treatments-xml/data/03/B5/B0/03B5B03F6B54FFFA1490FA3EAF01F8FF.xml
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<document id="8FC8BFBF2AA9D3C3BCACF73CDD1E5654" ID-CLB-Dataset="2865" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab068" ID-GBIF-Dataset="992a1126-487d-4ac6-b5c7-e83590fea7bd" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5799592" ID-ZooBank="5CBBACDD-0A2D-4F22-A732-0CD2D5E3D9AD" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1640159137779" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kise, Hiroki, Montenegro, Javier, Santos, Maria E. A., Hoeksema, Bert W., Ekins, Merrick, Ise, Yuji, Higashiji, Takuo, Fernandez-Silva, Iria &amp; Reimer, James D." docDate="2022" docId="03B5B03F6B54FFFA1490FA3EAF01F8FF" docLanguage="en" docName="zlab068.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Epizoanthus armatus Gray 1867" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="333" masterDocId="FF8CC8476B5DFFF0145FFFE5AD66FF8B" masterDocTitle="Evolution and phylogeny of glass-sponge-associated zoantharians, with a description of two new genera and three new species" masterLastPageNumber="347" masterPageNumber="323" pageNumber="332" updateTime="1699472974832" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="DE6F7FABDD60F80173E8494780974556">Evolution and phylogeny of glass-sponge-associated zoantharians, with a description of two new genera and three new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9DC5E1698606464EAA81E14146A913C6">Santos, Maria E. A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0E929DF889EE02CF91CAC6B9C7EBB2B7">Ise, Yuji</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0569CDE605BCD4EFD7847EDA3CFCA9E2">Higashiji, Takuo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2F6C920B1108F1EE7D36805EA00D7F2E">Fernandez-Silva, Iria</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03B5B03F6B54FFFA1490FA3EAF01F8FF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799616" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191713706" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5799616" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B5B03F6B54FFFA1490FA3EAF01F8FF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B5B03F6B54FFFA1490FA3EAF01F8FF" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="333" pageId="9" pageNumber="332">
<subSubSection id="C30652A26B54FFF91490FA3EAFB8FA78" box="[207,734,1498,1523]" pageId="9" pageNumber="332" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA301296B54FFF91490FA3EAFB8FA78" blockId="9.[207,734,1498,1523]" box="[207,734,1498,1523]" pageId="9" pageNumber="332">
<heading id="D0EBB6456B54FFF91490FA3EAFB8FA78" box="[207,734,1498,1523]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="332" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C1C7AAA6B54FFF91490FA3EAFB8FA78" ID-CoL="7NYYG" authority="CARLGREN, 1923" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[207,734,1498,1523]" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="9" pageNumber="332" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B968DD3B6B54FFF91490FA3EAC16FA79" box="[207,368,1499,1522]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="332">EPIZOANTHUS</emphasis>
AFF.
<emphasis id="B968DD3B6B54FFF915F2FA3BAF71FA79" box="[429,535,1502,1522]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="332">ARMATUS</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D7CD86B54FFF91640FA3FAFB8FA78" author="Carlgren O" box="[543,734,1498,1523]" pageId="9" pageNumber="332" pagination="252 - 337" refId="ref14376" refString="Carlgren O. 1923. Ceriantharia und zoantharia der deutschen tiefsee-expedition. Zoantharia. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer ' Valdivia' 1898 - 1899 19: 252 - 337." type="journal article" year="1923">CARLGREN, 1923</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C30652A26B54FFF915FCF9E4AF6CF991" box="[419,522,1537,1562]" pageId="9" pageNumber="332" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA301296B54FFF915FCF9E4AF6CF991" blockId="9.[419,522,1537,1562]" box="[419,522,1537,1562]" pageId="9" pageNumber="332">
(
<figureCitation id="13271DAC6B54FFF915F4F9E4AF64F991" box="[427,514,1537,1562]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[145,224,864,886]" captionTargetBox="[149,756,198,823]" captionTargetId="figure-23@10.[147,758,196,824]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. Images of preserved Amphidiscophora spongesassociated zoantharians. A, B, Epizoanthus fatuus collected from Japan; C, Epizoanthus aff. fatuus collected from Australia; D, Epizoanthus stellaris collected from Australia; E, Epizoanthus aff. armatus collected from Japan. Scales: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799600" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5799600/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="332">FIG. 3E</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C30652A26B54FFF914FCF9CCAF8AF910" pageId="9" pageNumber="332" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA301296B54FFF914FCF9CCAF8AF910" blockId="9.[163,779,1577,1691]" pageId="9" pageNumber="332">
<emphasis id="B968DD3B6B54FFF914FCF9CCAC18F9B5" box="[163,382,1577,1598]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="332">Material examined:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B740B746B54FFF915D5F9CCAF8EF910" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3421416310" collectingDate="2011-09-19" collectorName="J. D. Reimer" country="Japan" elevation="468" latitude="24.226694" location="Kuroshima Island" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="124.104996" pageId="9" pageNumber="332" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kagoshima">
MISE-HPD1323 (NSMT-Co 1759),
<location id="8EC357F26B54FFF914FCF9ADAC1FF9D5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B5B03F6B54FFFA1490FA3EAF01F8FF:8EC357F26B54FFF914FCF9ADAC1FF9D5" box="[163,377,1608,1630]" country="Japan" latitude="24.226694" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="124.104996" name="Kuroshima Island" pageId="9" pageNumber="332" stateProvince="Kagoshima">Kuroshima Island</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D8CFCB6B54FFF915DAF9ADAF6CF9D5" box="[389,522,1608,1630]" country="Japan" name="Kagoshima" pageId="9" pageNumber="332">Kagoshima</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F30B41B96B54FFF91648F9ADAF06F9D6" box="[535,608,1608,1629]" name="Japan" pageId="9" pageNumber="332">Japan</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2867EE6B54FFF91632F9ADAE6EF9D6" box="[621,776,1607,1630]" degrees="24" direction="north" minutes="13" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="332" precision="1" seconds="36.1" value="24.226694">
24°13
<emphasis id="B968DD3B6B54FFF916F0F9A2AFD0F9D5" box="[687,694,1607,1630]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="332"></emphasis>
36.1
<emphasis id="B968DD3B6B54FFF916B8F9A2AF97F9D5" box="[743,753,1607,1630]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="332"></emphasis>
N
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2867EE6B54FFF914FCF982AC32F9F7" box="[163,340,1637,1661]" degrees="124" direction="east" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="332" precision="1" seconds="18.0" value="124.104996">
124°06
<emphasis id="B968DD3B6B54FFF914AEF980AD9DF9F7" box="[241,251,1637,1660]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="332"></emphasis>
18.0
<emphasis id="B968DD3B6B54FFF91574F980AC32F9F7" box="[299,340,1637,1660]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="332">″E</emphasis>
</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="4CE4ACCC6B54FFF915F6F982AC94F9F7" box="[425,498,1639,1661]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.68" pageId="9" pageNumber="332" unit="m" value="468.0">
<elevation id="0031E61A6B54FFF915F6F982AC94F9F7" box="[425,498,1639,1661]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.68" pageId="9" pageNumber="332" unit="m" value="468.0">468 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, ROV, coll.
<collectorName id="26E964FF6B54FFF9162FF982AF8EF9F6" box="[624,744,1639,1661]" pageId="9" pageNumber="332">J. D. Reimer</collectorName>
on RV
<emphasis id="B968DD3B6B54FFF91492F960AC3EF911" box="[205,344,1669,1690]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="332">Natsushima</emphasis>
,
<date id="FFA227E96B54FFF9153AF960AC97F911" box="[357,497,1669,1690]" pageId="9" pageNumber="332" value="2011-09-19">
<collectingDate id="EFE6DE016B54FFF9153AF960AC97F911" box="[357,497,1669,1690]" pageId="9" pageNumber="332" value="2011-09-19">19 Sep 2011</collectingDate>
</date>
, fixed in 90% ethanol
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30652A26B54FFF914FCF95AA9A3F943" pageId="9" pageNumber="332" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA301296B54FFF914FCF95AA805F9E7" blockId="9.[163,780,1727,1871]" lastBlockId="9.[827,1444,1499,1736]" pageId="9" pageNumber="332">
<emphasis id="B968DD3B6B54FFF914FCF95AAF47F95F" box="[163,545,1727,1748]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="332">Description: External morphology</emphasis>
. Circa 80 cylindrical polyps connected by strongly developed light-brownish coenenchyme on stalks of hexactinellid sponges (
<taxonomicName id="4C1C7AAA6B54FFF914F4F8FEAC29F8BB" box="[171,335,1819,1840]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="9" pageNumber="332" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B968DD3B6B54FFF914F4F8FEAC4CF8BB" box="[171,298,1819,1840]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="332">Hyalonema</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
) in preserved specimen. Colony covered the upper part of the stalks, but not around the spiculous anchor. Contracted preserved polyps well developed and
<quantity id="4CE4ACCC6B54FFF91764FA1FAEDFF99B" box="[827,953,1530,1552]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="4.9" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="332" unit="mm" value="2.7" valueMax="4.9" valueMin="0.5">0.54.9 mm</quantity>
in height,
<quantity id="4CE4ACCC6B54FFF91079FA1FA9C2F99B" box="[1062,1188,1530,1552]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.15" metricValueMax="7.8" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="332" unit="mm" value="5.15" valueMax="7.8" valueMin="2.5">2.57.8 mm</quantity>
in diameter.Capitulary ridges present but weakly pronounced when contracted,
<emphasis id="B968DD3B6B54FFF91764F9DDAE20F9C6" box="[827,838,1592,1613]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="332">c</emphasis>
.
<quantity id="4CE4ACCC6B54FFF9170BF9D2AEDEF9C6" box="[852,952,1591,1613]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.81" metricValueMax="4.064" metricValueMin="3.556" pageId="9" pageNumber="332" unit="in" value="15.0" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="14.0">1416 in</quantity>
number. The numbers of tentacles of each polyp
<emphasis id="B968DD3B6B54FFF91723F9B2AEEBF9E7" box="[892,909,1623,1644]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="332">c.</emphasis>
2832 and tentacles arranged in two rows.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA301296B54FFF91764F990A9A3F943" blockId="9.[827,1444,1499,1736]" pageId="9" pageNumber="332">
<emphasis id="B968DD3B6B54FFF91764F990A94DF901" box="[827,1067,1653,1674]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="332">Internal morphology</emphasis>
. Zooxanthellae absent. Number of mesenteries 2832, in macrocnemic arrangement. Reticulate mesogleal musculature.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30652A26B54FFFA1764F91CAC9CFB44" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="333" pageId="9" pageNumber="332" type="biology_ecology">
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<emphasis id="B968DD3B6B54FFF91764F91CA901F885" box="[827,1127,1785,1806]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="332">Habitat and distribution:</emphasis>
<location id="8EC357F26B54FFF9102BF91CA840F884" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B5B03F6B54FFFA1490FA3EAF01F8FF:8EC357F26B54FFF9102BF91CA840F884" box="[1140,1318,1785,1807]" country="Japan" municipality="Ryukyu Archipelago" name="Off Kuroshima" pageId="9" pageNumber="332" stateProvince="Okinawa">Off Kuroshima</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D8CFCB6B54FFF9116CF91CA8F8F884" box="[1331,1438,1785,1807]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="9" pageNumber="332">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
, in the
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC79B536B54FFF917CDF8F2A9F0F8A6" box="[914,1174,1815,1837]" pageId="9" pageNumber="332">Ryukyu Archipelago</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCountry id="F30B41B96B54FFF910F9F8FDA994F8A6" box="[1190,1266,1816,1837]" name="Japan" pageId="9" pageNumber="332">Japan</collectingCountry>
at a depth of
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<quantity id="4CE4ACCC6B54FFF91764F8D3AEECF8C7" box="[827,906,1846,1868]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.68" pageId="9" pageNumber="332" unit="m" value="468.0">
<elevation id="0031E61A6B54FFF91764F8D3AEECF8C7" box="[827,906,1846,1868]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.68" pageId="9" pageNumber="332" unit="m" value="468.0">468 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
<taxonomicName id="4C1C7AAA6B54FFF917C8F8D3A9C7F8C7" authorityName="CARLGREN" authorityYear="1923" box="[919,1185,1846,1868]" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="9" pageNumber="332" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="armatus">
<emphasis id="B968DD3B6B54FFF917C8F8D3A9C7F8C7" box="[919,1185,1846,1868]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="332">Epizoanthus armatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has previously been reported from off
<collectingCountry id="F30B41B96B57FFFA1522FBB9AC82FBF9" box="[381,484,1116,1138]" name="Somalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="333">Somalia</collectingCountry>
in the Indian Ocean (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D7CD86B57FFFA14C6FB9EAC2EFB1B" author="Carlgren O" box="[153,328,1147,1169]" pageId="10" pageNumber="333" pagination="252 - 337" refId="ref14376" refString="Carlgren O. 1923. Ceriantharia und zoantharia der deutschen tiefsee-expedition. Zoantharia. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer ' Valdivia' 1898 - 1899 19: 252 - 337." type="journal article" year="1923">Carlgren, 1923</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6351A16B57FFFA14CEFC85AD86FB82" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799600" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5799600" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5799600/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="333" startId="10.[145,224,864,886]" targetBox="[149,756,198,823]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8BA301296B57FFFA14CEFC85AD86FB82" blockId="10.[145,761,864,1033]" pageId="10" pageNumber="333">
<emphasis id="B968DD3B6B57FFFA14CEFC85AD9CFCFE" bold="true" box="[145,250,864,886]" pageId="10" pageNumber="333">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Images of preserved
<taxonomicName id="4C1C7AAA6B57FFFA1580FC85AFF1FCFD" box="[479,663,864,886]" pageId="10" pageNumber="333" rank="subClass" subClass="Amphidiscophora">Amphidiscophora</taxonomicName>
spongesassociated zoantharians. A, B,
<taxonomicName id="4C1C7AAA6B57FFFA1592FC98AFFEFC18" baseAuthorityName="Schultze" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[461,664,893,915]" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="333" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fatuus">
<emphasis id="B968DD3B6B57FFFA1592FC98AFFEFC18" box="[461,664,893,915]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="333">Epizoanthus fatuus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected from Japan; C,
<taxonomicName id="4C1C7AAA6B57FFFA151CFC7EAF29FC3A" baseAuthorityName="Schultze" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[323,591,923,945]" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="333" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fatuus">
<emphasis id="B968DD3B6B57FFFA151CFC7EACB6FC3A" box="[323,464,923,945]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="333">Epizoanthus</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="B968DD3B6B57FFFA1657FC7EAF29FC3A" box="[520,591,923,945]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="333">fatuus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected from Australia; D,
<taxonomicName id="4C1C7AAA6B57FFFA1545FC5DAC90FC45" authorityName="Hertwig" authorityYear="1888" box="[282,502,952,974]" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="333" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="stellaris">
<emphasis id="B968DD3B6B57FFFA1545FC5DAC90FC45" box="[282,502,952,974]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="333">Epizoanthus stellaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected from Australia; E,
<taxonomicName id="4C1C7AAA6B57FFFA14F1FC30ACD8FC60" authorityName="CARLGREN" authorityYear="1923" box="[174,446,981,1003]" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="333" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="armatus">
<emphasis id="B968DD3B6B57FFFA14F1FC30AC52FC60" box="[174,308,981,1003]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="333">Epizoanthus</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="B968DD3B6B57FFFA153BFC33ACD8FC60" box="[356,446,982,1003]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="333">armatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected from Japan. Scales: 10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA301296B57FFFA14CEFB5FAC9CFB44" blockId="10.[145,506,1210,1231]" box="[145,506,1210,1231]" pageId="10" pageNumber="333">
<heading id="D0EBB6456B57FFFA14CEFB5FAC9CFB44" box="[145,506,1210,1231]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="333" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B968DD3B6B57FFFA14CEFB5FAC23FB44" box="[145,325,1210,1231]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="333">Associated host:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1C7AAA6B57FFFA150EFB5FAC9CFB44" box="[337,506,1210,1231]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="10" pageNumber="333" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B968DD3B6B57FFFA150EFB5FACB5FB44" box="[337,467,1210,1231]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="333">Hyalonema</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30652A26B57FFFA14CEFB1DAF01F8FF" pageId="10" pageNumber="333" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA301296B57FFFA14CEFB1DAF01F8FF" blockId="10.[145,762,1272,1908]" pageId="10" pageNumber="333">
<emphasis id="B968DD3B6B57FFFA14CEFB1DAD9DFA86" box="[145,251,1272,1293]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="333">Remarks:</emphasis>
Polyp dimensions of the examined specimen are larger than those of
<taxonomicName id="4C1C7AAA6B57FFFA15F9FAFDAF6BFAA7" baseAuthorityName="Schultze" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[422,525,1303,1325]" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="333" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fatuus">
<emphasis id="B968DD3B6B57FFFA15F9FAFDAF6BFAA7" box="[422,525,1303,1325]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="333">E. fatuus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1C7AAA6B57FFFA1619FAFDAFA6FAA7" authorityName="Hertwig" authorityYear="1888" box="[582,704,1303,1325]" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="333" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="stellaris">
<emphasis id="B968DD3B6B57FFFA1619FAFDAFA6FAA7" box="[582,704,1303,1325]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="333">E. stellaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and this specimen resembles
<taxonomicName id="4C1C7AAA6B57FFFA15E6FAD3AF5AFAC0" authorityName="CARLGREN" authorityYear="1923" box="[441,572,1334,1355]" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="333" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="armatus">
<emphasis id="B968DD3B6B57FFFA15E6FAD3AF5AFAC0" box="[441,572,1334,1355]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="333">E. armatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as described by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D7CD86B57FFFA14CEFAB1AC29FAE0" author="Carlgren O" box="[145,335,1364,1387]" pageId="10" pageNumber="333" pagination="252 - 337" refId="ref14376" refString="Carlgren O. 1923. Ceriantharia und zoantharia der deutschen tiefsee-expedition. Zoantharia. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer ' Valdivia' 1898 - 1899 19: 252 - 337." type="journal article" year="1923">Carlgren (1923)</bibRefCitation>
. The morphological characters and dimensions observed in the examined specimen agree well with the original description by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D7CD86B57FFFA1662FA77AF95FA23" author="Carlgren O" box="[573,755,1426,1448]" pageId="10" pageNumber="333" pagination="252 - 337" refId="ref14376" refString="Carlgren O. 1923. Ceriantharia und zoantharia der deutschen tiefsee-expedition. Zoantharia. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer ' Valdivia' 1898 - 1899 19: 252 - 337." type="journal article" year="1923">Carlgren (1923)</bibRefCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C1C7AAA6B57FFFA14CEFA55ACF6FA4D" authorityName="CARLGREN" authorityYear="1923" box="[145,400,1456,1478]" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="333" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="armatus">
<emphasis id="B968DD3B6B57FFFA14CEFA55ACF6FA4D" box="[145,400,1456,1478]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="333">Epizoanthus armatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally described from East Africa (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D7CD86B57FFFA1542FA2AACA5FA6F" author="Carlgren O" box="[285,451,1487,1509]" pageId="10" pageNumber="333" pagination="252 - 337" refId="ref14376" refString="Carlgren O. 1923. Ceriantharia und zoantharia der deutschen tiefsee-expedition. Zoantharia. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer ' Valdivia' 1898 - 1899 19: 252 - 337." type="journal article" year="1923">Carlgren, 1923</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D7CD86B57FFFA1588FA2AAFF5FA6E" author="Kise H &amp; Dewa N &amp; Reimer JD" box="[471,659,1487,1509]" pageId="10" pageNumber="333" pagination="136 - 141" refId="ref15867" refString="Kise H, Dewa N, Reimer JD. 2018. First record of sea urchinassociated Epizoanthus planus from Japanese waters and its morphology and molecular phylogeny. Plankton and Benthos Research 13: 136 - 141." type="journal article" year="2018">
Kise
<emphasis id="B968DD3B6B57FFFA164FFA35AF21FA6F" box="[528,583,1487,1509]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="333">et al.</emphasis>
(2018)
</bibRefCitation>
reported the existence of
<taxonomicName id="4C1C7AAA6B57FFFA1515FA0BAF0FF988" authority="Carlgren, 1923" authorityName="Carlgren" authorityYear="1923" box="[330,617,1518,1540]" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="333" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="planus">
<emphasis id="B968DD3B6B57FFFA1515FA0BACD1F988" box="[330,439,1518,1539]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="333">E. planus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D7CD86B57FFFA15E1FA0BAF0FF988" author="Carlgren O" box="[446,617,1518,1540]" pageId="10" pageNumber="333" pagination="252 - 337" refId="ref14376" refString="Carlgren O. 1923. Ceriantharia und zoantharia der deutschen tiefsee-expedition. Zoantharia. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer ' Valdivia' 1898 - 1899 19: 252 - 337." type="journal article" year="1923">
Carlgren,
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</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in Japanese waters, and this species was also originally described from East Africa.Therefore, it is possible that
<taxonomicName id="4C1C7AAA6B57FFFA1620F9C9AF9FF9CA" authorityName="CARLGREN" authorityYear="1923" box="[639,761,1580,1601]" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="333" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="armatus">
<emphasis id="B968DD3B6B57FFFA1620F9C9AF9FF9CA" box="[639,761,1580,1601]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="333">E. armatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may also be distributed in Japanese waters. However, the collected depths of the examined specimen in this study and the specimens
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D7CD86B57FFFA15F4F962AF3DF916" author="Carlgren O" box="[427,603,1671,1693]" pageId="10" pageNumber="333" pagination="252 - 337" refId="ref14376" refString="Carlgren O. 1923. Ceriantharia und zoantharia der deutschen tiefsee-expedition. Zoantharia. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer ' Valdivia' 1898 - 1899 19: 252 - 337." type="journal article" year="1923">Carlgren (1923)</bibRefCitation>
examined are different (
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vs.
<quantity id="4CE4ACCC6B57FFFA1536F943AC96F930" box="[361,496,1702,1724]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0515" metricValueMax="1.3619999999999999" metricValueMin="0.7409999999999999" pageId="10" pageNumber="333" unit="m" value="1051.5" valueMax="1362.0" valueMin="741.0">7411362 m</quantity>
deep). We also could not observe internal morphology of the examined specimen due to its poor preserved condition. Therefore, we here preliminarily identified the examined specimen as
<taxonomicName id="4C1C7AAA6B57FFFA14CEF8C5ACDEF8BD" authorityName="CARLGREN" authorityYear="1923" box="[145,440,1824,1846]" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="333" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="armatus">
<emphasis id="B968DD3B6B57FFFA14CEF8C5AC44F8BE" box="[145,290,1824,1845]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="333">Epizoanthus</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="B968DD3B6B57FFFA1508F8C4ACDEF8BD" box="[343,440,1825,1846]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="333">armatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Examination of additional specimens combined with molecular analyses should help confirm the identity of this specimen.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>