treatments-xml/data/C0/47/87/C04787D4FFC0FFEBFF07FCB9603ACD6B.xml
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<mods:title id="F45498CCEB1242EA51DCC0ABB4252A92">Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="00F46549FFC0FFEBFF07FCB96772C87F" box="[151,561,798,825]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="485136C2FFC0FFEBFF07FCB96772C87F" blockId="41.[151,1437,798,1581]" box="[151,561,798,825]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC0FFEBFF07FCB9658BC87F" bold="true" box="[151,200,798,824]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">127.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC0FFEBFF67FCB9676EC87F" ID-CoL="3QGG9" authority="Koch, 1844 a" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[247,557,798,825]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lividus">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC0FFEBFF67FCB964D6C87E" bold="true" box="[247,405,798,825]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Ixodes lividus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC0FFEBFE0CFCB9676EC87F" author="Koch, C. L." box="[412,557,798,824]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="217 - 239" refId="ref220835" refString="Koch, C. L. (1844 a) Systematische Ubersicht uber die Ordnung der Zecken. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 10, 217 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 29560" type="journal article" year="1844">Koch, 1844a</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="00F46549FFC0FFEBFDA5FCB961A2C8E3" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="485136C2FFC0FFEBFDA5FCB961A2C8E3" blockId="41.[151,1437,798,1581]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
A Palearctic species, all of whose parasitic stages are usually found on
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC0FFEBFAD4FCB965AAC81B" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Passeriformes</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC0FFEBFF64FCE564C8C81B" box="[244,395,834,860]" class="Aves" family="Hirundinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Hirundinidae</taxonomicName>
; adults and larvae have been collected from
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC0FFEBFC12FCE56164C81B" box="[898,1063,834,860]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coraciiformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Coraciiformes</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC0FFEBFBA1FCE561FFC81B" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[1073,1212,834,860]" class="Aves" family="Alcedinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coraciiformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Alcedinidae</taxonomicName>
; larvae and nymphs have been recovered from
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC0FFEBFE55FCC16729C8C7" box="[453,618,870,896]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coraciiformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Coraciiformes</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC0FFEBFDE5FCC167B2C8C7" box="[629,753,870,896]" class="Aves" family="Meropidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coraciiformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Meropidae</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC0FFEBFCBEFCC16693C8C7" box="[814,976,870,896]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Passeriformes</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC0FFEBFC4AFCC1616DC8C7" box="[986,1070,870,896]" class="Aves" family="Paridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Paridae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC0FFEBFBF7FCC1619EC8C7" box="[1127,1245,870,896]" class="Aves" family="Passeridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Passeridae</taxonomicName>
(Guglielmone
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC0FFEBFA18FCC065F7C8E3" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">et al.</emphasis>
2014,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC0FFEBFE91FC2D64B4C8E3" author="Novakova, M. &amp; Heneberg, P. &amp; Heylen, D. J. A. &amp; Medvecky, M. &amp; Munoz-Leal, S. &amp; Smajs, D. &amp; Literak, I." box="[257,503,906,933]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="479 - 484" refId="ref234325" refString="Novakova, M., Heneberg, P., Heylen, D. J. A., Medvecky, M., Munoz-Leal, S., Smajs, D. &amp; Literak, I. (2018) Isolated popula- tions of Ixodes lividus ticks in the Czech Republic and Belgium host genetically homogeneous Rickettsia vini. Ticks and Tick-borne Dis eases, 9, 479 - 484. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ttbdis. 2017.12.018" type="journal article" year="2018">
Nováková
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC0FFEBFEEBFC2C64EFC8E3" box="[379,428,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">et al</emphasis>
. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
). There are no records of
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC0FFEBFC85FC2D66F3C8E3" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[789,944,906,932]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lividus">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC0FFEBFC85FC2D66F3C8E3" box="[789,944,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Ixodes lividus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
causing human parasitism.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="00F46549FFC0FFEBFF07FC09603ACD6B" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="description">
<paragraph id="485136C2FFC0FFEBFF07FC096023C88F" blockId="41.[151,1437,798,1581]" box="[151,1376,942,969]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC0FFEBFF07FC0965F8C88F" bold="true" box="[151,187,942,968]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">M:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC0FFEBFF52FC09675EC88E" author="Schulze, P. &amp; Schlottke, E." box="[194,541,942,969]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="95 - 112" refId="ref245320" refString="Schulze, P. &amp; Schlottke, E. (1929 b) Kleinhohlenbewohnende deutsche Zecken mit Beschreibung dreier neuer Baumhohlenbruter und einer Bestimmungstabelle der deutschen Ixodes. Sitzungsberichte und Abhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu Rostock (1927 - 1929), 2, 95 - 112. [this reference is often cited as published in 1930]" type="journal article" year="1929">Schulze and Schlottke (1929b)</bibRefCitation>
, under the name
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC0FFEBFD4CFC096154C88F" authorityName="Schulze &amp; Schlottke" authorityYear="1930" box="[732,1047,942,968]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="plumbeus" subSpecies="obotriticus">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC0FFEBFD4CFC096154C88F" box="[732,1047,942,968]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Ixodes plumbeus obotriticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC0FFEBFB55FC096023C88F" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[1221,1376,942,968]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lividus">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC0FFEBFB55FC096023C88F" box="[1221,1376,942,968]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Ixodes lividus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="485136C2FFC0FFEBFF07FC756152CF57" blockId="41.[151,1437,798,1581]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC0FFEBFF07FC7565F1C8AB" bold="true" box="[151,178,978,1004]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">F:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC0FFEBFF29FC756412C8AA" author="Leach, W. E." box="[185,337,978,1005]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="306 - 400" refId="ref225573" refString="Leach, W. E. (1815) A tabular view of the external characters of four classes of animals, which Linne arranged under Insecta: with the distribution of the genera composing three of these classes into orders, and descriptions of several new genera and species. Transactions of the Linnaean Society of London, 11, 306 - 400. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1813. tb 00065. x" type="journal article" year="1815">Leach (1815)</bibRefCitation>
, under the name
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC0FFEBFD80FC756788C8AB" box="[528,715,978,1004]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plumbeus">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC0FFEBFD80FC756788C8AB" box="[528,715,978,1004]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Ixodes plumbeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, preoccupied and renamed as
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC0FFEBFB8FFC7561F9C8AB" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[1055,1210,978,1004]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lividus">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC0FFEBFB8FFC7561F9C8AB" box="[1055,1210,978,1004]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Ixodes lividus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC0FFEBFB73FC75603DC8AB" author="Koch, C. L." box="[1251,1406,978,1004]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="217 - 239" refId="ref220835" refString="Koch, C. L. (1844 a) Systematische Ubersicht uber die Ordnung der Zecken. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 10, 217 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 29560" type="journal article" year="1844">Koch (1844a)</bibRefCitation>
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC0FFEBFF07FC5165F6CF57" bold="true" box="[151,181,1014,1040]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">N:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC0FFEBFF2CFC516755CF56" author="Schulze, P. &amp; Schlottke, E." box="[188,534,1014,1041]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="95 - 112" refId="ref245320" refString="Schulze, P. &amp; Schlottke, E. (1929 b) Kleinhohlenbewohnende deutsche Zecken mit Beschreibung dreier neuer Baumhohlenbruter und einer Bestimmungstabelle der deutschen Ixodes. Sitzungsberichte und Abhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu Rostock (1927 - 1929), 2, 95 - 112. [this reference is often cited as published in 1930]" type="journal article" year="1929">Schulze and Schlottke (1929b)</bibRefCitation>
, under the name
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC0FFEBFD46FC516152CF57" authorityName="Schulze &amp; Schlottke" authorityYear="1930" box="[726,1041,1014,1040]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="plumbeus" subSpecies="obotriticus">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC0FFEBFD46FC516152CF57" box="[726,1041,1014,1040]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Ixodes plumbeus obotriticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="485136C2FFC0FFEBFF07FBBD67B7CF73" blockId="41.[151,1437,798,1581]" box="[151,756,1050,1077]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC0FFEBFF07FBBD65F0CF73" bold="true" box="[151,179,1050,1076]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">L:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC0FFEBFF2AFBBD643ACF72" author="Filippova, N. A." box="[186,377,1050,1077]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="10 - 77" refId="ref200272" refString="Filippova, N. A. (1958) Contribution to the data on larvae and nymphs of the subfamily Ixodinae Banks, 1907. Parazitologicheskii Sbornik, 18, 10 - 77." type="journal article" year="1958">Filippova (1958)</bibRefCitation>
, under the name
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC0FFEBFDA9FBBD67B7CF73" box="[569,756,1050,1076]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plumbeus">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC0FFEBFDA9FBBD67B7CF73" box="[569,756,1050,1076]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Ixodes plumbeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="485136C2FFC0FFEBFF07FB99640BCF1F" blockId="41.[151,1437,798,1581]" box="[151,328,1086,1112]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC0FFEBFF07FB99640BCF1F" bold="true" box="[151,328,1086,1112]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Redescriptions</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="485136C2FFC0FFEBFF07FBC56462CF83" blockId="41.[151,1437,798,1581]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC0FFEBFF07FBC565F8CF3B" bold="true" box="[151,187,1122,1148]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">M:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC0FFEBFF52FBC56430CF3A" author="Emchuk, L. E." box="[194,371,1122,1149]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref197924" refString="Emchuk, L. E. (1960) External and internal structure, ecology, taxonomy, distribution and noxious effects of ticks. Fauna Ukrayiny. Academy of Sciences of Ukrainian SSR, Kiev, 163 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1960">Emchuk (1960)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC0FFEBFEEDFBC56759CF3A" author="Arthur, D. R." box="[381,538,1122,1149]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref184034" refString="Arthur, D. R. (1963) British ticks. Butterworths, London, 213 pp." type="book" year="1963">Arthur (1963)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC0FFEBFDB5FBC56660CF3B" author="Yamaguti, N. &amp; Tipton, V. J. &amp; Keegan, H. L. &amp; Toshioka, S." box="[549,803,1122,1148]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 226" refId="ref256352" refString="Yamaguti, N., Tipton, V. J., Keegan, H. L. &amp; Toshioka, S. (1971) Ticks of Japan, Korea, and the Ryukyu Islands. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biological Series, 15 (1), 1 - 226. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 25691" type="journal article" year="1971">
Yamaguti
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,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC0FFEBFBAEFA0161A3CE87" author="Slovak, M." box="[1086,1248,1446,1472]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="12 - 18" refId="ref246860" refString="Slovak, M. (2014) Pictorial key to the larvae and nymphs of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of the Slovakia fauna. Entomofauna Carpathica, 26, 12 - 18." type="journal article" year="2014">Slovak (2014)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC0FFEBFB7DFA016445CEA3" author="Estrada-Pena, A. &amp; Mihalca, A. D. &amp; Petney, T. N." pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref199181" refString="Estrada-Pena, A., Mihalca, A. D. &amp; Petney, T. N. (2017) Ticks of Europe and North Africa. Springer, Cham, 404 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 63760 - 0" type="book" year="2017">
Estrada-Peña
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC0FFEBFA18FA0065F7CEA3" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">et al.</emphasis>
(2017)
</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="485136C2FFC0FFEBFF07FA49603ACD6B" blockId="41.[151,1437,798,1581]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC0FFEBFF07FA49659BCD4F" bold="true" box="[151,216,1518,1544]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Note:</emphasis>
there are several redescriptions of
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC0FFEBFDF8FA496646CD4F" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[616,773,1518,1544]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lividus">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC0FFEBFDF8FA496646CD4F" box="[616,773,1518,1544]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Ixodes lividus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
under the name
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC0FFEBFC55FA4961C2CD4F" box="[965,1153,1518,1544]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plumbeus">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC0FFEBFC55FA4961C2CD4F" box="[965,1153,1518,1544]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Ixodes plumbeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or under the genus
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC0FFEBFAF6FA496442CD6B" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Pholeoixodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC0FFEBFAF6FA496442CD6B" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Pholeoixodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that are not included in the lists above.
<collectingRegion id="8A2AF820FFC0FFEBFD2FF9B567A4CD6B" box="[703,743,1554,1580]" country="South Sudan" name="Lakes" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">See</collectingRegion>
also
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC0FFEBFCB3F9B5669BCD6B" authorityName="Johnston" authorityYear="1849" box="[803,984,1554,1580]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canisuga">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC0FFEBFCB3F9B5669BCD6B" box="[803,984,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Ixodes canisuga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for its confusion with
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC0FFEBFB46F9B5603ACD6B" box="[1238,1401,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC0FFEBFB46F9B56037CD6B" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[1238,1396,1554,1580]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lividus">Ixodes lividus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>