166 lines
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166 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.614.8807" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7ad92243-c039-45c2-8b3b-eeff5d4962d9" ID-PMC="PMC5027655" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-614-27" ID-PubMed="27667931" ID-ZBK="48DF2601BCB9400BB57443B5B619E3B0" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-614-27" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 614" ModsDocTitle="Revision of Partulidae (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora) of Palau, with description of a new genus for an unusual ground-dwelling species" checkinTime="1472760790278" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Slapcinsky, John & Kraus, Fred" docDate="2016" docId="82CB0537C972C8290812E412EF427DC9" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 614: 27-49" docOrigin="ZooKeys 614" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.614.8807" docTitle="Sphendone Slapcinsky & Kraus, 2016, gen. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="FBC28415-B5A9-4549-B4CC-27D0F7B9850B" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="34" masterDocId="417BE326FFE92666BE31FFE827076905" masterDocTitle="Revision of Partulidae (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora) of Palau, with description of a new genus for an unusual ground-dwelling species" masterLastPageNumber="49" masterPageNumber="27" pageNumber="33" updateTime="1668163463136" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of Partulidae (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora) of Palau, with description of a new genus for an unusual ground-dwelling species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Slapcinsky, John</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kraus, Fred</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>614</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>27</mods:start>
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<mods:end>49</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.614.8807</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.614.8807</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-614-27</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">48DF2601BCB9400BB57443B5B619E3B0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">48DF2601BCB9400BB57443B5B619E3B0</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127900970" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:FBC28415-B5A9-4549-B4CC-27D0F7B9850B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/82CB0537C972C8290812E412EF427DC9" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="33" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Taxon classification Animalia Stylommatophora Partulidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="33" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="33">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/FBC28415-B5A9-4549-B4CC-27D0F7B9850B" class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Sphendone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphendone" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Sphendone</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="6" pageNumber="33">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="33" type="type species">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="33">
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Sphendone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphendone insolita" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="insolita">Sphendone insolita</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="33" type="content">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Content.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="33">
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One species,
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Sphendone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphendone insolita" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="insolita">Sphendone insolita</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="33" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="33">
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Shell obese-pupoid (Fig. 3B), protoconch sculptured with growth lines, strongest near the apical suture (Fig. 5A); spiral sculpture absent or consisting of very weak and inconsistent striae. Wavy spiral striae become progressively stronger and clearer on the penultimate and body whorls. The final half of the body whorl does not extend beyond the penultimate whorl (Fig. 3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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). Peristome widely expanded and reflexed, palatal and parietal margins nearly parallel, base evenly rounded. Palatal margin with slight central thickening; parietal margin attaching to body whorl at level of umbilicus. Penis relatively long and narrow, sculptured with approximately 10 longitudinal pilasters that coalesce to form a ridge between the penis and a very short and thin-walled apical chamber with about 10 thin and widely spaced pilasters. The vas deferens and penial-retractor muscle enter at the penis apex. Oviduct usually contains only one (sometimes two) eggs or embryos.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="33" type="comparisons">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Comparisons with other genera.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="33">
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The shells of
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Eua" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eua" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Eua</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Samoana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Samoana" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Samoana</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Palaopartula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Palaopartula" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Palaopartula</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Partula" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Partula</taxonomicName>
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are not pupoid in shape; they are attenuated apically. The protoconch of the new species lacks strong spiral striae or pitting, unlike the strong striae of
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Eua" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eua" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Eua</taxonomicName>
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, or the pitted striae of
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Palaopartula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Palaopartula" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Palaopartula</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Partula" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Partula</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Samoana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Samoana" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Samoana</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Sphendone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphendone" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Sphendone</taxonomicName>
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is similar only to
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Eua" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eua" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Eua</taxonomicName>
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in the apical insertion of the vas deferens into the penis, unlike the lateral insertion into the apical chamber in
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Samoana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Samoana" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Samoana</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Palaopartula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Palaopartula" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Palaopartula</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Partula" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Partula</taxonomicName>
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(Figure 6). However,
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Sphendone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphendone" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Sphendone</taxonomicName>
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shares an elongate, two-chambered penis with
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Samoana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Samoana" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Samoana</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Palaopartula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Palaopartula" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Palaopartula</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Partula" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Partula</taxonomicName>
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that is distinctly different from the short, broad penis with a single chamber found in
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Eua" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eua" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Eua</taxonomicName>
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. The apical chamber of
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Sphendone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphendone" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Sphendone</taxonomicName>
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is very short, unlike
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Samoana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Samoana" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Samoana</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Palaopartula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Palaopartula" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Palaopartula</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Partula" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Partula</taxonomicName>
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, which have large apical chambers (Fig. 6). The interior of the penis in
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Sphendone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphendone" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Sphendone</taxonomicName>
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is sculptured with approximately ten longitudinal pilasters, unlike the single fleshy pilaster of
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Eua" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eua" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Eua</taxonomicName>
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or the two large pilasters in the main chamber of the penis of
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Samoana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Samoana" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Samoana</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Kondo, Y" journalOrPublisher="Cambridge, Harvard University" pageId="15" pageNumber="42" title="A revision of the family Partulidae" year="1955">Kondo 1955</bibRefCitation>
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). The pilasters of the main and apical chambers coalesce, forming a ridge between the two chambers similar to that seen in
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Palaopartula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Palaopartula" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Palaopartula</taxonomicName>
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and unlike that in
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Samoana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Samoana" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Samoana</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Partula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Partula" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Partula</taxonomicName>
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. The penial-retractor muscle enters apically and does not branch, whereas
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Samoana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Samoana" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Samoana</taxonomicName>
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has a retractor muscle with a secondary branch that attaches to the penial chamber.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="34" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="34">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="34" start="start">Remarks</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="34">
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A comparison of a partial COI sequence (540 bp) of
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Sphendone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphendone" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Sphendone</taxonomicName>
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(UF 271885) with sequences from all other partulid genera (655 bp) shows the new genus is well differentiated from other partulid genera (Fig. 8) although we are unable to determine its sister-taxon relationships from an unrooted network.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="34" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="34">
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Partulidae" genus="Sphendone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphendone" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Sphendone</taxonomicName>
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is a feminine Greek noun for a sling missile and is used here in reference to the unique bullet shape of the shell among partulids. The accent is on the first syllable.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="34" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Known only from Palau.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |