624 lines
71 KiB
XML
624 lines
71 KiB
XML
<document id="E712ECFCAC33BD26A344C56761EE8C84" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.197589" ID-GBIF-Dataset="53fca97f-1dda-43cc-b95e-2eca97fde26c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="197589" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460273136847" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lavoué, Sébastien, Sullivan, John P. & Arnegard, Matthew E." docDate="2010" docId="0394455B7011B469B8BFA585C3D0D34B" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02600p052.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2600" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Petrocephalus pulsivertens Lavoué, Sullivan & Arnegard, 2010, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="35" masterDocId="FFAD3D23700EB44BB828A742C128D67C" masterDocTitle="African weakly electric fishes of the genus Petrocephalus (Osteoglossomorpha: Mormyridae) of Odzala National Park, Republic of the Congo (Lékoli River, Congo River basin) with description of five new species" masterLastPageNumber="52" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="32" updateTime="1698247377879" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="A9EC870BBB525E6E7F19B8DE519CBC79">
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<mods:title id="99E3C320056C31589F3434ADEFE91D2D">African weakly electric fishes of the genus Petrocephalus (Osteoglossomorpha: Mormyridae) of Odzala National Park, Republic of the Congo (Lékoli River, Congo River basin) with description of five new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="F894D74F99A5D653F302C01DBC1016A0" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="B4A4D51A9A302ACEB173A7B393B905EC">Lavoué, Sébastien</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BFACEBFDE7CF7D175E4F5BB6D2BD4C2D">Sullivan, John P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="5895652BD3C485ED550FE3BA37C109CB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="5E22E33E904D9188B5DF1A30C3ECCC8A">Arnegard, Matthew E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="376A1CBB51A4B7A1DAB2DE7913E33078">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="7FB8116255755B920E8FEB8C17B030D7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="1FBAF3934DE789A4209CD555FF1395FF">
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<mods:date id="FEFAAECE7298A138191C472A024DF841">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="37DD0935F210CFF726D4F4CAC1C2C76A" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="A13D258E9C02EDA47559FBDC63B5B126">2600</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="22583AA1EA526C6FFF1EF3B424B8A11C" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.197589</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="45FDEE7BE91089B216ADFDAFE3A56C80" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="EF8F80200CE3FAE2D63FDEFFB7235245" type="Zenodo-Dep">197589</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0394455B7011B469B8BFA585C3D0D34B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6202210" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119395505" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6202210" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4FAD75E3-DEDA-4FC1-B07A-5B7A6DA91933" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394455B7011B469B8BFA585C3D0D34B" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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<subSubSection id="C327A7C67011B454B8BFA585C1DAD5E8" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B82F44D7011B454B8BFA585C30DD49D" blockId="31.[151,549,711,737]" box="[151,549,711,737]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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<heading id="D0CA43217011B454B8BFA585C30DD49D" bold="true" box="[151,549,711,737]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B949285F7011B454B8BFA585C30DD49D" bold="true" box="[151,549,711,737]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3D8FCE7011B454B8BFA585C0F4D49D" ID-CoL="4FDXW" box="[151,476,711,737]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulsivertens" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B949285F7011B454B8BFA585C0F4D49D" bold="true" box="[151,476,711,737]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Petrocephalus pulsivertens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27A95247011B454B9CBA585C30DD49D" box="[483,549,711,737]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B82F44D7011B454B8BFA452C533D55B" blockId="31.[151,1051,784,807]" box="[151,1051,784,807]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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[Odzala field identification and in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAC89BC7011B454BA2FA452C3F6D55B" box="[519,734,784,807]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refString="Lavoue, S., Arnegard, M. E., Sullivan, J. P. & Hopkins, C. D. (2008) Petrocephalus of Odzala offer insights into evolutionary patterns of signal diversification in the Mormyridae, a family of weakly electrogenic fishes from Africa. Journal of Physiology - Paris, 102, 322 - 339." type="journal article">
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Lavoué
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<emphasis id="B949285F7011B454BA75A452C3A4D55B" box="[605,652,784,807]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">et al</emphasis>
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(2008)
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</bibRefCitation>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4C3D8FCE7011B454BAC0A452C2A9D55B" box="[744,897,784,807]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B949285F7011B454BAC0A452C2A9D55B" box="[744,897,784,807]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Petrocephalus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. 9, OTU 9]
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B82F44D7011B454B8BFA417C1DAD5E8" blockId="31.[151,1438,853,2036]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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<emphasis id="B949285F7011B454B8BFA417C1D0D513" bold="true" box="[151,248,853,879]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Images.</emphasis>
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<figureCitation id="1306E8C87011B454B928A417C07AD513" box="[256,338,853,879]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="32.[151,257,1623,1647]" captionTargetBox="[203,1383,183,1601]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[203,1384,183,1602]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 11. Petrocephalus pulsivertens n. sp. of the Lékoli River system of Odzala National Park, Republic of the Congo. A. Photograph of a live specimen (no scale). B. Photograph of the preserved holotype (CU 88085; scale bar = 1.0 cm). C. EOD waveforms. One EOD was arbitrarily selected from each recorded individual and superimposed with the other recordings (N = number of individuals). All EODs are scaled to the same peak-to-peak voltage, and they are plotted (head-positive up) on the same time scale as overlays centered on the largest positive peak of each waveform (scale bar = 0.2 msec)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197600/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
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A, photo of a live specimen from Odzala and
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<figureCitation id="1306E8C87011B454BB5AA417C2EED513" box="[882,966,853,879]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="32.[151,257,1623,1647]" captionTargetBox="[203,1383,183,1601]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[203,1384,183,1602]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 11. Petrocephalus pulsivertens n. sp. of the Lékoli River system of Odzala National Park, Republic of the Congo. A. Photograph of a live specimen (no scale). B. Photograph of the preserved holotype (CU 88085; scale bar = 1.0 cm). C. EOD waveforms. One EOD was arbitrarily selected from each recorded individual and superimposed with the other recordings (N = number of individuals). All EODs are scaled to the same peak-to-peak voltage, and they are plotted (head-positive up) on the same time scale as overlays centered on the largest positive peak of each waveform (scale bar = 0.2 msec)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197600/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
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B, photo of the preserved
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<typeStatus id="54864AEF7011B454BCD2A417C449D513" box="[1274,1377,853,879]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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(CU 88085).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C327A7C67011B454B8EEA4DDC597D3B8" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="materials_examined">
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<typeStatus id="54864AEF7011B454B8EEA4DDC029D5C5" box="[198,257,927,953]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Type</typeStatus>
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material.
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</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54864AEF7011B454B9ACA4E2C0DCD5C6" box="[388,500,928,954]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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, CU 88085 (morpho,
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<collectionCode id="ED2C6C887011B454BADCA4E2C210D5C6" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" box="[756,824,928,954]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">DNA</collectionCode>
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), male,
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<quantity id="4CC559A87011B454BBBCA4E2C522D5C6" box="[916,1034,928,954]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.148" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="114.8">114.8 mm</quantity>
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<collectionCode id="ED2C6C887011B454BC39A4E2C51FD5C6" box="[1041,1079,928,954]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">SL</collectionCode>
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.
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<collectingCountry id="F32AB4DD7011B454BC6BA4E2C465D5C6" box="[1091,1357,928,954]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
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, small channel around island in Lékoli River (
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<collectingCountry id="F32AB4DD7011B454BA40A487C390D5A3" box="[616,696,965,991]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Congo</collectingCountry>
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basin), Odzala National Park, (
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0.62
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<emphasis id="B949285F7011B454BC4BA487C547D5A2" box="[1123,1135,965,990]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">°</emphasis>
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N
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</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE09928A7011B454BCB4A487C42FD5A3" box="[1180,1287,965,991]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" precision="555" value="14.95">
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14.95
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<emphasis id="B949285F7011B454BCF6A487C5C2D5A2" box="[1246,1258,965,990]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">°</emphasis>
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E
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</geoCoordinate>
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), V. Mbossi, J.P. Friel, S. Lavoué & J.P. Sullivan coll.,
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<date id="FF83D28D7011B454BAA9A4A8C217D278" box="[641,831,1002,1028]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" value="2002-08-16">16 August 2002</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B82F44D7011B454B8EEA352C560D306" blockId="31.[151,1438,853,2036]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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<typeStatus id="54864AEF7011B454B8EEA352C014D256" box="[198,316,1040,1066]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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.
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||
<collectionCode id="ED2C6C887011B454B96EA352C088D256" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[326,416,1040,1066]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">AMNH</collectionCode>
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251418 (ex CU 88096) (morpho,
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<collectionCode id="ED2C6C887011B454BB04A352C245D256" box="[812,877,1040,1066]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">EOD</collectionCode>
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), male,
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<quantity id="4CC559A87011B454BBEFA352C507D256" box="[967,1071,1040,1066]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.99" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="99.9">99.9 mm</quantity>
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<collectionCode id="ED2C6C887011B454BC1DA352C573D256" box="[1077,1115,1040,1066]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">SL</collectionCode>
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||
; CU 88097 (morpho,
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<collectionCode id="ED2C6C887011B454BD70A352C4BFD256" box="[1368,1431,1040,1066]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">EOD</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode id="ED2C6C887011B454B8BFA377C1C8D233" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" box="[151,224,1077,1103]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">DNA</collectionCode>
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; caudal peduncle dissected by
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC89BC7011B454BA5EA377C2ACD233" box="[630,900,1077,1103]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refString="Lavoue, S., Arnegard, M. E., Sullivan, J. P. & Hopkins, C. D. (2008) Petrocephalus of Odzala offer insights into evolutionary patterns of signal diversification in the Mormyridae, a family of weakly electrogenic fishes from Africa. Journal of Physiology - Paris, 102, 322 - 339." type="journal article">
|
||
Lavoué
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||
<emphasis id="B949285F7011B454BAC8A377C20CD232" box="[736,804,1077,1102]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
to sample electric organ for histological examination), sex undet., 95.0 mm
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2C6C887011B454BA1BA318C371D208" box="[563,601,1114,1140]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">SL</collectionCode>
|
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;
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||
<collectionCode id="ED2C6C887011B454BA4CA318C396D208" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[612,702,1114,1140]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">AMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
251419 (ex CU 88098) (morpho,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2C6C887011B454BC64A318C5A5D208" box="[1100,1165,1114,1140]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">EOD</collectionCode>
|
||
), sex undet.,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC559A87011B454BD0DA318C4B4D208" box="[1317,1436,1114,1140]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.032" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="103.2">103.2 mm</quantity>
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<collectionCode id="ED2C6C887011B454B8BFA3C2C195D2E6" box="[151,189,1152,1178]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">SL</collectionCode>
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.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32AB4DD7011B454B8EFA3C2C0F8D2E6" box="[199,464,1152,1178]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
, small channel around island in Lékoli River (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32AB4DD7011B454BBC5A3C2C515D2E6" box="[1005,1085,1152,1178]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
basin), Odzala National Park, (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE09928A7011B454B8B7A3E7C029D2C3" box="[159,257,1189,1215]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" precision="555" value="0.62">
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0.62
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F7011B454B8FCA3E7C1C8D2C2" box="[212,224,1189,1214]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">°</emphasis>
|
||
N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE09928A7011B454B926A3E7C052D2C3" box="[270,378,1189,1215]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" precision="555" value="14.95">
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14.95
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F7011B454B979A3E7C075D2C2" box="[337,349,1189,1214]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">°</emphasis>
|
||
E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), J.P. Friel, S. Lavoué & J.P. Sullivan coll.,
|
||
<date id="FF83D28D7011B454BBA0A3E7C52FD2C3" box="[904,1031,1189,1215]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" value="1920-08">20 August</date>
|
||
, 2002. CU 87839 (morpho,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2C6C887011B454BD7FA3E7C4BFD2C3" box="[1367,1431,1189,1215]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">EOD</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2C6C887011B454B8BFA388C1F7D298" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" box="[151,223,1226,1252]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">DNA</collectionCode>
|
||
), male,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC559A87011B454B96BA388C09BD298" box="[323,435,1226,1252]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.73" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="87.3">87.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2C6C887011B454B993A388C0CBD298" box="[443,483,1226,1252]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">SL</collectionCode>
|
||
; CU 89188 (morpho), sex undet.,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC559A87011B454BBBDA388C52DD298" box="[917,1029,1226,1252]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.85" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="98.5">98.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2C6C887011B454BC26A388C51ED298" box="[1038,1078,1226,1252]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">SL</collectionCode>
|
||
; CU 89188 (morpho, caudal peduncle dissected by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC89BC7011B454B98AA3B2C3BCD376" box="[418,660,1264,1290]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refString="Lavoue, S., Arnegard, M. E., Sullivan, J. P. & Hopkins, C. D. (2008) Petrocephalus of Odzala offer insights into evolutionary patterns of signal diversification in the Mormyridae, a family of weakly electrogenic fishes from Africa. Journal of Physiology - Paris, 102, 322 - 339." type="journal article">
|
||
Lavoué
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F7011B454BA2BA3B2C316D375" box="[515,574,1264,1289]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to sample electric organ for histological examination, sex undet.,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC559A87011B454B8BFA257C027D353" box="[151,271,1301,1327]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.036" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="103.6">103.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2C6C887011B454B93FA257C015D353" box="[279,317,1301,1327]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">SL</collectionCode>
|
||
; CU 89188 (morpho), male,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC559A87011B454BABBA257C223D353" box="[659,779,1301,1327]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.074" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="107.4">107.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2C6C887011B454BB3BA257C211D353" box="[787,825,1301,1327]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">SL</collectionCode>
|
||
; CU 89188 (morpho), male,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC559A87011B454BCA6A257C5D0D353" box="[1166,1272,1301,1327]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.61" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="86.1">86.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2C6C887011B454BD28A257C40ED353" box="[1280,1318,1301,1327]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">SL</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32AB4DD7011B454BD1AA257C01DD328" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
, small channel around island in Lékoli River (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32AB4DD7011B454BB4FA278C290D328" box="[871,952,1338,1364]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
basin), Odzala National Park, (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE09928A7011B454BD1DA278C4BFD328" box="[1333,1431,1338,1364]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" precision="555" value="0.62">
|
||
0.62
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F7011B454BD43A279C45FD328" box="[1387,1399,1339,1364]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">°</emphasis>
|
||
N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE09928A7011B454B8BFA222C029D306" box="[151,257,1376,1402]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" precision="555" value="14.95">
|
||
14.95
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F7011B454B8F1A222C1CDD305" box="[217,229,1376,1401]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">°</emphasis>
|
||
E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), V. Mbossi, J.P. Friel, S. Lavoué & J.P. Sullivan coll.,
|
||
<date id="FF83D28D7011B454BBADA222C56CD306" box="[901,1092,1376,1402]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" value="2002-08-16">16 August 2002</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B82F44D7011B454B8EEA2C7C597D3B8" blockId="31.[151,1438,853,2036]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F7011B454B8EEA2C7C08CD3E3" bold="true" box="[198,420,1413,1439]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Other specimens.</emphasis>
|
||
We examined five other specimens from Odzala National Park and one from the Sangha River basin (specimen list provided in the section "additional material examined").
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C327A7C67011B454B8EEA28DC2D3D168" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B82F44D7011B454B8EEA28DC2D3D168" blockId="31.[151,1438,853,2036]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F7011B454B8EEA28DC06ED395" bold="true" box="[198,326,1487,1513]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D8FCE7011B454B97AA292C3BCD395" box="[338,660,1488,1513]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulsivertens" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F7011B454B97AA292C3BCD395" box="[338,660,1488,1513]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Petrocephalus pulsivertens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27A95247011B454BA88A28DC3CFD395" box="[672,743,1487,1513]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F7011B454BA88A28DC3CFD395" bold="true" box="[672,743,1487,1513]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is distinguished from all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D8FCE7011B454BC58A292C430D395" box="[1136,1304,1488,1513]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F7011B454BC58A292C430D395" box="[1136,1304,1488,1513]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Petrocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species in Central Africa by the following combination of characteristics. Dorsal fin with at least 25 branched rays (range = 25–27). Anal fin with at least 31 branched rays (range = 31–35). Mouth large (HL/MW ≤ 3.7, range = 3.0–3.7). Fifteen to 21 teeth in the lower jaw; 24–30 teeth in the upper jaw. Eye large (HL/ED ≤ 3.5, range = 3.2–3.5). Pigmentation pattern consists of two distinctive melanin markings (black patches): (1) a distinct ovoid mark below the anterior base of the dorsal fin; and (2) a crescent-like mark, sometimes diffuse, centered at the base of the caudal fin and extending onto the upper and lower parts of the caudal fin. EOD appears to be inverted in polarity, with a first main phase that is negative under the standard recording geometry, resulting in a waveform that is very distinctive in comparison to all known congeners.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C327A7C67011B469B8EEA05DC3E5D75E" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B82F44D7011B46AB8EEA05DC523D73B" blockId="31.[151,1438,853,2036]" lastBlockId="33.[151,1438,152,327]" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F7011B454B8EEA05DC077D145" bold="true" box="[198,351,1823,1849]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometric ratios and meristic data for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54864AEF7011B454BBABA062C2C1D146" box="[899,1001,1824,1850]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="54864AEF7011B454BC0AA062C5BAD146" box="[1058,1170,1824,1850]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are presented in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6BFC1F67011B454BD73A062C182D123" captionStart="TABLE 9" captionStartId="33.[151,241,375,399]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,570,1471]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="TABLE 9. Principal morphometric ratios and meristic counts for the holotype (CU 88085) and eight paratypes (CU 88097, CU 87839, CU 89188, AMNH 250932, AMNH 250933) of Petrocephalus pulsivertens n. sp. (Abbreviations: m = male; Std – Dev = standard deviation; Min – Max = minimum – maximum)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF42A4C5702FB46AB8BFA635C2A7D7B3" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" tableUuid="DF42A4C5702FB46AB8BFA635C2A7D7B3">Table 9</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D8FCE7011B454B89FA007C324D122" box="[183,524,1861,1886]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulsivertens" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F7011B454B89FA007C324D122" box="[183,524,1861,1886]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Petrocephalus pulsivertens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27A95247011B454BA3DA007C375D123" box="[533,605,1861,1887]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F7011B454BA3DA007C375D123" bold="true" box="[533,605,1861,1887]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is a relatively large sized species within the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D8FCE7011B454BCC1A007C4B4D122" box="[1257,1436,1861,1886]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F7011B454BCC1A007C4B4D122" box="[1257,1436,1861,1886]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Petrocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(maximum SL observed =
|
||
<quantity id="4CC559A87011B454B9F9A028C362D1F8" box="[465,586,1898,1924]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.148" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="114.8">114.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
, the length of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54864AEF7011B454BB33A028C2AFD1F8" box="[795,903,1898,1924]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
). Body ovoid, longer than high (2.6 ≤ SL/H ≤ 2.9,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54864AEF7011B454B8E2A0D2C007D1D6" box="[202,303,1936,1962]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
average = 2.7,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54864AEF7011B454B9CDA0D2C363D1D6" box="[485,587,1936,1962]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
= 2.8) and laterally compressed. Head length between 3.6 and 3.7 times in standard length (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54864AEF7011B454B955A0F7C0CFD1B3" box="[381,487,1973,1999]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
= 3.7). Eye large (3.2 ≤ HL/ED ≤ 3.5,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54864AEF7011B454BB94A0F7C50AD1B3" box="[956,1058,1973,1999]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
average = 3.4,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54864AEF7011B454BCF4A0F7C46CD1B3" box="[1244,1348,1973,1999]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
= 3.5). Snout short (6.1 ≤ HL/SNL ≤ 7.3,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54864AEF7011B454BA02A098C3A7D188" box="[554,655,2010,2036]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
average = 6.5,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54864AEF7011B454BB6CA098C282D188" box="[836,938,2010,2036]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
= 6.8) and round. Mouth large (3.0 ≤ HL/ MW ≤ 3.7,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54864AEF702EB46BB90AA002C0AFD126" box="[290,391,1856,1882]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
average = 3.3,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54864AEF702EB46BBA68A002C38FD126" box="[576,679,1856,1882]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
= 3.0), sub-terminal, opening just under the anterior half of the eye. Teeth bicuspid, small and numerous, 15–21 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54864AEF702EB46BBAF4A027C26BD103" box="[732,835,1893,1919]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
average = 18,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54864AEF702EB46BBBD8A027C57FD103" box="[1008,1111,1893,1919]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
= 21) in a single row in the upper jaw, 24–30 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54864AEF702EB46BB947A0C8C0FED1D8" box="[367,470,1930,1956]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
average = 28,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54864AEF702EB46BBAAAA0C8C3C1D1D8" box="[642,745,1930,1956]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
= 29) in a single row in the lower jaw. Dorsal and anal fins originate in the posterior half of the body (1.6 ≤ SL/PDD ≤ 1.7 and 1.7 ≤ SL/PAD ≤ 1.8, respectively). Predorsal distance equal to, or slightly greater than, pre-anal distance (1.0 ≤ PDD/PAD ≤ 1.1). Dorsal fin with 25– 27 branched rays (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54864AEF702FB46AB945A7DAC0FCD6CE" box="[365,468,152,178]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
median = 26,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54864AEF702FB46ABA52A7DAC3C8D6CE" box="[634,736,152,178]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
= 26). Anal fin with 31–35 branched rays (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54864AEF702FB46ABCF0A7DAC417D6CE" box="[1240,1343,152,178]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
median = 33,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54864AEF702FB46AB8F3A7FFC069D6AB" box="[219,321,189,215]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
= 34). Scales cover the body, except for the head. Lateral line visible and complete with 38–40 pored scales along its length. Caudal peduncle relatively thin (2.1 ≤ CPL/CPD ≤ 2.3,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54864AEF702FB46ABCAAA7A0C5C1D680" box="[1154,1257,226,252]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
= 2.2). Twelve scales around the caudal peduncle. Skin on head thick, becoming opaque with formalin fixation. Knollenorgan electroreceptors on head clustered into three distinct rosettes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF42A4C5702EB46BB8BFA115C02ED173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197600/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" targetBox="[203,1383,183,1601]" targetPageId="32">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B82F44D702EB46BB8BFA115C02ED173" blockId="32.[151,1437,1623,1807]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F702EB46BB8BFA115C001D013" bold="true" box="[151,297,1623,1647]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D8FCE702EB46BB919A11AC372D013" box="[305,602,1624,1647]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulsivertens" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F702EB46BB919A11AC372D013" box="[305,602,1624,1647]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Petrocephalus pulsivertens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27A9524702EB46BBA4AA115C388D013" box="[610,672,1623,1647]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F702EB46BBA4AA115C388D013" bold="true" box="[610,672,1623,1647]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
of the Lékoli River system of Odzala National Park, Republic of the Congo. A. Photograph of a live specimen (no scale). B. Photograph of the preserved holotype (CU 88085; scale bar = 1.0 cm). C. EOD waveforms. One EOD was arbitrarily selected from each recorded individual and superimposed with the other recordings (
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F702EB46BB97BA1FAC04DD0B3" box="[339,357,1720,1743]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">N</emphasis>
|
||
= number of individuals). All EODs are scaled to the same peak-to-peak voltage, and they are plotted (head-positive up) on the same time scale as overlays centered on the largest positive peak of each waveform (scale bar = 0.2 msec).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF42A4C5702FB46AB8BFA635C2A7D7B3" ID-Table-UUID="DF42A4C5702FB46AB8BFA635C2A7D7B3" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF42A4C5702FB46AB8BFA635C2A7D7B3" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" targetBox="[151,1436,570,1471]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="33">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B82F44D702FB46AB8BFA635C2A7D7B3" blockId="33.[151,1436,375,551]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F702FB46AB8BFA635C026D7F3" bold="true" box="[151,270,375,399]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">TABLE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Principal morphometric ratios and meristic counts for the holotype (CU 88085) and eight paratypes (CU 88097, CU 87839, CU 89188, AMNH 250932, AMNH 250933) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D8FCE702FB46ABB4BA6DAC5ABD7D3" box="[867,1155,408,431]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulsivertens" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F702FB46ABB4BA6DAC5ABD7D3" box="[867,1155,408,431]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Petrocephalus pulsivertens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27A9524702FB46ABCA1A6D5C5ECD7D3" box="[1161,1220,407,431]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F702FB46ABCA1A6D5C5ECD7D3" bold="true" box="[1161,1220,407,431]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(Abbreviations: m= male; Std–Dev= standard deviation; Min–Max= minimum–maximum).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B82F44D702FB46ABA8EA6A8C514D783" blockId="33.[151,1436,375,551]" box="[678,1084,490,511]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54864AEF702FB46ABA8EA6A8C3D7D783" box="[678,767,490,511]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(m)
|
||
<typeStatus id="54864AEF702FB46ABB8CA6A8C529D783" box="[932,1025,490,511]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(n=8)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B82F44D702FB46ABB8CA550C5FAD073" blockId="33.[151,1436,375,551]" lastBlockId="33.[159,1234,1530,1591]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Min–Max Mean Std–Dev Min–Max Median</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B82F44D702FB46AB8B7A578C41BD3C3" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<table id="F93D06ED702F4BB4B8BFA578C4B4D3C3" box="[151,1436,570,1471]" gridcols="5" gridrows="20" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F702F4BB4B8BFA578C4B4D433" box="[151,1436,570,591]" gridrow="0" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73702F4BB4B8BFA578C331D433" box="[151,537,570,591]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Standard length (mm)</th>
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BA8EA578C3F2D433" box="[678,730,570,591]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">114.8</th>
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BB8CA578C527D433" box="[932,1039,570,591]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">86.1–107.4</th>
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BCA1A578C59BD433" box="[1161,1203,570,591]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">97.6</th>
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BD3DA578C4B4D433" box="[1301,1436,570,591]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">7.7</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F702F4BB4B8BFA520C4B4D40B" box="[151,1436,610,631]" gridrow="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73702F4BB4B8BFA520C331D40B" box="[151,537,610,631]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Head length (mm)</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BA8EA520C3F2D40B" box="[678,730,610,631]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">30.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BB8CA520C527D40B" box="[932,1039,610,631]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">23.5–30.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BCA1A520C59BD40B" box="[1161,1203,610,631]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">26.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BD3DA520C4B4D40B" box="[1301,1436,610,631]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">2.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F702F4BB4B8BFA5F0C4B4D4BB" box="[151,1436,690,711]" gridrow="2" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73702F4BB4B8BFA5F0C331D4BB" box="[151,537,690,711]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Ratio of standard length (SL):</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F702F4BB4B8BFA598C4B4D493" box="[151,1436,730,751]" gridrow="3" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73702F4BB4B8BFA598C331D493" box="[151,537,730,751]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">SL/body height (H)</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BA8EA598C3F2D493" box="[678,730,730,751]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">2.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BB8CA598C527D493" box="[932,1039,730,751]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">2.6–2.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BCA1A598C59BD493" box="[1161,1203,730,751]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">2.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BD3DA598C4B4D493" box="[1301,1436,730,751]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">0.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F702F4BB4B8BFA440C4B4D56B" box="[151,1436,770,791]" gridrow="4" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73702F4BB4B8BFA440C331D56B" box="[151,537,770,791]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">SL/head length (HL)</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BA8EA440C3F2D56B" box="[678,730,770,791]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">3.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BB8CA440C527D56B" box="[932,1039,770,791]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">3.6–3.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BCA1A440C59BD56B" box="[1161,1203,770,791]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">3.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BD3DA440C4B4D56B" box="[1301,1436,770,791]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">0.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F702F4BB4B8BFA468C4B4D543" box="[151,1436,810,831]" gridrow="5" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73702F4BB4B8BFA468C331D543" box="[151,537,810,831]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">SL/pre-dorsal distance (PDD)</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BA8EA468C3F2D543" box="[678,730,810,831]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">1.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BB8CA468C527D543" box="[932,1039,810,831]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">1.6–1.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BCA1A468C59BD543" box="[1161,1203,810,831]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">1.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BD3DA468C4B4D543" box="[1301,1436,810,831]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">0.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F702F4BB4B8BFA410C4B4D51B" box="[151,1436,850,871]" gridrow="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73702F4BB4B8BFA410C331D51B" box="[151,537,850,871]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">SL/pre-anal distance (PAD)</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BA8EA410C3F2D51B" box="[678,730,850,871]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">1.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BB8CA410C527D51B" box="[932,1039,850,871]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">1.7–1.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BCA1A410C59BD51B" box="[1161,1203,850,871]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">1.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BD3DA410C4B4D51B" box="[1301,1436,850,871]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">0.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F702F4BB4B8BFA438C4B4D5F3" box="[151,1436,890,911]" gridrow="7" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73702F4BB4B8BFA438C331D5F3" box="[151,537,890,911]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">SL/dorsal fin length (DFL)</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BA8EA438C3F2D5F3" box="[678,730,890,911]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">4.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BB8CA438C527D5F3" box="[932,1039,890,911]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">3.9–4.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BCA1A438C59BD5F3" box="[1161,1203,890,911]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">4.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BD3DA438C4B4D5F3" box="[1301,1436,890,911]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">0.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F702F4BB4B8BFA4E0C4B4D5CB" box="[151,1436,930,951]" gridrow="8" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73702F4BB4B8BFA4E0C331D5CB" box="[151,537,930,951]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">SL/anal fin length (AFL)</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BA8EA4E0C3F2D5CB" box="[678,730,930,951]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">3.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BB8CA4E0C527D5CB" box="[932,1039,930,951]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">2.9–3.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BCA1A4E0C59BD5CB" box="[1161,1203,930,951]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">3.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BD3DA4E0C4B4D5CB" box="[1301,1436,930,951]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">0.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F702F4BB4B8BFA488C4B4D5A3" box="[151,1436,970,991]" gridrow="9" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73702F4BB4B8BFA488C331D5A3" box="[151,537,970,991]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">SL/caudal peduncle length (CPL)</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BA8EA488C3F2D5A3" box="[678,730,970,991]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">6.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BB8CA488C527D5A3" box="[932,1039,970,991]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">6.8–6.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BCA1A488C59BD5A3" box="[1161,1203,970,991]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">6.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BD3DA488C4B4D5A3" box="[1301,1436,970,991]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">0.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F702F4BB4B8BFA4B0C4B4D27B" box="[151,1436,1010,1031]" gridrow="10" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73702F4BB4B8BFA4B0C331D27B" box="[151,537,1010,1031]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">SL/mouth width (MW)</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BA8EA4B0C3F2D27B" box="[678,730,1010,1031]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">11.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BB8CA4B0C527D27B" box="[932,1039,1010,1031]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">11.1–13.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BCA1A4B0C59BD27B" box="[1161,1203,1010,1031]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">12.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BD3DA4B0C4B4D27B" box="[1301,1436,1010,1031]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">0.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F702F4BB4B8BFA300C4B4D22B" box="[151,1436,1090,1111]" gridrow="11" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73702F4BB4B8BFA300C331D22B" box="[151,537,1090,1111]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Ratio of head length (HL):</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F702F4BB4B8BFA328C4B4D203" box="[151,1436,1130,1151]" gridrow="12" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73702F4BB4B8BFA328C331D203" box="[151,537,1130,1151]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">HL/snout length (SNL)</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BA8EA328C3F2D203" box="[678,730,1130,1151]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">6.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BB8CA328C527D203" box="[932,1039,1130,1151]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">6.1–7.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BCA1A328C59BD203" box="[1161,1203,1130,1151]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">6.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BD3DA328C4B4D203" box="[1301,1436,1130,1151]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">0.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F702F4BB4B8BFA3D0C4B4D2DB" box="[151,1436,1170,1191]" gridrow="13" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73702F4BB4B8BFA3D0C331D2DB" box="[151,537,1170,1191]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">HL/mouth width (MW)</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BA8EA3D0C3F2D2DB" box="[678,730,1170,1191]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">3.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BB8CA3D0C527D2DB" box="[932,1039,1170,1191]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">3.0–3.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BCA1A3D0C59BD2DB" box="[1161,1203,1170,1191]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">3.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BD3DA3D0C4B4D2DB" box="[1301,1436,1170,1191]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">0.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F702F4BB4B8BFA3F8C4B4D2B3" box="[151,1436,1210,1231]" gridrow="14" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73702F4BB4B8BFA3F8C331D2B3" box="[151,537,1210,1231]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">HL/eye diameter (ED)</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BA8EA3F8C3F2D2B3" box="[678,730,1210,1231]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">3.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BB8CA3F8C527D2B3" box="[932,1039,1210,1231]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">3.2–3.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BCA1A3F8C59BD2B3" box="[1161,1203,1210,1231]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">3.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BD3DA3F8C4B4D2B3" box="[1301,1436,1210,1231]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">0.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F702F4BB4B8BFA3A0C4B4D28B" box="[151,1436,1250,1271]" gridrow="15" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73702F4BB4B8BFA3A0C331D28B" box="[151,537,1250,1271]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">HL/interorbital width (IOW)</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BA8EA3A0C3F2D28B" box="[678,730,1250,1271]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">3.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BB8CA3A0C527D28B" box="[932,1039,1250,1271]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">2.9–3.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BCA1A3A0C59BD28B" box="[1161,1203,1250,1271]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">3.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BD3DA3A0C4B4D28B" box="[1301,1436,1250,1271]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">0.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F702F4BB4B8BFA248C4B4D363" box="[151,1436,1290,1311]" gridrow="16" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73702F4BB4B8BFA248C331D363" box="[151,537,1290,1311]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">HL/head width (HW)</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BA8EA248C3F2D363" box="[678,730,1290,1311]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">1.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BB8CA248C527D363" box="[932,1039,1290,1311]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">1.8–2.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BCA1A248C59BD363" box="[1161,1203,1290,1311]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">1.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BD3DA248C4B4D363" box="[1301,1436,1290,1311]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">0.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F702F4BB4B8BFA270C4B4D33B" box="[151,1436,1330,1351]" gridrow="17" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73702F4BB4B8BFA270C331D33B" box="[151,537,1330,1351]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">HL/mouth position (MP)</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BA8EA270C3F2D33B" box="[678,730,1330,1351]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">3.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BB8CA270C527D33B" box="[932,1039,1330,1351]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">3.0–3.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BCA1A270C59BD33B" box="[1161,1203,1330,1351]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">3.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BD3DA270C4B4D33B" box="[1301,1436,1330,1351]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">0.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F702F4BB4B8BFA2C0C4B4D3EB" box="[151,1436,1410,1431]" gridrow="18" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73702F4BB4B8BFA2C0C331D3EB" box="[151,537,1410,1431]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Ratio of caudal peduncle length (CPL):</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F702F4BB4B8BFA2E8C4B4D3C3" box="[151,1436,1450,1471]" gridrow="19" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73702F4BB4B8BFA2E8C331D3C3" box="[151,537,1450,1471]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">CPL/caudal peduncle depth (CPD)</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BA8EA2E8C3F2D3C3" box="[678,730,1450,1471]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">2.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BB8CA2E8C527D3C3" box="[932,1039,1450,1471]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">2.1–2.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BCA1A2E8C59BD3C3" box="[1161,1203,1450,1471]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">2.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BD3DA2E8C4B4D3C3" box="[1301,1436,1450,1471]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">0.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B82F44D702FB46AB8B7A160C013D04B" blockId="33.[159,1234,1530,1591]" box="[159,315,1570,1591]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Meristic counts:</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B82F44D702FB46AB8B7A108C589D0D3" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<table id="F93D06ED702F4BB4B8B7A108C5FAD0D3" box="[159,1234,1610,1711]" gridcols="4" gridrows="3" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F702F4BB4B8B7A108C5FAD023" box="[159,1234,1610,1631]" gridrow="0" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73702F4BB4B8B7A108C307D023" box="[159,559,1610,1631]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Dorsal fin branched rays (DR)</th>
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BA8EA108C396D023" box="[678,702,1610,1631]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">26</th>
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BB8CA108C2C8D023" box="[932,992,1610,1631]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">25–27</th>
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BCA1A108C5FAD023" box="[1161,1234,1610,1631]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">26</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F702F4BB4B8B7A130C5FAD0FB" box="[159,1234,1650,1671]" gridrow="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73702F4BB4B8B7A130C307D0FB" box="[159,559,1650,1671]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Anal fin branched rays (AR)</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BA8EA130C396D0FB" box="[678,702,1650,1671]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">34</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BB8CA130C2C8D0FB" box="[932,992,1650,1671]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">31–35</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BCA1A130C5FAD0FB" box="[1161,1234,1650,1671]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">33</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F702F4BB4B8B7A1D8C5FAD0D3" box="[159,1234,1690,1711]" gridrow="2" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73702F4BB4B8B7A1D8C307D0D3" box="[159,559,1690,1711]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Number of scales in the lateral line (SLL)</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BA8EA1D8C396D0D3" box="[678,702,1690,1711]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">39</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BB8CA1D8C2C8D0D3" box="[932,992,1690,1711]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">38–40</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73702F4BB4BCA1A1D8C5FAD0D3" box="[1161,1234,1690,1711]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">39</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B82F44D702FB46AB8B7A180C32ED088" blockId="33.[159,1185,1730,1860]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Number of scale rows between the anterior base of 14 13–15 14 the anal fin and the lateral line (SDL)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B82F44D702FB469B8B7A045C3E5D75E" blockId="33.[159,1185,1730,1860]" lastBlockId="34.[151,1437,152,1335]" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
Number of teeth in the upper jaw (TUJ) 21 15–21 18 Number of teeth in the lower jaw (TLJ) 29 24–30 28
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F702FB46AB8EEA0C8C0AED1D8" bold="true" box="[198,390,1930,1956]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Live coloration</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1306E8C8702FB46AB9B0A0C8C0C5D1D8" box="[408,493,1930,1956]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="32.[151,257,1623,1647]" captionTargetBox="[203,1383,183,1601]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[203,1384,183,1602]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 11. Petrocephalus pulsivertens n. sp. of the Lékoli River system of Odzala National Park, Republic of the Congo. A. Photograph of a live specimen (no scale). B. Photograph of the preserved holotype (CU 88085; scale bar = 1.0 cm). C. EOD waveforms. One EOD was arbitrarily selected from each recorded individual and superimposed with the other recordings (N = number of individuals). All EODs are scaled to the same peak-to-peak voltage, and they are plotted (head-positive up) on the same time scale as overlays centered on the largest positive peak of each waveform (scale bar = 0.2 msec)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197600/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Body and head mostly whitish-silvery, but head also exhibits faint metallic blue-purple iridescence. Dorsum darker than the rest of the body. Melanin patterning consists of two distinct black marks: (1) a distinct ovoid melanin mark below the anterior base of the dorsal fin on each side of the body and (2) a crescent-like melanin mark, sometimes diffuse, centered at the base of the caudal fin on each side and extending onto the upper and lower parts of the caudal fin. No black mark is present at the base of the pectoral fins. The fins themselves are mostly translucent, with the dorsal and caudal fins sometimes turning slightly yellow after formaldehyde preservation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C327A7C6702CB469B8EEA66FC09AD2BB" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B82F44D702CB469B8EEA66FC36AD47E" blockId="34.[151,1437,152,1335]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F702CB469B8EEA66FC077D73B" bold="true" box="[198,351,301,327]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1306E8C8702CB469B95AA66FC091D73B" box="[370,441,301,327]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1561,1585]" captionTargetBox="[169,1408,388,1531]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1435,383,1536]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of Africa (right) showing the entire Congo River and its main tributaries together with the neighboring Lower Guinea province (first inset at center). The boundary between the Congo and Lower Guinea provinces is shown by a dashed line. Filled black circles indicate type localities for all Petrocephalus species that were described from either province and were considered valid just prior to the present study. Exact type localities are unknown for P. b a l a y i and P. sauvagii. Based on our understanding of the chronology of Central African exploration at the time of the descriptions, we estimate these type localities to be the following: the vicinity of Pool Malebo on the Lower Congo River near the modern cities of Brazzaville and Kinshasa [4.25 ° S, 15.29 ° E] for P. sauvagii; and the vicinity of the present-day city Lambaréné on the Lower Ogooué River [0.7 ° S, 10.22 ° E] for P. b a l a y i. Second inset at the far left: detailed map of Odzala National Park, located in the Congo River basin. Within the boundaries of the park, forest is shown in green and savannah in yellow. The red oval indicates our collection area (a segment of the Lékoli drainage system, including the lower parts of two of its tributaries, the Pandaka and Lékénie Rivers)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197590/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Endemic to the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32AB4DD702CB469BABCA66FC3CAD73B" box="[660,738,301,327]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
River basin. We collected
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D8FCE702CB469BC01A66FC5FED73A" box="[1065,1238,301,326]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulsivertens" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F702CB469BC01A66FC5FED73A" box="[1065,1238,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">P. pulsivertens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27A9524702CB469BCF7A66FC40CD73B" box="[1247,1316,301,327]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F702CB469BCF7A66FC40CD73B" bold="true" box="[1247,1316,301,327]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
along the main course of the Lékoli River. This species seemed to be absent from the small tributary creeks flowing through forest or savannah when we surveyed Odzala National Park. Elsewhere,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D8FCE702CB469BC7AA63AC5D6D7ED" box="[1106,1278,376,401]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulsivertens" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F702CB469BC7AA63AC5D6D7ED" box="[1106,1278,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">P. pulsivertens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27A9524702CB469BD2DA635C460D7ED" box="[1285,1352,375,401]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F702CB469BD2DA635C460D7ED" bold="true" box="[1285,1352,375,401]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
occurs in the vicinities of Brazzaville (i.e., the Pool Malebo), the Dja River (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32AB4DD702CB469BBF7A6DFC577D7CB" box="[991,1119,413,439]" name="Cameroon" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and the Dzangha-Sangha region (Sangha River basin,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32AB4DD702CB469B9C5A680C234D7A0" box="[493,796,450,476]" name="Central African Republic" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
|
||
) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F702CB469BB1EA680C282D7A7" box="[822,938,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">pers. obs.</emphasis>
|
||
), although no EOD recordings have been made of this species outside Odzala.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B82F44D702CB469B8EEA54FC09AD2BB" blockId="34.[151,1437,152,1335]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F702CB469B8EEA54FC0D1D45B" bold="true" box="[198,505,525,551]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Electric organ discharge</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1306E8C8702CB469BA22A54FC376D45B" box="[522,606,525,551]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="32.[151,257,1623,1647]" captionTargetBox="[203,1383,183,1601]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[203,1384,183,1602]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 11. Petrocephalus pulsivertens n. sp. of the Lékoli River system of Odzala National Park, Republic of the Congo. A. Photograph of a live specimen (no scale). B. Photograph of the preserved holotype (CU 88085; scale bar = 1.0 cm). C. EOD waveforms. One EOD was arbitrarily selected from each recorded individual and superimposed with the other recordings (N = number of individuals). All EODs are scaled to the same peak-to-peak voltage, and they are plotted (head-positive up) on the same time scale as overlays centered on the largest positive peak of each waveform (scale bar = 0.2 msec)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197600/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
C). The EOD waveform of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D8FCE702CB469BB89A54FC563D45A" box="[929,1099,525,550]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulsivertens" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F702CB469BB89A54FC563D45A" box="[929,1099,525,550]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">P. pulsivertens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27A9524702CB469BC7CA54FC5BFD45B" box="[1108,1175,525,551]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F702CB469BC7CA54FC5BFD45B" bold="true" box="[1108,1175,525,551]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, which is known only from our recordings in Odzala, resembles an inverted-polarity version of the "typical"
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D8FCE702CB469BC8DA570C478D437" box="[1189,1360,562,587]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F702CB469BC8DA570C478D437" box="[1189,1360,562,587]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Petrocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
EOD. That is, the temporal sequence of electrocyte face firing known for all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D8FCE702CB469BC08A51AC5E1D40D" box="[1056,1225,600,625]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F702CB469BC08A51AC5E1D40D" box="[1056,1225,600,625]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Petrocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(i.e., firing of the posterior electrocyte face preceding firing of the anterior electrocyte face) appears to be reversed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D8FCE702CB469BDAEA53FC00DD4C7" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulsivertens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F702CB469BDAEA53FC00DD4C7" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">P. pulsivertens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. At high gain, however, one can see that the very first event in the EOD is a minute head-positive deflection (for an example see
|
||
<figureCitation id="1306E8C8702CB469BA3CA58AC373D49E" box="[532,603,712,738]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,256,1811,1835]" captionTargetBox="[192,1394,343,1790]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[192,1394,343,1790]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Petrocephalus binotatus of the Lékoli River system of Odzala National Park, Republic of the Congo. A. Photograph of a live specimen (no scale: the photo has been maximally enlarged to better illustrate details of body shape, melanin patterning, etc.). B. Photograph of a preserved specimen (scale bar = 1.0 cm). C. EOD waveforms displayed separately for obvious males and other individuals (see text). One EOD was arbitrarily selected from each recorded individual and superimposed with the other recordings (N = number of individuals, given separately for obvious males and all other individuals). All EODs are scaled to the same peak-to-peak voltage, and they are plotted (head-positive up) on the same time scale as overlays centered on the largest positive peak of each waveform (scale bar = 0.2 msec)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197592/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
D of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC89BC702CB469BAB5A58AC2B9D49E" author="Lavoue" box="[669,913,712,738]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Lavoue, S., Arnegard, M. E., Sullivan, J. P. & Hopkins, C. D. (2008) Petrocephalus of Odzala offer insights into evolutionary patterns of signal diversification in the Mormyridae, a family of weakly electrogenic fishes from Africa. Journal of Physiology - Paris, 102, 322 - 339." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Lavoué
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F702CB469BB28A58AC217D49D" box="[768,831,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This waveform feature is consistent with current from the stalks of the posterior electrocyte face (and possibly early current during the beginning of posterior face firing itself) slightly preceding anterior face firing. Despite the waveform inversion, histological examination of electrocytes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D8FCE702CB469BA23A47AC391D52D" box="[523,697,824,849]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulsivertens" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F702CB469BA23A47AC391D52D" box="[523,697,824,849]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">P. pulsivertens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27A9524702CB469BAEAA475C22ED52D" box="[706,774,823,849]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F702CB469BAEAA475C22ED52D" bold="true" box="[706,774,823,849]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
reveals them to be
|
||
<typeStatus id="54864AEF702CB469BBDAA47AC50ED52E" box="[1010,1062,824,850]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">type</typeStatus>
|
||
"NPp," the character state also shared by all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D8FCE702CB469B9A4A41FC368D50A" box="[396,576,861,886]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F702CB469B9A4A41FC368D50A" box="[396,576,861,886]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Petrocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species investigated to date. We suspect that part of the mechanism underlying the reversed ordering of major peaks in the EOD of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D8FCE702CB469BB54A4C0C50DD5E7" box="[892,1061,898,923]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulsivertens" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F702CB469BB54A4C0C50DD5E7" box="[892,1061,898,923]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">P. pulsivertens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27A9524702CB469BC05A4C0C547D5E0" box="[1069,1135,898,924]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F702CB469BC05A4C0C547D5E0" bold="true" box="[1069,1135,898,924]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
might involve changes in firing threshold for one or both electrocyte faces (as proposed in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC89BC702CB469BBE2A4EAC5EAD5BE" author="Lavoue" box="[970,1218,936,962]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Lavoue, S., Arnegard, M. E., Sullivan, J. P. & Hopkins, C. D. (2008) Petrocephalus of Odzala offer insights into evolutionary patterns of signal diversification in the Mormyridae, a family of weakly electrogenic fishes from Africa. Journal of Physiology - Paris, 102, 322 - 339." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Lavoué
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F702CB469BC07A4EAC547D5BD" box="[1071,1135,936,961]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This interesting example of waveform inversion in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D8FCE702CB469BA78A48FC22AD59A" box="[592,770,973,998]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F702CB469BA78A48FC22AD59A" box="[592,770,973,998]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Petrocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reminds us that careful attention must be paid to the geometry of electrodes during EOD recordings from unknown mormyrid faunas. Given its inverted-polarity appearance, the EOD of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D8FCE702CB469B994A35AC340D24D" box="[444,616,1048,1073]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulsivertens" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F702CB469B994A35AC340D24D" box="[444,616,1048,1073]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">P. pulsivertens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27A9524702CB469BA58A355C39CD24D" box="[624,692,1047,1073]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F702CB469BA58A355C39CD24D" bold="true" box="[624,692,1047,1073]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is immediately recognizable as distinct from those of all other congeners. Based on a threshold of 1.5% of peak-peak amplitude (and at ambient recording temperatures), the duration of the EOD of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D8FCE702CB469B99DA321C34AD200" box="[437,610,1123,1148]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulsivertens" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F702CB469B99DA321C34AD200" box="[437,610,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">P. pulsivertens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27A9524702CB469BA42A320C386D200" box="[618,686,1122,1148]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F702CB469BA42A320C386D200" bold="true" box="[618,686,1122,1148]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
ranges from 0.270 to 0.418 msec, falling in the range of many "typical"
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D8FCE702CB469B92DA3CAC085D2DD" box="[261,429,1160,1185]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F702CB469B92DA3CAC085D2DD" box="[261,429,1160,1185]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Petrocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
EODs. Statistics for waveform landmarks and other EOD measurements are provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC89BC702CB469B894A3EFC087D2BB" box="[188,431,1197,1223]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Lavoue, S., Arnegard, M. E., Sullivan, J. P. & Hopkins, C. D. (2008) Petrocephalus of Odzala offer insights into evolutionary patterns of signal diversification in the Mormyridae, a family of weakly electrogenic fishes from Africa. Journal of Physiology - Paris, 102, 322 - 339." type="journal article">
|
||
Lavoué
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F702CB469B933A3EFC07DD2BA" box="[283,341,1197,1222]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C327A7C6702CB469B8EEA390C3D0D34B" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B82F44D702CB469B8EEA390C3D0D34B" blockId="34.[151,1437,152,1335]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F702CB469B8EEA390C07BD290" bold="true" box="[198,339,1234,1260]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
From the Latin "
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F702CB469BA0AA391C345D290" box="[546,621,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">pulsus</emphasis>
|
||
," impulse, beating; and from "
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F702CB469BBF4A391C51ED290" box="[988,1078,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">vertere,</emphasis>
|
||
" to turn, exchange. The name describes the unusual EOD waveform of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D8FCE702CB469BA57A3BAC202D36D" box="[639,810,1272,1297]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulsivertens" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F702CB469BA57A3BAC202D36D" box="[639,810,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">P. pulsivertens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27A9524702CB469BB1AA3B5C25DD36D" box="[818,885,1271,1297]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F702CB469BB1AA3B5C25DD36D" bold="true" box="[818,885,1271,1297]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
The inverted appearance of this species’ EOD is unique among all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D8FCE702CB469B9ACA25FC304D34A" box="[388,556,1309,1334]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F702CB469B9ACA25FC304D34A" box="[388,556,1309,1334]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Petrocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
recorded to date.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |