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<document id="D9E3B1EE09D57FBD1D2D3C8A6395D0F1" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3745.2.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c32092a5-be17-4b13-8c8b-a7b1e7b334a8" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="248699" ID-ZooBank="D87FBB64-5DE2-4D19-9338-6E9BE212FAEF" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460705316790" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Alvim, Juliana &amp; Pimenta, Alexandre Dias" docDate="2013" docId="0387C073FFB9630BFF220B05B0135D2E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03745p198.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3745 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Rostanga byga" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="179" masterDocId="FFBEB80BFFA16310FFB50D29B2615E19" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic review of the family Discodorididae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) from Brazil, with descriptions of two new species" masterLastPageNumber="198" masterPageNumber="152" pageNumber="176" updateTime="1698356988944" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="14D17C21DFB685BCAEF9BA3EDEDE4F4C">Taxonomic review of the family Discodorididae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) from Brazil, with descriptions of two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="152A6DCC207EB877133F0877EB3C9272">Alvim, Juliana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BD4417A946D3037DA5E338A2857A798C">Pimenta, Alexandre Dias</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="2F0B25C96C12FDC530BA3610301BD374">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="586AC2A2CB04A3996D879CF417853E3B">2013</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="5256DEC0A4B8FC98291DC32220FC2C5A" type="volume">
<mods:number id="4E578C6ABFF61D81D5AD3353B76E8E66">3745</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="0962C3E4095ABC07877DF8BF092AC4A0" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3745.2.2</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="AE30F5B66BAE18BD0F75133A1F4EF091" type="GBIF-Dataset">c32092a5-be17-4b13-8c8b-a7b1e7b334a8</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0387C073FFB9630BFF220B05B0135D2E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6146304" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119584021" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6146304" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0387C073FFB9630BFF220B05B0135D2E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0387C073FFB9630BFF220B05B0135D2E" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="179" pageId="24" pageNumber="176">
<subSubSection id="C33422EEFFB96308FF220B05B06558F3" pageId="24" pageNumber="176" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B917165FFB96308FF220B05B052585F" blockId="24.[151,563,1580,1639]" box="[151,563,1580,1606]" pageId="24" pageNumber="176">
<heading id="D0D9C609FFB96308FF220B05B052585F" bold="true" box="[151,563,1580,1606]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="176" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFB96308FF220B05B052585F" bold="true" box="[151,563,1580,1606]" pageId="24" pageNumber="176">
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFB96308FF220B05B328585F" ID-CoL="4TFH7" box="[151,329,1580,1606]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Rostanga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="24" pageNumber="176" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="byga">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFB96308FF220B05B328585F" bold="true" box="[151,329,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="176">Rostanga byga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Er. Marcus, 1958a
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B917165FFB96308FF220B67B33F587E" blockId="24.[151,563,1580,1639]" box="[151,350,1614,1639]" pageId="24" pageNumber="176">
(
<figureCitation id="13156DE0FFB96308FF2A0B67B288587E" box="[159,233,1614,1639]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1844,1866]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,215,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,215,1803]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Living specimens; A, Thordisa diuda (MNRJ 13195, 9 mm), photo: V. Padula; B, Hoplodoris hansrosaorum (MNRJ 12924, 22 mm); C, Geitodoris pusae (MNRJ 11712, 12 mm); D, Discodoris branneri (MNRJ 14922, 87 mm); E, Discodoris hummelincki (MNRJ 13997, 32 mm); F, Diaulula greeleyi (MNRJ 14974, 10 mm); G, Rostanga byga (MNRJ 12371, 5 mm); H, Jorunna spazzola (MNRJ 13196, 5 mm), photo: V. Padula." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248700/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="176">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
G; 15–16)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B917165FFB96308FF220BB1B06558F3" blockId="24.[151,1436,1686,1770]" pageId="24" pageNumber="176">
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFB96308FF220BB1B34F58B5" box="[151,302,1686,1709]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Rostanga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="24" pageNumber="176" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="byga">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFB96308FF220BB1B34F58B5" box="[151,302,1686,1709]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="176">Rostanga byga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Er. Marcus, 1958a: 22, figs. 34–36; Ev. Marcus (1971: 943); Rudman &amp; Avern (1989: 329); Muniaín &amp; Valdés (2000: 1–10, figs. 3B; 4A–C; 5; 6A–E, tbl.1); Valdés
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFB96308FD490B9FB14D58D2" box="[764,812,1717,1739]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="176">et al</emphasis>
. (2006: 182); Schrödl &amp; Grau (2006: 8); Rios (2009: 427); Padula
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFB96308FEA70BFCB32458F3" box="[274,325,1748,1770]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="176">et al.</emphasis>
(2012: 3, fig. 6H).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33422EEFFB96309FF220A3FB2815EE1" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="177" pageId="24" pageNumber="176" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B917165FFB96308FF220A3FB6695936" blockId="24.[151,1437,1814,2019]" box="[151,1032,1814,1839]" pageId="24" pageNumber="176">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFB96308FF220A3FB3245936" bold="true" box="[151,325,1814,1839]" pageId="24" pageNumber="176">
<typeStatus id="5495CFC7FFB96308FF220A3FB2B35936" box="[151,210,1814,1839]" pageId="24" pageNumber="176">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="5495CFC7FFB96308FEF90A3FB3D55936" box="[332,436,1814,1839]" pageId="24" pageNumber="176" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
AMNH 3507,
<date id="FF9057A5FFB96308FDE80A3EB0B35936" box="[605,722,1814,1839]" pageId="24" pageNumber="176" value="1956-05">May 1956</date>
, 11.0 mm preserved length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B917165FFB96308FF720A13B10E594A" blockId="24.[151,1437,1814,2019]" box="[199,879,1850,1875]" pageId="24" pageNumber="176">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFB96308FF720A13B304594A" bold="true" box="[199,357,1850,1875]" pageId="24" pageNumber="176">
<typeStatus id="5495CFC7FFB96308FF720A13B363594A" box="[199,258,1850,1875]" pageId="24" pageNumber="176">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F33931F5FFB96308FED90A13B3F9594A" box="[364,408,1850,1875]" name="Iceland" pageId="24" pageNumber="176">Ilha</collectingCountry>
de São Sebastião, São Paulo state,
<collectingCountry id="F33931F5FFB96308FC960A13B10A594A" box="[803,875,1850,1875]" name="Brazil" pageId="24" pageNumber="176">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B917165FFB96308FF720A77B7FC59A6" blockId="24.[151,1437,1814,2019]" pageId="24" pageNumber="176">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFB96308FF720A77B3D5596E" bold="true" box="[199,436,1886,1911]" pageId="24" pageNumber="176">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F33931F5FFB96308FE0A0A77B069596E" box="[447,520,1886,1911]" name="Brazil" pageId="24" pageNumber="176">Brazil</collectingCountry>
: Rio de Janeiro state: Cabo Frio:
<collectingCountry id="F33931F5FFB96308FC220A77B1A2596E" box="[919,963,1886,1911]" name="Iceland" pageId="24" pageNumber="176">Ilha</collectingCountry>
comprida: MNRJ 13299,
<date id="FF9057A5FFB96308FB420A77B772596E" box="[1271,1299,1886,1911]" pageId="24" pageNumber="176" value="2008-03-29">29</date>
/iii/2008, V. Padula coll. [1; one dissected]; Arraial do Cabo: Praia do Forno: MNRJ 11765
<date id="FF9057A5FFB96308FBAF0AABB6FF5982" box="[1050,1182,1922,1947]" pageId="24" pageNumber="176" value="2007-07-14">14/vii/2007</date>
, J. Alvim coll. [1; one dissected]; MNRJ 12371,
<date id="FF9057A5FFB96308FE0C0A8FB3B559A6" box="[441,468,1958,1983]" pageId="24" pageNumber="176" value="2007-04-23">23</date>
/iv/2007, J. Alvim coll. [1]; MNRJ12805,
<date id="FF9057A5FFB96308FC1F0A8FB1A559A6" box="[938,964,1958,1983]" pageId="24" pageNumber="176" value="2008-05-16">16</date>
/v/2008, V. Padula coll. [3; one dissected].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B917165FFB96309FF720AE3B2815EE1" blockId="24.[151,1437,1814,2019]" lastBlockId="25.[151,1436,151,573]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="177" pageId="24" pageNumber="176">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFB96308FF720AE3B06959FA" bold="true" box="[199,520,1994,2019]" pageId="24" pageNumber="176">Geographical distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F33931F5FFB96308FDA70AE3B01D59FA" box="[530,636,1994,2019]" name="Bermuda" pageId="24" pageNumber="176">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33931F5FFB96308FD3F0AE3B09259FA" box="[650,755,1994,2019]" name="Bahamas" pageId="24" pageNumber="176">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33931F5FFB96308FCB70AE3B13B59FA" box="[770,858,1994,2019]" name="Mexico" pageId="24" pageNumber="176">Mexico</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33931F5FFB96308FCDC0AE2B1B359FA" box="[873,978,1994,2019]" name="Saint Lucia" pageId="24" pageNumber="176">St. Lucia</collectingCountry>
(Valdés
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFB96308FB8F0AE5B60E59FA" box="[1082,1135,1994,2019]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="176">et al</emphasis>
. 2006);
<collectingCountry id="F33931F5FFB96308FB610AE3B77C59FA" box="[1236,1309,1994,2019]" name="Brazil" pageId="24" pageNumber="176">Brazil</collectingCountry>
: Maranhão state (Ev. Marcus, 1971); Alagoas state: Saco da Pedra (Padula
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFB86309FC350DB0B1DA5EA9" box="[896,955,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="177">et al.</emphasis>
, 2012); (Rio de Janeiro state: Cabo Frio, Arraial do Cabo (present study); São Paulo state: Ilhabela (Er. Marcus, 1958a);
<collectingCountry id="F33931F5FFB86309FB8A0D95B6CF5ECC" box="[1087,1198,188,213]" name="Argentina" pageId="25" pageNumber="177">Argentina</collectingCountry>
(Muniaín &amp; Valdés, 2000).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33422EEFFB8630AFF720C2DB01C5B98" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="178" pageId="25" pageNumber="177" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B917165FFB86309FF720C2DB1575C24" blockId="25.[151,1436,151,573]" pageId="25" pageNumber="177">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFB86309FF720C2DB0075F04" bold="true" box="[199,614,260,285]" pageId="25" pageNumber="177">Description. External morphology</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13156DE0FFB86309FDCD0C2DB0825F05" box="[632,739,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1844,1866]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,215,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,215,1803]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Living specimens; A, Thordisa diuda (MNRJ 13195, 9 mm), photo: V. Padula; B, Hoplodoris hansrosaorum (MNRJ 12924, 22 mm); C, Geitodoris pusae (MNRJ 11712, 12 mm); D, Discodoris branneri (MNRJ 14922, 87 mm); E, Discodoris hummelincki (MNRJ 13997, 32 mm); F, Diaulula greeleyi (MNRJ 14974, 10 mm); G, Rostanga byga (MNRJ 12371, 5 mm); H, Jorunna spazzola (MNRJ 13196, 5 mm), photo: V. Padula." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248700/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="177">Figures 1</figureCitation>
G; 15E–F): body oval, dorsally convex, up to 7.0 mm long alive. Mantle densely covered by caryophyllia approximately of same size and equidistants; with 3–7 spicules that protrude around tubercle; tubercle apex with a ciliary tuft elongated and oval. Rhinophoral and branchial sheaths densely covered by caryophyllidia. Low and wide rhinophores with nine vertical perfoliations, like a rosette with a terminal lobe toward inside of body. Gill with five-six simple branchial leaves, which form a closed circle around high anal cone. Foot narrower than mantle; anteriorly, bilabiated and notched on upper “lip”. Rectangular oral tentacles. Color of living specimens predominantly reddish (brick red), including rhinophores, gill and foot; some specimens present a white longitudinal line on middle of dorsum; in almost all specimens were observed white spots (glands) on edge of mantle approximately equidistant.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5121EDFFB86309FF220AB7B1B659CA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248714/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="177" targetBox="[151,1436,643,1911]" targetPageId="25">
<paragraph id="8B917165FFB86309FF220AB7B1B659CA" blockId="25.[151,1436,1950,2003]" pageId="25" pageNumber="177">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFB86309FF220AB7B37859AA" bold="true" box="[151,281,1950,1972]" pageId="25" pageNumber="177">FIGURE 15</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFB86309FE920AB6B3DE59AD" box="[295,447,1950,1972]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Rostanga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="25" pageNumber="177" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="byga">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFB86309FE920AB6B3DE59AD" box="[295,447,1950,1972]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="177">Rostanga byga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, SEM photographs; A, detail of the labial cuticle; B, innermost lateral tooth; C, midlateral teeth; D, marginal teeth; E–F, caryophyllidia. A–D (MNRJ 12805); E–F (MNRJ 11765).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5121EDFFBB630AFF220FF8B31B5D5A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248715/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="178" targetBox="[191,1398,194,697]" targetPageId="26">
<paragraph id="8B917165FFBB630AFF220FF8B31B5D5A" blockId="26.[151,1436,721,835]" pageId="26" pageNumber="178">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFBB630AFF220FF8B3785CFF" bold="true" box="[151,281,721,743]" pageId="26" pageNumber="178">FIGURE 16</emphasis>
. A, general view of reproductive system of
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFBB630AFD620FFBB10F5CFE" box="[727,878,721,743]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Rostanga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="26" pageNumber="178" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="byga">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFBB630AFD620FFBB10F5CFE" box="[727,878,721,743]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="178">Rostanga byga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MNRJ 13299); B, two specimens (not collected) with egg mass from Ilha do Papagaio, RJ, Brazil, the egg mass is indicated by white arrow; photo: Luiz Fernando Cassino. Abbreviations: am, ampulla; bc, bursa copulatrix; dd, deferent duct; f, female glands; go, gonopore; pr, prostate; s, seminal receptacle; va, vagina.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B917165FFBB630AFF720E59B36F5A25" blockId="26.[151,1437,880,2021]" pageId="26" pageNumber="178">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFBB630AFF720E59B0665D90" bold="true" box="[199,519,880,905]" pageId="26" pageNumber="178">Labial cuticle and radula</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13156DE0FFBB630AFDA80E59B0FA5D90" box="[541,667,880,905]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,643,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,643,1913]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 15. Rostanga byga, SEM photographs; A, detail of the labial cuticle; B, innermost lateral tooth; C, midlateral teeth; D, marginal teeth; E – F, caryophyllidia. A – D (MNRJ 12805); E – F (MNRJ 11765)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248714/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="178">Figures 15</figureCitation>
A–D): Labial cuticle formed by a smooth cuticle with elements concentrated in two areas on median portion of plates; elements are arranged in about eight rows with about 23 well-marked elements of varying sizes and, in distal rows decreasing in number and size. Radula formula
<date id="FF9057A5FFBB630AFADD0E91B7FD5DC9" box="[1384,1436,952,976]" pageId="26" pageNumber="178" value="1929-10">29 x</date>
24.0.
<quantity id="4CD6DC80FFBB630AFF7B0EF4B36A5DEC" box="[206,267,988,1013]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.096" pageId="26" pageNumber="178" unit="in" value="24.0">24 in</quantity>
preserved specimen of 2.0 mm in length; innermost lateral teeth with enlarged base and cusp curved towards to base of tooth with denticles; marginal teeth elongated, slender, with finger-like projections on their distal part.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B917165FFBB630AFF720961B01C5B98" blockId="26.[151,1437,880,2021]" pageId="26" pageNumber="178">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFBB630AFF720961B3A45A78" bold="true" box="[199,453,1096,1121]" pageId="26" pageNumber="178">Reproductive system</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13156DE0FFBB630AFE6D0961B02F5A78" box="[472,590,1096,1121]" captionStart="FIGURE 16. A" captionStartId="26.[151,250,721,743]" captionTargetBox="[191,1398,194,697]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[188,1400,193,700]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 16. A, general view of reproductive system of Rostanga byga (MNRJ 13299); B, two specimens (not collected) with egg mass from Ilha do Papagaio, RJ, Brazil, the egg mass is indicated by white arrow; photo: Luiz Fernando Cassino. Abbreviations: am, ampulla; bc, bursa copulatrix; dd, deferent duct; f, female glands; go, gonopore; pr, prostate; s, seminal receptacle; va, vagina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248715/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="178">Figure 16</figureCitation>
): hermaphrodite duct connected to long and slightly convolute ampulla. Postampullary gonoduct short, that connects to oviduct and prostate. Prostate granular, divided into two parts; longer and less dense part proximal, and smaller and denser distal part; in juveniles prostate completely covers bursa copulatrix. Vas deferent elongate and not covoluted, that emerges from a common atrium with vagina. Vagina elongate, approximately of same width as deferent duct, opening into rounded bursa copulatrix. Bursa serially arranged, vaginal duct not convoluted and connecting to rounded seminal receptacle; very short uterine duct inserting, almost immediately, into female gland mass. In juveniles specimens, bursa copulatrix approximately of same size as seminal receptacle, while in sexually mature specimens bursa copulatrix three-four times larger in volume and length than seminal receptacle.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33422EEFFBB630AFF7208A5B3B95BD0" pageId="26" pageNumber="178" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B917165FFBB630AFF7208A5B3B95BD0" blockId="26.[151,1437,880,2021]" pageId="26" pageNumber="178">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFBB630AFF7208A5B3465BBC" bold="true" box="[199,295,1420,1445]" pageId="26" pageNumber="178">Biology.</emphasis>
Egg mass composed by 2–3 rows, with red large eggs and a translucent material surrounding eggs individually in each capsule.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33422EEFFBB630BFF7208FDB0135D2E" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="179" pageId="26" pageNumber="178" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B917165FFBB630AFF7208FDB6CA58DC" blockId="26.[151,1437,880,2021]" pageId="26" pageNumber="178">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFBB630AFF7208FDB35A5BF4" bold="true" box="[199,315,1492,1517]" pageId="26" pageNumber="178">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFBB630AFEF708FCB38B5BF4" box="[322,490,1492,1517]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Rostanga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="26" pageNumber="178" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="byga">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFBB630AFEF708FCB38B5BF4" box="[322,490,1492,1517]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="178">Rostanga byga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Er. Marcus, 1958a was described from
<collectingCountry id="F33931F5FFBB630AFC1D08FDB18C5BF4" box="[936,1005,1492,1517]" name="Brazil" pageId="26" pageNumber="178">Brazil</collectingCountry>
and recorded three times (each record is based on one specimen) (Er. Marcus, 1958a; Ev. Marcus,1971; Padula
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFBB630AFC6408D0B66B5808" box="[977,1034,1528,1553]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="178">et al.</emphasis>
, 2012). Subsequently, Muniaín and Valdés (2000) re-described the species based on the
<typeStatus id="5495CFC7FFBB630AFD4E0B35B13C582C" box="[763,861,1564,1589]" pageId="26" pageNumber="178" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and additional material from
<collectingCountry id="F33931F5FFBB630AFB090B35B74F582C" box="[1212,1326,1564,1589]" name="Argentina" pageId="26" pageNumber="178">Argentina</collectingCountry>
, but they could not analyze the reproductive system and radula of the
<typeStatus id="5495CFC7FFBB630AFCD40B69B1A65840" box="[865,967,1600,1625]" pageId="26" pageNumber="178" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. They compared it to the highly similar
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFBB630AFF220B4CB0215864" authority="MacFarland, 1905" authorityName="MacFarland" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,576,1636,1661]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Rostanga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="26" pageNumber="178" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pulchra">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFBB630AFF220B4CB3035864" box="[151,354,1636,1661]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="178">Rostanga pulchra</emphasis>
MacFarland, 1905
</taxonomicName>
. However, after analyzing specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFBB630AFBAD0B4CB6115864" box="[1048,1136,1636,1661]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Rostanga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="26" pageNumber="178" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="byga">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFBB630AFBAD0B4CB6115864" box="[1048,1136,1636,1661]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="178">R. byga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, we now question certain characteristics used by Muniaín and Valdés (2000) to separate these two species. Schrödl and Grau (2006), who analyzed Chilean specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFBB630AFE4C0B84B00E58DC" box="[505,623,1708,1733]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Rostanga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="26" pageNumber="178" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pulchra">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFBB630AFE4C0B84B00E58DC" box="[505,623,1708,1733]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="178">R. pulchra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, already had challenged some of these differences.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B917165FFBB630AFF720BF9B0E359FC" blockId="26.[151,1437,880,2021]" pageId="26" pageNumber="178">
One of the distinguishing characteristics listed by Munían and Valdés (2000) is the presence or absence of white points that form a midline on the dorsum. This feature is not consistent—we identified specimens lacking white spots on the dorsum or with very faint white spots, probably due to the small size of the specimens. In some cases, there seem to be dark spots on the back, which was reported to be a characteristic of
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFBB630AFB2C0A14B3545961" authority="Muniain &amp; Valdes, 2000" authorityName="Muniain &amp; Valdes" authorityYear="2000" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Rostanga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="26" pageNumber="178" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pulchra">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFBB630AFB2C0A14B76E594C" box="[1177,1295,1852,1877]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="178">R. pulchra</emphasis>
(Muniaín &amp; Valdés, 2000)
</taxonomicName>
. Additionally, Muniaín and Valdés (2000) compared the number of perfoliations of the rhinophores between these two species and have concluded that
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFBB630AFD5C0AACB1005984" box="[745,865,1924,1949]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Rostanga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="26" pageNumber="178" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pulchra">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFBB630AFD5C0AACB1005984" box="[745,865,1924,1949]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="178">R. pulchra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has between nine and 12 perfoliation, whereas
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFBB630AFA310AACB2AC59D8" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Rostanga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="26" pageNumber="178" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="byga">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFBB630AFA310AACB2AC59D8" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="178">R. byga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has 12 to 16 perfoliations. However, in the
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFBB630AFD080A80B17259D8" box="[701,787,1960,1985]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Rostanga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="26" pageNumber="178" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="byga">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFBB630AFD080A80B17259D8" box="[701,787,1960,1985]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="178">R. byga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens analyzed in this study, nine perfoliations were found, hence this is not a consistent feature.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B917165FFBA630BFF720DBEB73D5FB4" blockId="27.[151,1436,151,824]" pageId="27" pageNumber="179">
The differences concerning the radula are also questionable. Muniaín and Valdés (2000) considered that the cusp of the innermost lateral tooth is smaller and with more denticles in
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFBA630BFC7C0D94B6215ECC" box="[969,1088,188,213]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Rostanga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="27" pageNumber="179" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pulchra">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFBA630BFC7C0D94B6215ECC" box="[969,1088,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="179">R. pulchra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than in
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFBA630BFB280D94B6925ECC" box="[1181,1267,188,213]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Rostanga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="27" pageNumber="179" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="byga">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFBA630BFB280D94B6925ECC" box="[1181,1267,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="179">R. byga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, our analysis of the micrographs presented in Schrödl and Grau (2006), Muniaín and Valdés (2000), and in the present study showed that the ranges of cusp lengths in
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFBA630BFD010C2CB14A5F04" box="[692,811,260,285]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Rostanga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="27" pageNumber="179" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pulchra">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFBA630BFD010C2CB14A5F04" box="[692,811,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="179">R. pulchra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFBA630BFCD60C2CB1DB5F04" box="[867,954,260,285]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Rostanga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="27" pageNumber="179" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="byga">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFBA630BFCD60C2CB1DB5F04" box="[867,954,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="179">R. byga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
overlap (9.1 µm to 14.5 µm in
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFBA630BFAA80C2CB7F55F04" box="[1309,1428,260,285]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Rostanga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="27" pageNumber="179" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pulchra">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFBA630BFAA80C2CB7F55F04" box="[1309,1428,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="179">R. pulchra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 6.6 µm to 17.7 µm in
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFBA630BFE3A0C00B3855F59" box="[399,484,295,320]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Rostanga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="27" pageNumber="179" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="byga">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFBA630BFE3A0C00B3855F59" box="[399,484,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="179">R. byga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Furthermore, in the specimens analyzed here, we observed that in the same radula there are significant differences in the length of the cusp of the innermost lateral tooth (ranges from 6.6 µm to 12.3 µm). We agree with Schrödl and Grau (2006) that it is difficult to visualize the number of denticles on the inner lateral tooth due to the position of the tooth in the radula. Thus, we will not estimate the number of denticles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B917165FFBA630BFF720C9EB0005CB1" blockId="27.[151,1436,151,824]" pageId="27" pageNumber="179">
Muniaín and Valdés (2000) described
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFBA630BFD210C90B1735FC9" box="[660,786,439,464]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Rostanga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="27" pageNumber="179" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pulchra">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFBA630BFD210C90B1735FC9" box="[660,786,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="179">R. pulchra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as presenting a labial cuticle with regularly disposed elements, whereas
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFBA630BFED80CF4B3A55FEC" box="[365,452,476,501]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Rostanga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="27" pageNumber="179" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="byga">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFBA630BFED80CF4B3A55FEC" box="[365,452,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="179">R. byga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
presents a reduced labial cuticle with irregularly disposed elements. However, they do not provide an explanation for the difference, since in both cases the elements are disposed in rows. Interpreting the illustration presented in Muniaín and Valdés (2000: 4, 9,
<figureCitation id="13156DE0FFBA630BFCAF0F0DB1095C25" box="[794,872,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A – B" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1816,1838]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1779]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1781]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. A – B, Jorunna spongiosa sp. nov. (MNRJ 13781, 14 mm); A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, Platydoris angustipes (MNRJ 13189, 46 mm), photo: V. Padula; D – F, morphotypes of Taringa telopia; D, (MNRJ 15033, 21 mm); E, (MNRJ 14924, 17 mm); F, (MNRJ 13184), photo: V. Padula; G – H, preserved specimen of Taringa iemanja sp. nov. (MNRJ 13180); E, dorsal view; F, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248701/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="179">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
E, 6E), we believe that the authors referred to size of the elements, in that uniformly sized elements correspond to
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFBA630BFCD10F60B1BA5C79" box="[868,987,583,608]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Rostanga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="27" pageNumber="179" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pulchra">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFBA630BFCD10F60B1BA5C79" box="[868,987,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="179">R. pulchra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and those with different-sized elements are
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFBA630BFF750F44B3745C9C" box="[192,277,620,645]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Rostanga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="27" pageNumber="179" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="byga">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFBA630BFF750F44B3745C9C" box="[192,277,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="179">R. byga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Based on this assumption, the specimens collected on the coast of Rio de Janeiro state are closer to the description given for
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFBA630BFE320FB8B3BC5CB1" box="[391,477,655,680]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Rostanga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="27" pageNumber="179" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="byga">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFBA630BFE320FB8B3BC5CB1" box="[391,477,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="179">R. byga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13156DE0FFBA630BFE590FA6B05D5CB1" box="[492,572,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,643,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,643,1913]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 15. Rostanga byga, SEM photographs; A, detail of the labial cuticle; B, innermost lateral tooth; C, midlateral teeth; D, marginal teeth; E – F, caryophyllidia. A – D (MNRJ 12805); E – F (MNRJ 11765)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248714/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="179">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
A).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B917165FFBA630BFF720F9DB0135D2E" blockId="27.[151,1436,151,824]" pageId="27" pageNumber="179">
Our data corroborate the idea of Er. Marcus (1958a) and Schrödl and Grau (2006) that
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFBA630BFB2D0F9CB68F5CD4" box="[1176,1262,692,717]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Rostanga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="27" pageNumber="179" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="byga">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFBA630BFB2D0F9CB68F5CD4" box="[1176,1262,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="179">R. byga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFBA630BFA900F9CB7FD5CD4" box="[1317,1436,692,717]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Rostanga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="27" pageNumber="179" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pulchra">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFBA630BFA900F9CB7FD5CD4" box="[1317,1436,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="179">R. pulchra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are quite similar, and there is biogeographic evidence that assists the separation of the two species. Nonetheless, morphological studies of additional specimens of both species are needed to fully understand the intraspecific variation and differences between the two.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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