Emblematicos de Yasuni, Ecuador. Quito: Publicaciones del Herbario QCA." year="2014">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5B3335604C7EA4E01C62D10E9BBEF826" originalValue="Pérez">Perez</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the treatment of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DF1BF2AD308D0A2134422485E6436355" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
for the
|
||
<emphasis id="053328604193F2BF67A167050A256DD0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Flora of Ecuador</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6142F1EB8F967E157D46767C4481895A" author="Kawasaki, ML" editor="Persson, C" journalOrPublisher="Goeteborg: Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 186" refId="B36" refString="Kawasaki, ML, Holst, BK, Perez Castaneda, AJ, 2019. Myrtaceae. In: Persson, C, Eriksson, R, Romoleroux, K, Stahl, B, Eds., Flora of Ecuador. Goeteborg: Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences 95: 1 - 186" title="Myrtaceae." volume="95" volumeTitle="Flora of Ecuador." year="2019">Kawasaki et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9F81BD9453A48EE1B85C2D8B027506B7" originalValue="Pérez">Perez</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="122DF57651598C664C5ABCF61042D1BB" originalValue="Castañeda">Castaneda</normalizedToken>
|
||
collected specimens of some of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DA2A2AF6D6867E87E829911140763CB3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="83A5F4C2FACA4B847394914BE44C7A67" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Virola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species described here.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1F259488F819BB5EB69099ECCC0D2E83" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="A26502A1BEC56724066F92061CE85D09" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3751CCFE47513AC41C8A6994B34AF012" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="91CC2271BC480FA0ABA6D1DBB3A2760A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola alvaroperezii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="alvaroperezii">
|
||
<emphasis id="E57DC7486419132440E26A3AEBAAFE25" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Virola alvaroperezii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is know from Carchi and Esmeraldas provinces in Ecuador (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="7B8E3320C138F816CFD1DBB36E916187" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Geographic distribution of the new species of Virola." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688806" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">18A</figureCitation>
|
||
). It grows in primary vegetation in premontane rain and very wet forest from (500-) 1600-1800 m.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="58DDC11943CD222BB5DAB1C7A0D541C4" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="phenology">
|
||
<paragraph id="6EA5B7061B78C1024D7A430DF95FA458" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Phenology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0DFF3F8ECC72D290C06423C6F42A83A7" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
Only a single studied specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F12091D07B77218ADB68113AD46C790A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola alvaroperezii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="alvaroperezii">
|
||
<emphasis id="0E61AE1E9D2FD8E275F0544522D30E88" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Virola alvaroperezii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has pistillate flowers; it was collected in August. Staminate flowers were not observed in the studied material. Fruits were collected in August and September.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EAFBBC9B3F86F5132FA1D3E53F6CBE3E" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="common name and uses">
|
||
<paragraph id="2DFA06B96C4A0EC426917DE3E80B861A" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Common name and uses.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5280A0D7F08024813BBCCC913D0949AC" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
Guangare macho (Ecuador;
|
||
<emphasis id="EF04A77E2EE365C20C8AB5BECA156C2D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">C. Aulestia & M. Aulestia 1017</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3A5F641FA4C5DC0DC562F95F7A813619" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="preliminary conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph id="F7E698BA1F84D1A291B61EA1A8DE2C7F" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Preliminary conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E91B4545B0996A1330E3524C4BEFBEA8" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B7CADE128040AC0B6BB0EE281DC53504" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola alvaroperezii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="alvaroperezii">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1AEFDFC2C89E4575E353EC147DA77DB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Virola alvaroperezii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is Endangered following IUCN criteria B1a and B2a. It is known from three localities, has an EOO of 966 km2, and an AOO of 12 km2. Further justifying this status, this new species occurs in a region of very high rates of deforestation due to agricultural pressures (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E0A368CFC3B7E2568F4D2AB87D64EC11" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3390/land11020268" author="Kleemann, J" journalOrPublisher="Land (Basel)" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination=": 268" refId="B37" refString="Kleemann, J, Zamora, C, Villacis-Chiluisa, AB, Cuenca, P, Koo, H, Noh, JK, Fuerst, C, Thiel, M, 2022. Deforestation in continental Ecuador with a focus on protected areas. Land (Basel) 11 (2): 268, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/land11020268" title="Deforestation in continental Ecuador with a focus on protected areas." url="https://doi.org/10.3390/land11020268" volume="11" year="2022">Kleemann et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The only specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98260413668FF1A5FDACFF4D536E8722" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. alvaroperezii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alvaroperezii">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BEC8B70EAE1FA2257D9A33097E19984" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. alvaroperezii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that we were able to verify were collected on the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1E6A09097F8C1AF9E7D92C8CAEF16AE6" originalValue="Awá">Awa</normalizedToken>
|
||
Reserve, and this species may be locally protected by sustainable forestry practices by the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="85FEBB137EB107C06D0252864A477524" originalValue="Awá">Awa</normalizedToken>
|
||
indigenous community (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D23A9793EEFE345C9DBDEB40AE540E0" author="Oviedo, G" journalOrPublisher="Parks" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="49 - 55" publicationUrl="https://www.iucn.org/sites/dev/files/import/downloads/parks_16_1_forweb.pdf" refId="B49" refString="Oviedo, G, 2006. Community conserved areas in South America. Parks 16 (1): 49 - 55, https://www.iucn.org/sites/dev/files/import/downloads/parks_16_1_forweb.pdf" title="Community conserved areas in South America." url="https://www.iucn.org/sites/dev/files/import/downloads/parks_16_1_forweb.pdf" volume="16" year="2006">Oviedo 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="2125A4884862546516C4B4A11F1FE852" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="479767AEFB25EC6C209AA787C59E78A3" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D3E9486932AEDE679960B0D8DCD2A984" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
Herbarium specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FC8203346BB53F806B9765F7DC42587D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola alvaroperezii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="alvaroperezii">
|
||
<emphasis id="24B34764A0DFC6440B3D9B1157AB1F3D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Virola alvaroperezii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been confused with another montane species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="144AA6F9BE8AC754DBA9F941209B1459" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. macrocarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1903FD11B51526D0E2E83693264410C4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. macrocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Colombia (1100 m elevation). It could be confused with another Colombian species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="877D562AD857DD8BF836850F3675052F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. cogolloi" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cogolloi">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CD4E2BB02B5397CFE02F44B6B61E3C3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. cogolloi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(840-1500 m elevation), which is formally described here, as well with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B85737CF917E45D03504AA1C2440640" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. otobifolia" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="otobifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="837D49A9836A98BFCDC74DDDEABF1BCE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. otobifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
D. Santam., recently described from Panama (50-850 m elevation) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA24B5E0E02FA2F75A6496573691EDE1" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979" author="Santamaria-Aguilar, D" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 82" refId="B64" refString="Santamaria-Aguilar, D, Aguilar Fernandez, R, Lagomarsino, LP, 2019. A taxonomic synopsis of Virola (Myristicaceae) in Mesoamerica, including six new species. PhytoKeys 134: 1 - 82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979" title="A taxonomic synopsis of Virola (Myristicaceae) in Mesoamerica, including six new species." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979" volume="134" year="2019">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0DF0061A22FADE755C8F016D172DBC3B" originalValue="Santamaría-Aguilar">Santamaria-Aguilar</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). All these species have relatively large leaf blades and fruits, with lateral veins that are well separated and the abaxial leaf surface covered with stellate, sessile trichomes. Differences among the three species are summarized in Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="12B4BBF755500AD083F920FC85558325" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Comparison of Virola alvaroperezii, with V. cogolloi, V. macrocarpa, and V. otobifolia. † From Smith and Wodehouse (1938)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/EF32D3DA232710F4C4CB22412B64107E" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" tableUuid="EF32D3DA232710F4C4CB22412B64107E">2</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="EF32D3DA232710F4C4CB22412B64107E" ID-Table-UUID="EF32D3DA232710F4C4CB22412B64107E" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/EF32D3DA232710F4C4CB22412B64107E" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" start="Table 2" startId="T2">
|
||
<paragraph id="827F6F06152470D09E50D0F87F261577" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<emphasis id="25F898D9DB1D016B8AD16DFDABE5F583" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Table 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Comparison of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="409E1E8B2627DD26CCB16C6B0E2EB02D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola alvaroperezii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="alvaroperezii">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7BAE5E82F1EF1FAEF39D0FABD77EF35" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Virola alvaroperezii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80708E114A32BCD060AB406DA7F97402" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. cogolloi" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cogolloi">
|
||
<emphasis id="6E22A0D23C3D1B45E640E25EA1A495E2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. cogolloi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9493F05974493117F5AFF9B5063965D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. macrocarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7CB7662D9139FAF897659E27BA9441D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. macrocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FB31591291B617D9980C50609FA5605" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. otobifolia" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="otobifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="1F620C6388BBB00E609DE84EDED54AB9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. otobifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. †From
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="37D947A8420B5E5157E90A867B9F59CC" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2804799" author="Smith, AC" journalOrPublisher="Brittonia" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="393 - 510" refId="B74" refString="Smith, AC, Wodehouse, RP, 1938. The American species of Myristicaceae. Brittonia 2 (5): 393 - 510, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2804799" title="The American species of Myristicaceae." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2804799" volume="2" year="1938">Smith and Wodehouse (1938)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="1A2527D3457F977931DC648CB4E720C6" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<table id="17B9B9F18E60105DC1F9C678084FBF56" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<tr id="60E8D00909A42FBF52159A9D1051B510" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<th id="FABE0E0C6D89EABDD88A4C23AADB3213" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Morphological character</th>
|
||
<th id="B5885E929B9950BF17A7F0BFA8F49456" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="507F754A58F7F840CF8651E9F6B24148" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. alvaroperezii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alvaroperezii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C7C06D35DF85EAC62BCE7C70170A3162" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. alvaroperezii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="EDA85577A2D96C724B434CD812B8CC1E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CE89AA43F04D91AA2B1FECE410AD211C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. cogolloi" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cogolloi">
|
||
<emphasis id="6148F517D2537E992A5CBC14CEB2EAA0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. cogolloi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="6618A1EDC1EA69AEE7931B2AC610E40C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="23D0E39DF7E1815C389B1160F9334BF0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. macrocarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="CDCDFB38076F0AF7F6255E6D64C1ABAA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. macrocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="E1D37D74409EFCD7776D426A2F1B62A9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C278F715A5C1DCEEB4E5E3FC0FF73A0B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. otobifolia" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="otobifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="6E81D58FAEBA8CA24EC218BC0FDCD6AF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. otobifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="83144F476DBD45AB646CE0FFEF31A22E" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<td id="9FB375F709080788CBC30536BA519B8D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Leaf blade size, and pubescence abaxially</td>
|
||
<td id="58F5F5F94667A0B215214BF48E10C364" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
|
||
26-28.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="710AF8E198F613E085320D6426510641" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
12.1-14 cm; densely pubescent (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="CC5FF19A7D5B408B17BE061794AB211E" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Comparation of pattern of the lateral veins and trichomes on abaxial leaf surface (below) of the newly described species of Virola and species that are morphologically similar A Virola aguarunana (C. Diaz et al. 7700 A, MO) B V. alvaroperezii (G. Tipaz et al. 1789, MO) C V. bombuscaroensis (J. Homeier 4507, MO) D V. calimensis (M. Monsalve 1769, MO) E V. calophylla (J. E. L. da S. Ribeiro et al. 1138, MO) F V. calophylloidea (C. C. Berg et al. P 18793, MO) G V. cogolloi (A. Cogollo et al. 4198, MO) H V. excisa (C. E. Ceron & F. Hurtado 4147, MO) I V. obovata (R. Vasquez & N. Jaramillo 3822, MO; below from A. [H.] Gentry & J. Revilla 20448, MO) J V. macrocarpa (A. E. Lawrence 675, K below A. E. Lawrence 675, MO) K V. parkeri (A. Monteagudo et al. 10761, MO; below from M. Huaman et al. 334, MO) L V. peruviana (W. H. Lewis et al. 10074, MO) M V. sebifera (R. Aguilar 2171, MO) N V. tuckerae (A. Cogollo et al. 4147, MO) O V. yasuniana (H. Vargas & J. Cerda 678, MO). Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688792" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">4B</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="F59A625132A369283166C91B2B57C43D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
|
||
25-29.7
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F7B91165CE73D4F3337BC383B5CD1A28" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
(9.2-) 10.8-15 cm; densely pubescent (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="46A69FA12628DC4F3EBAD3D2A280B48C" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Comparation of pattern of the lateral veins and trichomes on abaxial leaf surface (below) of the newly described species of Virola and species that are morphologically similar A Virola aguarunana (C. Diaz et al. 7700 A, MO) B V. alvaroperezii (G. Tipaz et al. 1789, MO) C V. bombuscaroensis (J. Homeier 4507, MO) D V. calimensis (M. Monsalve 1769, MO) E V. calophylla (J. E. L. da S. Ribeiro et al. 1138, MO) F V. calophylloidea (C. C. Berg et al. P 18793, MO) G V. cogolloi (A. Cogollo et al. 4198, MO) H V. excisa (C. E. Ceron & F. Hurtado 4147, MO) I V. obovata (R. Vasquez & N. Jaramillo 3822, MO; below from A. [H.] Gentry & J. Revilla 20448, MO) J V. macrocarpa (A. E. Lawrence 675, K below A. E. Lawrence 675, MO) K V. parkeri (A. Monteagudo et al. 10761, MO; below from M. Huaman et al. 334, MO) L V. peruviana (W. H. Lewis et al. 10074, MO) M V. sebifera (R. Aguilar 2171, MO) N V. tuckerae (A. Cogollo et al. 4147, MO) O V. yasuniana (H. Vargas & J. Cerda 678, MO). Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688792" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">4G</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="CFBC3BABCB488E4F952939B004FBA50B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
|
||
20-40
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C9FC0584E4138A2048B1438540E04129" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
7-11 cm†; sparsely pubescent (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="C74D956771776CEE1CC101D442D599E2" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Comparation of pattern of the lateral veins and trichomes on abaxial leaf surface (below) of the newly described species of Virola and species that are morphologically similar A Virola aguarunana (C. Diaz et al. 7700 A, MO) B V. alvaroperezii (G. Tipaz et al. 1789, MO) C V. bombuscaroensis (J. Homeier 4507, MO) D V. calimensis (M. Monsalve 1769, MO) E V. calophylla (J. E. L. da S. Ribeiro et al. 1138, MO) F V. calophylloidea (C. C. Berg et al. P 18793, MO) G V. cogolloi (A. Cogollo et al. 4198, MO) H V. excisa (C. E. Ceron & F. Hurtado 4147, MO) I V. obovata (R. Vasquez & N. Jaramillo 3822, MO; below from A. [H.] Gentry & J. Revilla 20448, MO) J V. macrocarpa (A. E. Lawrence 675, K below A. E. Lawrence 675, MO) K V. parkeri (A. Monteagudo et al. 10761, MO; below from M. Huaman et al. 334, MO) L V. peruviana (W. H. Lewis et al. 10074, MO) M V. sebifera (R. Aguilar 2171, MO) N V. tuckerae (A. Cogollo et al. 4147, MO) O V. yasuniana (H. Vargas & J. Cerda 678, MO). Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688792" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">4J</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="17D6CCAE5A948EF3912F371547A39C11" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
|
||
(14-) 18.2-42.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2D64DCC1EB02CCA65021246EFFC0DAD0" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
(4.1-) 7.3-14.2 cm; sparsely pubescent
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="D69558889B6CAF0FC28B7EA1D79287AF" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<td id="2B3B5C77EA3EAB1B67BE2B098984FBE4" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Spaced lateral veins</td>
|
||
<td id="3E39FDAA6E4C1F05B5B1E9CAD7FF75F8" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">(2-) 2.4-2.7 cm apart</td>
|
||
<td id="383D65483AB918D4778C199C0DC3AB27" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">1.9-2.5 cm apart</td>
|
||
<td id="3AFED1505E455193D5AA9027C63E4706" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">0.8-1.5 cm apart</td>
|
||
<td id="806D11B558B34D2A521215E9D5434EB3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">1.7-3 cm apart</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="7AE013AD55DC4151C2A12755ACAF8B1F" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<td id="E5EAA962C5C0AA3D3A259A98C1E78721" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Fruit size, and pubescence</td>
|
||
<td id="34CC907BC81801B2E31DA1720852E025" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
|
||
4.3-4.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="66547ADB59B0C1C943D18CF1E50EF5DD" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
3-3.6 cm; with persistent trichomes (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0CDD632693C2380C7E93F1C5149E2B4" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Comparison of fruits of newly described Virola species, with those species that are morphologically similar to them, noting the shape, indument, a pericarp thickness A V. aguarunana (C. Diaz et al. 7195, MO) B V. alvaroperezii (D. Rubio et al. 2205, MO) C V. bombuscaroensis (J. Homeier 4507, MO) D V. calimensis (M. Monsalve 158, MO) E V. calophylla (J. J. Pipoly 15614, MO) F V. calophylloidea (S. R. Lowrie et al. 54, MO) G V. cogolloi (D. Cardenas & E. Alvarez 3239, MO) H V. macrocarpa (A. E. Lawrance 675, MO) I V. excisa (W. Palacios 3186, MO) J V. obovata (R. Vasquez & N. Jaramillo 3822, MO) K V. peruviana (D. N. Smith & V. Garcia 13841, MO). L V. parkeri (A. Monteagudo et al. 10761, MO) M V. yasuniana (A. Perez & W. Santillan 4361, MO; right and below from V. Zak & S. Espinoza 5149, MO) N V. tuckerae (A. Cogollo et al. 3924, COL). Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688794" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">6B</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="E6ED1BD7DD5E88B96581B2264514AE10" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
|
||
2.7-3.2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E1073F23717C8E5132A870A2A97D4253" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.7-2.2 cm; the trichomes do not fall easily like dust (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="B99DEB0DBE67A914AF1C82BFB3E964AD" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Comparison of fruits of newly described Virola species, with those species that are morphologically similar to them, noting the shape, indument, a pericarp thickness A V. aguarunana (C. Diaz et al. 7195, MO) B V. alvaroperezii (D. Rubio et al. 2205, MO) C V. bombuscaroensis (J. Homeier 4507, MO) D V. calimensis (M. Monsalve 158, MO) E V. calophylla (J. J. Pipoly 15614, MO) F V. calophylloidea (S. R. Lowrie et al. 54, MO) G V. cogolloi (D. Cardenas & E. Alvarez 3239, MO) H V. macrocarpa (A. E. Lawrance 675, MO) I V. excisa (W. Palacios 3186, MO) J V. obovata (R. Vasquez & N. Jaramillo 3822, MO) K V. peruviana (D. N. Smith & V. Garcia 13841, MO). L V. parkeri (A. Monteagudo et al. 10761, MO) M V. yasuniana (A. Perez & W. Santillan 4361, MO; right and below from V. Zak & S. Espinoza 5149, MO) N V. tuckerae (A. Cogollo et al. 3924, COL). Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688794" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">6G</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="88933D1ED0038047DA56DDE731184150" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
|
||
2.7-3.3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9C0B28C846B9DAB7635DF35721A51B5F" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
2-2.3 cm†; with caducous trichomes (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="65DC951EF4A56B53E4AEA66545C8C2FE" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Comparison of fruits of newly described Virola species, with those species that are morphologically similar to them, noting the shape, indument, a pericarp thickness A V. aguarunana (C. Diaz et al. 7195, MO) B V. alvaroperezii (D. Rubio et al. 2205, MO) C V. bombuscaroensis (J. Homeier 4507, MO) D V. calimensis (M. Monsalve 158, MO) E V. calophylla (J. J. Pipoly 15614, MO) F V. calophylloidea (S. R. Lowrie et al. 54, MO) G V. cogolloi (D. Cardenas & E. Alvarez 3239, MO) H V. macrocarpa (A. E. Lawrance 675, MO) I V. excisa (W. Palacios 3186, MO) J V. obovata (R. Vasquez & N. Jaramillo 3822, MO) K V. peruviana (D. N. Smith & V. Garcia 13841, MO). L V. parkeri (A. Monteagudo et al. 10761, MO) M V. yasuniana (A. Perez & W. Santillan 4361, MO; right and below from V. Zak & S. Espinoza 5149, MO) N V. tuckerae (A. Cogollo et al. 3924, COL). Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688794" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">6H</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="3CAC90D4CD8B501044792C8C0BEF841C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
|
||
(2.7-) 3.5-4.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8B3604863B7A2EDAE0DA0C38ED2CD9F3" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1.9-) 2.3-2.9 cm; densely tomentose, with persistent trichomes (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="23B0A097F708476FA0ADCE25AD7CBB65" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Fruit morphology of Virola, note shape, pericarp, indument, and arils. Also see the green color of pericarp, and the minutely pubescent, falling easily as dust (A-D, F), and the yellow pericarp (J-M) A Virola sp B V. allenii C V. elongata D V. otobifolia E Virola sp F V. sebifera G Virola sp H Virola sp I V. surinamensis J V. fosteri K V. cf. nobilis L V. laevigata M V. koschnyi N V. chrysocarpa. Photos by Reinaldo Aguilar (B, F, K, L, M, N), Christopher Davidson (A, C, G), Robin Foster (E, H), Alwyn H. Gentry (D), Manuel Morales (J), Luiz O. A. Teixeira (I)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688791" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">3D</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="D1CCAA8CF1AAD139BC0AD81616C5D794" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<td id="5191BA018FF9EE49F98EE38F26BB20E7" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Pericarp thickness</td>
|
||
<td id="9CCF7FD02FE65C92014290CCCA81CDD7" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">2.8 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="BF1755001E23965815C0F1CEBD5282B2" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">1.2-1.6 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="7B0CA5124101247C9C0C2F8D18DFC5EF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">1.8-3 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="33D721AD8F8D49C13096F47C7D968D61" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">(2.7-) 3-4.7 mm</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="091EE5A1E9060B6A6581EF715D72AAAF" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<td id="A954B96897E6218FEF895242DF4787AA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Seed</td>
|
||
<td id="5B40FFA02B166811982987A8E3A9556D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
|
||
2.7
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CF468474850B422895DB625D89A21B34" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.6 cm
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="25086C30570AFF0EC4C97C3CEFE88B63" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
|
||
2.2-2.4
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2BA7C6D5C3043B8F3EEC0504F6CC2828" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.3-1.4 cm
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C4398D003FE06831C420BE9F26BB559A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
|
||
2.2-2.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1921BD25C65D42AD832311B76534363E" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.5-1.7 cm†
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="5F775784E4B7944C5C216B1D018B5BF9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
|
||
2.5-2.8
|
||
<normalizedToken id="316018DB65F2B204752292EEDB43CA90" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.5-1.7 cm
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="77E5628163D8030B44004F66308E1E4E" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="notes">
|
||
<paragraph id="A5652FC37678CCBC4F39F31CE30EFB43" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="164AEDB5D214AC730FAA3A60BC91DAAB" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
The holotype deposited at Missouri Botanical Garden (MO) represents a single collection mounted on two sheets that are clearly labeled (i.e., "Sheet 1 of 2" and "Sheet 2 of 2") as being parts of the same specimen (ICN Art. 8.3;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A013651014C1E7009E1E27A0E6CE5DBD" DOI="https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" author="Turland, NJ" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" refId="B81" refString="Turland, NJ, Wiersema, JH, Barrie, FR, Greuter, W, Hawksworth, DL, Herendeen, PS, Knapp, S, Kusber, W-H, Li, D-Z, Marhold, K, May, TW, McNeill, J, Monro, AM, Prado, J, Price, MJ, Smith, GF [Eds], 2018. International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashuetten. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" title="International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashuetten." url="https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" year="2018">Turland et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); one of the sheets carries pistillate flowers (MO-05005569) and the other, fruits (MO-05005570).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6C455B0980E7398E09DDDA3503896A28" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Leaf size and the number of lateral veins may be higher than presented here, as most of the material examined had broken leaves.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F1938CBF1444D0D3A92747B63CD3DF20" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
The collection
|
||
<emphasis id="F6C88CCE7531A82D25A35600554F45C0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">C. Aulestia & M. Aulestia 1017</emphasis>
|
||
(MO) from Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador bears a fruit (possibly immature) that is smaller (ca. 3.7
|
||
<normalizedToken id="14CA28A2EDBC66AE6A9C8CE96261439D" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.6 cm) with thinner pericarp (ca. 2 mm) than other specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5AF2C4BC158B9D3009149CCE58E4F05" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. alvaroperezii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alvaroperezii">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2383840C879961AA92DEC4665665869" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. alvaroperezii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, it otherwise matches very well including in its leaf morphology, tall tree habit, and occurrence
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F2E4C06C193ACB43C960BC320BE36851" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Mira basin; for this reason, it is included in the concept we have adopted, although the fruit measurement is not included in the description.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7173DD323E2E61C413AED154837B3EAC" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
The fruit specimen
|
||
<emphasis id="24B0E0C68282D229B650C8F89BF8038B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">H. Vargas et al. 4603</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, QCNE [image!]), also from Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador, could not be confirmed to the species. It is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EAA0A4DF1EE1C854F4E86D123C296309" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. alvaroperezii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alvaroperezii">
|
||
<emphasis id="6BAF65A4EBFC1E4BD0E771898CAFBD68" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. alvaroperezii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its leaf morphology (e.g. size, pubescence and trichomes, lateral vein spacing); however, its fruits are rounded and smaller (ca. 3.2-3.3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E588B8DE6DFCB1294BFB33B0F5A154A1" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.6-2.7 mm) with a conspicuous carina.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F18565D5327B374AAF84B282C9B2A59" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
The two collections of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F68AC2132A35DFBA8AA1971E59DD670B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. macrocarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6D8DA05C9EDE7908C474D2438F06D84" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. macrocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Carchi Province that are cited in
|
||
<emphasis id="99AA0D510C64E3E9B3EA6FF898CBBAD2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Flora of Ecuador</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4BA2B6D4622EA0E415B6E87A210F398C" author="Jaramillo, TS" editor="Harling, GW" journalOrPublisher="University of Goeteborg, Goeteborg" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 101" refId="B33" refString="Jaramillo, TS, Muriel, P, Balslev, H, 2004. Myristicaceae. In: Harling, GW, Andersson, L, Eds., Flora of Ecuador. University of Goeteborg, Goeteborg 72: 1 - 101" title="Myristicaceae." volume="72" volumeTitle="Flora of Ecuador." year="2004">Jaramillo et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) correspond to this new species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="2F48F9AFB62206284E528789B0B32D2D" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="5AC1EEC34D640A835544DEAB29514E56" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D7DB4C106DEC783C897B53CFDC899C29" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E5291F8EC0803B33B9FA263F37DDBF0C" collectingDate="1991-09-20" collectorName="Comunidad El Baboso, de Lita, D. Rubio" country="Ecuador" county="Tulcan" elevation="1600" latitude="0.8833333" location="Comunidad El Baboso" longLatPrecision="1308" longitude="-78.333336" municipality="Reserva Indigena Awa" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Carchi">
|
||
<emphasis id="E73AF8DD5589DAE133BC07A4E8E23B2E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B0F0BF03025F85E8EFB69C821153AF43" name="Ecuador">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4AE0CD35D5C0806EB6FB8FBAD33E1D44" country="Ecuador" name="Carchi">Carchi</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<normalizedToken id="420A426E89E419CB7B2CF60EB0519CDB" originalValue="Tulcán">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="9B8B097ED38C825B1F294B050F4548FC">Tulcan</collectingCounty>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="33FDC20B173718F345D000D3EB4D5E1B" originalValue="cantón">canton</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="CA129068017802F415948E90C12AD63E">
|
||
Reserva
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9F11812153B20ADBF82A545B3A70E38B" originalValue="Indígena">Indigena</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A7FFE7B9287E3517CFA159145EB43F8D" originalValue="Awá">Awa</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="CE339E97C03F8C41D7F943E9AF0A2FB5">
|
||
<location id="78D9A06C93819E1FA2BF86F699E3A32E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1D9442D9ED21599C9E139ED331D901D4:78D9A06C93819E1FA2BF86F699E3A32E" country="Ecuador" county="Tulcan" latitude="0.8833333" longLatPrecision="1308" longitude="-78.333336" municipality="Reserva Indigena Awa" name="Comunidad El Baboso" stateProvince="Carchi">Comunidad El Baboso</location>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="FA74335D3B3CF6FE490B9A58974C1FB1" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="km" value="12.0">12 km</quantity>
|
||
al norte
|
||
<collectorName id="F5BFFD0245C3E6F932A3E525565AB0F1">de Lita</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="91DFAC820A9587C6EF2464C14EB159ED" degrees="00" direction="north" minutes="53" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="0.8833333">00°53'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6749ADA37E82C8196CAD420D6990A93E" degrees="078" direction="west" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.333336">078°20'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="EEB8B34E3459F63CF79369D23B8511EF" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" unit="m" value="1600.0">
|
||
<elevation id="A9C8458E41ACA4DDC7A06D68EEF436BD" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" unit="m" value="1600.0">1600 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="A40EEE021D2D56118F38A32C60C26233" value="1991-09-20">20 Sep 1991</collectingDate>
|
||
(fr),
|
||
<emphasis id="1CA40F83EC3367095C7E5CBA3D91BDDD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<collectorName id="67889FBBB7F555AE253BCEE6C9899895">D. Rubio</collectorName>
|
||
et al. 2205
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MO!, QCNE [n.v.])
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="C4D92DACBFF8562D3DB8BF7284F0E15F" collectingDate="1993-01-21" collectorName="C. Aulestia, M. Aulestia" country="Ecuador" county="Reserva Etnica Awa" elevation="500" latitude="1.1333333" location="Centro Pambilar" longLatPrecision="1308" longitude="-78.6" municipality="Parroquia Ricaurte" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Esmeraldas">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D3870166D485E732B9BB142D986750" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B2A9ED3AB572BA70856C08EB48DDA70B" country="Ecuador" name="Esmeraldas">Esmeraldas</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty id="51AA1332589B2B04EC68B6E7CB72B1F4">
|
||
Reserva Etnica
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AF974919D7A3BD1D6B7F7F9494C36DBC" originalValue="Awá">Awa</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="E79D684D22CE43C7185CEAECE916C5B5">Parroquia Ricaurte</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="E3FB2868761191857B55E22EF85333B6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1D9442D9ED21599C9E139ED331D901D4:E3FB2868761191857B55E22EF85333B6" country="Ecuador" county="Reserva Etnica Awa" latitude="1.1333333" longLatPrecision="1308" longitude="-78.6" municipality="Parroquia Ricaurte" name="Centro Pambilar" stateProvince="Esmeraldas">Centro Pambilar</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="2A79A848C5835E583003BE80BCEACD23" degrees="01" direction="north" minutes="08" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="1.1333333">01°08'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="83E12B21A523AB61B0AE6A1C6D03A12A" degrees="078" direction="west" minutes="36" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.6">078°36'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="D3139824B970855DC70DC19A95F8A484" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="m" value="500.0">
|
||
<elevation id="6862F5D04A3B4FE9812BBD7320417940" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="0397C0E5074BBE434688AFB145D6790C" value="1993-01-21">21 Jan 1993</collectingDate>
|
||
(fr),
|
||
<emphasis id="5EE4B707415FE6D25B4CEA28ED0041DF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<collectorName id="374E9D4FBE9E2B0DFA0C7362BA4831DA">C. Aulestia</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="AF31C623A09DD10AFB8FA32064A6942E">M. Aulestia</collectorName>
|
||
1017
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MO!, QCNE [n.v.])
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |