491 lines
62 KiB
XML
491 lines
62 KiB
XML
<document id="D029A1F691F90776645D09A7832DD7A0" ID-CLB-Dataset="36828" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3824.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="df227efc-13d9-421e-92ed-f9aa417b0cf7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="286404" ID-ZooBank="023D78D0-4182-48D2-BAEB-CDA6473CF585" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460443577100" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Webster, Mark & Bohach, Lisa L." docDate="2014" docId="B10C8793FFE5FF9261B5FC87FE5A8554" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03824p066.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3824 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Lochmanolenellus Lieberman 1998" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="27" masterDocId="4D35FFEBFFFDFF886122FFE2FFE18379" masterDocTitle="Systematic revision of the trilobite genera Laudonia and Lochmanolenellus (Olenelloidea) from the lower Dyeran (Cambrian Series 2) of western Laurentia" masterLastPageNumber="66" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="25" updateTime="1698333190807" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="3022AF22041874E40F08B8F29F38713A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="3849F29AE979EB619028625F25BFC855">
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<mods:title id="64DD35D500443B5EC336B13CE4F5232F">Systematic revision of the trilobite genera Laudonia and Lochmanolenellus (Olenelloidea) from the lower Dyeran (Cambrian Series 2) of western Laurentia</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="B1689C2C668A24682A51FBD8CEDDEE7C" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C6ACB63FD2E704A6EA6A0F8507A66546">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="EE792E7908C0A2719EBE0D4710E1EE43">Webster, Mark</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="2F2C84DBBF58C437CD7000B3EF8CAB1B" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="F61B3F26B6403944FB57CA6EBBF6A11E">
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<mods:roleTerm id="16119CBEB48BE54FC5B17A475BB21259">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="E84E56CA9FAC7ADBE1E0BE4A6F0750F2">Bohach, Lisa L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="FE9AD8E095EA15406FC3ADF8D385192E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="E0ECFA399B598B5539951E161F88B99F">
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<mods:title id="1C341A90DC8B47F366ECFEFCF524BBF2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="5CB10AD686F9269EA88F9AC75F4E02B3">
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<mods:date id="152A44348952B1FAE018B9F1460E8EB7">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="1E98DD1DFBCCCB9AABC85BDADBAF8BB9" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="896714B81B48EF6AC83285AFDC5BE880">3824</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="D59D406E1A5DC2C8274F600E0A3092BF" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="722F7DE55131770308E698D9D3497683">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="57A0ED6AB5E482B32ABEF1830B8A95EA">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="C11A20C147F443345BB1B9FF87C4813D">66</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="187B87F601AB80C327FD59A53D90D484">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="E060A43504B384E4EE390AE754A7A85E" type="CLB-Dataset">36828</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5F2FA91ADB206161EE0FB8986E87300C" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3824.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F3C8339CB990DCFDA28B4A7EFE7E47AE" type="GBIF-Dataset">df227efc-13d9-421e-92ed-f9aa417b0cf7</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C14460F5BC70A1935A8DFA97DD07051F" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="AD53C21B56847781EAA526D7453EB35E" type="Zenodo-Dep">286404</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="B10C8793FFE5FF9261B5FC87FE5A8554" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6129722" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127668551" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6129722" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B10C8793FFE5FF9261B5FC87FE5A8554" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B10C8793FFE5FF9261B5FC87FE5A8554" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<subSubSection id="71BF650EFFE5FF9061B5FC87FD4B8006" box="[151,682,869,895]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="391A3685FFE5FF9061B5FC87FD4B8006" blockId="24.[151,682,869,895]" box="[151,682,869,895]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<heading id="625281E9FFE5FF9061B5FC87FD4B8006" bold="true" box="[151,682,869,895]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE5FF9061B5FC87FD4B8006" bold="true" box="[151,682,869,895]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE5FF9061CCFC87FD4B8006" authority="Lieberman, 1998" authorityName="Lieberman" authorityYear="1998" box="[238,682,869,895]" class="Trilobita" family="Biceratopsidae" genus="Lochmanolenellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE5FF9061CCFC87FE2E8006" bold="true" box="[238,463,869,895]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Lochmanolenellus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="5D344B74FFE5FF9060F4FC87FD4B8006" author="Lieberman" box="[470,682,869,895]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refString="Lieberman, B. S. (1998) Cladistic analysis of the Early Cambrian olenelloid trilobites. Journal of Paleontology, 72, 59 - 78." type="journal article" year="1998">Lieberman, 1998</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="71BF650EFFE5FF9061B5FC4EFEAA872D" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="391A3685FFE5FF9061B5FC4EFB0480BC" blockId="24.[151,1437,940,2009]" box="[151,1253,940,965]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE5FF9061B5FC4EFED380BC" bold="true" box="[151,306,940,965]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<typeStatus id="E61E8827FFE5FF9061B5FC4EFF3380BC" box="[151,210,940,965]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE5FF90601BFC4FFD3080BC" authority="Lochman" authorityName="Lochman" box="[313,721,940,965]" class="Trilobita" family="Holmiidae" genus="Wanneria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="mexicana" subSpecies="prima">
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<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE5FF90601BFC4FFD8080BD" box="[313,609,941,964]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Wanneria mexicana prima</emphasis>
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Lochman
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<bibRefCitation id="5D344B74FFE5FF9063D7FC4EFC3180BC" author="Cooper" box="[757,976,940,965]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refString="Cooper, G. A., Arellano, A. R. V., Johnson, J. H., Okulitch, V. J., Stoyanow, A. & Lochman, C. (1952) Cambrian stratigraphy and paleontology near Caborca, northwestern Sonora, Mexico. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 119 (1), 1 - 184." type="journal article" year="1952">
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Cooper
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<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE5FF90626DFC4FFC6180BD" box="[847,896,940,964]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al</emphasis>
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., 1952
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</bibRefCitation>
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, by original designation.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="391A3685FFE5FF9061E5FC2DFEAA872D" blockId="24.[151,1437,940,2009]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE5FF9061E5FC2DFE908091" bold="true" box="[199,369,975,1000]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Other species.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE5FF906059FC32FD038091" box="[379,738,976,1000]" class="Trilobita" family="Biceratopsidae" genus="Lochmanolenellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pentagonalis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE5FF906059FC32FD038091" box="[379,738,976,1000]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Lochmanolenellus pentagonalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="10E257ECFFE5FF9063C9FC2DFCCD8091" box="[747,812,975,1000]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE5FF9063C9FC2DFCCD8091" bold="true" box="[747,812,975,1000]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">n. sp.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE5FF90621FFC33FBE28091" box="[829,1027,976,1000]" class="Trilobita" family="Biceratopsidae" genus="Lochmanolenellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subquadratus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE5FF90621FFC33FBE28091" box="[829,1027,976,1000]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Lo. subquadratus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="10E257ECFFE5FF90652FFC2DFBAF8091" box="[1037,1102,975,1000]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE5FF90652FFC2DFBAF8091" bold="true" box="[1037,1102,975,1000]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">n. sp.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE5FF9065B3FC33FAB18091" box="[1169,1360,976,1000]" class="Trilobita" family="Biceratopsidae" genus="Lochmanolenellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trapezoidalis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE5FF9065B3FC33FAB18091" box="[1169,1360,976,1000]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Lo. trapezoidalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="10E257ECFFE5FF906478FC2DFA7A8091" box="[1370,1435,975,1000]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE5FF906478FC2DFA7A8091" bold="true" box="[1370,1435,975,1000]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">n. sp.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Also included are four poorly known morphotypes that might represent new species but are left in open nomenclature, all described herein:
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<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE5FF906362FBFBFD0B8756" box="[576,746,1047,1072]" class="Trilobita" family="Biceratopsidae" genus="Lochmanolenellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="primus">
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<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE5FF906362FBFBFD848749" box="[576,613,1049,1072]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Lo.</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE5FF9063BEFBFAFD0B8756" box="[668,746,1048,1071]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">primus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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1,
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<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE5FF906238FBFBFC228756" box="[794,963,1047,1072]" class="Trilobita" family="Biceratopsidae" genus="Lochmanolenellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="primus">
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<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE5FF906238FBFBFCDE8749" box="[794,831,1049,1072]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Lo.</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE5FF906254FBFAFC228756" box="[886,963,1048,1071]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">primus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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2,
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<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE5FF9062D1FBFBFB068749" box="[1011,1255,1047,1072]" class="Trilobita" family="Biceratopsidae" genus="Lochmanolenellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subquadratus">
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<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE5FF9062D1FBFBFBF98749" box="[1011,1048,1049,1072]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Lo.</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE5FF90656DFBFAFB068749" box="[1103,1255,1048,1072]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">subquadratus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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1, and
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<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE5FF90646FFBFBFED1872D" class="Trilobita" family="Biceratopsidae" genus="Lochmanolenellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subquadratus">
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<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE5FF90646FFBFBFA928749" box="[1357,1395,1049,1072]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Lo.</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE5FF9061B5FBDEFED1872D" box="[151,304,1084,1108]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">subquadratus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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2.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="71BF650EFFE5FF9061E5FBBDFDCF8431" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="391A3685FFE5FF9061E5FBBDFAA18534" blockId="24.[151,1437,940,2009]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE5FF9061E5FBBDFEA08701" bold="true" box="[199,321,1119,1144]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Cephalon pentagonal, subquadrate, or trapezoidal in outline, anterior margin broadly curved; genal spine bases located opposite or anterior to lateral margins of L2; distal portions of posterior cephalic margin strongly divergent, parallel, or strongly convergent when traced toward genal spine bases. Broad-based intergenal spines retained at morphological maturity, length approximately one-quarter to one-half of sagittal cephalic length; base located slightly distal to adgenal angle; outer margin very weakly to very strongly laterally flared relative to orientation of cephalic margin between intergenal and genal spines. Anterior cephalic border broader well rounded dorsally anterior to LA, somewhat more broadly dorsally arched at and between bases of genal and intergenal spines (entire border of much lower dorsal convexity on compacted specimens). Ovoid lateral swellings on L2, and sometimes also on LO, L1, and L3. Prominent extraocular platform. Prominent intergenal ridge retained at morphological maturity; interrupts cephalic border furrow as it merges with border at base of intergenal spine. Network of raised ridges form walls of fine, polygonal, mesh-like prosopon on dorsal surface of much of cephalon; central bosses within some polygons on extraocular area and adjacent areas developed into large, pustule-like structures. Thorax (known from one specimen) of at least 20 segments; not clearly differentiated into prothorax and opisthothorax; T3 weakly macropleural, macrospinous; broad-based axial spine on T15 (length unknown).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="391A3685FFE5FF9061E5F9B5FDCF8431" blockId="24.[151,1437,940,2009]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE5FF9061E5F9B5FEB88509" bold="true" box="[199,345,1623,1648]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Occurrence.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="41B27615FFE5FF906045F9BAFE3B8509" box="[359,474,1624,1648]" name="Mexico" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
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:
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<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE5FF9060CEF9BAFD6D8516" box="[492,652,1624,1647]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Sonora State:</emphasis>
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Unit 4 of Puerto Blanco Formation.
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<collectingCountry id="41B27615FFE5FF906578F9BAFB4B8509" box="[1114,1194,1624,1648]" name="United States of America" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
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:
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<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE5FF90659EF9BBFE3285ED" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE5FF90659EF9BBFE8885EA" authority="Range, Esmeralda County" authorityName="Range, Esmeralda County" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Montezuma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Montezuma Range, Esmeralda County</taxonomicName>
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, Nevada:
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</emphasis>
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middle member of Poleta Formation.
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<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE5FF90625FF99EFAA685ED" box="[893,1351,1660,1684]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Slate Ridge, Esmeralda County, Nevada:</emphasis>
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middle member of Poleta Formation.
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<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE5FF90632AF942FBB985C1" box="[520,1112,1696,1720]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Magruder Mountain, Esmeralda County, Nevada:</emphasis>
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middle member of Poleta Formation.
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<collectingCountry id="41B27615FFE5FF906039F926FE7685A5" box="[283,407,1732,1756]" name="Canada" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">CANADA</collectingCountry>
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:
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<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE5FF906081F927FC0E85A5" box="[419,1007,1732,1756]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
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Mount Robson area, British
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<collectingCountry id="41B27615FFE5FF9063CBF926FCB685A5" box="[745,855,1732,1756]" name="United States of America" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Columbia</collectingCountry>
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and Alberta:
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</emphasis>
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middle member of Mural Formation.
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<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE5FF9061B5F90AFD8D8479" box="[151,620,1768,1792]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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Cariboo Mountains, British
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<collectingCountry id="41B27615FFE5FF9060D6F90AFD848479" box="[500,613,1768,1792]" name="United States of America" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Columbia</collectingCountry>
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:
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</emphasis>
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middle member of Mural Formation.
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<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE5FF906574F90AFEEF845D" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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Cassiar Mountains, British
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<collectingCountry id="41B27615FFE5FF9061B5F8EEFEE8845D" box="[151,265,1804,1828]" name="United States of America" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Columbia</collectingCountry>
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:
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</emphasis>
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Unit 4 of Rosella Formation. All stratigraphically constrained occurrences are in the lower portion of the Dyeran Stage, Waucoban Series.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="71BF650EFFE5FF9261E5F8B6FE5A8554" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="391A3685FFE5FF9161E5F8B6FA9582A9" blockId="24.[151,1437,940,2009]" lastBlockId="25.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE5FF9061E5F8B6FEAD8414" bold="true" box="[199,332,1876,1901]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
The three new species described herein considerably increase known disparity within the genus, particularly in terms of characters relating to cephalic outline, the width of the extraocular area, the orientation and length of genal/intergenal spines, and ocular lobe length. The generic diagnosis (previous) emends that provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D344B74FFE5FF9061B5F822FE8384A1" author="Lieberman" box="[151,354,1984,2009]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refString="Lieberman, B. S. (1998) Cladistic analysis of the Early Cambrian olenelloid trilobites. Journal of Paleontology, 72, 59 - 78." type="journal article" year="1998">Lieberman (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in light of the new data. Several character states listed in the original generic diagnosis are true for mature cephala of virtually all olenelloid trilobites (e.g., the lateral margins of L3 being convex outwards; the anterodistal margins of L3 being formed by the ocular lobes), and are therefore now omitted. Novel additions to the generic diagnosis include mention of the lateral swellings on the glabella, the extraocular platform, and the cephalic prosopon. Details of the thorax are also included for the first time. However, the thorax is known from only a single specimen, and it is possible that future discoveries will reveal disparity among congeneric species in the thoracic traits listed here and/or a different basal condition for the clade-defining node. The diagnosis herein lists a range of conditions for traits relating to cephalic outline because the basal condition for the clade is ambiguous. The inflation of the central bosses within some polygons of the cephalic prosopon into pustule-like structures represents arguably the strongest putative synapomorphy of the genus (but see the caveat following).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="391A3685FFE4FF9161E5FE3EFAD28721" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
The closest relatives to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE4FF9160C0FE3EFD4E828D" box="[482,687,476,500]" class="Trilobita" family="Biceratopsidae" genus="Lochmanolenellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE4FF9160C0FE3EFD4E828D" box="[482,687,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Lochmanolenellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and therefore the precise phylogenetic placement of the genus within the Olenelloidea, are herein deemed uncertain.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE4FF9163D5FDE2FBFB816E" box="[759,1050,512,536]" class="Trilobita" family="Biceratopsidae" genus="Lochmanolenellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="primus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE4FF9163D5FDE2FBFB816E" box="[759,1050,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Lochmanolenellus primus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was included in cladistic analyses of olenelloid trilobites (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D344B74FFE4FF9160BDFDC6FD828145" author="Lieberman" box="[415,611,548,573]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Lieberman, B. S. (1998) Cladistic analysis of the Early Cambrian olenelloid trilobites. Journal of Paleontology, 72, 59 - 78." type="journal article" year="1998">Lieberman, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 1999). Perhaps surprisingly, those analyses found that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE4FF9165F0FDC7FAAD8145" box="[1234,1356,549,572]" class="Trilobita" family="Biceratopsidae" genus="Lochmanolenellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="primus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE4FF9165F0FDC7FAAD8145" box="[1234,1356,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Lo. primus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shared more recent common ancestry with biceratopsids such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE4FF91620FFDAAFC6E8119" box="[813,911,584,608]" class="Trilobita" family="Olenellidae" genus="Bristolia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE4FF91620FFDAAFC6E8119" box="[813,911,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Bristolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE4FF916282FDAAFBC88119" box="[928,1065,584,608]" class="Trilobita" family="Holmiidae" genus="Fremontella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE4FF916282FDAAFBC88119" box="[928,1065,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fremontella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE4FF91651BFDAAFB028119" box="[1081,1251,584,608]" class="Trilobita" family="Olenellidae" genus="Nephrolenellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE4FF91651BFDAAFB028119" box="[1081,1251,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Nephrolenellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE4FF9165D1FDAAFA828119" box="[1267,1379,584,608]" class="Trilobita" family="Holmiidae" genus="Peachella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE4FF9165D1FDAAFA828119" box="[1267,1379,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Peachella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE4FF9161B5FD8FFEF181FD" box="[151,272,621,644]" class="Trilobita" family="Holmiidae" genus="Biceratops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE4FF9161B5FD8FFEF181FD" box="[151,272,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Biceratops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than with
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE4FF9160A4FD8EFE1081FD" box="[390,497,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Laudonia</emphasis>
|
||
, from which it had been taxonomically split (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D344B74FFE4FF9162CFFD8EFB5181FD" author="Lieberman" box="[1005,1200,620,645]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Lieberman, B. S. (1998) Cladistic analysis of the Early Cambrian olenelloid trilobites. Journal of Paleontology, 72, 59 - 78." type="journal article" year="1998">Lieberman, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 1999). Placement of the lower Dyeran
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE4FF91604CFD72FDDA81D1" box="[366,571,656,680]" class="Trilobita" family="Biceratopsidae" genus="Lochmanolenellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE4FF91604CFD72FDDA81D1" box="[366,571,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Lochmanolenellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE4FF9163E5FD6DFC8C81D1" box="[711,877,655,680]" class="Trilobita" family="Biceratopsidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Biceratopsidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
rather than the “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE4FF916518FD6DFB2A81D1" box="[1082,1227,655,680]" class="Trilobita" family="Laudoniidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Laudoniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
” also implied the existence of long ghost lineages within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE4FF9163A4FD56FCCE81B4" box="[646,815,692,717]" class="Trilobita" family="Biceratopsidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Biceratopsidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, because all other unambiguous biceratopsids occur in (middle? to) upper Dyeran strata (Palmer & Repina in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D344B74FFE4FF9163DAFD35FBE78189" author="Whittington" box="[760,1030,727,752]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Whittington, H. B., Chatterton, B. D. E., Speyer, S. E., Fortey, R. A., Owens, R. M., Chang, W. T., Dean, W. T., Jell, P. A., Laurie, J. R., Palmer, A. R., Repina, L. N., Rushton, A. W. A., Shergold, J. H., Clarkson, E. N. K., Wilmot, N. V. & Kelly, S. R. A. (1997) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part O. Arthropoda 1. Trilobita, Revised. Volume 1: Introduction, Order Agnostida, Order Redlichiida. Geological Society of America and Univeristy of Kansas, Boulder, Colorado and Lawrence, Kansas, 530 pp." type="book" year="1997">
|
||
Whittington
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE4FF9162A4FD3BFC568189" box="[902,951,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 254; Lieberman, 1999, fig. 23). However, the unexpected phylogenetic placement and resulting stratigraphic incongruence might be an artifact of the limited data available to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D344B74FFE4FF9160CBFCFDFD508041" author="Lieberman" box="[489,689,799,824]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Lieberman, B. S. (1998) Cladistic analysis of the Early Cambrian olenelloid trilobites. Journal of Paleontology, 72, 59 - 78." type="journal article" year="1998">Lieberman (1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 1999): thoracic data were unknown for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE4FF9165B6FCC2FA808041" box="[1172,1377,800,824]" class="Trilobita" family="Biceratopsidae" genus="Lochmanolenellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE4FF9165B6FCC2FA808041" box="[1172,1377,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Lochmanolenellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and ontogenetic characters were not considered in the analyses. The undescribed material previously identified as “
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE4FF916181FC8AFEEF80F9" box="[163,270,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Laudonia</emphasis>
|
||
” (described herein) now provides new data—including thoracic and ontogenetic data for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE4FF9161B5FC6EFE8580DD" box="[151,356,908,932]" class="Trilobita" family="Biceratopsidae" genus="Lochmanolenellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE4FF9161B5FC6EFE8580DD" box="[151,356,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Lochmanolenellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—that suggest that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE4FF916362FC6EFCEC80DD" box="[576,781,908,932]" class="Trilobita" family="Biceratopsidae" genus="Lochmanolenellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE4FF916362FC6EFCEC80DD" box="[576,781,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Lochmanolenellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be excluded from the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE4FF916543FC6EFAE680DC" box="[1121,1287,908,933]" class="Trilobita" family="Biceratopsidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Biceratopsidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and grouped instead with taxa such as
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE4FF916091FC52FDFE80B1" box="[435,543,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Laudonia</emphasis>
|
||
and “wanneriids” (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE4FF91620CFC52FC7B80BE" box="[814,922,944,967]" class="Trilobita" family="Holmiidae" genus="Wanneria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE4FF91620CFC52FC7B80BE" box="[814,922,944,967]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Wanneria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE4FF9162F2FC52FB9480B1" box="[976,1141,944,968]" class="Trilobita" family="Wanneriidae" genus="Elliptocephala" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE4FF9162F2FC52FB9480B1" box="[976,1141,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Elliptocephala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) that are also known from lower Dyeran strata (Table 1). Determination of whether these similarities are symplesiomorphic or serve as synapomorphies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE4FF916054FC1AFDA28769" box="[374,579,1016,1040]" class="Trilobita" family="Biceratopsidae" genus="Lochmanolenellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE4FF916054FC1AFDA28769" box="[374,579,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Lochmanolenellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and one or more of these taxa is beyond the scope of the present paper—a meaningful cladistic analysis must minimally also include representative holmiids, olenellids,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE4FF9165DBFBFEFA74874D" box="[1273,1429,1052,1076]" class="Trilobita" family="Laudoniidae" genus="Fritzolenellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE4FF9165DBFBFEFA74874D" box="[1273,1429,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fritzolenellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE4FF9161B5FBA2FEFF872E" box="[151,286,1088,1111]" class="Trilobita" family="Holmiidae" genus="Mummaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE4FF9161B5FBA2FEFF872E" box="[151,286,1088,1111]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Mummaspis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and as-yet-undescribed “wannerid” species from the early Dyeran (Webster, in preparation).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="391A3685FFE4FF9161E5FB86FDB58409" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE4FF9161E5FB86FE758705" box="[199,404,1124,1148]" class="Trilobita" family="Biceratopsidae" genus="Lochmanolenellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE4FF9161E5FB86FE758705" box="[199,404,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Lochmanolenellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shares many traits in common with
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE4FF916219FB86FC468705" box="[827,935,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Laudonia</emphasis>
|
||
, the most obvious being similarity in genal spine placement and cephalic outline (but see previous), and the retention of long, prominent intergenal spines at morphological maturity (see also Table 1). Based on comparison of the two
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE4FF9165A4FB4EFB1387BD" box="[1158,1266,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Laudonia</emphasis>
|
||
species with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE4FF9161B5FB32FDA08791" authority="Lieberman" authorityName="Lieberman" box="[151,577,1231,1256]" class="Trilobita" family="Biceratopsidae" genus="Lochmanolenellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="primus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE4FF9161B5FB32FE5B879E" box="[151,442,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Lochmanolenellus primus</emphasis>
|
||
, Lieberman
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1999, pp. 117–118) provided a long list of differences between the genera. Unfortunately, a few of the supposed differences were erroneous, being based on mis-coded traits (e.g., the supposed presence of a plectrum in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE4FF916310FAFAFD1E8649" box="[562,767,1304,1328]" class="Trilobita" family="Biceratopsidae" genus="Lochmanolenellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE4FF916310FAFAFD1E8649" box="[562,767,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Lochmanolenellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and the supposed smooth merging of the ocular lobe into the extraocular area in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE4FF9160B4FADEFD82862D" box="[406,611,1340,1364]" class="Trilobita" family="Biceratopsidae" genus="Lochmanolenellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE4FF9160B4FADEFD82862D" box="[406,611,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Lochmanolenellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Other supposed generic differences listed by Lieberman (1999) relate to traits that are highly prone to compaction-related taphonomic overprint (e.g., the relative depth of glabellar furrows over the axis; the relative transverse convexity of the glabella; the relative dorsal convexity of the anterior cephalic border; and the degree of dorsal vaulting of the extraocular area). The pre-compactional state of these traits is conservatively better treated as unknown in
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE4FF9163A8FA2EFD14869D" box="[650,757,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Laudonia</emphasis>
|
||
, all specimens of which are preserved in a compacted state. Other generic differences listed by Lieberman (1999) are no longer tenable given the increased disparity within both genera documented herein, resulting from examination of larger sample sizes of the
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE4FF9165A2F9F6FB0D8555" box="[1152,1260,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Laudonia</emphasis>
|
||
species and the description of three new species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE4FF916306F9DAFD108529" box="[548,753,1592,1616]" class="Trilobita" family="Biceratopsidae" genus="Lochmanolenellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE4FF916306F9DAFD108529" box="[548,753,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Lochmanolenellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g., the supposed differences in proportional length of LA; relative width of the anterior cephalic border; orientation of the preocular furrow; the relative width and degree of dorsal arching of the interocular area; the degree of anterior tapering of the glabella from its posterior margin to S1; the proportional width of the extraocular area; the orientation of the genal spine; and in the orientation of the proximal portion of the posterior cephalic margin). None of the previously listed traits consistently or unambiguously diagnose a
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE4FF9160EFF90EFDD9847D" box="[461,568,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Laudonia</emphasis>
|
||
clade from a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE4FF9163FAF90EFC47847D" box="[728,934,1772,1796]" class="Trilobita" family="Biceratopsidae" genus="Lochmanolenellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE4FF9163FAF90EFC47847D" box="[728,934,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Lochmanolenellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade. In fact, the present study reveals that
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE4FF9161B5F8F2FEE28451" box="[151,259,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Laudonia</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE4FF91601CF8F2FDEA8451" box="[318,523,1808,1832]" class="Trilobita" family="Biceratopsidae" genus="Lochmanolenellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE4FF91601CF8F2FDEA8451" box="[318,523,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Lochmanolenellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are best distinguished from each other by a set of four (or perhaps five) traits, discussed following.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="41B27615FFE4FF9160AAF8D6FE468435" box="[392,423,1844,1868]" name="American Samoa" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
will be shown, even these traits are not entirely free from ambiguity, and taphonomy in particular must be carefully considered.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="391A3685FFE4FF9261E5F89EFBD083AC" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="26.[151,1437,151,1581]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Firstly, both species of
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE4FF9160E8F89EFDD484ED" box="[458,565,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Laudonia</emphasis>
|
||
bear a long tropidium extending from adjacent to the lateral margins of LA to the cephalic border between the genal and intergenal spines. A tropidium appears not to be developed in any species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE4FF91602CF826FE3A84A5" box="[270,475,1988,2012]" class="Trilobita" family="Biceratopsidae" genus="Lochmanolenellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE4FF91602CF826FE3A84A5" box="[270,475,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Lochmanolenellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(although a single specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE4FF916266F826FB4B84A5" box="[836,1194,1988,2012]" class="Trilobita" family="Biceratopsidae" genus="Lochmanolenellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trapezoidalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE4FF916266F826FB4B84A5" box="[836,1194,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Lochmanolenellus trapezoidalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bears a much shorter ridge-like structure in an analogous position [Fig. 21.4], and it is therefore conceivable that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE7FF9265F8FF7BFA7D83C9" box="[1242,1436,152,176]" class="Trilobita" family="Biceratopsidae" genus="Lochmanolenellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trapezoidalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE7FF9265F8FF7BFA7D83C9" box="[1242,1436,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Lo. trapezoidalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibits intraspecific polymorphism for presence or absence of a short tropidium).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="391A3685FFE7FF9261E5FF3DFDED82A9" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Secondly, all species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE7FF9260F4FF02FD428381" box="[470,675,224,248]" class="Trilobita" family="Biceratopsidae" genus="Lochmanolenellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE7FF9260F4FF02FD428381" box="[470,675,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Lochmanolenellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bear ovoid lateral swellings on L2, and sometimes also on LO, L1, and L3. Such prominent swellings appear to be absent from both species of
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE7FF9262DEFEE6FB898265" box="[1020,1128,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Laudonia</emphasis>
|
||
(see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D344B74FFE7FF9265F9FEE6FA7D8265" author="Lieberman" box="[1243,1436,260,285]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Lieberman, B. S. (1998) Cladistic analysis of the Early Cambrian olenelloid trilobites. Journal of Paleontology, 72, 59 - 78." type="journal article" year="1998">Lieberman, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
character 42). The lateral swellings are fainter but still evident on compacted material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE7FF9265ECFECAFEC9821D" class="Trilobita" family="Biceratopsidae" genus="Lochmanolenellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pentagonalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE7FF9265ECFECAFEC9821D" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Lochmanolenellus pentagonalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
relative to non-compacted material of the same species (compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="A19E2A00FFE7FF92652AFEAEFBB4821D" box="[1032,1109,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1571,1593]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,195,1539]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,193,1550]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 11. Morphologically mature specimens of Lochmanolenellus pentagonalis n. sp. preserved in limestone. 1, 2, Holotype cephalon; LACMIP 12550 a / b (part and latex peel of counterpart, respectively), x 4. 3, Cephalon; LACMIP 12549.1, x 6. 4, Cephalon, latex peel of counterpart; LACMIP 12548.5, x 5. 5, Cephalon; GSC 137492, x 7. 6, Cephalon with deformed right genal region, latex peel of counterpart; LACMIP 12548.1, x 5. 7, Cephalon; GSC 137493, x 10. 8, Cephalon; LACMIP 12551.2, x 7. 9, Hypostome, ventral view; LACMIP 12551.1, x 6. All in dorsal view unless specified. 1 – 4, 6, 8, 9 from middle member of Poleta Formation at LACMIP locality 17052, Slate Ridge, Esmeralda County, Nevada; 5 and 7 from Unit 4 of Rosella Formation, GSC locality 95190, Cassiar Mountains, northern British Columbia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286415/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
to
|
||
<figureCitation id="A19E2A00FFE7FF92655AFEAEFB28821D" box="[1144,1225,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1858,1880]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,655,1828]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[151,1436,653,1837]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 12. Morphologically mature specimens of Lochmanolenellus pentagonalis n. sp. preserved in a compacted state in shale and siltstone. 1, Cephalon, latex peel of external mold; FMNH PE 58483, x 3. 2, Cephalon, latex peel of external mold; FMNH PE 58484, x 6. 3, Fragmentary cephalon representing largest known specimen; FMNH PE 58485, x 2. 4, 5, Cephalon and thorax, with enlargement of posterior portion of thorax; MCZ 110679, x 4 and x 8, respectively. All in dorsal view. 1 – 3 from collection ICS- 10241, middle member of Poleta Formation, IS-S section, Montezuma Range, Esmeralda County, Nevada; 4, 5 from middle member of Mural Formation at Mumm Peak, Mount Robson area, Alberta." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286416/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
), so the absence of prominent lateral swellings on
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE7FF926325FE92FD9382F1" box="[519,626,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Laudonia</emphasis>
|
||
appears to be a biological reality rather than a taphonomic artifact. Nevertheless, pending discovery of non-compacted material of
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE7FF92627DFE76FC2B82D5" box="[863,970,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Laudonia</emphasis>
|
||
, support for using this trait to distinguish the genera must remain tentative.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="391A3685FFE7FF9261E5FE3EFE658189" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Thirdly, all species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE7FF9260EAFE3EFD77828D" box="[456,662,476,500]" class="Trilobita" family="Biceratopsidae" genus="Lochmanolenellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE7FF9260EAFE3EFD77828D" box="[456,662,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Lochmanolenellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bear a prominent extraocular platform upon which the ocular lobes are located, and such a platform seems to be absent from both species of
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE7FF9262ECFDE2FBDB8161" box="[974,1082,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Laudonia</emphasis>
|
||
(with the possible exception of one specimen; see following). The presence of an extraocular platform is evident even on compacted material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE7FF9261B5FDAAFE1F8119" box="[151,510,584,608]" class="Trilobita" family="Biceratopsidae" genus="Lochmanolenellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pentagonalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE7FF9261B5FDAAFE1F8119" box="[151,510,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Lochmanolenellus pentagonalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="A19E2A00FFE7FF92632DFDA5FD858119" box="[527,612,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1858,1880]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,655,1828]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[151,1436,653,1837]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 12. Morphologically mature specimens of Lochmanolenellus pentagonalis n. sp. preserved in a compacted state in shale and siltstone. 1, Cephalon, latex peel of external mold; FMNH PE 58483, x 3. 2, Cephalon, latex peel of external mold; FMNH PE 58484, x 6. 3, Fragmentary cephalon representing largest known specimen; FMNH PE 58485, x 2. 4, 5, Cephalon and thorax, with enlargement of posterior portion of thorax; MCZ 110679, x 4 and x 8, respectively. All in dorsal view. 1 – 3 from collection ICS- 10241, middle member of Poleta Formation, IS-S section, Montezuma Range, Esmeralda County, Nevada; 4, 5 from middle member of Mural Formation at Mumm Peak, Mount Robson area, Alberta." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286416/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
), so the apparent absence of the structure from
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE7FF9265A8FDAAFB178119" box="[1162,1270,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Laudonia</emphasis>
|
||
is likely to be genuine. However, one specimen of
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE7FF92630CFD8EFCEB81FD" box="[558,778,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Laudonia
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE7FF926382FD8FFCEB81FD" box="[672,778,621,644]" class="Trilobita" family="Biceratopsidae" genus="Lochmanolenellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amputata">amputata</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(USNM 443753;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D344B74FFE7FF9262F1FD8EFBB081FD" author="Fritz" box="[979,1105,620,645]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Fritz, W. H. (1992) Walcott's Lower Cambrian olenellid trilobites collection 61 k, Mount Robson area, Canadian Rocky Mountains. Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin, 432, 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="1992">Fritz, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 11, fig. 2) shows a fold in the extraocular area that might be consistent with compaction-related deformation of an extraocular platform, and it is therefore conceivable that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE7FF9260CFFD57FD6681B5" box="[493,647,693,716]" class="Trilobita" family="Biceratopsidae" genus="Lochmanolenellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amputata">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE7FF9260CFFD57FD6681B5" box="[493,647,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">La. amputata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibits intraspecific polymorphism for presence or absence of an extraocular platform.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="391A3685FFE7FF9261E5FD1EFC5E8094" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Fourthly, the genera also seem to differ in one aspect of the polygonal, mesh-like network of raised ridges that dominates the cephalic prosopon. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE7FF926317FCC2FC7A8041" box="[565,923,800,824]" class="Trilobita" family="Biceratopsidae" genus="Lochmanolenellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pentagonalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE7FF926317FCC2FC7A8041" box="[565,923,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Lochmanolenellus pentagonalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE7FF926288FCC3FB898041" box="[938,1128,800,824]" class="Trilobita" family="Biceratopsidae" genus="Lochmanolenellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trapezoidalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE7FF926288FCC3FB898041" box="[938,1128,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Lo. trapezoidalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE7FF926584FCC3FA8A8041" box="[1190,1387,800,824]" class="Trilobita" family="Biceratopsidae" genus="Lochmanolenellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subquadratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE7FF926584FCC3FA8A8041" box="[1190,1387,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Lo. subquadratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the central bosses within some polygons on the extraocular area and adjacent areas are developed into large, pustulelike structures (Figs 3.1, 11, 16, 20, 21). In the two
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE7FF9263DEFC8AFC8680F9" box="[764,871,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Laudonia</emphasis>
|
||
species, the polygons are clearly visible but the central bosses are never enlarged in such a way. Unfortunately, the presence or absence of the large, pustule-like central bosses cannot be determined in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE7FF92635FFC53FD1E80BE" box="[637,767,944,968]" class="Trilobita" family="Biceratopsidae" genus="Lochmanolenellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="primus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE7FF92635FFC53FD1E80BE" box="[637,767,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Lo. primus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because the only unambiguously assigned specimen is completely exfoliated and all traces of original prosopon have been lost.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="391A3685FFE7FF9261E5FC15FE398790" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
The presence or absence of an axial spine on T15 might serve as another trait that differentiates the two genera. Such an axial spine is present on the thorax of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE7FF926384FBFEFBED874D" box="[678,1036,1052,1076]" class="Trilobita" family="Biceratopsidae" genus="Lochmanolenellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pentagonalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE7FF926384FBFEFBED874D" box="[678,1036,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Lochmanolenellus pentagonalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but appears to be absent from T15 of
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE7FF926194FBA2FE708721" box="[182,401,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Laudonia
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE7FF92600BFBA2FE708721" box="[297,401,1088,1112]" class="Trilobita" family="Biceratopsidae" genus="Lochmanolenellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bispinata">bispinata</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D344B74FFE7FF926326FBDDFD268721" author="Lieberman" box="[516,711,1087,1112]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Lieberman, B. S. (1998) Cladistic analysis of the Early Cambrian olenelloid trilobites. Journal of Paleontology, 72, 59 - 78." type="journal article" year="1998">Lieberman, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, character 73). However, caution is warranted because, as noted previously, the axis of the thorax of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE7FF92636CFB87FD068705" box="[590,743,1124,1148]" class="Trilobita" family="Biceratopsidae" genus="Lochmanolenellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bispinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE7FF92636CFB87FD068705" box="[590,743,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">La. bispinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not well preserved—it is therefore conceivable that the apparent absence of the axial spine is a taphonomic artifact. Furthermore, T15 is currently only known from one species within each of the two genera, and it is risky to assume that a trait observed in one species is diagnostic of the basal node for the genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="391A3685FFE7FF9261E5FB16FE5A8554" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
There is an interesting parallel in terms of mature cephalic morphology between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE7FF9265BBFB16FA868675" box="[1177,1383,1268,1292]" class="Trilobita" family="Biceratopsidae" genus="Lochmanolenellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE7FF9265BBFB16FA868675" box="[1177,1383,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Lochmanolenellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE7FF9261B5FAFAFF188649" box="[151,249,1304,1328]" class="Trilobita" family="Olenellidae" genus="Bristolia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE7FF9261B5FAFAFF188649" box="[151,249,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Bristolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: the increasingly exaggerated cephalic outlines of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE7FF926243FAFAFB2C8649" box="[865,1229,1304,1328]" class="Trilobita" family="Biceratopsidae" genus="Lochmanolenellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pentagonalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE7FF926243FAFAFB2C8649" box="[865,1229,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Lochmanolenellus pentagonalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE7FF9265C0FAFBFA838656" box="[1250,1378,1304,1328]" class="Trilobita" family="Biceratopsidae" genus="Lochmanolenellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="primus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE7FF9265C0FAFBFA838656" box="[1250,1378,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Lo. primus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE7FF926455FAFBFECE862D" class="Trilobita" family="Biceratopsidae" genus="Lochmanolenellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subquadratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE7FF926455FAFBFECE862D" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Lo. subquadratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE7FF926056FADFFDD7862D" box="[372,566,1340,1364]" class="Trilobita" family="Biceratopsidae" genus="Lochmanolenellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trapezoidalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE7FF926056FADFFDD7862D" box="[372,566,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Lo. trapezoidalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
form a phenetic gradient that closely matches that seen between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE7FF926418FADEFEFB8601" class="Trilobita" family="Olenellidae" genus="Bristolia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mohavensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE7FF926418FADEFEFB8601" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Bristolia mohavensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Crickmay in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D344B74FFE7FF926099FABDFD808601" author="Hazzard" box="[443,609,1375,1400]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Hazzard, J. C. (1933) Notes on the Cambrian rocks of the eastern Mohave Desert, California. Bulletin of the Department of Geological Sciences, University of California, 23 (2), 57 - 80." type="journal article" year="1933">Hazzard, 1933</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE7FF926356FA83FC048601" authority="Lieberman, 1999" authorityName="Lieberman" authorityYear="1999" box="[628,997,1375,1400]" class="Trilobita" family="Olenellidae" genus="Bristolia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harringtoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE7FF926356FA83FCFD8601" box="[628,796,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Br. harringtoni</emphasis>
|
||
Lieberman, 1999
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE7FF9262CDFA83FAA38601" authority="Resser, 1928" authorityName="Resser" authorityYear="1928" box="[1007,1346,1376,1400]" class="Trilobita" family="Olenellidae" genus="Bristolia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bristolensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE7FF9262CDFA83FB798601" box="[1007,1176,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Br. bristolensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D344B74FFE7FF926587FA82FAD88601" author="Resser" box="[1189,1337,1376,1400]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Resser, C. E. (1928) Cambrian fossils from the Mohave Desert. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 81 (2), 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1928">Resser, 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE7FF92645EFA83FF1286E5" class="Trilobita" family="Olenellidae" genus="Bristolia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insolens">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE7FF92645EFA83FF1286E5" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Br. insolens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D344B74FFE7FF92600CFA66FE2C86E5" author="Webster" box="[302,461,1412,1437]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Webster, M. (2011) Trilobite biostratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy of the Upper Dyeran (traditional Laurentian " Lower Cambrian ") in the southern Great Basin, U. S. A. In: Hollingsworth, J. S., Sundberg, F. A. & Foster, J. R. (Eds.), Cambrian Stratigraphy and Paleontology of Northern Arizona and Southern Nevada. Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin, 67. Flagstaff, Arizona, pp. 121 - 154." type="journal article" year="2011">Webster, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for illustrations of these species).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="41B27615FFE7FF92626DFA66FC8F86E5" box="[847,878,1412,1436]" name="American Samoa" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
argued previously,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE7FF926568FA66FAF686E5" box="[1098,1303,1412,1436]" class="Trilobita" family="Biceratopsidae" genus="Lochmanolenellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE7FF926568FA66FAF686E5" box="[1098,1303,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Lochmanolenellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is probably not very closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA54D06FFE7FF9260F1FA4AFDD486B9" box="[467,565,1448,1472]" class="Trilobita" family="Olenellidae" genus="Bristolia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD1EA97FFE7FF9260F1FA4AFDD486B9" box="[467,565,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Bristolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(contra
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D344B74FFE7FF9263B8FA45FC8186B9" author="Lieberman" box="[666,864,1447,1472]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Lieberman, B. S. (1998) Cladistic analysis of the Early Cambrian olenelloid trilobites. Journal of Paleontology, 72, 59 - 78." type="journal article" year="1998">Lieberman, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 1999). A comparative phylogenetic study of the ontogeny and variation within species of these two genera could offer useful insight into whether and how ontogenetic trajectories of shape change facilitate or constrain such convergence. Data presented herein offer a first step towards such a study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |