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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.658.9738" ID-GBIF-Dataset="57c84dd6-3812-40a8-88ef-7ca54449965c" ID-PMC="PMC5397758" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-658-63" ID-PubMed="28435384" ID-ZBK="5064C2E7DE2744DCB520167E941B7C10" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-658-63" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 658" ModsDocTitle="Two new species of Tipula (Vestiplex) from Southern China based on morphological and molecular data, with redescription of Tipula (Vestiplex) bicalcarata (Diptera, Tipulidae, Tipulinae)" checkinTime="1487846619104" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Men, Qiu-Lei, Young, Chen W., Starkevich, Pavel, Yu, Yong-Fu &amp; Lei, Xiao-Ping" docDate="2017" docId="A038E9F1D5CF4DA601091ED849AFFDBB" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 658: 63-80" docOrigin="ZooKeys 658" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.658.9738" docTitle="Tipula (Vestiplex) maoershanensis Men &amp; Young, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="9E2254C1-0F95-4CBA-994E-2649C913FF72" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="71" masterDocId="FFDF044D6460FF89FF8EFFCAFFDDFFB5" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Tipula (Vestiplex) from Southern China based on morphological and molecular data, with redescription of Tipula (Vestiplex) bicalcarata (Diptera, Tipulidae, Tipulinae)" masterLastPageNumber="80" masterPageNumber="63" pageNumber="68" updateTime="1668164261423" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Two new species of Tipula (Vestiplex) from Southern China based on morphological and molecular data, with redescription of Tipula (Vestiplex) bicalcarata (Diptera, Tipulidae, Tipulinae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Men, Qiu-Lei</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Young, Chen W.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Starkevich, Pavel</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Yu, Yong-Fu</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lei, Xiao-Ping</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>658</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>63</mods:start>
<mods:end>80</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.658.9738</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.658.9738</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-658-63</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">5064C2E7DE2744DCB520167E941B7C10</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">5064C2E7DE2744DCB520167E941B7C10</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127858759" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9E2254C1-0F95-4CBA-994E-2649C913FF72" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A038E9F1D5CF4DA601091ED849AFFDBB" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="68" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="68">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/9E2254C1-0F95-4CBA-994E-2649C913FF72" authority="Men &amp; Young" class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Tipula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tipula (Vestiplex) maoershanensis" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maoershanensis" subGenus="Vestiplex">Tipula (Vestiplex) maoershanensis Men &amp; Young</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="5" pageNumber="68">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="68" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Whole body generally brownish in coloration (Figs 26-29). Prescutum with median stripe brighter than lateral stripes (Fig. 27). Hypopygium dark brown (Fig. 30). Gonocoxite produced into a long arm, basally broad and gradually narrowed to the apex (Figs 30-31).</paragraph>
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="68">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="68">
Figures 26-37.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Tipula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tipula (Vestiplex) maoershanensis" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maoershanensis" subGenus="Vestiplex">Tipula (Vestiplex) maoershanensis</taxonomicName>
, sp. n. 26 thorax, lateral view 27 thorax, dorsal view 28 head, dorsal view 29 wing 30 hypopygium, lateral view 31 hypopygium, lateral view 32 hypopygium, dorsal view 33 hypopygium, ventral view 34 tergite nine, ventral view 35 inner gonostylus and outer gonostylus 36 sperm pump, lateral view 37 sperm pump, dorsal view. Abbreviation: AIA, anterior immovable apodeme; CA, compressor apodeme; goncx, gonocoxite; i gonst, inner gonostylus; o gonst, outer gonostylus; PIA, posterior immovable apodeme.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Male. Length: Body: 12.0-12.3 mm (excluding antenna, n = 2); Wing: 16.2-16.5 mm (n = 2); Antenna: 3.5-3.7 mm (n = 2).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Head. Rostrum light brown with brownish nasus (Fig. 26). Antenna 13-segmented, bent backward extending to root of wing; scape reddish brown, cylindrical, expanded apically; pedicel reddish-brown, short; flagellum brown, flagellomere subequal in length, basal enlargement black with abundant black verticils, longest ones subequal to length of corresponding flagellomeres. Palpi entirely reddish brown. Vertex without marking (Fig. 28).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Thorax. Generally brown except as noted. Pronotum brown, changed to black medially. Prescutum with three brown stripes, median one darker than laterals (Fig. 27). Scutum with two dark brown markings (Fig. 27). Scutellum with dark median stripe. Postnotum wholly brown. Pleura entirely reddish-brown (Fig. 26). Legs slender, coxae and trochanters brown, femora brown with tip black, tibiae brown with tip black, tarsi black. Halteres with stem brown, knob darker. Wings reddish-brown, cells c and sc darker than ground color; stigma dark brown; Rs suffused with dark brown at origin point; discal cell transparent; several large hyaline areas at cells r, m and a (Fig. 29). Venation: R1+2 entire, discal cell narrow, elongated, petiole of cell m1 distinctly shorter than discal cell (Fig. 29).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="69">
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="69" start="start">Abdomen</pageBreakToken>
. Abdominal tergites reddish-brown with brown lateral stripes, sternites entirely reddish brown. Hypopygium dark brown (Fig. 30). Tergite nine entirely divided into two parts, produced into horn-shaped process in the lateral angle, ventral side of tergite nine with a pair of ear-shaped processes (Figs 32, 34). Gonocoxite extended into long arm, directed caudally, widened at base and narrowed to apex; ventrally, with central band of long black setae (Figs 30-31, 33). Outer gonostylus elongated, thin, generally curled as a tube (Fig. 35). Inner gonostylus produced into black beak, with a finger-shaped, rounded, expanded apically process on dorsal side.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="6" pageNumber="69">
Sperm pump. with compressor apodeme fan-shaped, shallowly emarginated in middle, deeper coloration in median region, suffused by several dark stripes, forming a 65° angle with posterior immovable apodeme (Fig. 37). Posterior immovable apodeme
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="70" start="start">distinctly</pageBreakToken>
shorter than compressor apodeme, gradually narrowed to apex (Fig. 36). Anterior immovable apodeme short, gradually narrowed to apex (Fig. 36). Aedeagus tubular, almost 2.5 times longer than sperm pump, acute apically (Fig. 36).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="70" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="70">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="70">
Holotype male. CHINA: Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Maoershan Mountain,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="25.8">25°48'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="110.416664">110°25'E</geoCoordinate>
, 21 May 2015, Guoxi Xue leg. Paratype. 1 male, same data as holotype.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="70" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="70">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="70">China (Maoershan Mountain, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Fig. 40).</paragraph>
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="70">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="70">Figure 38. Variable sites from mitochondrial COI gene sequence alignment. Numbers arrayed vertically represent the positions of the nucleotides.</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="70">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="70">
Figure 39. Maximum likelihood tree based on COI sequences of new species and some known species of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Tipula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tipula (Vestiplex)" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Vestiplex">Tipula (Vestiplex)</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Tipula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tipula (Pterelachisus)" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pterelachisus">Tipula (Pterelachisus)</taxonomicName>
. Green region represents species of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Tipula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tipula (Pterelachisus)" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pterelachisus">Tipula (Pterelachisus)</taxonomicName>
; red region represents species of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Tipula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tipula (Vestiplex)" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Vestiplex">Tipula (Vestiplex)</taxonomicName>
; yellow region represents new species.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="70">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="70">
Figure 40. Geographic distribution of the species examined:
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Tipula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tipula (Vestiplex) bicalcarata" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicalcarata" subGenus="Vestiplex">Tipula (Vestiplex) bicalcarata</taxonomicName>
(●),
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Tipula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tipula (Vestiplex) leigongshanensis" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leigongshanensis" subGenus="Vestiplex">Tipula (Vestiplex) leigongshanensis</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (),
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Tipula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tipula (Vestiplex) maoershanensis" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maoershanensis" subGenus="Vestiplex">Tipula (Vestiplex) maoershanensis</taxonomicName>
sp. n. ().
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="7" pageNumber="70" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="70">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="7" pageNumber="70">
The new species is placed in subgenus
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Tipula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tipula (Vestiplex)" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Vestiplex">Tipula (Vestiplex)</taxonomicName>
because of its male hypopygium with elongated gonocoxite, which is also supported by the molecular analysis (Fig. 39). The new species is similar to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Tipula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tipula (Vestiplex) coxitalis" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coxitalis" subGenus="Vestiplex">Tipula (Vestiplex) coxitalis</taxonomicName>
Alexander, 1935, in the body color and the structure of gonostylus, it can be easily distinguished from the latter by the gonocoxite not expanded distally (distal end of gonocoxite expanded in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Tipula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tipula (Vestiplex) coxitalis" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coxitalis" subGenus="Vestiplex">Tipula (Vestiplex) coxitalis</taxonomicName>
figs 30, 31 in Alexander, 1935b), by the sternite without a band of long setae on each lateral sides (with such long hair in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Tipula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tipula (Vestiplex) coxitalis" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coxitalis" subGenus="Vestiplex">Tipula (Vestiplex) coxitalis</taxonomicName>
fig. 30 in Alexander, 1935b), by the inner gonostylus with dorsal process distinctly larger than that of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Tipula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tipula (Vestiplex) coxitalis" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coxitalis" subGenus="Vestiplex">Tipula (Vestiplex) coxitalis</taxonomicName>
. Pairwise genetic distance between
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Tipula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tipula (Vestiplex) maoershanensis" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maoershanensis" subGenus="Vestiplex">Tipula (Vestiplex) maoershanensis</taxonomicName>
sp. n. and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Tipula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tipula (Vestiplex) coxitalis" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coxitalis" subGenus="Vestiplex">Tipula (Vestiplex) coxitalis</taxonomicName>
is 0.048 based on the Kimura-2-parameter model, suggesting distinct genetic variation between these two species. Six lower values of pairwise genetic
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="71" start="start">distance</pageBreakToken>
were observed in comparisons to known species (Table 2), which could be taken as indirect evidence. The new species is also similar to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Tipula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tipula (Vestiplex) bicalcarata" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicalcarata" subGenus="Vestiplex">Tipula (Vestiplex) bicalcarata</taxonomicName>
by the body color and the structure of gonocoxite. It can be easily distinguished from the latter by the tergite nine produced into a horn-like process in lateral angle (the tergite nine produced into an ear-shaped process in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Tipula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tipula (Vestiplex) bicalcarata" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicalcarata" subGenus="Vestiplex">Tipula (Vestiplex) bicalcarata</taxonomicName>
, Fig. 8), the dorsal angle of inner gonostylus rounded and expanded apically (the dorsal angle of inner gonostylus gradually narrowed to apex in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Tipula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tipula (Vestiplex) bicalcarata" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicalcarata" subGenus="Vestiplex">Tipula (Vestiplex) bicalcarata</taxonomicName>
, Fig. 11). Pairwise genetic distance between these two species is 0.028 based on the Kimura-2-parameter model. Although the value is relatively low, it is equal to the comparison value of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Tipula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tipula (Pterelachisus) wahlgreni" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wahlgreni" subGenus="Pterelachisus">Tipula (Pterelachisus) wahlgreni</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Tipula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tipula (Pterelachisus) mutila" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mutila" subGenus="Pterelachisus">Tipula (Pterelachisus) mutila</taxonomicName>
, while higher than the comparison value of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Tipula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tipula (Pterelachisus) pseudovariipennis" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudovariipennis" subGenus="Pterelachisus">Tipula (Pterelachisus) pseudovariipennis</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Tipula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tipula (Pterelachisus) varipennis" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varipennis" subGenus="Pterelachisus">Tipula (Pterelachisus) varipennis</taxonomicName>
(0.019).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="71" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="71">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="71">
The specific epithet is a noun
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘maoershan’">'maoershan'</normalizedToken>
with Latin suffix
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘ensis’">'ensis'</normalizedToken>
, referring to the distribution of the new species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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