266 lines
34 KiB
XML
266 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="CB2B2E656F5F1AC5E05B2469510DD09C" ID-CLB-Dataset="7890" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4871.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="344f8a86-21a1-428e-ae4f-01ea6082254a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4423340" ID-ZooBank="C21A719F-9A6B-4227-8386-1AFA22620614" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1610022441531" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Guglielmone, Alberto A., Petney, Trevor N. & Robbins, Richard G." docDate="2020" docId="C04787D4FF29FF03FF07F9616489CF56" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4871.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4871 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Haemaphysalis spinulosa Neumann 1906" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="194" masterDocId="3C7EFFACFFE9FFC2FF90FFA76543CB47" masterDocTitle="Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019" masterLastPageNumber="322" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="193" updateTime="1698923194747" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="748741691F9F212122DAFCD01D0BB511" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="FF060499679C5FF3A79AD72C9CF0F22E">
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<mods:title id="866AFE684500A1D0477DB1CDB4C0A67D">Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="52F82775A5429001DE5A5F474ECA2C22" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="9FF8A42656774C2052087773028AA19C">Guglielmone, Alberto A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="EA4A06BBA3B1A594CA2957C67EDB4CDD" type="ORCID">0000-0001-5430-2889</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D6CCFBD1BBEC06579A261798D426D04F" type="email">guglielmone.alberto@inta.gob.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="E4F66CCAC42FEB03B77B70482CB12962">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="A7D6A348E1D356EA2DB967AB3DC21944">Petney, Trevor N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="6847C17A7734206D5CC84BC93B1C91FF" type="ORCID">0000-0002-9135-4546</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F137A662F91F6F96507D8F84524B13F1" type="email">trevor.petney@smnk.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="01ACCC727FD90B9378C5C4BA88CF1B38" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D66B5D5D00AEE3EA5096A21B8D2A1312">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="8684ACA08668BE244BA7956D30BA211F">Robbins, Richard G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2A625B4E45D3FF747625AB953CF27E00" type="ORCID">0000-0001-5430-2889</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="5502F7795DA86D6A30978B0EE1661C55" type="email">guglielmone.alberto@inta.gob.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="3CB14A0302CDE5CF21464A89E616BCB1">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="E7486C3EC8CBDAE593442B1E9C93D143">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="5C21B9EC20C3F8E86D8A8B90584AB6B4">
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<mods:date id="B066BAE25E02F540365D2E143D86BCAE">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="83BB0A0CBB74366C156272FC583F5604" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="3CE090D8E701A9B58AB44FEE6EE65D94">2020-11-05</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="EEE33DC2DBC8EB559C25B2ED36793349" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="AA929A26BFD9410FBE2A1D4BB939FC5A">4871</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="53BF4128D121B3DC3E81926BDB4D4A77" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="B912EFB7863DD578D21AD07055BF71D7">1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="9450AA87F1592DD90FDE991E468A45A2">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="DBE6B4BE7D5A89F8DB58BF65B3CCB31A" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4871.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="C04787D4FF29FF03FF07F9616489CF56" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4582649" ID-GBIF-Taxon="179990283" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4582649" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C04787D4FF29FF03FF07F9616489CF56" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C04787D4FF29FF03FF07F9616489CF56" lastPageId="193" lastPageNumber="194" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">
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<subSubSection id="00F46549FF29FF02FF07F96167A9CDA7" box="[151,746,1734,1761]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF29FF02FF07F96167A9CDA7" blockId="192.[151,1437,1734,2013]" box="[151,746,1734,1761]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF29FF02FF07F961658BCDA7" bold="true" box="[151,200,1734,1760]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">150.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF29FF02FF67F96167A6CDA7" ID-CoL="3J82C" authority="Neumann, 1906" authorityName="Neumann" authorityYear="1906" box="[247,741,1734,1761]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinulosa">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF29FF02FF67F9616762CDA6" bold="true" box="[247,545,1734,1761]" italics="true" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">Haemaphysalis spinulosa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF29FF02FDBCF96067A6CDA7" author="Neumann, L. G." box="[556,741,1734,1761]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" pagination="195 - 219" refId="ref233460" refString="Neumann, L. G. (1906) Notes sur les Ixodides. IV. Archives de Parasitologie, 10, 195 - 219." type="journal article" year="1906">Neumann, 1906</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="00F46549FF29FF02FD62F9616481CC0B" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF29FF02FD62F9616481CC0B" blockId="192.[151,1437,1734,2013]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">
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An Afrotropical species whose adults are usually found on
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF29FF02FF07F94D6444CC43" authorityName="Bowdich" authorityYear="1821" box="[151,263,1770,1796]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Carnivora</taxonomicName>
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(several families), but they have also been collected from
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF29FF02FC00F94D614ACC43" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[912,1033,1770,1796]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Chordata" rank="class">Mammalia</taxonomicName>
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(several orders).
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<collectingRegion id="8A2AF820FF29FF02FB5BF94D61B0CC43" box="[1227,1267,1770,1796]" country="South Sudan" name="Lakes" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">See</collectingRegion>
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note below for a discussion of the difficulties involved in identifying this species. There are no records of
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF29FF02FBEEF8A960DFCC6F" authorityName="in Matthysse and Colbo" authorityYear="1987" box="[1150,1436,1806,1832]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinulosa">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF29FF02FBEEF8A960DFCC6F" box="[1150,1436,1806,1832]" italics="true" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">Haemaphysalis spinulosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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causing human parasitism.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="00F46549FF29FF03FF07F8F16489CF56" lastPageId="193" lastPageNumber="194" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" type="description">
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF29FF02FF07F8F16013CC37" blockId="192.[151,1437,1734,2013]" box="[151,1360,1878,1905]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF29FF02FF07F8F165F8CC37" bold="true" box="[151,187,1878,1904]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">M:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF29FF02FF52F8F164EACC36" author="Santos Dias, J. A. T." box="[194,425,1878,1905]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" pagination="87 - 108" refId="ref243198" refString="Santos Dias, J. A. T. (1958 d) Identificacao de uma segunda forma pequena de carraca africana do grupo leachii [sic]. Haemaphysalis ethiopica n. sp. Mocambique, 88, 87 - 108." type="journal article" year="1958">Santos Dias (1958d)</bibRefCitation>
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, under the name
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF29FF02FDF8F8F166C7CC37" authorityName="Santos Dias" authorityYear="1958" box="[616,900,1878,1904]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ethiopica">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF29FF02FDF8F8F166C7CC37" box="[616,900,1878,1904]" italics="true" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">Haemaphysalis ethiopica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, a synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF29FF02FBA1F8F16013CC37" authorityName="in Matthysse and Colbo" authorityYear="1987" box="[1073,1360,1878,1904]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinulosa">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF29FF02FBA1F8F16013CC37" box="[1073,1360,1878,1904]" italics="true" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">Haemaphysalis spinulosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF29FF02FF07F8DD6434CCD2" blockId="192.[151,1437,1734,2013]" box="[151,375,1914,1941]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF29FF02FF07F8DD65F1CCD3" bold="true" box="[151,178,1914,1940]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">F:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF29FF02FF29F8DC6434CCD2" authority="Guglielmone & Petney & Robbins, 2020" authorityName="Guglielmone & Petney & Robbins" authorityYear="2020" box="[185,375,1914,1941]" pageId="192" pageNumber="289" rank="subGenus" status="subgen. nov." subGenus="Neumann">
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF29FF02FF29F8DC6434CCD2" author="Neumann, L. G." box="[185,375,1914,1941]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" pagination="195 - 219" refId="ref233460" refString="Neumann, L. G. (1906) Notes sur les Ixodides. IV. Archives de Parasitologie, 10, 195 - 219." type="journal article" year="1906">Neumann (1906)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF29FF02FF07F839610ECC9B" blockId="192.[151,1437,1734,2013]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF29FF02FF07F83965F6CCFF" bold="true" box="[151,181,1950,1976]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">N:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF29FF02FF2DF83964E5CCFE" author="Santos Dias, J. A. T." box="[189,422,1950,1977]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref242774" refString="Santos Dias, J. A. T. (1954 b) Mais uma nova especie de carraca do genero Haemaphysalis C. L. Koch, 1844 para a fauna de Mocambique. Memorias e Estudos do Museu Zoologico da Universidade de Coimbra, 225, 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1954">Santos Dias (1954b)</bibRefCitation>
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, under the name
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF29FF02FDFAF83966C7CCFF" authorityName="Santos Dias" authorityYear="1954" box="[618,900,1950,1976]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muhsami">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF29FF02FDFAF83966C7CCFF" box="[618,900,1950,1976]" italics="true" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">Haemaphysalis muhsami</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF29FF02FC06F839669DCCFF" box="[918,990,1950,1976]" italics="true" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">lapsus</emphasis>
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for
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF29FF02FB9FF83961C4CCFF" authorityName="Santos Dias" authorityYear="1954" box="[1039,1159,1950,1976]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muhsamae">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF29FF02FB9FF83961C4CCFF" box="[1039,1159,1950,1976]" italics="true" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">muhsamae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), as explained in
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF29FF02FAC2F839646FCC9A" author="Santos Dias, J. A. T." pageId="192" pageNumber="193" pagination="87 - 108" refId="ref243198" refString="Santos Dias, J. A. T. (1958 d) Identificacao de uma segunda forma pequena de carraca africana do grupo leachii [sic]. Haemaphysalis ethiopica n. sp. Mocambique, 88, 87 - 108." type="journal article" year="1958">Santos Dias (1958d)</bibRefCitation>
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, who named this species
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF29FF02FDD8F8656627CC9B" authorityName="Santos Dias" authorityYear="1958" box="[584,868,1986,2012]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ethiopica">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF29FF02FDD8F8656627CC9B" box="[584,868,1986,2012]" italics="true" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">Haemaphysalis ethiopica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; see also note below
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF28FF03FF07FF306494CBF6" blockId="193.[151,1437,151,1041]" box="[151,471,151,177]" pageId="193" pageNumber="194">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF28FF03FF07FF3065F0CBF6" bold="true" box="[151,179,151,177]" pageId="193" pageNumber="194">L:</emphasis>
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unknown; see note below
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF28FF03FF07FF1D640BCB93" blockId="193.[151,1437,151,1041]" box="[151,328,186,212]" pageId="193" pageNumber="194">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF28FF03FF07FF1D640BCB93" bold="true" box="[151,328,186,212]" pageId="193" pageNumber="194">Redescriptions</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF28FF03FF07FF7864DFCBBD" blockId="193.[151,1437,151,1041]" box="[151,412,223,250]" pageId="193" pageNumber="194">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF28FF03FF07FF7865F8CBBE" bold="true" box="[151,187,223,249]" pageId="193" pageNumber="194">M:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF28FF03FF52FF7864DFCBBD" author="Hoogstraal, H." box="[194,412,223,250]" pageId="193" pageNumber="194" pagination="786 - 791" refId="ref208246" refString="Hoogstraal, H. (1964 b) Notes on African Haemaphysalis Ticks. VI. H. spinulosa Neumann, and its relation to biological and nomenclatorial problems in the H. leachii group of Africa and Asia (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 50, 786 - 791. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3276202" type="journal article" year="1964">Hoogstraal (1964b)</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF28FF03FF07FEA467ADCA59" blockId="193.[151,1437,151,1041]" box="[151,750,258,286]" pageId="193" pageNumber="194">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF28FF03FF07FEA465F1CA5A" bold="true" box="[151,178,259,285]" pageId="193" pageNumber="194">F:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF28FF03FF29FEA46744CA5A" author="Nuttall, G. H. F. & Warburton, C." box="[185,519,258,285]" pageId="193" pageNumber="194" pagination="349 - 550" refId="ref234861" refString="Nuttall, G. H. F. & Warburton, C. (1915) Ticks. A monograph of the Ixodoidea. Part III. The genus Haemaphysalis. Cambridge University Press, London, pp. 349 - 550." type="book chapter" year="1915">Nuttall and Warburton (1915)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF28FF03FD83FEA467ADCA59" author="Hoogstraal, H." box="[531,750,259,286]" pageId="193" pageNumber="194" pagination="786 - 791" refId="ref208246" refString="Hoogstraal, H. (1964 b) Notes on African Haemaphysalis Ticks. VI. H. spinulosa Neumann, and its relation to biological and nomenclatorial problems in the H. leachii group of Africa and Asia (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 50, 786 - 791. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3276202" type="journal article" year="1964">Hoogstraal (1964b)</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF28FF03FF07FE8065B1CA06" blockId="193.[151,1437,151,1041]" box="[151,242,295,321]" pageId="193" pageNumber="194">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF28FF03FF07FE8065F6CA06" bold="true" box="[151,181,295,321]" pageId="193" pageNumber="194">N:</emphasis>
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none
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF28FF03FF07FEEC6489CF56" blockId="193.[151,1437,151,1041]" pageId="193" pageNumber="194">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF28FF03FF07FEEC659BCA22" bold="true" box="[151,216,331,357]" pageId="193" pageNumber="194">Note:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF28FF03FF72FEEC6741CA22" authorityName="in Matthysse and Colbo" authorityYear="1987" box="[226,514,331,357]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="193" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinulosa">
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF28FF03FF72FEEC6741CA22" box="[226,514,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="193" pageNumber="194">Haemaphysalis spinulosa</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is a species that needs revision, along with related taxa.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF28FF03FB03FEEC6033CA22" author="Horak, I. G. & Heyne, H. & Williams, R. & Gallivan, G. J. & Spickett, A. & Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A." box="[1171,1392,331,357]" pageId="193" pageNumber="194" refId="ref214046" refString="Horak, I. G., Heyne, H., Williams, R., Gallivan, G. J., Spickett, A., Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A. (2018) The ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of southern Africa. Springer, Cham, 676 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 70642 - 9" type="book" year="2018">
|
|
Horak
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF28FF03FB72FEEC605FCA22" box="[1250,1308,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="193" pageNumber="194">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2018)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
explained that
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF28FF03FEB6FEC86740CACD" author="Hoogstraal, H." box="[294,515,367,394]" pageId="193" pageNumber="194" pagination="786 - 791" refId="ref208246" refString="Hoogstraal, H. (1964 b) Notes on African Haemaphysalis Ticks. VI. H. spinulosa Neumann, and its relation to biological and nomenclatorial problems in the H. leachii group of Africa and Asia (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 50, 786 - 791. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3276202" type="journal article" year="1964">Hoogstraal (1964b)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF28FF03FDAEFEC866C0CACE" author="Hussein, H. S. & Mustafa, B. E." box="[574,899,367,393]" pageId="193" pageNumber="194" pagination="405 - 412" refId="ref215610" refString="Hussein, H. S. & Mustafa, B. E. (1983) Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) spinulosa Neumann, 1906: description of immature stages, adult structural variations, and notes on biology (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 69, 405 - 412. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3281245" type="journal article" year="1983">Hussein and Mustafa (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
described adults of different species under the name
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF28FF03FF4BFE3464B9CAEA" authorityName="in Matthysse and Colbo" authorityYear="1987" box="[219,506,403,429]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="193" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinulosa">
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF28FF03FF4BFE3464B9CAEA" box="[219,506,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="193" pageNumber="194">Haemaphysalis spinulosa</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and Hoogstraal inadvertently supported the erroneous name usage in
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF28FF03FA82FE34640ACA96" author="Hussein, H. S. & Mustafa, B. E." pageId="193" pageNumber="194" pagination="405 - 412" refId="ref215610" refString="Hussein, H. S. & Mustafa, B. E. (1983) Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) spinulosa Neumann, 1906: description of immature stages, adult structural variations, and notes on biology (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 69, 405 - 412. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3281245" type="journal article" year="1983">Hussein and Mustafa (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
; conversely, the larva and nymph described by the latter authors do not belong to this species. The study of
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF28FF03FF6DFE7C6702CAB2" author="Hussein, H. S. & Mustafa, B. E." box="[253,577,475,501]" pageId="193" pageNumber="194" pagination="405 - 412" refId="ref215610" refString="Hussein, H. S. & Mustafa, B. E. (1983) Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) spinulosa Neumann, 1906: description of immature stages, adult structural variations, and notes on biology (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 69, 405 - 412. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3281245" type="journal article" year="1983">Hussein and Mustafa (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and the redescription of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF28FF03FCF2FE7C65A7C95E" authority="in Matthysse and Colbo (1987)" authorityName="in Matthysse and Colbo" authorityYear="1987" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="193" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinulosa">
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF28FF03FCF2FE7C61C1CAB2" box="[866,1154,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="193" pageNumber="194">Haemaphysalis spinulosa</emphasis>
|
|
in
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF28FF03FB3AFE7C65A7C95E" author="Matthysse, J. G. & Colbo, M. H." pageId="193" pageNumber="194" refId="ref229829" refString="Matthysse, J. G. & Colbo, M. H. (1987) The ixodid ticks of Uganda. Entomological Society of America, College, Park, Maryland, 426 pp." type="book" year="1987">Matthysse and Colbo (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, based on
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF28FF03FEF3FE5867EFC95E" author="Hussein, H. S. & Mustafa, B. E." box="[355,684,511,537]" pageId="193" pageNumber="194" pagination="405 - 412" refId="ref215610" refString="Hussein, H. S. & Mustafa, B. E. (1983) Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) spinulosa Neumann, 1906: description of immature stages, adult structural variations, and notes on biology (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 69, 405 - 412. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3281245" type="journal article" year="1983">Hussein and Mustafa (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, are therefore not included in the above lists. Guglielmone
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF28FF03FAF1FE5860DEC95E" box="[1377,1437,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="193" pageNumber="194">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2014) state that all parasitic stages of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF28FF03FDC3FD846630C97A" authorityName="in Matthysse and Colbo" authorityYear="1987" box="[595,883,547,573]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="193" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinulosa">
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF28FF03FDC3FD846630C97A" box="[595,883,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="193" pageNumber="194">Haemaphysalis spinulosa</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
have been described, but there is no convincing description of the larva.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF28FF03FE37FDE0673EC926" author="Horak, I. G. & Heyne, H. & Williams, R. & Gallivan, G. J. & Spickett, A. & Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A." box="[423,637,583,609]" pageId="193" pageNumber="194" refId="ref214046" refString="Horak, I. G., Heyne, H., Williams, R., Gallivan, G. J., Spickett, A., Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A. (2018) The ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of southern Africa. Springer, Cham, 676 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 70642 - 9" type="book" year="2018">
|
|
Horak
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF28FF03FE64FDE0676FC926" box="[500,556,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="193" pageNumber="194">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2018)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
named specimens found in southern Africa that probably belong to this species
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF28FF03FF7FFDCC6754C9C2" box="[239,535,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="193" pageNumber="194">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF28FF03FF7FFDCC64DFC9C2" box="[239,412,619,645]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="193" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Haemaphysalis</taxonomicName>
|
|
spinulosa-
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
like. These authors also explained that there are five species of the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF28FF03FA91FDCC65BFC9EE" baseAuthorityName="Audouin" baseAuthorityYear="1826" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="193" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leachi">
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF28FF03FA91FDCC65BFC9EE" italics="true" pageId="193" pageNumber="194">Haemaphysalis leachi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
group in southern Africa, namely:
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF28FF03FD11FD28669BC9EE" authorityName="Apanaskevich and Horak" authorityYear="2008" box="[641,984,655,681]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="193" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colesbergensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF28FF03FD11FD28669BC9EE" box="[641,984,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="193" pageNumber="194">Haemaphysalis colesbergensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF28FF03FC75FD2861B7C9EE" baseAuthorityName="Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[997,1268,655,681]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="193" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elliptica">
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF28FF03FC75FD2861B7C9EE" box="[997,1268,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="193" pageNumber="194">Haemaphysalis elliptica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF28FF03FA91FD28644EC98A" authorityName="Hoogstraal" authorityYear="1972" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="193" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pedetes">
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF28FF03FA91FD28644EC98A" italics="true" pageId="193" pageNumber="194">Haemaphysalis pedetes</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF28FF03FE8CFD14675FC98B" authorityName="Hoogstraal and El Kammah" authorityYear="1974" box="[284,540,691,717]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="193" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zumpti">
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF28FF03FE8CFD14675FC98B" box="[284,540,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="193" pageNumber="194">Haemaphysalis zumpti</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF28FF03FDC3FD146630C98A" authorityName="in Matthysse and Colbo" authorityYear="1987" box="[595,883,691,717]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="193" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinulosa">
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF28FF03FDC3FD146630C98A" box="[595,883,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="193" pageNumber="194">Haemaphysalis spinulosa</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
called
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF28FF03FC56FD146178C98A" box="[966,1083,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="193" pageNumber="194">spinulosa-</emphasis>
|
|
like, adding that morphological differentiation of adults of these species is difficult, and extremely arduous for larvae and nymphs.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF28FF03FA98FD70644AC852" author="Tomlinson, J. A. & Horak, I. G. & Apanaskevich, D. M." pageId="193" pageNumber="194" pagination="673 - 691" refId="ref251176" refString="Tomlinson, J. A., Horak, I. G. & Apanaskevich, D. M. (2018) Identity of Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) muhsamae Santos Dias, 1954 (Acari: Ixodidae) and H. (R.) subterra Hoogstraal, El Kammah & Camicas, 1992, parasites of carnivores and rodents in eastern and southern Africa. Systematic Parasitology, 95, 673 - 691. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11230 - 018 - 9809 - x" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
|
Tomlinson
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF28FF03FA18FD7065F7C852" italics="true" pageId="193" pageNumber="194">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2018)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
state that
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF28FF03FE13FD5C67E6C852" authorityName="in Matthysse and Colbo" authorityYear="1987" box="[387,677,763,789]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="193" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinulosa">
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF28FF03FE13FD5C67E6C852" box="[387,677,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="193" pageNumber="194">Haemaphysalis spinulosa</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
can only be recognized from the
|
|
<typeStatus id="97558860FF28FF03FBA0FD5C6123C852" box="[1072,1120,763,789]" pageId="193" pageNumber="194">type</typeStatus>
|
|
female described in
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF28FF03FAC5FD5C647AC87D" author="Hoogstraal, H." pageId="193" pageNumber="194" pagination="786 - 791" refId="ref208246" refString="Hoogstraal, H. (1964 b) Notes on African Haemaphysalis Ticks. VI. H. spinulosa Neumann, and its relation to biological and nomenclatorial problems in the H. leachii group of Africa and Asia (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 50, 786 - 791. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3276202" type="journal article" year="1964">Hoogstraal (1964b)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
. Additionally,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF28FF03FE4FFCB867AEC87E" author="Tomlinson, J. A. & Horak, I. G. & Apanaskevich, D. M." box="[479,749,799,825]" pageId="193" pageNumber="194" pagination="673 - 691" refId="ref251176" refString="Tomlinson, J. A., Horak, I. G. & Apanaskevich, D. M. (2018) Identity of Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) muhsamae Santos Dias, 1954 (Acari: Ixodidae) and H. (R.) subterra Hoogstraal, El Kammah & Camicas, 1992, parasites of carnivores and rodents in eastern and southern Africa. Systematic Parasitology, 95, 673 - 691. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11230 - 018 - 9809 - x" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
|
Tomlinson
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF28FF03FDF0FCB867D9C87E" box="[608,666,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="193" pageNumber="194">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2018)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
studied tick samples identified as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF28FF03FBEBFCB860DFC87E" authorityName="in Matthysse and Colbo" authorityYear="1987" box="[1147,1436,799,825]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="193" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinulosa">
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF28FF03FBEBFCB860DFC87E" box="[1147,1436,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="193" pageNumber="194">Haemaphysalis spinulosa</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in museum collections but were unable to find valid specimens of this taxon, concluding that misidentified and undescribed species are included under the name
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF28FF03FD59FCC066B2C8C6" box="[713,1009,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="193" pageNumber="194">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF28FF03FD59FCC066AEC8C6" authorityName="in Matthysse and Colbo" authorityYear="1987" box="[713,1005,871,897]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="193" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinulosa">Haemaphysalis spinulosa</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Four of these previously unidentified species have been described by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF28FF03FE68FC2C66D4C8E2" author="Apanaskevich, D. A. & Tomlinson, J. A." box="[504,919,907,933]" pageId="193" pageNumber="194" pagination="625 - 657" refId="ref181120" refString="Apanaskevich, D. A. & Tomlinson, J. A. (2019) Description of four new species of Haemaphysalis Koch, 1844 (Acarina: Ixodidae) from the H. spinulosa (Rhipistoma) subgroup, parasites of carnivores and rodents in Africa. Systematic Parasitology, 96, 625 - 657. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11230 - 019 - 09875 - 7" type="journal article" year="2019">Apanaskevich and Tomlinson (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
. Given this uncertain situation, all the descriptions and redescriptions above should be considered provisionally valid, and elucidation of the systematic status of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF28FF03FF07FC7464F4C8AA" authorityName="in Matthysse and Colbo" authorityYear="1987" box="[151,439,979,1005]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="193" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinulosa">
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF28FF03FF07FC7464F4C8AA" box="[151,439,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="193" pageNumber="194">Haemaphysalis spinulosa</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
will require additional research, including mobilization of molecular methods.
|
|
<collectingRegion id="8A2AF820FF28FF03FAAEFC746025C8AA" box="[1342,1382,979,1005]" country="South Sudan" name="Lakes" pageId="193" pageNumber="194">See</collectingRegion>
|
|
also
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF28FF03FF07FC506489CF56" box="[151,458,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="193" pageNumber="194">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF28FF03FF07FC506485CF56" authorityName="Santos Dias" authorityYear="1954" box="[151,454,1015,1041]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="193" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muhsamae">Haemaphysalis muhsamae</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |