377 lines
28 KiB
XML
377 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.246.3766" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fd435a24-afdb-4209-9675-c7aba340381a" ID-PMC="PMC3520143" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-246-11" ID-PubMed="23275748" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-246-11" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 246" ModsDocTitle="Morphology of the first-instar nymph and adult female of Kermes echinatus Balachowsky, with a comparison to K. vermilio Planchon (Hemiptera, Coccoidea, Kermesidae)" checkinTime="1451247898646" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Spodek, Malkie & Ben-Dov, Yair" docDate="2012" docId="442CFA33801C233493C4D0558F29B29D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 246: 11-26" docOrigin="ZooKeys 246" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.246.3766" docTitle="Kermes echinatus Balachowsky" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="DB378A13FF938E71FF93031DFFC37824" masterDocTitle="Morphology of the first-instar nymph and adult female of Kermes echinatus Balachowsky, with a comparison to K. vermilio Planchon (Hemiptera, Coccoidea, Kermesidae)" masterLastPageNumber="26" masterPageNumber="11" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1668154956418" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Morphology of the first-instar nymph and adult female of Kermes echinatus Balachowsky, with a comparison to K. vermilio Planchon (Hemiptera, Coccoidea, Kermesidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Spodek, Malkie</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ben-Dov, Yair</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>246</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>11</mods:start>
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<mods:end>26</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.246.3766</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.246.3766</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-246-11</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152039050" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:442CFA33801C233493C4D0558F29B29D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/442CFA33801C233493C4D0558F29B29D" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="13">
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="13">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Kermes_echinatus" authority="Balachowsky" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kermes echinatus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">Kermes echinatus Balachowsky</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="13" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="13">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kermes echinatus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">Kermes echinatus</taxonomicName>
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Balachowsky, 1953:181
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="13" type="note">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="13">Note.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="13">
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This species was originally described from the first-instar nymph collected from Israel, Nahalal forest, off
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus coccifera" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccifera">Quercus coccifera</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="13" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="13">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="13">
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Adult female of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kermes echinatus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">Kermes echinatus</taxonomicName>
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. Israel: All material was collected off
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus calliprinos" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calliprinos">Quercus calliprinos</taxonomicName>
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by M. Spodek. At least twenty specimens were examined and all material is deposited in ICVI. Alonei Abba Reserve, 19.vi.2011, 26.vi.2011, 3.vi.2012 (MC:530, C:4999), MC:711); Eilon, 19.vi.2011, 22.vi.2011, 26.vi.2011, 3.vi.2012 (MC:533, MC:542, C:4998), MC:692); Nahal Dolev Reserve, 27.vi.2010, 17.vi.2011, 8.vi.2012, 15.vi.2012, 22.vi.2012 (MC:261, MC:699, MC:528, MC:695, MC:709); Hanita, 6.vi.2010 (MC:227);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Mas’ada">Mas'ada</normalizedToken>
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, 4.vii.2010 (MC:285); Nebi Hazuri, 4.vii.2010, 6.vii.2011 (MC:288, MC:556).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="13" type="first-instar nymph of k. echinatus">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="13">
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First-instar nymph of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kermes echinatus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">Kermes echinatus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="13">
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Israel: Syntype (ICVI C:3691, MNHN 1065-8), Nahalal Forest,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus coccifera" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccifera">Quercus coccifera</taxonomicName>
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10.v.1950, Bytinski-Salz; All non-type material was collected off
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus calliprinos" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calliprinos">Quercus calliprinos</taxonomicName>
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by M. Spodek, unless otherwise stated; at least twenty specimens were examined and all material is deposited in ICVI. Alonei Abba Reserve, 15.vii.2010, 26.vi.2011, 15.vii.2012 (MC:289, MC:559, MC:719); Eilon, 26.ix.2010, 21.iv.2011, 17.vi.2011, 1.vii.2011, 22.vii.2012 (MC:306, MC:486, MC:499, MC:550, MC:718); Hanita, 13.iii.2011 (MC:457); Nahal Dolev, 22.viii.2010, 8.viii.2011, 1.vii.2012 (MC:293, MC:562, MC:717); Nebi Hazuri, 17.viii.2000, Y. Ben-Dov (C:3409), 4.vii.2010, 6.vii.2011, 17.vii.2011, (C:4818, C:5003, MC:561); Neve Zuf, 10.vii.2000, 18.vii.2003, Y. Ben-Dov (C:4752, C:4751); Timrat, 21.vii.2011, 25.iii.2012 (MC:563, MC:651).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="13" type="comparative material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="13">Comparative material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="13">
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Adult female of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kermes vermilio" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">Kermes vermilio</taxonomicName>
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.France: Corsica,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus ilex" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ilex">Quercus ilex</taxonomicName>
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, 7.vi.1999, J. Casevitz-Weal (2 specimens, ICVI C:3277); Le Vert Lasalle,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus coccifera" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccifera">Quercus coccifera</taxonomicName>
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, 7.v.2007, D. Cardon (3 specimens, ICVI C:4257); Italy: Portofino,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus ilex" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ilex">Quercus ilex</taxonomicName>
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, 27.v.1971, D. Matile-Ferrero (2 specimens, MNHN 4594-2), Pistoia,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus ilex" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ilex">Quercus ilex</taxonomicName>
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, 13.viii.1986, A. Belcari (2 specimens, MNHN 10732-1), Bitonto (Bari),
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus ilex" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ilex">Quercus ilex</taxonomicName>
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, 25.vii.2012, F. Porcelli (10 specimens, ICVI C-5132); Spain: Mieras (Gerona),
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus coccifera" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccifera">Quercus coccifera</taxonomicName>
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, 7.v.1987, A. Verhecken (1 specimen, MNHN 11526-1).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="13" type="first-instar nymph of k. vermilio">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="13">
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First-instar nymph of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kermes vermilio" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">Kermes vermilio</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="13">
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France: Le Vert Lasalle,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus coccifera" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccifera">Quercus coccifera</taxonomicName>
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, 24.vi.2007, D. Cardon (47 specimens, ICVI C:4272); Italy: Pistoia,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus ilex" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ilex">Quercus ilex</taxonomicName>
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, 13.viii.1986, A. Belcari (6 specimens, MNHN 10732-3), Bitonto (Bari),
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus ilex" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ilex">Quercus ilex</taxonomicName>
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, 28.viii.2012, F. Porcelli (20 specimens, ICVI C-5133); Spain: Mieras (Gerona),
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus coccifera" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccifera">Quercus coccifera</taxonomicName>
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, 7.v.1987, A. Verhecken (1 specimen, MNHN 11526-2).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="14">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="14" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
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adult female.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="14">General appearance. Young, pre-reproductive adult: Oval, soft and slightly convex; dorsum brownish-grey with 4 or 5 black longitudinal and 6-9 black transverse lines formed of dots and lines; 2.5-3.2 mm long and 2-3 mm wide (Fig. 1). Fully-mature reproductive female highly convex; dorsum brownish-grey with black, longitudinal and transverse lines; body tapering posteriorly (Figs 2, 3). Post-reproductive female oval and moderately convex, 2.9-4.4 mm long, 2.7-5.1 mm wide and 3.2-4.8 mm high; dorsum sclerotized; red with 6-9 black, transverse black lines represented as reticulated folds (Fig. 4).</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="14">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="14">
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Figure 1.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kermes echinatus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">Kermes echinatus</taxonomicName>
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Balachowsky young adult female, general appearance.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="14">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="14">
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Figure 2.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kermes echinatus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">Kermes echinatus</taxonomicName>
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Balachowsky mature reproductive female, general appearance.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="14">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="14">
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Figure 3.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kermes echinatus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">Kermes echinatus</taxonomicName>
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Balachowsky gravid females on tree trunk, general appearance.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="14">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="14">
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Figure 4.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kermes echinatus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">Kermes echinatus</taxonomicName>
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Balachowsky female with emerging first-instar nymphs.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="14">Slide-mountedadult female. 2-3 mm long and 2-2.8 mm wide (Fig. 5).</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="14">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="14">
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Figure 5.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kermes echinatus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">Kermes echinatus</taxonomicName>
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Balachowsky adult female.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="14">
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Margin. Marginal setae conical, 12-13
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long and 10-11
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide at base; arranged in a single row of 30-38 setae on each margin.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="14">
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Dorsum. Dorsal setae hair-like, 7-9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, in submarginal band from cephalic tip of body to posterior end of body, about 28-33 on each side. Conical setae, similar in shape to marginal setae, randomly placed on dorsum, with 7-11 setae on each side; each seta 10-13
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long and 7-10 wide at base. Bilocular pores oval with a sclerotized rim, each 3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long and 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide; present throughout. Tubular ducts diffused throughout dorsum; each with outer ductule 12-17
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, inner ductule 10-15
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long and with a sclerotized cup 5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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diameter.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="15" start="start">Venter</pageBreakToken>
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. Eyes circular, 20-25
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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diameter, each placed anterolaterally to each antenna. Legs absent. Antenna each 1-segmented; 26-35
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, 20-31
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide; eachbearing 5-8 fleshy setae; each antennae is surrounded by a group of 40-45 multilocular pores; each pore 7-8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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diameter with 10 loculi. Clypeolabral shield 235-250
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, 212-225
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide. Labium 3-segmented, triangular, 160-175µm long, 110-135
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide; labial setae as follow: basal segment with 2 setae, 5-8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long; medial segment with 2 setae, 12-20
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long; apical segment with 4 setae; 6 apical setae, 10-12
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long and 2 subapical seta, 7-8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long. Mesothoracic and metathoracic spiracles subequal in size; peritreme 50-68
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long and 30-37
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide; pores with 10 loculi and 8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide in a group of 15-22 locular pores laterad to each spiracle; also with 2 pores with 6 loculi, each 6µm diameter, laterad to each anterior peritreme. Tubular ducts present in a complete, dense submarginal band about 11 ducts wide and also sparsely throughout rest of venter; each duct with outer ductule 10-16
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long; inner end of outer ductule with a sclerotized cup, 4-5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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diameter, and inner ductule 11-15
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long. Multilocular pores each diameter 10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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with 10-12 loculi, arranged in 2-3 transverse rows on each abdominal segment; with a total of 114-120 pores on each segment; also with a group of 52-56 pores just posterior to vulva. Bilocular pores each3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long and 2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide, interspersed between tubular ducts in subma
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="16" start="start">rginal</pageBreakToken>
|
||
band. Simple pores 2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
diameter with a sclerotized rim, interspersed between multilocular pores on abdomen. Ventral setae 7-12
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long, distributed as follows: about 12 setae just anterior to clypeus between antennae; about 8 setae on median and submedian areas of thorax; about 11 setae mesad to each submarginal band of tubular ducts, in a line from antennae to anal ring; 6 or 8setae, present in a band along each abdominal segment; plus 2 setae 20-25
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long, placed medially on each abdominal segment. Microspines each 1-2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long, in groups of 3-5, in 3-8 rows on each abdominal segment. Anal ring ventral, forming a complete sclerotized circle; diameter 42-60
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
; cells absent; with 6 setae, each 25-40
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long. Other ventral setae 1 pair of setae, each 10-12
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long, present just anterior to anal ring; 2 pairs of setae, each 10-12
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long, present posteriorly to anal ring; 1 pair of stout conical setae (similar in shape to marginal spinose setae but shorter), each 10-12
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long and wide, present on venter slightly above posterior margin; and 1 pair of apical setae, each 33-35
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" type="first-instar nymph">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">First-instar nymph.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">General appearance. Dorsum and venter red, body oval and tapering posteriorly, 0.37-0.44 mm long and 0.14-0.2 mm wide. Each with a fringe of curly white wax on margins once first-instars settle on branch for feeding (Fig. 6).</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
|
||
Figure 6.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kermes echinatus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">Kermes echinatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Balachowsky first-instar nymph, general appearance.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">Mountedspecimen. Oval, 0.45-0.49 mm long and 0.20-0.25 mm wide (Fig. 7).</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
|
||
Figure 7.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kermes echinatus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">Kermes echinatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Balachowsky first-instar nymph.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
|
||
Margin. Marginal setae conical and slightly curved apically, each 10-13
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long and 5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide at base, in a complete line of 17-22 on each side, smaller conical setae, not-curved, each 5-8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long and 3-5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide at base, in a submarginal row of 12-14 setae extending from mesothorax to anal lobe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
|
||
Dorsum. Derm membranous; intersegmental lines observable. Dorsal setae 8, each 6-8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long, placed in 2 submedian, longitudinal rows on thorax. Simple pores circular, 14, eachabout1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
diameter, placed in 2 submarginal, longitudinal rows on abdomen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
|
||
Venter. Antennae each 6-segmented; total length 102-110
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
; with segment III and VI longest; setal distribution as follows: scape and pedicel each with 2 thin, hair-like setae; segment III with 1 long thin, hair-like seta; IV with 1 fleshy setae; V with 1 fleshy seta and 2 hair-like setae; apical segment with 2 fleshy setae and 5 hair-like setae. Legs well-developed; measurements of hind legs (length in
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
); coxae 25-30, trochanter + femur 68-70, tibia 33-38, tarsus 45-50, claw 15-20; total leg length 187-200
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
; trochanter with 2 oval, sensory pores on each side, each pore 3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long and about 2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide; setae present on all leg segments; tarsal digitules each 25-30
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long and knobbed apically, extending beyond apex of claw;claw digitules
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="17" start="start">knobbed</pageBreakToken>
|
||
apically, each 15-20
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long; each claw with a single denticle near tip. Clypeolabral shield well-developed; 68-75
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long and 63-75
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide. Labium 3-segmented, triangular, 75-83
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long and 45-47
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide; labial setae as follows: basal segment with 1 setae, rarely 2 setae, 5-8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long, median segment with 2 hair-like setae on dorsal surface, 12-13
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long, apical segment with 6 subapical setae, each 16-20
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long and 2 apical setae 10-12
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long. Spiracles subequal in size; each peritreme 3-5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
diameter; apodeme crescent shaped, 13-15
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long;
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="18" start="start">each</pageBreakToken>
|
||
spiracle with 1 quinquelocular pore, 5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
diameter, placed anterolaterally. Trilocular pores, each about 3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide, distributed as follows: 2 pores between scape just anterior to clypeus; 1 mesad to each coxa, and 2 submedially on abdominal segments
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="V–VII">V-VII</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Bilocular pores oval, 4 total, each 3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long and 2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide, present between margin and each spiracle. Ventralsetae interantennal setae 6, each 38-45
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long, in an longitudinal line medially between scapes; also 2 conical setae, about 14-16
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long and 5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide at base, on anterior apex of head; 1 seta 10-11
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long, mesad to each coxa associated with each trilocular pore; and 6 longitudinal lines of setae on abdomen; with 2 medial, 2 submedial and 2 submarginal seta per segment; medial and submedial setae each 10-15
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long, and submarginal setae 5-6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long. Microspines each about 3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long, arranged in groups of 3 or 4 in 2 transverse rows on each abdominal segment and sparsely on thorax. Anal ring located ventrally; composed of 2 semi-circles; diameter 20-25
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
; each half circle with 4-6 cells and 3 pointed setae, each 13-18
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long. Other setae with a pair of
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="19" start="start">setae</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, each 15-18
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long, anterior to anal ring, and a pair, each 15-20
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long, latero-posteriorly to anal ring. Anal lobes slightly developed; inner margin of each lobe with 1 pointed seta, 10-13
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long and 2-3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide, and 1 very long, flagellate seta apically 220-275
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |