184 lines
23 KiB
XML
184 lines
23 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="1C6908B2E46613BF47F5486235CC766C">Four palaeonemerteans (Nemertea: Anopla) from a tidal flat in middle Honshu, Japan</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="AC73B5C602B5799B92DC2E11635C12A8">2006</mods:date>
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<paragraph id="8B94E041FF8A5664FB3F94A9FCA3F95A" blockId="2.[264,769,1755,1781]" box="[264,769,1755,1781]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<heading id="D0DC572DFF8A5664FB3F94A9FCA3F95A" bold="true" box="[264,769,1755,1781]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="1">
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Family
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<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FF8A5664FB5094A9FCA3F95A" ID-CoL="ffa325df-1a57-465d-9d55-4094e841ebb5" authority="Burger, 1904" authorityName="Burger" authorityYear="1904" box="[359,769,1755,1781]" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Tubulanidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nemertea" rank="family">Tubulanidae Bürger, 1904 (1874)</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="8B94E041FF8A5664FB3F955EFDD5F8EC" blockId="2.[264,984,1836,1894]" box="[264,631,1836,1859]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FF8A5664FB3F955EFDD1F8EC" authority="McIntosh, 1874: 137" authorityName="McIntosh" authorityPageNumber="137" authorityYear="1874" box="[264,627,1836,1859]" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Carinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nemertea" rank="family">Carinellidae McIntosh, 1874: 137</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B94E041FF8A5665FB3F953FFDBCFE9A" blockId="2.[264,984,1836,1894]" lastBlockId="3.[264,1322,284,870]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FF8A5664FB3F953FFDF7F8CB" ID-CoL="ffa325df-1a57-465d-9d55-4094e841ebb5" authority="Burger, 1904 a: 10" authorityName="Burger" authorityPageNumber="10" authorityYear="1904" box="[264,597,1869,1892]" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Tubulanidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nemertea" rank="family">
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Tubulanidae
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8AC650FF8A5664FBA4953FFDF7F8CB" author="Burger, O." box="[403,597,1869,1892]" page="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1904">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBA9DB0FF8A5664FBA4953FFD8FF8CB" author="Burger, O." box="[403,557,1869,1892]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 151" refId="ref13519" refString="Burger, O. (1904 a) Nemertini. Das Tierreich, 20, 1 - 151." type="journal article" year="1904">Bürger, 1904a</bibRefCitation>
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: 10
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBA9DB0FF8A5664F857953FFD49F8CB" author="Burger, O." box="[608,747,1869,1892]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="481 - 542" refId="ref13568" refString="Burger, O. (1897 - 1907) Nemertini (Schnurwurmer). In: Bronn, H. G. (Ed.), Klassen und Ordnungen des Tier-Reichs, wissenschaftlich dargestellt in Wort und Bild, Vierter Band, Supplement. C. F. Winterische Verlagshandlung, Leipzig, viii + 542 pp. [1897: pp. 1 - 176; 1898: pp. 177 - 240; 1899: pp. 241 - 288; 1903: pp. 289 - 384; 1905: pp. 385 - 480; 1907: pp. 481 - 542]" type="book chapter" year="1897">
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Bürger,
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<date id="FF95C681FF8A5664F881953FFD49F8CB" box="[694,747,1869,1892]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1897" valueMax="1907">1897</date>
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</bibRefCitation>
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–1907: 401, 402, 405.
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<emphasis id="B95F3C53FF8B5665FB3F936EFDBCFE9A" box="[264,542,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Nomenclatural remarks</emphasis>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B94E041FF8B5665FB0F9336FB46FDD9" blockId="3.[264,1322,284,870]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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In response to
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBA9DB0FF8B5665FBD39336FD0DFEF1" author="Melville, R. V." box="[484,687,324,350]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="112 - 114" refId="ref14919" refString="Melville, R. V. (1986) Tubulanus Renier, [1804] and T. polymorphus Renier, [1804] (Polychaeta): proposed reinstatement under the plenary powers. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 43, 112 - 114." type="journal article" year="1986">Melville’s (1986)</bibRefCitation>
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proposal, ICZN (1988) ruled under Article 40b of the third edition of the Code (ICZN 1985) that the name
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<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FF8B5665F946931EFBA0FE29" ID-CoL="ffa325df-1a57-465d-9d55-4094e841ebb5" authorityName="Burger" authorityYear="1904" box="[881,1026,364,390]" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Tubulanidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nemertea" rank="family">Tubulanidae</taxonomicName>
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has precedence over, but takes the date of, its senior subjective synonym
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<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FF8B5665F96D93E6FC4FFE01" authorityName="McIntosh" authorityYear="1874" box="[858,1005,404,430]" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Carinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nemertea" rank="family">Carinellidae</taxonomicName>
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. In his proposal,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBA9DB0FF8B5665FEF293E6FEF4FE79" author="Melville, R. V." pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="112 - 114" refId="ref14919" refString="Melville, R. V. (1986) Tubulanus Renier, [1804] and T. polymorphus Renier, [1804] (Polychaeta): proposed reinstatement under the plenary powers. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 43, 112 - 114." type="journal article" year="1986">Melville (1986)</bibRefCitation>
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stated that the name
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<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FF8B5665F87A93CEFC90FE7A" ID-CoL="RDC6" box="[589,818,444,469]" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Tubulanidae" genus="Carinella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tubulaniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="trilineata">
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<emphasis id="B95F3C53FF8B5665F87A93CEFC90FE7A" box="[589,818,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Carinella trilineata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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“has been regarded as a synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FF8B5665FED193CEFE4EFE52" ID-CoL="59JZ9" authorityName="Renier" authorityYear="1804" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Tubulanidae" genus="Tubulanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tubulaniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="polymorphus">
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<emphasis id="B95F3C53FF8B5665FED193CEFE4EFE52" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Tubulanus polymorphus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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since at least 1905”, referring to
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBA9DB0FF8B5665F9A69396FB90FE51" author="Burger, O." box="[913,1074,484,510]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="481 - 542" refId="ref13568" refString="Burger, O. (1897 - 1907) Nemertini (Schnurwurmer). In: Bronn, H. G. (Ed.), Klassen und Ordnungen des Tier-Reichs, wissenschaftlich dargestellt in Wort und Bild, Vierter Band, Supplement. C. F. Winterische Verlagshandlung, Leipzig, viii + 542 pp. [1897: pp. 1 - 176; 1898: pp. 177 - 240; 1899: pp. 241 - 288; 1903: pp. 289 - 384; 1905: pp. 385 - 480; 1907: pp. 481 - 542]" type="book chapter" year="1897">
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||
Bürger (
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<date id="FF95C681FF8B5665F9C19396FB90FE51" box="[1014,1074,484,510]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1897" valueMax="1907">1897</date>
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
–1907), and that the family
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<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FF8B5665FB57907EFE53FD89" ID-CoL="ffa325df-1a57-465d-9d55-4094e841ebb5" authorityName="Burger" authorityYear="1904" box="[352,497,524,550]" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Tubulanidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nemertea" rank="family">Tubulanidae</taxonomicName>
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“should be cited with the date ‘1905 (1874)’”. The ICZN’s ruling, basically following Melville’s proposal, states that “the name
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<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FF8B5665F9C69046FEF4FDD9" ID-CoL="ffa325df-1a57-465d-9d55-4094e841ebb5" authority="Burger, 1905" authorityName="Burger" authorityYear="1905" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Tubulanidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nemertea" rank="family">Tubulanidae Bürger, 1905 (1874)</taxonomicName>
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... is hereby placed on the Official List of FamilyGroup Names in Zoology”.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C331B3CAFF8B5665FB0F90F6FBD4FCC9" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B94E041FF8B5665FB0F90F6FBD4FCC9" blockId="3.[264,1322,284,870]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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Bürger’s (
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<date id="FF95C681FF8B5665FB9990F6FD97FD31" box="[430,565,644,670]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1897" valueMax="1907">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBA9DB0FF8B5665FB9990F6FE4BFD31" author="Burger, O." box="[430,489,644,670]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="481 - 542" refId="ref13568" refString="Burger, O. (1897 - 1907) Nemertini (Schnurwurmer). In: Bronn, H. G. (Ed.), Klassen und Ordnungen des Tier-Reichs, wissenschaftlich dargestellt in Wort und Bild, Vierter Band, Supplement. C. F. Winterische Verlagshandlung, Leipzig, viii + 542 pp. [1897: pp. 1 - 176; 1898: pp. 177 - 240; 1899: pp. 241 - 288; 1903: pp. 289 - 384; 1905: pp. 385 - 480; 1907: pp. 481 - 542]" type="book chapter" year="1897">1897</bibRefCitation>
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–1907
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</date>
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) book was published in six different parts, and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBA9DB0FF8B5665FE5890F6FA8AFD31" author="Melville, R. V." box="[1135,1320,644,670]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="112 - 114" refId="ref14919" refString="Melville, R. V. (1986) Tubulanus Renier, [1804] and T. polymorphus Renier, [1804] (Polychaeta): proposed reinstatement under the plenary powers. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 43, 112 - 114." type="journal article" year="1986">Melville (1986)</bibRefCitation>
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was correct in that the relevant part about the replacement of
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FF8B5665FE3E90DEFB3AFD69" authorityName="McIntosh" authorityYear="1874" box="[1033,1176,684,710]" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Carinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nemertea" rank="family">Carinellidae</taxonomicName>
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||
with
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<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FF8B5665FED390DEFEFEFD41" authorityName="Burger" authorityYear="1905" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Tubulanidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nemertea" rank="family">Tubulanidae</taxonomicName>
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||
was published in 1905 (pp. 401, 402, 405). However, the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FF8B5665FE5290A6FB54FD41" authorityName="Burger" authorityYear="1905" box="[1125,1270,724,750]" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Tubulanidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nemertea" rank="family">Tubulanidae</taxonomicName>
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||
had already appeared prior to
|
||
<quantity id="4CD34DA4FF8B5665F804908EFD2EFCB9" box="[563,652,764,790]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8387" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="in" value="1905.0">1905 in</quantity>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBA9DB0FF8B5665F8A4908EFCEBFCB9" author="Burger, O." box="[659,841,764,790]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 151" refId="ref13519" refString="Burger, O. (1904 a) Nemertini. Das Tierreich, 20, 1 - 151." type="journal article" year="1904">Bürger (1904a)</bibRefCitation>
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||
. Thus the family name should be cited as “
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FF8B5665FB259156FD3CFC91" authority="Burger, 1904" authorityName="Burger" authorityYear="1904" box="[274,670,804,830]" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Tubulanidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nemertea" rank="family">Tubulanidae Bürger, 1904 (1874)</taxonomicName>
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||
”, with the date of priority being enclosed in parentheses in accordance with Recommendation 40A of the Code (ICZN 1985, 1999).
|
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="C331B3CAFF8B5665FB3F91B6FC52FBE4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B94E041FF8B5665FB3F91B6FD36FC71" blockId="3.[264,660,964,990]" box="[264,660,964,990]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="B95F3C53FF8B5665FB3F91B6FD36FC71" bold="true" box="[264,660,964,990]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Genus
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FF8B5665FB6891B6FD36FC71" authority="Hubrecht, 1885" authorityName="Hubrecht" authorityYear="1885" box="[351,660,964,990]" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Tubulanidae" genus="Carinina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carinomiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FF8B5665FB6891B6FE6EFC71" bold="true" box="[351,460,964,990]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Carinina</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA9DB0FF8B5665FBE391B6FD36FC71" author="Hubrecht, A. A. W." box="[468,660,964,990]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="830 - 833" refId="ref14316" refString="Hubrecht, A. A. W. (1885) The Nemertea. Narrativ of the Cruise of H. M. S. Challenger Expedition, 1, 830 - 833." type="journal article" year="1885">Hubrecht, 1885</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B94E041FF8B5665FB3F9666FDF1FB84" blockId="3.[264,1008,1044,1099]" box="[264,595,1044,1067]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3BC76FFF8B5665FB3F9666FDF1FB84" box="[264,595,1044,1067]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FF8B5665FB3F9666FDECFB84" authority="Hubrecht, 1885: 830" authorityName="Hubrecht" authorityPageNumber="830" authorityYear="1885" box="[264,590,1044,1067]" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Tubulanidae" genus="Carinina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carinomiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FF8B5665FB3F9666FECAFB84" box="[264,360,1044,1067]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Carinina</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8AC650FF8B5665FB589666FDECFB84" author="Hubrecht, A. A. W." box="[367,590,1044,1067]" page="830" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1885">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA9DB0FF8B5665FB589666FDBBFB84" author="Hubrecht, A. A. W." box="[367,537,1044,1067]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="830 - 833" refId="ref14316" refString="Hubrecht, A. A. W. (1885) The Nemertea. Narrativ of the Cruise of H. M. S. Challenger Expedition, 1, 830 - 833." type="journal article" year="1885">Hubrecht, 1885</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 830
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B94E041FF8B5665FB3F9646FC52FBE4" blockId="3.[264,1008,1044,1099]" box="[264,1008,1076,1099]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3BC76FFF8B5665FB3F9646FC52FBE4" box="[264,1008,1076,1099]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FF8B5665FB3F9646FD26FBE4" ID-CoL="85HLJ" authority="Bergendal, 1902 a: 422" authorityName="Bergendal" authorityPageNumber="422" authorityYear="1902" box="[264,644,1076,1099]" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Carininidae" genus="Procarinina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carinomiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FF8B5665FB3F9646FE2BFBE4" box="[264,393,1076,1099]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Procarinina</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8AC650FF8B5665FBA79646FD26FBE4" author="Bergendal, D." box="[400,644,1076,1099]" page="422" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1902">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA9DB0FF8B5665FBA79646FDF2FBE4" author="Bergendal, D." box="[400,592,1076,1099]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="421 - 432" refId="ref13388" refString="Bergendal, D. (1902 a) Zur Kenntnis der nordischen Nemertinen. 2. Eine der construierten Urnemertine entsprechende Palaeonemerine aus dem Meere der schwedischen Westkuste. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 25, 421 - 432." type="journal article" year="1902">Bergendal, 1902a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 422
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, synonymised by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA9DB0FF8B5665F9739646FC4EFBE4" author="Hylbom, R." box="[836,1004,1076,1099]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="539 - 582" refId="ref14409" refString="Hylbom, R. (1957) Studies on palaeonemerteans of the Gullmar Fiord area (West Coast of Sweden). Arkiv for Zoologi, 10, 539 - 582." type="journal article" year="1957">Hylbom (1957)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C331B3CAFF8B5665FB3F960EFCB5FB49" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B94E041FF8B5665FB3F960EFCB5FB49" blockId="3.[264,1322,1148,1254]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FF8B5665FB3F960EFE3AFB3A" box="[264,408,1148,1173]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54905EE3FF8B5665FB3F960EFE9DFB3A" box="[264,319,1148,1173]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FF8B5665FB0F96D6FD0EFB11" authority="Hubrecht, 1887" authorityName="Hubrecht" authorityYear="1887" box="[312,684,1188,1214]" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Tubulanidae" genus="Carinina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carinomiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="grata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FF8B5665FB0F96D6FE48FB12" box="[312,490,1188,1213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Carinina grata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA9DB0FF8B5665FBC596D6FD0EFB11" author="Hubrecht, A. A. W." box="[498,684,1188,1214]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref14350" refString="Hubrecht, A. A. W. (1887) Report on the nemertea collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the Years 1873 - 76. Reports of the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger 1873 - 1876, Zoology, 19, 1 - 150." type="journal article" year="1887">Hubrecht, 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by monotypic designation; first mentioned in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA9DB0FF8B5665FEE096D6FE23FB49" author="Hubrecht, A. A. W." pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="830 - 833" refId="ref14316" refString="Hubrecht, A. A. W. (1885) The Nemertea. Narrativ of the Cruise of H. M. S. Challenger Expedition, 1, 830 - 833." type="journal article" year="1885">Hubrecht (1885)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
but with no specific epithet given.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C331B3CAFF8B5665FB3F976EFB6AF969" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B94E041FF8B5665FB3F976EFEDDFA9A" blockId="3.[264,1321,1308,1734]" box="[264,383,1308,1333]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FF8B5665FB3F976EFEDDFA9A" box="[264,383,1308,1333]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B94E041FF8B5665FB0F9736FB6AF969" blockId="3.[264,1321,1308,1734]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Brain and lateral nerve cords situated in epidermis; bodywall musculature consisting of outer circular, diagonal (occasionally), longitudinal, and inner circular muscle layers; longitudinal muscle plate present between rhynchocoel and alimentary canal; rhynchocoel wall consisting only of circular muscle layer in many species, but is occasionally composed of thin inner longitudinal muscle layer and outer layer of interwoven longitudinal and circular muscle fibres; excretory organs with glandlike anterior parts in close connection with lateral blood vessels, nephridial canals running posteriorly from the glandlike portions inside bodywall inner circular muscle layer, at their rear turning at right angles towards body surface to open at an excretory pore; two proboscis nerves extend forward from ventral commissure of brain, entering rhynchodaeum in tip of head; no eyes.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |