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<document id="CA1E121EA8379E8E9D157473A4D755DF" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3745.2.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c32092a5-be17-4b13-8c8b-a7b1e7b334a8" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="248699" ID-ZooBank="D87FBB64-5DE2-4D19-9338-6E9BE212FAEF" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460705316790" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Alvim, Juliana &amp; Pimenta, Alexandre Dias" docDate="2013" docId="0387C073FFAF6302FF220979B3755C79" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03745p198.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3745 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Discodoris branneri MacFarland 1909" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="170" masterDocId="FFBEB80BFFA16310FFB50D29B2615E19" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic review of the family Discodorididae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) from Brazil, with descriptions of two new species" masterLastPageNumber="198" masterPageNumber="152" pageNumber="166" updateTime="1698356988944" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="E3317BACD59BEF69079D706FA0ECC037">Taxonomic review of the family Discodorididae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) from Brazil, with descriptions of two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9E6679C51E807E3D2EEBDC0CB84CDA81">Alvim, Juliana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B7C46541AA2C7B49DDC43330AA592F94">Pimenta, Alexandre Dias</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D0593FE309DD35DC035704C7E5383A82">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="CF40C2276B85F6029B2CC5EFDCDF832A">2013</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="350B9591C6684267E9D6D271E661093B" type="volume">
<mods:number id="99FD1C5338525AC14EA293A8149204BE">3745</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="CB87AA4EAEF640B24B538B960912E23B" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3745.2.2</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0387C073FFAF6302FF220979B3755C79" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6146292" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119584005" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6146292" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0387C073FFAF6302FF220979B3755C79" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0387C073FFAF6302FF220979B3755C79" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="170" pageId="14" pageNumber="166">
<subSubSection id="C33422EEFFAF631EFF220979B6295AC9" pageId="14" pageNumber="166" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B917165FFAF631EFF220979B0175A73" blockId="14.[151,630,1104,1163]" box="[151,630,1104,1130]" pageId="14" pageNumber="166">
<heading id="D0D9C609FFAF631EFF220979B0175A73" bold="true" box="[151,630,1104,1130]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="166" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFAF631EFF220979B0175A73" ID-CoL="36THX" authority="MacFarland, 1909" authorityName="MacFarland" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,630,1104,1130]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Discodoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="14" pageNumber="166" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="branneri">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFAF631EFF220979B0175A73" bold="true" box="[151,630,1104,1130]" pageId="14" pageNumber="166">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFAF631EFF220979B3E85A73" bold="true" box="[151,393,1104,1130]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="166">Discodoris branneri</emphasis>
MacFarland, 1909
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B917165FFAF631EFF22095BB30C5A92" blockId="14.[151,630,1104,1163]" box="[151,365,1138,1163]" pageId="14" pageNumber="166">
(
<figureCitation id="13156DE0FFAF631EFF2B095BB3675A92" box="[158,262,1138,1163]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1844,1866]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,215,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,215,1803]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Living specimens; A, Thordisa diuda (MNRJ 13195, 9 mm), photo: V. Padula; B, Hoplodoris hansrosaorum (MNRJ 12924, 22 mm); C, Geitodoris pusae (MNRJ 11712, 12 mm); D, Discodoris branneri (MNRJ 14922, 87 mm); E, Discodoris hummelincki (MNRJ 13997, 32 mm); F, Diaulula greeleyi (MNRJ 14974, 10 mm); G, Rostanga byga (MNRJ 12371, 5 mm); H, Jorunna spazzola (MNRJ 13196, 5 mm), photo: V. Padula." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248700/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="166">Figures 1</figureCitation>
D; 9–10)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B917165FFAF631EFF220992B6295AC9" blockId="14.[151,1436,1210,1600]" box="[151,1096,1210,1232]" pageId="14" pageNumber="166">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFAF631EFF220992B3CD5AC9" box="[151,428,1210,1232]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="166">
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFAF631EFF220992B2B05AC9" box="[151,209,1211,1232]" class="Gastropoda" family="Dorididae" genus="Doris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="14" pageNumber="166" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Doris</taxonomicName>
(Dendrodoris
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFAF631EFED30992B3C55AC9" box="[358,420,1211,1232]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Peltodoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="14" pageNumber="166" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="crucis">crucis</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
Orsted
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFAF631EFE490992B0715AC9" box="[508,528,1211,1232]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="166">in</emphasis>
Mörch, 1863: 33 (partially; according to Dayrat, 2010).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33422EEFFAF631EFF2209F0B0945859" pageId="14" pageNumber="166" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B917165FFAF631EFF2209F0B0285B17" blockId="14.[151,1436,1210,1600]" pageId="14" pageNumber="166">
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFAF631EFF2209F0B0635AF6" authority="Bergh, 1877: 530" authorityName="Bergh" authorityPageNumber="530" authorityYear="1877" box="[151,514,1241,1263]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Discodoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="14" pageNumber="166" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="notha">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFAF631EFF2209F0B3265AF6" box="[151,327,1241,1263]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="166">Discodoris notha</emphasis>
Bergh, 1877: 530
</taxonomicName>
, plt. LXI–LXII, figs. 3–9; 29–30; Bergh (1884b: 92); Bergh (1904: 53, plt. IV, figs. 7–14) (partially; according to Dayrat, 2010).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B917165FFAF631EFF22083FB6AE5B35" blockId="14.[151,1436,1210,1600]" box="[151,1231,1302,1325]" pageId="14" pageNumber="166">
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFAF631EFF22083FB02F5B35" authority="MacFarland, 1909: 66" authorityName="MacFarland" authorityPageNumber="66" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,590,1302,1324]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Discodoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="14" pageNumber="166" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="branneri">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFAF631EFF22083FB3045B35" box="[151,357,1302,1324]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="166">Discodoris branneri</emphasis>
MacFarland, 1909: 66
</taxonomicName>
, plt. XII, figs. 58–65; Rios (2009: 426); Padula
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFAF631EFB860831B6075B35" box="[1075,1126,1302,1325]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="166">et al.</emphasis>
(2012: 6).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B917165FFAF631EFF22081CB0B55B52" blockId="14.[151,1436,1210,1600]" box="[151,724,1333,1355]" pageId="14" pageNumber="166">
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFAF631EFF22081CB0B15B52" authority="Perrone &amp; Duneddu (1997: 52)" authorityName="Perrone &amp; Duneddu" authorityPageNumber="52" authorityYear="1997" box="[151,720,1333,1355]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Carminodoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="14" pageNumber="166" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="branneri">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFAF631EFF22081CB3E55B52" box="[151,388,1333,1355]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="166">Carminodoris branneri</emphasis>
: Perrone &amp; Duneddu (1997: 52)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B917165FFAF631EFF22087DB6BA5BDF" blockId="14.[151,1436,1210,1600]" pageId="14" pageNumber="166">
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFAF631EFF22087DB3035B73" box="[151,354,1364,1386]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Discodoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="14" pageNumber="166" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="evelinae">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFAF631EFF22087DB3035B73" box="[151,354,1364,1386]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="166">Discodoris evelinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Er. Marcus, 1955: 143, figs. 141–150; Ev. Marcus &amp; Er. Marcus (1967a: 75); Ev. Marcus &amp; Er. Marcus (1969: 13); Ev. Marcus (1971: 944, fig. 43); Ev. Marcus (1972: 79); Ev. Marcus &amp; Hughes (1974: 520, fig. 41); Ev. Marcus (1976b: 139); Bertsch (1976: 117, figs. 1–7, tbl. 1–2); Humann (1992: 241); Redfern (2001: 175, fig. 726, plt. 119); Valdés
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFAF631EFF720898B29B5BDF" box="[199,250,1456,1478]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="166">et al.</emphasis>
(2006: 174) (in part); Debelius &amp; Kuiter (2007: 250); García
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFAF631EFCD90898B1F95BDF" box="[876,920,1456,1478]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="166">et al</emphasis>
. (2008: 137); Rios (2009: 426).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B917165FFAF631EFF2208E7B0BD581A" blockId="14.[151,1436,1210,1600]" pageId="14" pageNumber="166">
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFAF631EFF2208E7B3115BFD" box="[151,368,1486,1508]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Discodoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="14" pageNumber="166" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hedgpethi">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFAF631EFF2208E7B3115BFD" box="[151,368,1486,1508]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="166">Discodoris hedgpethi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ev. Marcus &amp; Er. Marcus (1960: 254, figs. 7–11); Ev. Marcus &amp; Er. Marcus (1967a: 75, figs. 98A– 98E); Er. Marcus &amp; Ev. Marcus (1971: 49, figs. 111– 114).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B917165FFAF631EFF220B25B1E6583B" blockId="14.[151,1436,1210,1600]" box="[151,903,1548,1570]" pageId="14" pageNumber="166">
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFAF631EFF220B25B301583B" box="[151,352,1548,1570]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Discodoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="14" pageNumber="166" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spetteda">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFAF631EFF220B25B301583B" box="[151,352,1548,1570]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="166">Discodoris spetteda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ev. Marcus &amp; Er. Marcus (1966: 181)
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFAF631EFD580B24B1E6583B" box="[749,903,1548,1570]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="166">Nomen nudum.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B917165FFAF631EFF220B02B0945859" blockId="14.[151,1436,1210,1600]" box="[151,757,1578,1600]" pageId="14" pageNumber="166">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFAF631EFF220B02B3E65859" box="[151,391,1578,1600]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="166">
“
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFAF631EFF2B0B02B3E15859" authority="Dayrat" authorityName="Dayrat" box="[158,384,1578,1600]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Montereina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="14" pageNumber="166" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="branneri">Montereina branneri</taxonomicName>
”
</emphasis>
: Dayrat (2010: 234, figs. 241–257).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33422EEFFAF631FFF220B44B1165C01" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="167" pageId="14" pageNumber="166" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B917165FFAF631EFF220B44B765589F" blockId="14.[151,1436,1645,2030]" box="[151,1284,1645,1670]" pageId="14" pageNumber="166">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFAF631EFF220B44B324589F" bold="true" box="[151,325,1645,1670]" pageId="14" pageNumber="166">
<typeStatus id="5495CFC7FFAF631EFF220B44B2B3589F" box="[151,210,1645,1670]" pageId="14" pageNumber="166">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="5495CFC7FFAF631EFEF90B44B3D8589F" box="[332,441,1645,1670]" pageId="14" pageNumber="166" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: ZMA CASIZ 0 20019, 1899, 32.0 mm preserved length, A.W. Greeley leg.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B917165FFAF631EFF720BB8B09458B3" blockId="14.[151,1436,1645,2030]" box="[199,757,1681,1706]" pageId="14" pageNumber="166">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFAF631EFF720BB8B30458B3" bold="true" box="[199,357,1681,1706]" pageId="14" pageNumber="166">
<typeStatus id="5495CFC7FFAF631EFF720BB8B36358B3" box="[199,258,1681,1706]" pageId="14" pageNumber="166">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
Riacho doce, Alagoas state,
<collectingCountry id="F33931F5FFAF631EFD1C0BB8B09058B3" box="[681,753,1681,1706]" name="Brazil" pageId="14" pageNumber="166">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B917165FFAF631FFF720B9CB39E5EE1" blockId="14.[151,1436,1645,2030]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1437,151,2033]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="167" pageId="14" pageNumber="166">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFAF631EFF720B9CB3D058D7" bold="true" box="[199,433,1717,1742]" pageId="14" pageNumber="166">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F33931F5FFAF631EFE0C0B9CB04658D7" box="[441,551,1717,1742]" name="Barbados" pageId="14" pageNumber="166">Barbados</collectingCountry>
: MZSP 37949;
<collectingCountry id="F33931F5FFAF631EFD6E0B9CB14558D7" box="[731,804,1717,1742]" name="Brazil" pageId="14" pageNumber="166">Brazil</collectingCountry>
: Alagoas state: Recife do Francês: MNRJ 12931,
<date id="FF9057A5FFAF631EFAEE0B9CB71758D7" box="[1371,1398,1717,1742]" pageId="14" pageNumber="166" value="2007-11-23">23</date>
/xi/ 2007 [1]; Saco da Pedra: MNRJ 12942,
<date id="FF9057A5FFAF631EFDE30BF0B00F58EB" box="[598,622,1753,1778]" pageId="14" pageNumber="166" value="2008-01-11">11</date>
/i/2008, colls. J. Bahia &amp; V. Padula [4; two dissected]; MNRJ 13102,
<date id="FF9057A5FFAF631EFACD0BF3B7F258EB" box="[1400,1427,1754,1778]" pageId="14" pageNumber="166" value="2008-01-08">08</date>
/ i/2008, coll. Anderson [1]; MNRJ 13103,
<date id="FF9057A5FFAF631EFDC60BD4B0EE590F" box="[627,655,1789,1814]" pageId="14" pageNumber="166" value="2006-10-22">22</date>
/x/2006, coll. M. Dorigo [1]; MNRJ 13173,
<date id="FF9057A5FFAF631EFB310BD4B6FD590F" box="[1156,1180,1789,1814]" pageId="14" pageNumber="166" value="2008-01-11">11</date>
/i/2008, colls. J. Bahia &amp; V. Padula [1]; Riacho Doce: MNRJ 13174,
<date id="FF9057A5FFAF631EFD280A08B0D75923" box="[669,694,1825,1850]" pageId="14" pageNumber="166" value="2006-01-31">31</date>
/i/2006 [1, one dissected]; Piscina dos Amores: MNRJ 12930,
<date id="FF9057A5FFAF631EFACD0A0BB7F25923" box="[1400,1427,1826,1850]" pageId="14" pageNumber="166" value="2007-04-02">02</date>
/ iv/2007 [1]; Ponta Verde: MNRJ 13175,
<date id="FF9057A5FFAF631EFDCE0A6CB0F55947" box="[635,660,1861,1886]" pageId="14" pageNumber="166" value="1992-03-18">18</date>
/iii/1992 [1]; Bahia state,
<collectingCountry id="F33931F5FFAF631EFC7D0A6CB6515947" box="[968,1072,1861,1886]" name="El Salvador" pageId="14" pageNumber="166">Salvador</collectingCountry>
: HSL MNRJ 7422 [1]; Rio de Janeiro state: Búzios, Praia da Tartaruga: MNRJ 15001,
<date id="FF9057A5FFAF631EFC960A40B15E599B" box="[803,831,1897,1922]" pageId="14" pageNumber="166" value="2009-06-09">09</date>
/vi/2009, coll. T. Belmonte [1]; MNRJ 14934,
<date id="FF9057A5FFAF631EFAEE0A40B717599B" box="[1371,1398,1897,1922]" pageId="14" pageNumber="166" value="2009-11-25">25</date>
/xi/ 2009, coll. J. Alvim [1; one dissected]; Cabo Frio, Canal de Itajurú: MNRJ 10662,
<date id="FF9057A5FFAF631EFBF90AA4B6C459BF" box="[1100,1189,1933,1958]" bridgedPair="/" pageId="14" pageNumber="166" value="1980-09">ix/1980</date>
, coll. L. R. Tostes [1; one dissected]; MNRJ 13199,
<date id="FF9057A5FFAF631EFE4C0A9BB07259D3" box="[505,531,1970,1994]" pageId="14" pageNumber="166" value="2008-05-18">18</date>
/v/2008, coll. V. Padula [1; one dissected]; MNRJ 14922,
<date id="FF9057A5FFAF631EFB090A98B6B959D3" box="[1212,1240,1969,1994]" pageId="14" pageNumber="166" value="2009-07-22">22</date>
/vii/2009, coll. J. Alvim [2]; Arraial do Cabo, Prainha: MNRJ 13172,
<date id="FF9057A5FFAF631EFD440AFCB12259F7" box="[753,835,2005,2030]" bridgedPair="/" pageId="14" pageNumber="166" value="1984-02">ii/1984</date>
, colls. G.W. Nunan &amp; M. R. Sá [1]; Praia do Forno: MNRJ 10669,
<date id="FF9057A5FFAE631FFE8A0DBEB3F05EA9" box="[319,401,151,176]" bridgedPair="/" pageId="15" pageNumber="167" value="1983-02">ii/1983</date>
, coll. G. Nunan [2]; São Paulo state: Ilhabela: MZSP 41639 [1] and MZSP 41803[2],
<date id="FF9057A5FFAE631FFAD70DB1B2B35ECD" pageId="15" pageNumber="167" value="2004-05-07">07/v/ 2004</date>
, colls. L.R.Simone, C. M.
<collectingCountry id="F33931F5FFAE631FFDB00D95B0305ECC" box="[517,593,188,213]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">Cunha</collectingCountry>
, Gonçalves &amp; Rosier; MZSP 41801,
<date id="FF9057A5FFAE631FFC480D95B6785ECC" box="[1021,1049,188,213]" pageId="15" pageNumber="167" value="2004-05-06">06</date>
/v/2004, colls. L.R.Simone, C. M.
<collectingCountry id="F33931F5FFAE631FFF220DF6B2825EE1" box="[151,227,223,248]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">Cunha</collectingCountry>
, Gonçalves &amp; Rosier [2].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B917165FFAE631FFF720C2DB1165C01" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,2033]" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFAE631FFF720C2DB0685F04" bold="true" box="[199,521,260,285]" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">Geographical distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F33931F5FFAE631FFDA10C2DB0055F05" box="[532,612,260,284]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
: Florida, Palm Beach (Ev. Marcus &amp; Er. Marcus, 1967a); Texas, Port Arkansas (Ev. Marcus &amp; Er. Marcus, 1960);
<collectingCountry id="F33931F5FFAE631FFD7D0C0EB1505F59" box="[712,817,295,320]" name="Bahamas" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33931F5FFAE631FFCF00C01B6605F59" box="[837,1025,295,320]" name="Cayman Islands" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">Cayman Islands</collectingCountry>
(according to Dayrat (2010) this distribution is still uncertain),
<collectingCountry id="F33931F5FFAE631FFE450C65B0015F7C" box="[496,608,332,357]" name="Honduras" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">Honduras</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33931F5FFAE631FFDD90C65B0A85F7C" box="[620,713,332,357]" name="Jamaica" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33931F5FFAE631FFD630C64B13E5F7C" box="[726,863,332,357]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33931F5FFAE631FFCD90C65B1B85F7C" box="[876,985,332,357]" name="Barbados" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">Barbados</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33931F5FFAE631FFC530C65B6115F7C" box="[998,1136,332,357]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">Guadeloupe</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33931F5FFAE631FFBC90C65B69A5F7C" box="[1148,1275,332,357]" name="Martinique" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">Martinique</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33931F5FFAE631FFABD0C65B7135F7C" box="[1288,1394,332,357]" name="Saint Lucia" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">St. Lucia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33931F5FFAE631FFACB0C65B3B25F91" name="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">St. Vincent and the Grenadines</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33931F5FFAE631FFE6B0C59B03D5F91" box="[478,604,367,392]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33931F5FFAE631FFDDD0C59B0A55F9E" box="[616,708,368,391]" name="Panama" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">Panama</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33931F5FFAE631FFD650C46B1205F91" box="[720,833,367,392]" name="Colombia" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, Santa
<collectingCountry id="F33931F5FFAE631FFC210C59B1BB5F9E" box="[916,986,368,391]" name="Malta" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">Marta</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33931F5FFAE631FFC500C46B6395F91" box="[997,1112,367,392]" name="Venezuela" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
(Valdés
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFAE631FFB090C58B6945F91" box="[1212,1269,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">et al.</emphasis>
, 2006);
<collectingCountry id="F33931F5FFAE631FFAE00C46B2875FB4" name="Virgin Islands" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">Virgin Islands</collectingCountry>
(Dayrat, 2010);
<collectingCountry id="F33931F5FFAE631FFE100CBDB38F5FB4" box="[421,494,404,429]" name="Brazil" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">Brazil</collectingCountry>
: Pernambuco state: Suape (Ev. Marcus, 1971); Alagoas state (Padula
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFAE631FFABF0CBCB7225FB4" box="[1290,1347,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">et al.</emphasis>
, 2012): Recife do Francês, Saco de Pedra, Piscina dos amores (present study), Riacho Doce (MacFarland, 1909); Bahia state (present study); Rio de Janeiro state: Búzios (García
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFAE631FFC830CF4B1085FEC" box="[822,873,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">et al</emphasis>
., 2008), Cabo Frio and Arraial do Cabo (present study); São Paulo state:
<collectingCountry id="F33931F5FFAE631FFE100CD6B3B05C01" box="[421,465,511,536]" name="Iceland" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">Ilha</collectingCountry>
de São Sebastião (Er. Marcus, 1955).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33422EEFFAE631FFF720F0DB6525BA5" pageId="15" pageNumber="167" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B917165FFAE631FFF720F0DB38E5A16" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,2033]" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFAE631FFF720F0DB0045C24" bold="true" box="[199,613,548,573]" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">Description. External morphology</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13156DE0FFAE631FFDC20F0DB0835C25" box="[631,738,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1844,1866]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,215,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,215,1803]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Living specimens; A, Thordisa diuda (MNRJ 13195, 9 mm), photo: V. Padula; B, Hoplodoris hansrosaorum (MNRJ 12924, 22 mm); C, Geitodoris pusae (MNRJ 11712, 12 mm); D, Discodoris branneri (MNRJ 14922, 87 mm); E, Discodoris hummelincki (MNRJ 13997, 32 mm); F, Diaulula greeleyi (MNRJ 14974, 10 mm); G, Rostanga byga (MNRJ 12371, 5 mm); H, Jorunna spazzola (MNRJ 13196, 5 mm), photo: V. Padula." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248700/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">Figures 1</figureCitation>
D; 9D–E): body oval, slightly depressed, up to
<quantity id="4CD6DC80FFAE631FFABB0F0DB7015C25" box="[1294,1376,548,572]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" pageId="15" pageNumber="167" unit="mm" value="87.0">87 mm</quantity>
long alive, with 1.5 to 2.5 times greater length than width. Mantle densely covered by somewhat conical tubercles of different sizes (diameter 37 µm to 273 µm), irregularly disposed; tubercles can be more or less conical with five to 12 spicules that protrude outside; ciliary tuft at apex of tubercles, normally lost during fixation. Rhinophoral and branchial sheaths prominent and irregular, covered by tubercles; rhinophores long with 19 to 26 diagonal perfoliations and cylindrical apex. Gill with six retractile, tripinnate or tetrapinnate branchial leaves, symmetrically positioned along longitudinal axis of body; anal cone high, located between two most posterior branchial leaves. Foot narrower than mantle; anteriorly bilabiated and notched on upper “lip”. Oral tentacles conical. Color of living specimens predominantly brownish, with several brown and white blotches on dorsum of irregular sizes and arrangement, usually with four to 10 dark brown circular blotches larger in diameter and well defined (in some cases almost black); ventrally, white to cream; foot with brown blotches smaller and at higher density than ventral part of mantle; rhinophores with basal region of same brown tone as mantle, with some whitish spots, laminated part yellowish-brown, with white spots on perfoliations, apical part white; branchial leaves cream/beige with numerous tiny brownish spots.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B917165FFAE631FFF720935B7075ADD" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,2033]" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFAE631FFF720935B3995A2C" bold="true" box="[199,504,1052,1077]" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">Labial cuticle and radula</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13156DE0FFAE631FFDB20935B0135A2D" box="[519,626,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1862,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,193,1841]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Discodoris branneri, SEM photographs; A, labial cuticle; B, inner lateral teeth; C, marginal teeth; D – E, tubercles of the dorsum; F – I, penis; G, detail of the apical and more developed spine of the penis; H, detail of the spines in the middle of the penis; I. smooth portion of the penis. A – C (MNRJ 13172); D (MNRJ 10669); E (MNRJ 12942); F (MNRJ 13199); G – I (MNRJ 10662)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248708/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">Figures 9</figureCitation>
A–C): labial cuticle with yellow lateral plates with numerous elongated elements; elements approximately rectangular, long and filiform on outer margin and, low and short on inner margin. Radula formula
<date id="FF9057A5FFAE631FFE1E094DB3BD5A65" box="[427,476,1124,1148]" pageId="15" pageNumber="167" value="1931-10">31 x</date>
46.0.
<quantity id="4CD6DC80FFAE631FFDAE094DB0345A64" box="[539,597,1124,1149]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1684" pageId="15" pageNumber="167" unit="in" value="46.0">46 in</quantity>
dry preserved specimen measuring 27.0 mm in length and
<date id="FF9057A5FFAE631FFB47094DB7425A65" box="[1266,1315,1124,1148]" pageId="15" pageNumber="167" value="1932-10">32 x</date>
62.0.
<quantity id="4CD6DC80FFAE631FFAD7094DB7FD5A64" box="[1378,1436,1124,1149]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5748" pageId="15" pageNumber="167" unit="in" value="62.0">62 in</quantity>
preserved specimen measuring 53.0 mm in length; lateral teeth hook-shaped, smooth, larger and more developed in center of rows; marginal teeth thinner and less curved, with a protuberance on convex surface of base of cusp.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B917165FFAE631FFF7209E6B6525BA5" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,2033]" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFAE631FFF7209E6B3A25AF1" bold="true" box="[199,451,1231,1256]" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">Reproductive system</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13156DE0FFAE631FFE6009E6B0235AF1" box="[469,578,1231,1256]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1862,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,193,1841]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Discodoris branneri, SEM photographs; A, labial cuticle; B, inner lateral teeth; C, marginal teeth; D – E, tubercles of the dorsum; F – I, penis; G, detail of the apical and more developed spine of the penis; H, detail of the spines in the middle of the penis; I. smooth portion of the penis. A – C (MNRJ 13172); D (MNRJ 10669); E (MNRJ 12942); F (MNRJ 13199); G – I (MNRJ 10662)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248708/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">Figures 9</figureCitation>
F–I; 10A): hermaphrodite duct connecting to long and convolute ampulla. Postampullary gonoduct short, connecting to oviduct and prostate. Prostate granular, divided into two parts, approximately of same size, less dense part proximal, denser distal part. Deferent duct elongated and enlarged on distal portion. Penis of 3.3 mm to 8.0 mm length, covered by penial hooks; there is one spine more developed than others attached on base of penis; distal part smooth, without penial hooks. Vagina elongated and convoluted,
<date id="FF9057A5FFAE631FFAD60874B2D25B81" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">2x to 3x</date>
thicker than deferent duct, opening into rounded bursa copulatrix. Bursa serially arranged, vaginal duct convoluted connecting to short-stalked seminal receptacle; uterine duct very short.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33422EEFFAE631FFF7208EFB3C15875" pageId="15" pageNumber="167" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B917165FFAE631FFF7208EFB3C15875" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,2033]" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFAE631FFF7208EFB3405BC6" bold="true" box="[199,289,1478,1503]" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">Biology</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13156DE0FFAE631FFE8708EFB3CF5BC6" box="[306,430,1478,1503]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="17.[151,250,764,786]" captionTargetBox="[285,1304,187,744]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[282,1305,187,747]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 10. Discodoris branneri; A, general view of reproductive system (MNRJ 14934); B, purple egg mass deposited inside the aquarium (MNRJ 15001); C, usual egg mass white (MNRJ 14922). Abbreviations: am, ampulla; bc, bursa copulatrix; dd, deferent duct; f, female glands; ov, oviduct; pr, prostate; s, seminal receptacle; u, uterine duct; va, vagina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248709/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">Figures 10</figureCitation>
B–C): egg mass usually forming a spiral ribbon of 45.0 mm to 49.0 mm diameter, with white eggs and crenulated border; ribbon with around six whorls in counterclockwise direction and with numerous rows of many tiny eggs; only in one case the same specimen deposited one egg mass with white eggs in its natural habitat, and another one coloured violet (deep purple) in aquarium. Some specimens autotomized parts of mantle margin when disturbed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33422EEFFAE6302FF720B5FB3755C79" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="170" pageId="15" pageNumber="167" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B917165FFAE631FFF720B5FB68D5978" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,2033]" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFAE631FFF720B5FB35A5896" bold="true" box="[199,315,1654,1679]" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">Remarks.</emphasis>
The specimens studied here fits largely in the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFAE631FFC2E0B5FB6CC5896" authority="Bergh, 1877" authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1877" box="[923,1197,1654,1679]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Discodoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="15" pageNumber="167" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFAE631FFC2E0B5FB6775896" box="[923,1046,1654,1679]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">Discodoris</emphasis>
Bergh, 1877
</taxonomicName>
, because this species presents all the diagnostic features of the genus, including the dorsum covered with simple tubercles, stiffened by integumentary spicules (
<figureCitation id="13156DE0FFAE631FFE1F0B95B39658CC" box="[426,503,1724,1749]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1862,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,193,1841]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Discodoris branneri, SEM photographs; A, labial cuticle; B, inner lateral teeth; C, marginal teeth; D – E, tubercles of the dorsum; F – I, penis; G, detail of the apical and more developed spine of the penis; H, detail of the spines in the middle of the penis; I. smooth portion of the penis. A – C (MNRJ 13172); D (MNRJ 10669); E (MNRJ 12942); F (MNRJ 13199); G – I (MNRJ 10662)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248708/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
D–E); anterior border of the foot grooved and notched; labial cuticle armature with rodlets (
<figureCitation id="13156DE0FFAE631FFF400BF6B35A58E1" box="[245,315,1759,1784]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1862,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,193,1841]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Discodoris branneri, SEM photographs; A, labial cuticle; B, inner lateral teeth; C, marginal teeth; D – E, tubercles of the dorsum; F – I, penis; G, detail of the apical and more developed spine of the penis; H, detail of the spines in the middle of the penis; I. smooth portion of the penis. A – C (MNRJ 13172); D (MNRJ 10669); E (MNRJ 12942); F (MNRJ 13199); G – I (MNRJ 10662)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248708/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
A); radula composed of simple, hamate teeth (
<figureCitation id="13156DE0FFAE631FFCE10BF6B1C558E1" box="[852,932,1759,1784]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1862,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,193,1841]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Discodoris branneri, SEM photographs; A, labial cuticle; B, inner lateral teeth; C, marginal teeth; D – E, tubercles of the dorsum; F – I, penis; G, detail of the apical and more developed spine of the penis; H, detail of the spines in the middle of the penis; I. smooth portion of the penis. A – C (MNRJ 13172); D (MNRJ 10669); E (MNRJ 12942); F (MNRJ 13199); G – I (MNRJ 10662)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248708/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
B–C); reproductive system with a flattened, granular prostate, having two well differentiated regions (
<figureCitation id="13156DE0FFAE631FFCAB0A2AB1115902" box="[798,880,1795,1820]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="17.[151,250,764,786]" captionTargetBox="[285,1304,187,744]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[282,1305,187,747]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 10. Discodoris branneri; A, general view of reproductive system (MNRJ 14934); B, purple egg mass deposited inside the aquarium (MNRJ 15001); C, usual egg mass white (MNRJ 14922). Abbreviations: am, ampulla; bc, bursa copulatrix; dd, deferent duct; f, female glands; ov, oviduct; pr, prostate; s, seminal receptacle; u, uterine duct; va, vagina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248709/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
A); vestibular or accessory glands absent (
<figureCitation id="13156DE0FFAE631FFAFE0A2AB7FD5902" box="[1355,1436,1795,1820]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="17.[151,250,764,786]" captionTargetBox="[285,1304,187,744]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[282,1305,187,747]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 10. Discodoris branneri; A, general view of reproductive system (MNRJ 14934); B, purple egg mass deposited inside the aquarium (MNRJ 15001); C, usual egg mass white (MNRJ 14922). Abbreviations: am, ampulla; bc, bursa copulatrix; dd, deferent duct; f, female glands; ov, oviduct; pr, prostate; s, seminal receptacle; u, uterine duct; va, vagina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248709/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
A) (Valdés, 2002). Valdés (2002) pointed in the diagnostic features of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFAE631FFB990A0FB6C65926" box="[1068,1191,1830,1855]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Discodoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="15" pageNumber="167" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFAE631FFB990A0FB6C65926" box="[1068,1191,1830,1855]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">Discodoris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that the penis devoid hooks, while we find hooks on the penis of
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFAE631FFDCA0A63B162597B" box="[639,771,1865,1890]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Montereina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="15" pageNumber="167" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="branneri">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFAE631FFDCA0A63B162597B" box="[639,771,1865,1890]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">D. branneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Still we place this species into
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFAE631FFBDF0A60B684597B" box="[1130,1253,1865,1890]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Discodoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="15" pageNumber="167" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFAE631FFBDF0A60B684597B" box="[1130,1253,1865,1890]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">Discodoris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B917165FFAE631FFF720A45B0A659E9" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,2033]" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">
The oldest valid
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFAE631FFE3F0A45B064599C" box="[394,517,1900,1925]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Discodoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="15" pageNumber="167" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFAE631FFE3F0A45B064599C" box="[394,517,1900,1925]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">Discodoris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F33931F5FFAE631FFDFA0A45B0F2599C" box="[591,659,1900,1925]" name="Brazil" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">Brazil</collectingCountry>
is
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFAE631FFD0F0A45B1C1599C" box="[698,928,1900,1925]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Discodoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="15" pageNumber="167" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="branneri">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFAE631FFD0F0A45B1C1599C" box="[698,928,1900,1925]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">Discodoris branneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The latter was described based on a single specimen, without data on external morphology and coloration
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFAE631FFC320ABBB1B959B0" box="[903,984,1938,1961]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">in vivo</emphasis>
, resulting in inconclusive evidence of possible intraspecific variation. This led some authors to describe new species from
<collectingCountry id="F33931F5FFAE631FFBF90A9CB6F159D7" box="[1100,1168,1973,1998]" name="Brazil" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">Brazil</collectingCountry>
and the Caribbean Sea, without appropriate comparison with
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFAE631FFD890AF3B0A159E8" box="[572,704,2008,2033]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Discodoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="15" pageNumber="167" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="branneri">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFAE631FFD890AF3B0A159E8" box="[572,704,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">D. branneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5121EDFFB16300FF220A6FB35959A1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248708/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="168" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1838]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="8B917165FFB16300FF220A6FB35959A1" blockId="16.[151,1436,1862,1976]" pageId="16" pageNumber="168">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFB16300FF220A6FB3725945" bold="true" box="[151,275,1862,1884]" pageId="16" pageNumber="168">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFB16300FEAF0A6FB3895945" box="[282,488,1862,1884]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Discodoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="16" pageNumber="168" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="branneri">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFB16300FEAF0A6FB3895945" box="[282,488,1862,1884]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="168">Discodoris branneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, SEM photographs; A, labial cuticle; B, inner lateral teeth; C, marginal teeth; D–E, tubercles of the dorsum; F–I, penis; G, detail of the apical and more developed spine of the penis; H, detail of the spines in the middle of the penis; I. smooth portion of the penis. A–C (MNRJ 13172); D (MNRJ 10669); E (MNRJ 12942); F (MNRJ 13199); G–I (MNRJ 10662).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5121EDFFB06301FF220FD5B6895D56" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248709/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="169" targetBox="[285,1304,187,744]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph id="8B917165FFB06301FF220FD5B6895D56" blockId="17.[151,1436,764,847]" pageId="17" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFB06301FF220FD5B37D5D08" bold="true" box="[151,284,764,786]" pageId="17" pageNumber="169">FIGURE 10</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFB06301FE990FD5B39F5D0B" box="[300,510,764,786]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Discodoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="169" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="branneri">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFB06301FE990FD5B39F5D0B" box="[300,510,764,786]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="169">Discodoris branneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; A, general view of reproductive system (MNRJ 14934); B, purple egg mass deposited inside the aquarium (MNRJ 15001); C, usual egg mass white (MNRJ 14922). Abbreviations: am, ampulla; bc, bursa copulatrix; dd, deferent duct; f, female glands; ov, oviduct; pr, prostate; s, seminal receptacle; u, uterine duct; va, vagina.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B917165FFB06301FF720E54B6E55AC0" blockId="17.[151,1437,892,2033]" pageId="17" pageNumber="169">
For example, Er. Marcus (1955) described
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFB06301FD1C0E55B1E95D8C" box="[681,904,892,917]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Discodoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="169" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="evelinae">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFB06301FD1C0E55B1E95D8C" box="[681,904,892,917]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="169">Discodoris evelinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and distinguished this species from
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFB06301FA940E55B2985DA0" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Discodoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="169" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="branneri">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFB06301FA940E55B2985DA0" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="169">Discodoris branneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on differences in the size of the nidamedal complex and prostate gland, yet he emphasized that these differences could be due to changes related to the successive stages of male and female maturation. MacFarland (1909) also noted that in
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFB06301FDFC0EC0B0AE5A18" box="[585,719,1000,1025]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Discodoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="169" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="branneri">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFB06301FDFC0EC0B0AE5A18" box="[585,719,1000,1025]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="169">D. branneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the diminutive size of the complex nidamedal gland could be related to the reproductive period. Er. Marcus (1955) considered
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFB06301FCCB0924B19E5A3C" box="[894,1023,1036,1061]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Discodoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="169" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="evelinae">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFB06301FCCB0924B19E5A3C" box="[894,1023,1036,1061]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="169">D. evelinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be highly similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFB06301FABA0924B7F45A3C" box="[1295,1429,1036,1061]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Discodoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="169" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="branneri">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFB06301FABA0924B7F45A3C" box="[1295,1429,1036,1061]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="169">D. branneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, particularly in the penial hooks, cylindrical-conical tubercles on the dorsum, and shape and number of rows of radular teeth; however, he separated the two species because he thought it was difficult to judge the differences in the size of the female gland and prostate. Dayrat (2010) considered
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFB06301FC2E0951B61A5A88" box="[923,1147,1144,1169]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Discodoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="169" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="evelinae">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFB06301FC2E0951B61A5A88" box="[923,1147,1144,1169]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="169">Discodoris evelinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Er. Marcus, 1955 to be a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFB06301FEDB09B4B3925AAC" box="[366,499,1180,1205]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Discodoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="169" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="branneri">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFB06301FEDB09B4B3925AAC" box="[366,499,1180,1205]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="169">D. branneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. According to him, the best diagnostic feature is the penis, which is similar in both descriptions. Indeed, both reproductive systems are compatible, despite small differences.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B917165FFB06301FF7209CCB3BF5BA9" blockId="17.[151,1437,892,2033]" pageId="17" pageNumber="169">
We observed that one specimen measuring 43.0 mm in length, from the
<typeStatus id="5495CFC7FFB06301FBBA09CCB65E5AE4" box="[1039,1087,1253,1277]" pageId="17" pageNumber="169">type</typeStatus>
locality of
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFB06301FB7D09CCB72E5AE4" box="[1224,1359,1252,1277]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Discodoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="169" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="branneri">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFB06301FB7D09CCB72E5AE4" box="[1224,1359,1252,1277]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="169">D. branneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, has a small female gland similar to the specimen studied by MacFarland (1909), which was 55.0 mm long. Er. Marcus (1955), on the other hand, examined specimens of 100.0 mm in length. Additional specimens from Alagoas state were examined, and these showed a correlation between the size of the female gland and body length. Thus, we conclude that differences between the two species are due to sexual maturation, and agree with the synonymy introduced by Dayrat (2010).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B917165FFB06301FF720895B1BC59E8" blockId="17.[151,1437,892,2033]" pageId="17" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFB06301FF720895B3DA5BCC" box="[199,443,1468,1493]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Discodoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="169" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hedgpethi">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFB06301FF720895B3DA5BCC" box="[199,443,1468,1493]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="169">Discodoris hedgpethi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ev. Marcus &amp; Er. Marcus, 1960, a species described from the Gulf of
<collectingCountry id="F33931F5FFB06301FABC0895B7005BCC" box="[1289,1377,1468,1493]" name="Mexico" pageId="17" pageNumber="169">Mexico</collectingCountry>
, was distinct from
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFB06301FE9B08C8B3CF5BE0" box="[302,430,1504,1529]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Discodoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="169" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="evelinae">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFB06301FE9B08C8B3CF5BE0" box="[302,430,1504,1529]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="169">D. evelinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with respect to the number of teeth per row of the radula. Ev. Marcus (1971) studied one specimen from
<collectingCountry id="F33931F5FFB06301FEFF0B2CB3B05804" box="[330,465,1540,1565]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="17" pageNumber="169">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
that presents an intermediate number of teeth per row, so the author established the synonymy between species. Ev. Marcus and Er. Marcus (1960, fig. 9) described a denticle in the innermost lateral tooth in
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFB06301FF460B65B383587C" box="[243,482,1612,1637]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Discodoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="169" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hedgpethi">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFB06301FF460B65B383587C" box="[243,482,1612,1637]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="169">Discodoris hedgpethi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but their drawing of the denticle is not clear, so it is difficult to evaluate the true state of the innermost lateral tooth. We would like to emphasize that the presence of a denticle on the cusp of the innermost lateral tooth of
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFB06301FE750BBDB0D258B4" box="[448,691,1684,1709]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Discodoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="169" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hedgpethi">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFB06301FE750BBDB0D258B4" box="[448,691,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="169">Discodoris hedgpethi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has never been reported for
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFB06301FC490BBCB6E358B4" box="[1020,1154,1684,1709]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Discodoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="169" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="branneri">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFB06301FC490BBCB6E358B4" box="[1020,1154,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="169">D. branneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(or
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFB06301FB010BBCB75458B4" box="[1204,1333,1684,1709]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Discodoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="169" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="evelinae">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFB06301FB010BBCB75458B4" box="[1204,1333,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="169">D. evelinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and, in line with this, the feature was not observed in
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFB06301FD230B90B17B58C8" box="[662,794,1720,1745]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Discodoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="169" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="branneri">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFB06301FD230B90B17B58C8" box="[662,794,1720,1745]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="169">D. branneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens studied in this work. A second difference may relate to the penis of
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFB06301FE2D0BF4B04D58EC" box="[408,556,1756,1781]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Discodoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="169" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hedgpethi">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFB06301FE2D0BF4B04D58EC" box="[408,556,1756,1781]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="169">D. hedgpethi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Dayrat (2010: 239, fig. 243) described the penises of two
<typeStatus id="5495CFC7FFB06301FB440BF4B73258EC" box="[1265,1363,1757,1781]" pageId="17" pageNumber="169" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFB06301FA340BF4B3645900" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Discodoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="169" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hedgpethi">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFB06301FA340BF4B3645900" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="169">D. hedgpethi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as presenting several large penial hooks on the anterior portion; however, the micrographs of the penises do not show where the more prominent spine is, and Ev. Marcus and Er. Marcus (1960) did not describe the anterior portion of the penis. The penis in the six specimens dissected in the present study is slightly different, in that it only has one penial hook that is more evident than the others penial hooks in the anterior part of the penis (
<figureCitation id="13156DE0FFB06301FF2A0AB9B28E59B1" box="[159,239,1936,1961]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1862,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,193,1841]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Discodoris branneri, SEM photographs; A, labial cuticle; B, inner lateral teeth; C, marginal teeth; D – E, tubercles of the dorsum; F – I, penis; G, detail of the apical and more developed spine of the penis; H, detail of the spines in the middle of the penis; I. smooth portion of the penis. A – C (MNRJ 13172); D (MNRJ 10669); E (MNRJ 12942); F (MNRJ 13199); G – I (MNRJ 10662)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248708/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="169">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
F–G). These two differences are difficult to evaluate without analyzing the
<typeStatus id="5495CFC7FFB06301FBE20AB8B6D859B0" box="[1111,1209,1937,1961]" pageId="17" pageNumber="169" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
or other specimens from the
<typeStatus id="5495CFC7FFB06301FEB50A9CB35159D4" box="[256,304,1973,1997]" pageId="17" pageNumber="169">type</typeStatus>
locality, thus we believe that the two species cannot be distinguished on the basis of these features. However, we would like to emphasize these differences for further studies.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B917165FFB36302FF720DB1B6965F7C" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,608]" pageId="18" pageNumber="170">
<collectingCountry id="F33931F5FFB36302FF720DB1B2875EA9" box="[199,230,152,176]" name="American Samoa" pageId="18" pageNumber="170">As</collectingCountry>
a result of a revision of the basal discodorids, Dayrat (2010) concluded that this taxon was part of a metaphyletic group at the base of the
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFB36302FDF10D95B0935ECC" box="[580,754,188,213]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="18" pageNumber="170" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Discodorididae</taxonomicName>
, which could not be diagnosed because its members present all plesiomorphic characteristics associated with
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFB36302FD0C0DF6B1095EE1" box="[697,872,223,248]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="18" pageNumber="170" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Discodorididae</taxonomicName>
. He named this taxon as
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFB36302FBC90DC9B71F5EE1" box="[1148,1406,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="170">
&quot;
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFB36302FB300DC9B76C5EEE" box="[1157,1293,224,247]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Montereina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="18" pageNumber="170" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Montereina</taxonomicName>
&quot;
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFB36302FAA90DF6B71F5EE1" box="[1308,1406,223,248]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Discodoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="18" pageNumber="170" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="branneri">branneri</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
or
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFB36302FF220C2DB3DB5F04" box="[151,442,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="170">
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFB36302FF220C2DB3245F04" box="[151,325,260,285]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="18" pageNumber="170" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Discodorididae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFB36302FEED0C2DB3DB5F04" box="[344,442,260,285]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Discodoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="18" pageNumber="170" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="branneri">branneri</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, as an attempt to follow simultaneously the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN, 1999) and International Code of Phylogenetic Nomenclature (Cantino &amp; de Queiroz, 2010). Since the phylogeny of this family is not well established, we prefer to use a conservative approach.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B917165FFB36302FF720C46B3755C79" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,608]" pageId="18" pageNumber="170">
Examination of several specimens, including those from the
<typeStatus id="5495CFC7FFB36302FC1E0C59B1BA5F91" box="[939,987,368,392]" pageId="18" pageNumber="170">type</typeStatus>
locality, indicated that, despite large intraspecific variation in coloration, the rounded dark-brown blotches (sometimes almost black) on the dorsum are always present (
<figureCitation id="13156DE0FFB36302FEE60C9EB3F75FC9" box="[339,406,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1844,1866]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,215,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,215,1803]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Living specimens; A, Thordisa diuda (MNRJ 13195, 9 mm), photo: V. Padula; B, Hoplodoris hansrosaorum (MNRJ 12924, 22 mm); C, Geitodoris pusae (MNRJ 11712, 12 mm); D, Discodoris branneri (MNRJ 14922, 87 mm); E, Discodoris hummelincki (MNRJ 13997, 32 mm); F, Diaulula greeleyi (MNRJ 14974, 10 mm); G, Rostanga byga (MNRJ 12371, 5 mm); H, Jorunna spazzola (MNRJ 13196, 5 mm), photo: V. Padula." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248700/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="170">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
D). In most cases, however, these blotches are distributed along the sides of the mantle. Valdés
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFB36302FF5C0CF4B3435FEC" box="[233,290,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
(2006: 174) is considered only “in part” in the synonymic list because of this color characteristic: the picture that shows the light specimen from
<collectingCountry id="F33931F5FFB36302FDC80CD6B0985C01" box="[637,761,511,536]" name="Martinique" pageId="18" pageNumber="170">Martinique</collectingCountry>
does not represent
<taxonomicName id="4C2E0AE6FFB36302FC610CD6B6D65C01" box="[980,1207,511,536]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Discodoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="18" pageNumber="170" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="branneri">
<emphasis id="B95AAD77FFB36302FC610CD6B6D65C01" box="[980,1207,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="170">Discodoris branneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In addition, ventral spots are always present, and these are smaller and present at a higher density on the foot than in the ventral part of the mantle.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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