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<mods:title id="0E21B5C3624072EB5162AAF38C72B361">Comparative anatomy of the gut of the South American species of Amitermes, with description of two new species and an identification key based on soldiers and workers</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E86A6D6B5EDFC751772C24664A70C23D">Rocha, Mauricio M.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="987B995AFFEAFFEFFF51FBF4FD6DFE5C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3718070" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162575756" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3718070" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:987B995AFFEAFFEFFF51FBF4FD6DFE5C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/987B995AFFEAFFEFFF51FBF4FD6DFE5C" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
<subSubSection id="58C87BC7FFEAFFEAFF51FBF4FDACFBAF" box="[151,629,1125,1151]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="106D284CFFEAFFEAFF51FBF4FDACFBAF" blockId="3.[151,766,1125,1217]" box="[151,629,1125,1151]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
<heading id="4B259F20FFEAFFEAFF51FBF4FDACFBAF" bold="true" box="[151,629,1125,1151]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="D7D253CFFFEAFFEAFF51FBF4FDACFBAF" authority="Constantino, 1992" authorityName="Constantino" authorityYear="1992" box="[151,629,1125,1151]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Amitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aporema">
<emphasis id="22A6F45EFFEAFFEAFF51FBF4FDACFBAF" bold="true" box="[151,629,1125,1151]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="22A6F45EFFEAFFEAFF51FBF4FE52FBAF" bold="true" box="[151,395,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Amitermes aporema</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="744355BDFFEAFFEAFE54FBF4FDACFBAF" author="Constantino, R." box="[402,629,1125,1151]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" pagination="339 - 341" refId="ref13697" refString="Constantino, R. (1992) A new species of Amitermes Silvestri from Amapa state, Brazil (Isoptera, Termitidae, Termitinae). Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Serie Zoologia, 8 (2), 339 - 341." type="journal article" year="1992">Constantino, 1992</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="58C87BC7FFEAFFEAFF51FB3BFC7EF946" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="106D284CFFEAFFEAFF51FB3BFD27FB11" blockId="3.[151,766,1125,1217]" box="[151,766,1192,1217]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
<taxonomicName id="D7D253CFFFEAFFEAFF51FB3BFDB8FB11" authority="Melo &amp; Fontes, 2003" authorityName="Melo &amp; Fontes" authorityYear="2003" box="[151,609,1192,1217]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Amitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nordestinus">
<emphasis id="22A6F45EFFEAFFEAFF51FB3BFEA6FB11" box="[151,383,1193,1217]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Amitermes nordestinus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="744355BDFFEAFFEAFE43FB39FDB8FB11" author="Melo, A. C. S. &amp; Fontes, L. R." box="[389,609,1192,1217]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" pagination="411 - 418" refId="ref14024" refString="Melo, A. C. S. &amp; Fontes, L. R. (2003) A new species of Amitermes (Isoptera, Termitidae, Termitinae) from northeastern Brazil. Sociobiology, 41 (2), 411 - 418." type="journal article" year="2003">Mélo &amp; Fontes, 2003</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="22A6F45EFFEAFFEAFDADFB38FD27FB11" bold="true" box="[619,766,1193,1217]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="39954925FFEAFFEAFDADFB38FD27FB11" box="[619,766,1193,1217]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">new synonym</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="106D284CFFEAFFEAFF51FB61FC7EF946" blockId="3.[151,1437,1263,2010]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
Imago (first description) (Figs. 10A, 10B): Head almost round, very small; eyes oval, separated from ventral margin of head by almost half their diameter. Ocelli small, subcircular, separated from eyes by their longest diameter. Postclypeus short, not swollen. Fontanelle elongate, white, drop-shaped, with pointed frontal end. Antennae with 13 or 14 articles, third the shortest, followed by the 4th, from 5th increasing a little in size till the 11th, the last two or three longer and about the same size. Mandibles as in worker (
<bibRefCitation id="744355BDFFEAFFEAFC9FFAEEFBFDFA4A" author="Constantino, R." box="[857,1060,1407,1434]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" pagination="339 - 341" refId="ref13697" refString="Constantino, R. (1992) A new species of Amitermes Silvestri from Amapa state, Brazil (Isoptera, Termitidae, Termitinae). Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Serie Zoologia, 8 (2), 339 - 341." type="journal article" year="1992">Constantino 1992</bibRefCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="88E934C9FFEAFFEAFBF6FAEEFBACFA4A" box="[1072,1141,1407,1434]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,962,987]" captionTargetBox="[169,1419,201,920]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,181,937]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Digestive tube of Amitermes amicki worker: dorsal (A), right (B), ventral (C) and left (D) views; C: Crop; MT: Mesenteric tongue; P1: First proctodeal segment (ileum); P3: Third proctodeal segment (paunch); P4: Fourth proctodeal segment (colon), P5: Fifth proctodeal segment (rectum); arrow: insertion of P1 at P3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3711798" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3711798/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Pronotum narrower than head width, subtriangular, anterior margin straight, anterolateral corners broadly rounded, sides strongly convergent; posterior margin slightly emarginated. Densely haired; head with many decumbent bristles and many hairs; pronotum with hairs and decumbent bristles on surface and few erect bristles on margins; tergites with many hairs and few erect bristles on posterior margin. Head, pronotum and body light brown; postclypeus, antennae, sternites and legs yellowish brown; wings translucent, smoky brown. Measurements (three individuals, males and females from one colony, in millimeters), LH: 0.58–0.60, WH: 0.80–0.82, MDE: 0.15, MaDO: 0.07–0.08, MiDO: 0.06, LP: 0.37–0.40, WP: 0.63–0.65, MiLW: 6.71, LT: 0.77, DEHM: 0.05–0.06.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58C87BC7FFEAFFEDFF01F90EFECFFE5B" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" type="description">
<paragraph id="106D284CFFEAFFEAFF01F90EFC8BF90D" blockId="3.[151,1437,1263,2010]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
Soldier (Figs. 11A–11D):
<taxonomicName id="D7D253CFFFEAFFEAFE2FF931FDB3F969" authorityName="Constantino" authorityYear="1992" box="[489,618,1696,1722]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Amitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aporema">
<emphasis id="22A6F45EFFEAFFEAFE2FF931FDB3F969" box="[489,618,1696,1722]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">A. aporema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described by
<bibRefCitation id="744355BDFFEAFFEAFCF3F90EFBD4F96A" author="Constantino, R." box="[821,1037,1695,1722]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" pagination="339 - 341" refId="ref13697" refString="Constantino, R. (1992) A new species of Amitermes Silvestri from Amapa state, Brazil (Isoptera, Termitidae, Termitinae). Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Serie Zoologia, 8 (2), 339 - 341." type="journal article" year="1992">Constantino (1992)</bibRefCitation>
and
<taxonomicName id="D7D253CFFFEAFFEAFB84F931FB3BF96A" authorityName="Melo &amp; Fontes" authorityYear="2003" box="[1090,1250,1696,1722]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Amitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nordestinus">
<emphasis id="22A6F45EFFEAFFEAFB84F931FB3BF96A" box="[1090,1250,1696,1722]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">A. nordestinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="744355BDFFEAFFEAFACCF90EFED2F90E" author="Melo, A. C. S. &amp; Fontes, L. R." pageId="3" pageNumber="78" pagination="411 - 418" refId="ref14024" refString="Melo, A. C. S. &amp; Fontes, L. R. (2003) A new species of Amitermes (Isoptera, Termitidae, Termitinae) from northeastern Brazil. Sociobiology, 41 (2), 411 - 418." type="journal article" year="2003">Mélo &amp; Fontes (2003)</bibRefCitation>
. Illustrations of
<typeStatus id="CF6996EEFFEAFFEAFE07F955FDF8F90E" box="[449,545,1732,1758]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
soldiers are provided here.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="106D284CFFEAFFEDFF01F979FECFFE5B" blockId="3.[151,1437,1263,2010]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,153,575]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
Gut anatomy (
<figureCitation id="88E934C9FFEAFFEAFEAFF976FE15F8D1" box="[361,460,1767,1793]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="6.[151,248,1935,1960]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,1233,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,1229,1909]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 6. Schematic drawing of the ornaments at the P1, the respective photomicrographs are indicated by the setae: Amitermes amifer (A), A. aporema (B), A. beaumonti (C) and A. excellens (D); MT: mesenteric tongue position, EV: enteric valve position." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3711806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3711806/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Figs. 6B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="88E934C9FFEAFFEAFE1FF979FE22F8D2" box="[473,507,1768,1794]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1106,1131]" captionTargetBox="[191,1395,181,1081]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[191,1395,181,1081]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 7. P1 ornaments details: Amitermes amifer, spines at the proximal portion (A) and at the distal portion (B); A. aporema, spines after the mesenteric tongue (C); A. beaumonti, spines at the proximal portion (D) and at the distal portion (E); and A. excellens, spines at the proximal portion (F) and small spines around mesenteric tongue (G); MT: mesenteric tongue position." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3711808" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3711808/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">7C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="88E934C9FFEAFFEAFDCEF979FD83F8D2" box="[520,602,1768,1794]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1978,2003]" captionTargetBox="[175,1412,1225,1953]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[175,1412,1225,1953]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 8. Enteric-valve armatures: Amitermes amifer (A) and A. aporema (B, distal and C, proximal regions); arrows: apex of cushions." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3711810" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3711810/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">8B, 8C</figureCitation>
, 12, 13): Crop asymmetrical, with oesophagous insertion displaced to left side, covered internally with pectinate scales before gizzard. Gizzard of the generalized
<typeStatus id="CF6996EEFFEAFFEAFB41F89DFB63F8F6" box="[1159,1210,1804,1830]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">type</typeStatus>
, with columnar and pulvillar belts subequal in length; first-order pulvilli conspicuous, with tiny pectinate scales, second-order pulvilli reduced (
<figureCitation id="88E934C9FFEAFFEAFF39F8C2FE8EF8BE" box="[255,343,1875,1902]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1182,1207]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,417,1157]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1435,417,1157]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Gizzard armatures: Amitermes amifer (A) and A. aporema (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3711804" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3711804/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
). Stomodeal valve inserted in apex of mesenteron. Mesenteric tongue internal to mesenteric arch, narrower proximally and gradually enlarging to tip, ending before dilated portion of first proctodeal segment (P1) (Figs. 12C, 13C). P1 fusiform, crossing abdomen diagonally in dorsal view, over paunch (P3), with long narrow neck forming marked handle, at right side of P3 (Figs. 12B, 13B, arrow), handle may be oriented clockwise or counterclockwise, depending on its accommodation in the gut. We observed both conditions among individuals of the same colony, but the clockwise orientation was more common. P1 cuticular ornamentation composed only of elongated area of spines with sclerotized base, located proximally (
<figureCitation id="88E934C9FFEDFFEDFC70FF70FBC0FF2B" box="[950,1049,225,251]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="6.[151,248,1935,1960]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,1233,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,1229,1909]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 6. Schematic drawing of the ornaments at the P1, the respective photomicrographs are indicated by the setae: Amitermes amifer (A), A. aporema (B), A. beaumonti (C) and A. excellens (D); MT: mesenteric tongue position, EV: enteric valve position." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3711806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3711806/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">Figs. 6B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="88E934C9FFEDFFEDFBE1FF70FB92FF2B" box="[1063,1099,225,251]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1106,1131]" captionTargetBox="[191,1395,181,1081]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[191,1395,181,1081]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 7. P1 ornaments details: Amitermes amifer, spines at the proximal portion (A) and at the distal portion (B); A. aporema, spines after the mesenteric tongue (C); A. beaumonti, spines at the proximal portion (D) and at the distal portion (E); and A. excellens, spines at the proximal portion (F) and small spines around mesenteric tongue (G); MT: mesenteric tongue position." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3711808" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3711808/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">7C</figureCitation>
). Enteric-valve armature (P2) weakly sclerotized, with six elongated cushions ornamented with small scattered spines (
<figureCitation id="88E934C9FFEDFFEDFB49FE94FAFAFECF" box="[1167,1315,261,287]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1978,2003]" captionTargetBox="[175,1412,1225,1953]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[175,1412,1225,1953]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 8. Enteric-valve armatures: Amitermes amifer (A) and A. aporema (B, distal and C, proximal regions); arrows: apex of cushions." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3711810" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3711810/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">Figs. 8B, 8C</figureCitation>
), cushions follow entire distal P1 handle and cannot be mounted as a single piece (see comments below). P3 well developed. Isthmus not marked. Fourth proctodeal segment (P4) with short U-turn and displaced to right side of body (Figs. 12A, 13A).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58C87BC7FFEDFFECFF01FE05FDF8FE27" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="106D284CFFEDFFEDFF01FE05FE35FDEF" blockId="4.[151,1437,153,575]" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="22A6F45EFFEDFFEDFF01FE05FE96FE7F" bold="true" box="[199,335,404,431]" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">Comments.</emphasis>
The gut anatomy of all samples examined, including the
<typeStatus id="CF6996EEFFEDFFEDFC1DFE04FBD2FE7F" box="[987,1035,405,431]" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">type</typeStatus>
specimens, clearly shares the same characteristics, mainly the distal portion of the P1 forming a handle and the P4 displaced to the right side of the abdomen; these characters combined are absent in all other species of
<taxonomicName id="D7D253CFFFEDFFEDFC74FE4CFBF3FE27" authorityName="Silvestri" authorityYear="1901" box="[946,1066,477,503]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Amitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22A6F45EFFEDFFEDFC74FE4CFBF3FE27" box="[946,1066,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">Amitermes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
examined. The same is valid for the soldier caste, characterized by the absent (or poorly marked) marginal teeth, which distinguishes them from all other South American species.
</paragraph>
<caption id="44AD78C4FFEDFFEDFF51F82FFC0EF82B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3711800" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3711800" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3711800/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" startId="4.[151,250,1982,2007]" targetBox="[151,1435,597,1958]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="106D284CFFEDFFEDFF51F82FFC0EF82B" blockId="4.[151,1437,1982,2043]" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="22A6F45EFFEDFFEDFF51F82FFECDF807" bold="true" box="[151,276,1982,2007]" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Soldiers of four
<taxonomicName id="D7D253CFFFEDFFEDFE04F851FDA1F807" authorityName="Silvestri" authorityYear="1901" box="[450,632,1983,2007]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Amitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amifer">
<emphasis id="22A6F45EFFEDFFEDFE04F851FDA1F807" box="[450,632,1983,2007]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">Amitermes amifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
colonies from different localities in Brazil, showing morphological variations: MZUSP-26378 (A), MZUSP-6671 (B), MZUSP-7130 (C) and MZUSP-3952 (D).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="106D284CFFECFFECFF01FF08FE99FECF" blockId="5.[151,1436,153,503]" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">
The comparison with
<taxonomicName id="D7D253CFFFECFFECFE06FF08FD9AFF63" authorityName="Constantino" authorityYear="1992" box="[448,579,153,179]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Amitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aporema">
<emphasis id="22A6F45EFFECFFECFE06FF08FD9AFF63" box="[448,579,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">A. aporema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the original description of
<taxonomicName id="D7D253CFFFECFFECFC50FF08FBE0FF63" authorityName="Melo &amp; Fontes" authorityYear="2003" box="[918,1081,153,179]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Amitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nordestinus">
<emphasis id="22A6F45EFFECFFECFC50FF08FBE0FF63" box="[918,1081,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">A. nordestinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pointed out only differences in proportions among the heads of the soldiers; even so, some measurements of
<taxonomicName id="D7D253CFFFECFFECFC29FF2CFB56FF07" authorityName="Melo &amp; Fontes" authorityYear="2003" box="[1007,1167,189,215]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Amitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nordestinus">
<emphasis id="22A6F45EFFECFFECFC29FF2CFB56FF07" box="[1007,1167,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">A. nordestinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
provided in the description overlap with those of
<taxonomicName id="D7D253CFFFECFFECFE7DFF70FDE5FF2B" authorityName="Constantino" authorityYear="1992" box="[443,572,225,251]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Amitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aporema">
<emphasis id="22A6F45EFFECFFECFE7DFF70FDE5FF2B" box="[443,572,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">A. aporema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Examination of a large series of specimens showed that these differences are not significant.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="106D284CFFECFFECFF01FEB8FE3CFE5B" blockId="5.[151,1436,153,503]" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">
The records of both
<taxonomicName id="D7D253CFFFECFFECFE68FEB8FDE8FE93" authorityName="Constantino" authorityYear="1992" box="[430,561,297,323]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Amitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aporema">
<emphasis id="22A6F45EFFECFFECFE68FEB8FDE8FE93" box="[430,561,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">A. aporema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D7D253CFFFECFFECFDAFFEB8FCD2FE93" authorityName="Melo &amp; Fontes" authorityYear="2003" box="[617,779,297,323]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Amitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nordestinus">
<emphasis id="22A6F45EFFECFFECFDAFFEB8FCD2FE93" box="[617,779,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">A. nordestinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are from open formations (Cerrado and Caatinga areas or human-modified vegetation), although
<taxonomicName id="D7D253CFFFECFFECFD96FEDCFD0AFEB7" authorityName="Constantino" authorityYear="1992" box="[592,723,333,359]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Amitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aporema">
<emphasis id="22A6F45EFFECFFECFD96FEDCFD0AFEB7" box="[592,723,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">A. aporema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally described from a small disjunct Cerrado formation in
<collectingRegion id="D216E6AEFFECFFECFF23FEE0FEACFE5B" box="[229,373,369,395]" country="Brazil" name="Amapa" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">Amapá State</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation id="88E934C9FFECFFECFE42FEE0FE01FE5B" box="[388,472,369,395]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1577,1602]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,381,1552]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,381,1552]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 14. Geographic records of Amitermes aporema, A. beaumonti and A. nordestinus deposited at MZUSP." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3711814" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3711814/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="106D284CFFECFFECFF01FE04FDF8FE27" blockId="5.[151,1436,153,503]" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">
The enteric-valve cushion illustrated here (
<figureCitation id="88E934C9FFECFFECFD6CFE04FCE2FE7F" box="[682,827,405,431]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1978,2003]" captionTargetBox="[175,1412,1225,1953]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[175,1412,1225,1953]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 8. Enteric-valve armatures: Amitermes amifer (A) and A. aporema (B, distal and C, proximal regions); arrows: apex of cushions." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3711810" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3711810/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">Figs. 8B, 8C</figureCitation>
) is not perfect, since the species has a very small section, a tight musculature, and the number of specimens for dissection was limited. However, the material does not show any distinctive characteristic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="44AD78C4FFECFFECFF51F826FDBBF823" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3711802" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3711802" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3711802/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" startId="5.[151,250,1975,2000]" targetBox="[159,1430,525,1878]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="106D284CFFECFFECFF51F826FDBBF823" blockId="5.[151,1436,1975,2036]" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">
<emphasis id="22A6F45EFFECFFECFF51F826FECAF800" bold="true" box="[151,275,1975,2000]" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Digestive tube of
<taxonomicName id="D7D253CFFFECFFECFE16F829FD5FF800" authorityName="Silvestri" authorityYear="1901" box="[464,646,1976,2000]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Amitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amifer">
<emphasis id="22A6F45EFFECFFECFE16F829FD5FF800" box="[464,646,1976,2000]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">Amitermes amifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
worker: dorsal (A), right (B), ventral (C) and left (D) views, detail of mesenteric tongue (E); arrow: insertion of P1 at P3.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="58C87BC7FFEFFFEFFF01FF09FD6DFE5C" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="106D284CFFEFFFEFFF01FF09FD6DFE5C" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,396]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="22A6F45EFFEFFFEFFF01FF09FE69FF63" bold="true" box="[199,432,152,179]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="A0BA2211FFEFFFEFFE73FF08FB36FF63" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2576149741" box="[437,1263,152,179]" collectingDate="1989-10-26" collectionCode="R" collectorName="Constantino" country="Brazil" location="Aporema" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Amapa" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingCountry id="68C568DCFFEFFFEFFE73FF08FDC7FF63" box="[437,542,153,179]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
.
<emphasis id="22A6F45EFFEFFFEFFDEEFF09FD5FFF63" bold="true" box="[552,646,152,179]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">
<collectingRegion id="D216E6AEFFEFFFEFFDEEFF09FD58FF63" box="[552,641,152,179]" country="Brazil" name="Amapa" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Amapá</collectingRegion>
.
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="22A6F45EFFEFFFEFFD4AFF08FD2BFF63" box="[652,754,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">
<location id="150D7E97FFEFFFEFFD4AFF08FD2BFF63" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:987B995AFFEAFFEFFF51FBF4FD6DFE5C:150D7E97FFEFFFEFFD4AFF08FD2BFF63" box="[652,754,153,179]" country="Brazil" name="Aporema" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" stateProvince="Amapa">Aporema</location>
</emphasis>
,
<date id="646C0E8CFFEFFFEFFD38FF08FCA8FF63" box="[766,881,153,179]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" value="1989-10-26">
<collectingDate id="7428F764FFEFFFEFFD38FF08FCA8FF63" box="[766,881,153,179]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" value="1989-10-26">26.x.1989</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="76C3B089FFEFFFEFFCBDFF08FC48FF63" box="[891,913,153,179]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="BD274D9AFFEFFFEFFC5DFF08FBFBFF63" box="[923,1058,153,179]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Constantino</collectorName>
(9547,
<typeStatus id="CF6996EEFFEFFFEFFBB1FF08FB31FF63" box="[1143,1256,153,179]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="A0BA2211FFEFFFEFFB3EFF09FC8EFECF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2576149709" collectingDate="1970-07-07" collectingDateMax="2005-11" collectingDateMin="1970-07-07" collectionCode="R, T" collectorName="L. Araujo &amp; A. C. S. Melo &amp; E. M. Cancello" country="Brazil" county="Campo Formoso" location="William" municipality="Inhambupe" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="22A6F45EFFEFFFEFFB3EFF09FA9CFF63" bold="true" box="[1272,1349,152,179]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">
<collectingRegion id="D216E6AEFFEFFFEFFB3EFF09FA99FF63" box="[1272,1344,152,179]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Bahia</collectingRegion>
.
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="22A6F45EFFEFFFEFFA8DFF08FF25FF07" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">
<collectingCounty id="F90C50C0FFEFFFEFFA8DFF08FF25FF07" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Campo Formoso</collectingCounty>
</emphasis>
:
<date id="646C0E8CFFEFFFEFFEC8FF2CFE49FF07" box="[270,400,189,215]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" value="1974-07-20">
<collectingDate id="7428F764FFEFFFEFFEC8FF2CFE49FF07" box="[270,400,189,215]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" value="1974-07-20">20.vii.1974</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="76C3B089FFEFFFEFFE59FF2CFE6CFF07" box="[415,437,189,215]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="BD274D9AFFEFFFEFFE7FFF2CFDF1FF07" box="[441,552,189,215]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">L. Araujo</collectorName>
(5532, 5535);
<emphasis id="22A6F45EFFEFFFEFFD1EFF2CFC8FFF07" box="[728,854,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">
<collectingMunicipality id="F009B236FFEFFFEFFD1EFF2CFC8FFF07" box="[728,854,189,215]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Inhambupe</collectingMunicipality>
</emphasis>
:
<date id="646C0E8CFFEFFFEFFCAEFF2DFC66FF07" box="[872,959,188,215]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" value="2005-11">
<collectingDate id="7428F764FFEFFFEFFCAEFF2DFC66FF07" box="[872,959,188,215]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" value="2005-11">xi.2005</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<location id="150D7E97FFEFFFEFFC0BFF2CFBF1FF07" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:987B995AFFEAFFEFFF51FBF4FD6DFE5C:150D7E97FFEFFFEFFC0BFF2CFBF1FF07" box="[973,1064,189,215]" country="Brazil" county="Campo Formoso" municipality="Inhambupe" name="William" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" stateProvince="Bahia">William</location>
(15542);
<emphasis id="22A6F45EFFEFFFEFFB5BFF2CFAD2FF07" box="[1181,1291,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">
<location id="150D7E97FFEFFFEFFB5BFF2CFAD2FF07" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:987B995AFFEAFFEFFF51FBF4FD6DFE5C:150D7E97FFEFFFEFFB5BFF2CFAD2FF07" box="[1181,1291,189,215]" country="Brazil" county="Campo Formoso" municipality="Inhambupe" name="Itaberaba" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" stateProvince="Bahia">Itaberaba</location>
</emphasis>
:
<date id="646C0E8CFFEFFFEFFADBFF2CFA41FF07" box="[1309,1432,189,215]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" value="2001-06-18">
<collectingDate id="7428F764FFEFFFEFFADBFF2CFA41FF07" box="[1309,1432,189,215]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" value="2001-06-18">18.vi.2001</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="BD274D9AFFEFFFEFFF51FF70FEFCFF2B" box="[151,293,225,251]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">A.C.S. Mélo</collectorName>
(UFPB-1317,
<typeStatus id="CF6996EEFFEFFFEFFE0AFF70FDEEFF2B" box="[460,567,225,251]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="D7D253CFFFEFFFEFFD98FF70FCD9FF2B" authorityName="Melo &amp; Fontes" authorityYear="2003" box="[606,768,225,251]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Amitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nordestinus">
<emphasis id="22A6F45EFFEFFFEFFD98FF70FCD9FF2B" box="[606,768,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">A. nordestinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<date id="646C0E8CFFEFFFEFFCDEFF70FC43FF2B" box="[792,922,225,251]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" value="1990-12-04">
<collectingDate id="7428F764FFEFFFEFFCDEFF70FC43FF2B" box="[792,922,225,251]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" value="1990-12-04">04.xii.1990</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="BD274D9AFFEFFFEFFC60FF70FB93FF2B" box="[934,1098,225,251]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">E.M. Cancello</collectorName>
&amp; M.
<collectionCode id="76C3B089FFEFFFEFFB48FF70FB78FF2B" box="[1166,1185,225,251]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">T</collectionCode>
. Ponte (11383, 11384, 11385);
<emphasis id="22A6F45EFFEFFFEFFF3DFE94FEB9FECF" box="[251,352,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Salvador</emphasis>
: Ondina,
<date id="646C0E8CFFEFFFEFFE1AFE94FD86FECF" box="[476,607,261,287]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" value="1970-07-07">
<collectingDate id="7428F764FFEFFFEFFE1AFE94FD86FECF" box="[476,607,261,287]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" value="1970-07-07">07.vii.1970</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="76C3B089FFEFFFEFFDB6FE94FD5FFECF" box="[624,646,261,287]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="BD274D9AFFEFFFEFFD4CFE94FD25FECF" box="[650,764,261,287]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">L. Araujo</collectorName>
(4825)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="A0BA2211FFEFFFEFFCAFFE95FCF2FE94" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2576149707" collectingDate="2012-10-12" collectorName="J. P. Constantini &amp; M. M. Rocha" country="Brazil" location="Nac. Grande Sertao Veredas" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Minas Gerais" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="22A6F45EFFEFFFEFFCAFFE95FBC1FECF" bold="true" box="[873,1048,260,287]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">
<collectingRegion id="D216E6AEFFEFFFEFFCAFFE95FBCAFECF" box="[873,1043,260,287]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
.
</emphasis>
P.
<location id="150D7E97FFEFFFEFFB80FE94FA40FECF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:987B995AFFEAFFEFFF51FBF4FD6DFE5C:150D7E97FFEFFFEFFB80FE94FA40FECF" box="[1094,1433,261,287]" country="Brazil" name="Nac. Grande Sertao Veredas" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">Nac. Grande Sertão Veredas</location>
,
<date id="646C0E8CFFEFFFEFFF51FEB8FED3FE93" box="[151,266,297,323]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" value="2012-10-12">
<collectingDate id="7428F764FFEFFFEFFF51FEB8FED3FE93" box="[151,266,297,323]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" value="2012-10-12">12.x.2012</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="BD274D9AFFEFFFEFFED2FEB8FE18FE93" box="[276,449,297,323]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">J.P. Constantini</collectorName>
(26863),
<collectorName id="BD274D9AFFEFFFEFFDEBFEB8FD62FE93" box="[557,699,297,323]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">M.M. Rocha</collectorName>
(16231*)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="A0BA2211FFEFFFEFFCF0FEB9FE04FEB7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2576149702" collectingDate="1991-11-06" collectionCode="T" collectorName="E. M. Cancello &amp; Pontes" country="Brazil" location="Faz. Buriti Sol" municipality="Floriano" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Piaui" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="22A6F45EFFEFFFEFFCF0FEB9FCA2FE93" bold="true" box="[822,891,296,323]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">
<collectingRegion id="D216E6AEFFEFFFEFFCF0FEB9FCAFFE93" box="[822,886,296,323]" country="Brazil" name="Piaui" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Piauí</collectingRegion>
.
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="22A6F45EFFEFFFEFFC47FEB8FC3CFE93" box="[897,997,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">
<collectingMunicipality id="F009B236FFEFFFEFFC47FEB8FC3CFE93" box="[897,997,297,323]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Floriano</collectingMunicipality>
</emphasis>
:
<location id="150D7E97FFEFFFEFFC35FEB8FB41FE93" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:987B995AFFEAFFEFFF51FBF4FD6DFE5C:150D7E97FFEFFFEFFC35FEB8FB41FE93" box="[1011,1176,297,323]" country="Brazil" municipality="Floriano" name="Faz. Buriti Sol" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" stateProvince="Piaui">Faz. Buriti Sol</location>
,
<date id="646C0E8CFFEFFFEFFB65FEB8FAC5FE93" box="[1187,1308,297,323]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" value="1991-11-06">
<collectingDate id="7428F764FFEFFFEFFB65FEB8FAC5FE93" box="[1187,1308,297,323]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" value="1991-11-06">06.xi.1991</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="BD274D9AFFEFFFEFFAEEFEB8FF14FEB7" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">E.M. Cancello</collectorName>
&amp; M.
<collectionCode id="76C3B089FFEFFFEFFED7FEDCFEFDFEB7" box="[273,292,333,359]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">T</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="BD274D9AFFEFFFEFFEE9FEDCFEA3FEB7" box="[303,378,333,359]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Pontes</collectorName>
(15765)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="A0BA2211FFEFFFEFFE2FFEDDFB14FEB8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2576149704" box="[489,1229,332,360]" collectingDate="1975-12-15" collectionCode="R" collectorName="L. Araujo" country="Brazil" location="Mossoro" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Norte" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="22A6F45EFFEFFFEFFE2FFEDDFD34FEB7" bold="true" box="[489,749,332,359]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">
<collectingRegion id="D216E6AEFFEFFFEFFE2FFEDDFD31FEB7" box="[489,744,332,359]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Norte" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Rio Grande do Norte</collectingRegion>
.
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="22A6F45EFFEFFFEFFD33FEDCFC8EFEB7" box="[757,855,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">
<location id="150D7E97FFEFFFEFFD33FEDCFC8EFEB7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:987B995AFFEAFFEFFF51FBF4FD6DFE5C:150D7E97FFEFFFEFFD33FEDCFC8EFEB7" box="[757,855,333,359]" country="Brazil" name="Mossoro" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Norte">Mossoró</location>
</emphasis>
:
<date id="646C0E8CFFEFFFEFFCA0FEDDFC31FEB7" box="[870,1000,332,359]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" value="1975-12-15">
<collectingDate id="7428F764FFEFFFEFFCA0FEDDFC31FEB7" box="[870,1000,332,359]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" value="1975-12-15">15.xii.1975</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="76C3B089FFEFFFEFFC32FEDCFBD3FEB7" box="[1012,1034,333,359]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="BD274D9AFFEFFFEFFBC8FEDCFBA0FEB7" box="[1038,1145,333,359]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">L. Araujo</collectorName>
(6411)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="A0BA2211FFEFFFEFFB1FFEDDFD69FE5C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2576149679" collectionCode="T" collectorName="F. Carrijo" country="Brazil" location="Jalapao" municipality="Ponte Alta do Tocantins" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tocantins" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="22A6F45EFFEFFFEFFB1FFEDDFA8DFEB7" bold="true" box="[1241,1364,332,359]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">
<collectingRegion id="D216E6AEFFEFFFEFFB1FFEDDFA96FEB7" box="[1241,1359,332,359]" country="Brazil" name="Tocantins" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Tocantins</collectingRegion>
.
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="22A6F45EFFEFFFEFFA9DFEDFFE85FE5B" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">
<collectingMunicipality id="F009B236FFEFFFEFFA9DFEDFFE85FE5B" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Ponte Alta do Tocantins</collectingMunicipality>
</emphasis>
:
<location id="150D7E97FFEFFFEFFEADFEE0FE1BFE5B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:987B995AFFEAFFEFFF51FBF4FD6DFE5C:150D7E97FFEFFFEFFEADFEE0FE1BFE5B" box="[363,450,369,395]" country="Brazil" municipality="Ponte Alta do Tocantins" name="Jalapao" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" stateProvince="Tocantins">Jalapão</location>
,
<collectionCode id="76C3B089FFEFFFEFFE0AFEE0FE07FE5B" box="[460,478,369,395]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">T</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="BD274D9AFFEFFFEFFE24FEE0FD95FE5B" box="[482,588,369,395]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">F. Carrijo</collectorName>
(26379)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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