180 lines
14 KiB
XML
180 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.585.7503" ID-GBIF-Dataset="284e15e6-931f-4863-b037-68a83c8b53a8" ID-PMC="PMC4857038" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-585-51" ID-PubMed="27199604" ID-ZBK="B914D8CF92A14C948EDC7CE8B0202076" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-585-51" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 585" ModsDocTitle="Megastigmus seed chalcids (Hymenoptera, Torymidae) radiated much more on Angiosperms than previously considered. I- Description of 8 new species from Kenya, with a key to the females of Eastern and Southern Africa" checkinTime="1461901611862" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Roques, Alain, Copeland, Robert S., Soldati, Laurent, Denux, Olivier & Auger-Rozenberg, Marie-Anne" docDate="2016" docId="16EC9A9AF4BE91962E532F9F474A7F4E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 585: 51-124" docOrigin="ZooKeys 585" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.585.7503" docTitle="Megastigmus laventhali Roques & Copeland, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="81764A75-CF49-4AB8-977F-497F56F9A6DA" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="85" masterDocId="FF812555FFDD75799D3DFF99922B9D29" masterDocTitle="Megastigmus seed chalcids (Hymenoptera, Torymidae) radiated much more on Angiosperms than previously considered. I- Description of 8 new species from Kenya, with a key to the females of Eastern and Southern Africa" masterLastPageNumber="124" masterPageNumber="51" pageNumber="84" updateTime="1668163066542" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Megastigmus seed chalcids (Hymenoptera, Torymidae) radiated much more on Angiosperms than previously considered. I- Description of 8 new species from Kenya, with a key to the females of Eastern and Southern Africa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Roques, Alain</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Copeland, Robert S.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Soldati, Laurent</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Denux, Olivier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Auger-Rozenberg, Marie-Anne</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>585</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>51</mods:start>
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<mods:end>124</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.585.7503</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.585.7503</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-585-51</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">B914D8CF92A14C948EDC7CE8B0202076</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">B914D8CF92A14C948EDC7CE8B0202076</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127898988" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:81764A75-CF49-4AB8-977F-497F56F9A6DA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/16EC9A9AF4BE91962E532F9F474A7F4E" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="33" pageNumber="84">
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<subSubSection pageId="33" pageNumber="84" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="84">Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Torymidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="33" pageNumber="84" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="84">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/81764A75-CF49-4AB8-977F-497F56F9A6DA" authority="Roques & Copeland" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus laventhali" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laventhali">Megastigmus laventhali Roques & Copeland</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="33" pageNumber="84">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="33" pageNumber="84" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="84">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="84">
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Holotype ♀, Kenya, Coast Province, Base of Kasigau Mountain,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-3.81301">3.81301°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="38.6405">38.64050°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 619m, 5 Mar 2012, ex.
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Lannea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lannea schweinfurthii" order="Sapindales" pageId="33" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schweinfurthii">Lannea schweinfurthii</taxonomicName>
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fruits, CHIESA coll. N°141, R. Copeland leg. (NMKE);
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="84">
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Paratype 1♀ Kenya, Coast Province, Funzi island,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-4.57776">4.57776°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="39.44127">39.44127°E</geoCoordinate>
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, near sea level, Malaise trap in mixed grass and woodland, 24 to 28 Jul 2012, R. Copeland leg. (ICIPE).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="34" pageNumber="85" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="85">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="34" pageNumber="85" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="85">
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Holotype ♀. Medium-sized species with body length (without ovipositor) 4.0 mm; length of ovipositor sheaths 3.4 mm. Body colour predominantly orange (Figures 75-77). Head entirely orange (Figure 78); pilosity on lower face pale; upper face and dorsum of head with conspicuous black hairs. Antenna light brown except scape entirely orange (Figure 79). Thorax entirely light orange except a small black spot at wing insertion (Figure 77). Pilosity on thorax black; a row of 6 black hairs along each lateral suture of mid lobe of mesoscutum; 3 pairs of black hairs on scutellum (Figure 77). Legs entirely pale yellow except claws brown. Forewing stigma brown without infuscation; basal cell indistinct, with two small setae on disc; basal setal line with 1 seta; costal setal line without setae; costal cell without setae (Figure 80). Propodeum light orange with a darker longitudinal line medially (Figure 75); propodeal spiracle very conspicuous; propodeum hairs entirely pale. Gaster dark orange, darker than propodeum; pilosity on gaster black. Ovipositor sheaths black, long, 1.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as gaster, 0.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as body, 0.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as thorax plus gaster (Figure 76).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="85">
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Head rounded, width: height ratio: 1.0 (Figure 78); POL:OOL: 1.1. Scape 1.1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as combined length of pedicel, anellus and F1 (Figure 79); scape 0.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as combined length of pedicel, anellus, F1 and F2; anellus subquadrate; F1 1.1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as pedicel, twice as long as wide; F2 1.1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as 1st funicular segment; following funicular segments longer than wide, with F7 1.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than wide. Pronotum, mid- and lateral lobes of mesoscutum with coarse transverse carinae; axilla with finer striae; mid-lobe of mesoscutum elongate, 1.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as scutellum; scutellum 1.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide, reticulate; frenum 0.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as scutellum length, reticulate. Forewing stigma oblique, nearly rectangular, 1.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide (Figure 80); upper part of stigmal vein 0.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as stigma length; uncus relatively elongate, 0.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as upper part of stigmal vein; marginal vein 0.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as postmarginal vein. Propodeum with coarse longitudinal carinae and conspicuous spiracles.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="85">Variation. In the paratype, the basal cell presents two long setae on disc, and the basal setal line has 1 seta.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="85">No males reared.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="34" pageNumber="85" type="host plants">
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<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="85">Host plants.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="85">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Lannea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lannea schweinfurthii" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schweinfurthii">Lannea schweinfurthii</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName family="Anacardiaceae" lsidName="Anacardiaceae" pageId="34" pageNumber="85" rank="family">Anacardiaceae</taxonomicName>
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). Probably a seed feeder but it could not be integrated in the molecular analysis because too few specimens were available.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="34" pageNumber="85" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="85">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="85">Known from the base of Kasigau Mountain, a Taita Hills outlier. Only 1 of 168 fruits (0.6%) was infested (Table 3). Also collected in a Malaise trap sample from Funzi Island, just off the southeast coast of Kenya (Figure 2).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="34" pageNumber="85" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="85">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="85">Named in honour of Leo Laventhal, historian, Yiddish scholar and union man.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="34" pageNumber="85" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="85">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="34" pageNumber="85">
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Females can be separated easily from those of other species associated with fruits of
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<taxonomicName family="Anacardiaceae" lsidName="Anacardiaceae" pageId="34" pageNumber="85" rank="family">Anacardiaceae</taxonomicName>
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by the combination of a predominantly orange body and a relatively long ovipositor, at least 1.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as the gaster. In most of the other
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<pageBreakToken pageId="35" pageNumber="86" start="start">species</pageBreakToken>
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, body colour combines dark and yellow patterns (
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus hypogeus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypogeus">Megastigmus hypogeus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus ozoroae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ozoroae">Megastigmus ozoroae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus lanneae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanneae">Megastigmus lanneae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus smithi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithi">Megastigmus smithi</taxonomicName>
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). For the remaining species that have a predominantly orange body colour, the ovipositor length is at most 1.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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gaster length (
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus pistaciae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pistaciae">Megastigmus pistaciae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus thomseni" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomseni">Megastigmus thomseni</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus transvaalensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transvaalensis">Megastigmus transvaalensis</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |