304 lines
34 KiB
XML
304 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="413A3AB83FF7DDAA381C8EE51DB8051C" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4088.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4019c4cc-9ef3-402e-888b-f258264b3617" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="261854" ID-ZooBank="7F80636F-C96A-40B8-9DC6-BD341EF0D5AE" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1457455295274" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Rigato, Fabrizio" docDate="2016" docId="03B76753FFA5FFF677F9FAF9FB01F845" docLanguage="en" docName="15546-5076-1-PB.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4088 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Polyrhachis epinotalis Santschi" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="19" masterDocId="FF8E1F2BFFB5FFE4776EFFEEFFBFFFCB" masterDocTitle="The ant genus Polyrhachis F. Smith in sub-Saharan Africa, with descriptions of ten new species. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1698174368081" updateUser="plazi">
|
||
<mods:mods id="92B6BF2F46F5AC8923D2A0DA0783D73D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="C0C69BAB0A7BC1DDC902516F7C4B9E90">
|
||
<mods:title id="745B31B0192825F885837E0BAB3A0B8E">The ant genus Polyrhachis F. Smith in sub-Saharan Africa, with descriptions of ten new species. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="6B2B6614678EFDB70A5A0C3B4FA7B0BD" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="FCF8EAEA3EE5B62A318FAB5049E561B3">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="920EC96D3A2370EAC0529BF0140A6CA1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="7D7185DC098B094FF58644AD016C08C0">Rigato, Fabrizio</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="C27CC37AEBEB1116EE036AEDA2B57E3D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="CAD72328AC2FB130F940BFBA3BB4BE8D" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="F717334278F171C3F21F104EF3625E47">
|
||
<mods:title id="4172ABB71B348A979119D26649B523ED">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="DF48DD8EE873837E75FDF4B36A36A937">
|
||
<mods:date id="EB6F314D4BA29A645903D3FE2580DED7">2016</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="A894CBE8E7EB9B236BEFF5C7B7169CBF" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="D80EF63827239345756BB17D0034CB69">4088</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="F6F7AF247D51124399F441948B851CA3" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="F072E4EFC9C2750916EECE1A80F1BCD8">1</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="F9612E65058711AC6DBAE290ABE4DFF5">journal volume</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="D70380C3DE52F6A89DEC691ED9B68F3A" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4088.1.1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="C7384BAFF408572016F5B577212FA7B6" type="GBIF-Dataset">4019c4cc-9ef3-402e-888b-f258264b3617</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="9E5D988B2E92ABDEFAE261FB17358B39" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="73FE46F608B707222507C1E6902E9FE0" type="Zenodo-Dep">261854</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="64DD4458BC00177128A773AA50A15CB0" type="ZooBank">7F80636F-C96A-40B8-9DC6-BD341EF0D5AE</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03B76753FFA5FFF677F9FAF9FB01F845" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6073032" ID-GBIF-Taxon="125783357" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6073032" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B76753FFA5FFF677F9FAF9FB01F845" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B76753FFA5FFF677F9FAF9FB01F845" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30485CEFFA5FFF477F9FAF9FB01FA3F" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA1D645FFA5FFF477F9FAF9FDCFFAF9" blockId="16.[151,624,1303,1363]" box="[151,624,1303,1330]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<heading id="D0E96129FFA5FFF477F9FAF9FDCFFAF9" bold="true" box="[151,624,1303,1330]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA5FFF477F9FAF9FDCFFAF9" bold="true" box="[151,624,1303,1330]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1EADC6FFA5FFF477F9FAF9FDAAFAF9" authority="Santschi" authorityName="Santschi" box="[151,533,1303,1330]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyrhachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epinotalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA5FFF477F9FAF9FE1BFAFA" bold="true" box="[151,420,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Polyrhachis epinotalis</emphasis>
|
||
Santschi
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
stat. n.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA1D645FFA5FFF477F9FAD4FE86FA98" blockId="16.[151,624,1303,1363]" box="[151,313,1338,1363]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1325CAC0FFA5FFF477F1FAD4FEB6FA98" box="[159,265,1338,1363]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1749,1770]" captionTargetBox="[345,1241,445,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[345,1241,445,1727]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 4. Polyrhachis epinotalis, worker (CENTRAL AFRICAN REP., P. N. Dzanga-Ndoki, 21.4 km 53 ° NE, Bayanga, 3 ° 02.01 ’ N 16 ° 24.57 ’ E, 510 m, 6 – 7. v. 2001 (S. van Noort), CAR 01 - M 56 - CAR 01 - M 66 [CASENT 0087003 CAR 01 - M 65]): A, body profile; B, dorsum of mesosoma; C, head in full-face view. (Photos by M. Zilioli)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261858/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figures 4</figureCitation>
|
||
a–c)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA1D645FFA5FFF477F9FA6CFB01FA3F" blockId="16.[151,1436,1410,1524]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1EADC6FFA5FFF477F9FA6CFED0FA53" box="[151,367,1410,1432]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyrhachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="militaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA5FFF477F9FA6CFED0FA53" box="[151,367,1410,1432]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Polyrhachis militaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
st.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1EADC6FFA5FFF476FBFA6CFD72FA53" authority="Santschi, 1924: 222" authorityName="Santschi" authorityPageNumber="222" authorityYear="1924" box="[405,717,1410,1432]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyrhachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epinotalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA5FFF476FBFA6CFE46FA53" box="[405,505,1410,1432]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">epinotalis</emphasis>
|
||
Santschi, 1924: 222
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in key). Lectotype worker and one paralectotype worker (by present designation), DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC of the CONGO: Elizabethville [= Lubumbashi], ix.1911 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA5FFF473A5FA4CFA32FA7C" box="[1227,1421,1441,1463]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Miss. Agric Leplae</emphasis>
|
||
). [First available use of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1EADC6FFA5FFF476D3FA2EFD26FA1D" box="[445,665,1472,1494]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyrhachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="militaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA5FFF476D3FA2EFD26FA1D" box="[445,665,1472,1494]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Polyrhachis militaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1EADC6FFA5FFF475CAFA2FFB6AFA1D" authority="Forel, 1913a: 357" authorityName="Forel" authorityPageNumber="357" authorityYear="1913" box="[676,1237,1472,1494]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="variety" subSpecies="cupreopubescens" variety="epinotalis">
|
||
r.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA5FFF475D2FA2EFCD6FA1D" box="[700,873,1472,1494]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">cupreopubescens</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA5FFF474C8FA2EFBB5FA1D" box="[934,1034,1472,1494]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">epinotalis</emphasis>
|
||
Forel, 1913a: 357
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; unavailable name (Bolton, 1973b: 313). Junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1EADC6FFA5FFF47502FA30FCC0FA3F" authority="Dorow, 1995: 36" authorityName="Dorow" authorityPageNumber="36" authorityYear="1995" box="[620,895,1502,1524]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyrhachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="militaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA5FFF47502FA30FD7DFA3F" box="[620,706,1502,1524]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">militaris</emphasis>
|
||
: Dorow, 1995: 36
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.] (MHNG) [examined].
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA5FFF4731AFA31FB01FA3F" bold="true" box="[1140,1214,1503,1524]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Stat. n.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30485CEFFA5FFF577F9F9CFFCFCFEF4" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA1D645FFA5FFF477F9F9CFFCC3F995" blockId="16.[151,1437,1569,2026]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA5FFF477F9F9CFFEAEF9F1" bold="true" box="[151,273,1569,1594]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
A large species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1EADC6FFA5FFF47573F9CFFDC3F9F1" box="[541,636,1569,1594]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyrhachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="militaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA5FFF47573F9CFFDC3F9F1" box="[541,636,1569,1594]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">militaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group with relatively slender body, oval head, abundant, long and, at least partially, golden pubescence, and upturned propodeal spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA1D645FFA5FFF477A9F984FDB5F8B5" blockId="16.[151,1437,1569,2026]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA5FFF477A9F984FE37F949" box="[199,392,1641,1666]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Lectotype worker</emphasis>
|
||
. HL 2.68, HW 2.05, CI 76, SL 3.21, SI 157, FW 0.74, FI 36, PW 1.66, WL 3.52, HTL 3.60. Anterior clypeal border medially bearing a laterally obtusely angled shallow lobe. Head in full face view oval, with moderately convex sides strongly converging to the short posterior margin. Eyes moderate in size and strongly convex. Mesosoma strongly, often flange-like marginate along its sides. Promesonotal suture well marked; metanotal suture deeply incised and narrow. Disc of pronotum and mesonotum approximately transverse; propodeal dorsum longer than wide. Pronotal spines long and sharp. Propodeal teeth long, upturned and spine-like; in profile nearly as long as the height of the propodeal declivity. Petiole with four sharp spines, the dorsal pair much longer than the lateral pair.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA1D645FFA5FFF577A9F867FF6AFF1E" blockId="16.[151,1437,1569,2026]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1436,151,392]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">The entire body mostly reticulate-punctate and dull, longitudinally rugulose on occiput and vertex, including the space between eyes and frontal carinae. Mandibles finely longitudinally striolate. Pubescence abundant throughout, long and golden especially dorsally where it mostly hides the sculpturation. Standing hairs abundant on body and appendages; relatively short on antennae, longer on the legs and even longer on most of the dorsum of the body.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA1D645FFA4FFF577A9FF0EFBD6FF33" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,392]" box="[199,1129,223,248]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Integument mostly black, mostly hidden by the long and dense golden pubescence.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA1D645FFA4FFF577A9FEEAFCFCFEF4" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,392]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA4FFF577A9FEEAFE05FED6" box="[199,442,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Paralectotype worker</emphasis>
|
||
(same data as the lectotype). HL 2.50, HW 1.92, CI 77, SL 3.05, SI 159, FW 0.71, FI 37, PW 1.58, WL 3.48, HTL 3.40. Very similar to the Lectotype.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30485CEFFA4FFF677A9FEA2FC3BFBB8" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA1D645FFA4FFF577A9FEA2FC22FE43" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,392]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA4FFF577A9FEA2FE5EFEAE" box="[199,481,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Other workers examined</emphasis>
|
||
(n=12). HL 2.51–2.86, HW 1.90–2.17, CI 72–82, SL 2.95–3.52, SI 143–174, FW 0.67–0.83, FI 34–40, PW 1.54–1.88, WL 3.28–3.92, HTL 3.48–4.00.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6186CDFFA4FFF577F9F93BFBB7F8E3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261858/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" targetBox="[345,1241,445,1726]" targetPageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA1D645FFA4FFF577F9F93BFBB7F8E3" blockId="17.[151,1436,1748,1832]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA4FFF577F9F93BFEA9F921" bold="true" box="[151,278,1749,1770]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1EADC6FFA4FFF5764EF93AFDB7F921" box="[288,520,1748,1770]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyrhachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epinotalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA4FFF5764EF93AFDB7F921" box="[288,520,1748,1770]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Polyrhachis epinotalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, worker (CENTRAL AFRICAN REP., P.N.Dzanga-Ndoki, 21.4 km 53° NE, Bayanga, 3°02.01’ N 16°24.57’ E, 510 m, 6–7.v.2001 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA4FFF5750AF91DFD5BF8C2" box="[612,740,1779,1801]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. van Noort</emphasis>
|
||
), CAR01-M56-CAR01-M66 [CASENT0087003 CAR01-M65]): A, body profile; B, dorsum of mesosoma; C, head in full-face view. (Photos by M. Zilioli)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA1D645FFA4FFF577A9F8A1FA22F81F" blockId="17.[151,1437,1871,2004]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA4FFF577A9F8A1FEFBF8A3" bold="true" box="[199,324,1871,1896]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Comment.</emphasis>
|
||
Forel described this taxon using an unavailable name combination (a quadrinomen) and later Santschi (1924) made that name available considering
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1EADC6FFA4FFF5746CF89DFCCFF847" box="[770,880,1907,1932]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyrhachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epinotalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA4FFF5746CF89DFCCFF847" box="[770,880,1907,1932]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">epinotalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1EADC6FFA4FFF57324F89DFB16F847" box="[1098,1193,1907,1932]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyrhachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="militaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA4FFF57324F89DFB16F847" box="[1098,1193,1907,1932]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">militaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. I have designated as lectotype one of Forel’s syntypes at MHNG. The lectotype is in quite good condition, but misses its right foretibia and tarsus. Although considered for many years as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1EADC6FFA4FFF574FFF852FBB1F81F" box="[913,1038,1979,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyrhachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="militaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA4FFF574FFF852FBB1F81F" box="[913,1038,1979,2004]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. militaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1EADC6FFA4FFF57371F852FB14F81F" box="[1055,1195,1979,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyrhachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epinotalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA4FFF57371F852FB14F81F" box="[1055,1195,1979,2004]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. epinotalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a distinct species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA1D645FFA7FFF677F9FF79FBA9FF1E" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,213]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Santschi (1924) pointed out the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1EADC6FFA7FFF6754DFF79FD2EFF7B" box="[547,657,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyrhachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epinotalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA7FFF6754DFF79FD2EFF7B" box="[547,657,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">epinotalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
head shape as its main distinctive feature. Principal differences separating
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1EADC6FFA7FFF6767FFF52FEC0FF1E" box="[273,383,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyrhachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epinotalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA7FFF6767FFF52FEC0FF1E" box="[273,383,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">epinotalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1EADC6FFA7FFF676AAFF52FD9CFF1E" box="[452,547,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyrhachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="militaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA7FFF676AAFF52FD9CFF1E" box="[452,547,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">militaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
workers (and, in part, gynes) are as follows:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA1D645FFA7FFF677F1FF1EFAAEFDA8" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<table id="F91E24E5FFA7001B77F1FF1EFA2CFDA8" box="[159,1427,240,611]" gridcols="2" gridrows="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<tr id="352ED407FFA7001B77F1FF1EFA2CFECD" box="[159,1427,240,262]" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA7FFF677F1FF1EFC45FECD" box="[159,1018,240,262]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<th id="76FFBD7BFFA7001B77F1FF1EFCACFECD" box="[159,787,240,262]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1EADC6FFA7FFF677F1FF1EFE3CFECD" box="[159,387,240,262]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyrhachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epinotalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA7FFF677F1FF1EFE3CFECD" box="[159,387,240,262]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Polyrhachis epinotalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76FFBD7BFFA7001B744DFF1EFA2CFECD" box="[803,1427,240,262]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1EADC6FFA7FFF6744AFF1EFC45FECD" box="[804,1018,240,262]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyrhachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="militaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA7FFF6744AFF1EFC45FECD" box="[804,1018,240,262]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Polyrhachis militaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352ED407FFA7001B77F1FEF7FA2CFEA7" box="[159,1427,281,364]" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<td id="76FFBD7BFFA7001B77F1FEF7FCACFEA7" box="[159,787,281,364]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">In full face view head distinctly oval, usually wider anteriorly than behind the eyes; sides convex, clearly converging posteriorly</td>
|
||
<td id="76FFBD7BFFA7001B744DFEF7FA2CFEA7" box="[803,1427,281,364]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">In full face view head subrectangular, about as wide anteriorly as behind the eyes; sides weakly convex, almost parallel</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352ED407FFA7001B77F1FE6EFA2CFE18" box="[159,1427,384,467]" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<td id="76FFBD7BFFA7001B77F1FE6EFCACFE18" box="[159,787,384,467]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Behind the eye the head dorsum smoothly curves into the side</td>
|
||
<td id="76FFBD7BFFA7001B744DFE6EFA2CFE18" box="[803,1427,384,467]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Behind the eye an obtuse margination runs from the posterior margin of the eye to the posterior head corner separating the dorsum from the side</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352ED407FFA7001B77F1FE08FA2CFDD0" box="[159,1427,486,539]" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<td id="76FFBD7BFFA7001B77F1FE08FCACFDD0" box="[159,787,486,539]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Sculpture of head dorsum mostly reticulate-granulate, only partially rugulose</td>
|
||
<td id="76FFBD7BFFA7001B744DFE08FA2CFDD0" box="[803,1427,486,539]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Sculpture of the head dorsum mainly longitudinally rugulose throughout</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352ED407FFA7001B77F1FDC0FA2CFDA8" box="[159,1427,558,611]" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<td id="76FFBD7BFFA7001B77F1FDC0FCACFDA8" box="[159,787,558,611]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Propodeal teeth upturned and long, spine-like. In profile they usually approach the height of the propodeal declivity</td>
|
||
<td id="76FFBD7BFFA7001B744DFDC0FA2CFDA8" box="[803,1427,558,611]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Propodeal teeth upturned and short. In profile, they are much shorter than the height of the propodeal declivity</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA1D645FFA7FFF677A9FD44FF56FC74" blockId="18.[151,1437,682,1934]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
The size difference of propodeal teeth between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1EADC6FFA7FFF67585FD44FCE6FD08" box="[747,857,682,707]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyrhachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epinotalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA7FFF67585FD44FCE6FD08" box="[747,857,682,707]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">epinotalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1EADC6FFA7FFF674FAFD44FC4CFD08" box="[916,1011,682,707]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyrhachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="militaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA7FFF674FAFD44FC4CFD08" box="[916,1011,682,707]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">militaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is usually remarkable. Forel (1913a) stated that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1EADC6FFA7FFF67679FD20FE3AFD2C" box="[279,389,718,743]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyrhachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epinotalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA7FFF67679FD20FE3AFD2C" box="[279,389,718,743]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">epinotalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ teeth appear as upturned spines, much longer than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1EADC6FFA7FFF67363FD20FBD3FD2C" box="[1037,1132,718,743]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyrhachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="militaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA7FFF67363FD20FBD3FD2C" box="[1037,1132,718,743]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">militaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other related species. However, this feature is subject to some variability. In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1EADC6FFA7FFF6741BFD1CFC5CFCC0" box="[885,995,754,779]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyrhachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epinotalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA7FFF6741BFD1CFC5CFCC0" box="[885,995,754,779]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">epinotalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is usually more slender than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1EADC6FFA7FFF67258FD1CFA2AFCC0" box="[1334,1429,754,779]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyrhachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="militaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA7FFF67258FD1CFA2AFCC0" box="[1334,1429,754,779]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">militaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with only the mesonotum distinctly transverse, but that is not always true. I examined a robust worker from Kenya (Arabuko-Sokoke Forest at HLMD) which looks
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1EADC6FFA7FFF675BFFCD4FC8FFC98" box="[721,816,826,851]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyrhachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="militaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA7FFF675BFFCD4FC8FFC98" box="[721,816,826,851]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">militaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-like, but it has a round head and spiniform, although relatively short, propodeal teeth. Peter Hawkes (pers. comm.) faced the same difficulties with some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1EADC6FFA7FFF67243FCB0FA24FCBC" box="[1325,1435,862,887]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyrhachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epinotalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA7FFF67243FCB0FA24FCBC" box="[1325,1435,862,887]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">epinotalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens (as well as with some slender
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1EADC6FFA7FFF6750AFC6CFD7CFC50" box="[612,707,898,923]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyrhachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="militaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA7FFF6750AFC6CFD7CFC50" box="[612,707,898,923]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">militaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), but confidently identified them using head and propodeal teeth shapes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA1D645FFA7FFF677A9FC24FC3BFBB8" blockId="18.[151,1437,682,1934]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Almost all specimens I examined look relatively consistent and the species seems about as widespread as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1EADC6FFA7FFF672E9FC25FF49FBCC" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyrhachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="militaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA7FFF672E9FC25FF49FBCC" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. militaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with which it probably co-occurs. The golden colour of the pubescence in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1EADC6FFA7FFF67312FC01FAB4FBCC" box="[1148,1291,1006,1031]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyrhachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epinotalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA7FFF67312FC01FAB4FBCC" box="[1148,1291,1006,1031]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. epinotalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could be as variable as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1EADC6FFA7FFF67650FBFCFE22FBE0" box="[318,413,1042,1067]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyrhachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="militaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA7FFF67650FBFCFE22FBE0" box="[318,413,1042,1067]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">militaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: some specimens look more or less greyish. The petiolar spines are slightly variable in length and the long and diverging dorsal pair is more or less apically bent backward; the lateral pair is always relatively well developed, varying from sharp teeth to short spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30485CEFFA7FFF677A9FB90FB01F845" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA1D645FFA7FFF677A9FB90FB01F845" blockId="18.[151,1437,682,1934]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA7FFF677A9FB90FE0CFB5C" bold="true" box="[199,435,1150,1175]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
(except types).
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA7FFF67503FB90FD6CFB5C" bold="true" box="[621,723,1150,1175]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">GABON</emphasis>
|
||
: La Makandé, Forêt des Abeilles, i–ii.1999 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA7FFF673B2FB91FAF0FB5D" box="[1244,1359,1151,1175]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. Dejean</emphasis>
|
||
) (1 w, BMNH).
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA7FFF67668FB4CFD80FB70" bold="true" box="[262,575,1186,1211]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">EQUATORIAL GUINEA</emphasis>
|
||
: Bioko, 7 km N Luba, 3°27’56”N 8°29’42”E, 14.x1998 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA7FFF67385FB4DFD3DFB14" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">D. Ubick, D.K. Dabney, R.W. Tomos, M. Boko, J.V. Vindum</emphasis>
|
||
) (1 g, CAS).
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA7FFF67471FB29FBD5FB14" bold="true" box="[799,1130,1222,1247]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">DEM. REP. of the CONGO</emphasis>
|
||
: 75 mi. W of Popokabaka, 2.viii.1957 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA7FFF6764DFB05FD8AFAC8" box="[291,565,1258,1283]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">E.S. Ross & R.E. Leech</emphasis>
|
||
); 39 km S of Walikale, 700 m, 21.xii.1957 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA7FFF67353FB05FAF1FAC8" box="[1085,1358,1258,1283]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">E.S. Ross & R.E. Leech</emphasis>
|
||
) (1 w, BMNH); 5 mi. S of Fizi, 1320 m, 10.i.1958 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA7FFF675FBFAE1FC20FAEC" box="[661,927,1294,1319]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">E.S. Ross & R E. Leech</emphasis>
|
||
) (1 w, CAS).
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA7FFF67350FAE0FA2AFAED" bold="true" box="[1086,1429,1294,1319]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">CENTRAL AFRICAN REP.</emphasis>
|
||
: P.N. Dzanga-Ndoki, 21.4 km 53° NE Bayanga, 3°02.01’N 16°24.57’ E, 510 m, 1–2.v.2001 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA7FFF673D0FADDFAF0FA81" box="[1214,1359,1331,1355]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">S. van Noort</emphasis>
|
||
) (1 w, CAS: CASENT0086054 CAR01-M02); P.N. Dzanga-Ndoki, 21.4 km 53° NE Bayanga, 3°02.01’N 16°24.57’ E, 510 m, 6–7.v.2001 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA7FFF67615FA95FDB6FA59" box="[379,521,1403,1427]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">S. van Noort</emphasis>
|
||
) (1 w, CAS: CASENT0087003 CAR01-M65); P.N. Dzanga-Ndoki, 21.4 km 53° NE Bayanga, 3°02.01’N 16°24.57’ E, 510 m, 7.v.2001 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA7FFF67464FA71FC29FA7D" box="[778,918,1439,1463]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">S. van Noort</emphasis>
|
||
) (1 w, CAS: CASENT0090853 CAR01-S91); P.N. Dzanga-Ndoki, 38.6 km 173° S Lidjombo, 2°21.60’N 16°03.20’E, 350 m, 21–27.v.2001 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA7FFF673AAFA2DFAEDFA11" box="[1220,1362,1475,1499]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">S. van Noort</emphasis>
|
||
) (1 w, CAS: CASENT0094892 CAR01-Y67).
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA7FFF6750EFA08FD64FA34" bold="true" box="[608,731,1510,1535]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">UGANDA</emphasis>
|
||
: Kampala Tank Hill, 7–10.vii.1987 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA7FFF673E8FA09FB60FA35" box="[1158,1247,1511,1534]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">V. Ferri</emphasis>
|
||
) (4 w, MSNM); Entebbe, Entebbe Botanical Gardens, 17–22.viii.2012, 0°03’52.61”N 32°28’40.50”E, 1143 m, on tree (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA7FFF67224F9E5FF5AF98C" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">F. Hita Garcia</emphasis>
|
||
) (3 w, HLMD).
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA7FFF676F3F9C0FDA5F98C" bold="true" box="[413,538,1582,1607]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">RWANDA</emphasis>
|
||
: 40 km E of Kigali, 1575 m, 9.xii.1957 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA7FFF6748DF9C1FB56F98C" box="[995,1257,1582,1607]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">E.S. Ross & R.E. Leech</emphasis>
|
||
) (1 w, BMNH).
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA7FFF677F9F9BCFF45F9A0" bold="true" box="[151,250,1618,1643]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">KENYA</emphasis>
|
||
: Kaimosi Mission, 27 mi. NE of Kisumu, 1650m, 29.xi.1957 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA7FFF674BFF9BDFB5EF9A0" box="[977,1249,1618,1643]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">E.S. Ross & R.E. Leech</emphasis>
|
||
) (1 w, BMNH); Kakamega, 28.iii.1976 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA7FFF676C9F999FD7DF944" box="[423,706,1654,1679]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">W. Gotwald & R. Schefer</emphasis>
|
||
) (2 w, BMNH); Malindi district, Arabuko-Sokoke forest, 3.29°S 39.98°E, 10–15 m el., 31.v.2001, #01-438, 2nd hardwood forest nr “Tree-House”, foraging in litter (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA7FFF67382F970FE97F912" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">R.R. Snelling & D.J. Martins</emphasis>
|
||
) (1 w, HLMD); Western Province, Kakamega Forest, Udo’s camp, kitchen band, 1650 m, vi.2008, daytime hand collected (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA7FFF676D8F908FDDEF935" box="[438,609,1766,1790]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">F. Hita Garcia</emphasis>
|
||
) (1 g, HLMD); Western Province, Kakamega Forest, Colobus primary forest, 0°21’16”N 34°51’36”E, 1650 m, vii.2008, handcoll. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA7FFF6741AF8E4FC52F8EA" box="[884,1005,1801,1826]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">G. F i s c h er</emphasis>
|
||
) (1 w, HLMD); Western Province, Kakamega Forest, Mwanzu Trail, 0°14’15.5”N 34°52’03.2”E, 1650 m, prim. Forest, 11.viii.2008, from ground, hand collected (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA7FFF6760EF8BCFE64F8A2" box="[352,475,1873,1898]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">G. F i s c h e r</emphasis>
|
||
) (5 w, HLMD).
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA7FFF675AAF8BFFC88F8A1" bold="true" box="[708,823,1873,1898]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">ZAMBIA</emphasis>
|
||
: North Western Prov., Ikelenge, Hillwood Farm, 11°14’57.45”S 24°18’50.82”E, 1392 m, hand coll., viii.2008 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96A0A57FFA7FFF67421F898FBB4F845" box="[847,1035,1909,1934]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">R. van den Elzen</emphasis>
|
||
) (3 w, HLMD).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |