332 lines
33 KiB
XML
332 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.109.1439" ID-PMC="PMC3118819" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-109-19" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFDE6B4A96644D30FFD8FFEA7F28FFF8" ID-PubMed="21852932" ID-Zenodo-Dep="577024" ModsDocID="1313-2970-109-19" checkinTime="1451250264676" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kaiser, Hinrich, Carvalho, Venancio Lopes, Ceballos, Jester, Freed, Paul, Heacox, Scott, Lester, Barbara, Richards, Stephen J., Trainor, Colin R., Sanchez, Caitlin & O'Shea, Mark" docDate="2011" docId="9FEE08B153975F26F6AD8A68A0D83866" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 109: 19-86" docOrigin="ZooKeys 109" docPubDate="2011-06-20" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.109.1439" docTitle="Sphenomorphus" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="FFDE6B4A96644D30FFD8FFEA7F28FFF8" lastPageNumber="42" masterDocId="FFDE6B4A96644D30FFD8FFEA7F28FFF8" masterDocTitle="The herpetofauna of Timor-Leste: a first report" masterLastPageNumber="86" masterPageNumber="19" pageNumber="40" updateTime="1668151585581" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The herpetofauna of Timor-Leste: a first report</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kaiser, Hinrich</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Victor Valley College, 18422 Bear Valley Road, Victorville, California 92395, USA; and The Foundation for Post-Conflict Development, 245 Park Avenue, 24 th Floor, New York, New York 10167, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">chalcopis@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Carvalho, Venancio Lopes</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade National Timor-Lorosa'e, Faculdade de Ciencias da Educacao, Departamentu da Biologia, Avenida Cidade de Lisboa, Liceu Dr. Francisco Machado, Dili, Timor-Leste</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ceballos, Jester</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Victor Valley College, 18422 Bear Valley Road, Victorville, California 92395, USA; and The Foundation for Post-Conflict Development, 245 Park Avenue, 24 th Floor, New York, New York 10167, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Freed, Paul</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>14149 S. Butte Creek Road, Scotts Mills, Oregon 97375, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Heacox, Scott</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Victor Valley College, 18422 Bear Valley Road, Victorville, California 92395, USA; and The Foundation for Post-Conflict Development, 245 Park Avenue, 24 th Floor, New York, New York 10167, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lester, Barbara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>14149 S. Butte Creek Road, Scotts Mills, Oregon 97375, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Richards, Stephen J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Conservation International, PO Box 1024, Atherton, Queensland 4883, Australia; and Herpetology Department, South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Trainor, Colin R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory 0909, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sanchez, Caitlin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Victor Valley College, 18422 Bear Valley Road, Victorville, California 92395, USA; and The Foundation for Post-Conflict Development, 245 Park Avenue, 24 th Floor, New York, New York 10167, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>O'Shea, Mark</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>West Midland Safari Park, Bewdley, Worcestershire DY 12 1 LF, United Kingdom; and Australian Venom Research Unit, Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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||
<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2011-06-20</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>109</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>19</mods:start>
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<mods:end>86</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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||
<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.109.1439</mods:url>
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||
</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.109.1439</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-109-19</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFDE6B4A96644D30FFD8FFEA7F28FFF8</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">577024</mods:identifier>
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||
</mods:mods>
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||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152029853" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9FEE08B153975F26F6AD8A68A0D83866" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9FEE08B153975F26F6AD8A68A0D83866" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="40" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="40">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName LSID="9FEE08B1-5397-5F26-F6AD-8A68A0D83866" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Sphenomorphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphenomorphus" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sphenomorphus</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Representative examples of the four putative undescribed species of wedge skinks, genus Sphenomorphus. A Sphenomorphus sp. 1 (USNM [CMD 446], SVL 58 mm, TL 150 mm) from Lore, Lautem District B Sphenomorphus sp. 2 (USNM [CMD 364], SVL 66 mm, TL 185 mm) from Maubisse, Ainaro District C Sphenomorphus sp. 3 (USNM [CMD 416], SVL 69 mm, TL 152 mm) from the Meleotegi River near Eraulo, Ermera District D Sphenomorphus sp. 4 (USNM [CMD 415], SVL 42 mm, TL 92 mm) from the same locality as the animal in C Photos by Mark O'Shea." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/15872" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="40" type="common names">
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="40">Common names.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="40">
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(E) Wedge skinks. *(T)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Mamór">Mamor</normalizedToken>
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ai laran (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="mamór">mamor</normalizedToken>
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= skink, ai laran = forest).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="40" type="identification">
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="40">Identification.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="40">
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The genus
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Sphenomorphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">Sphenomorphus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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includes wedge skinks of greatly varying sizes and diverse morphologies. The superficially conservative morphology of these skinks is contradicted by a significant number of differences in the details of scalation and coloration. Beyond a recognition based on color pattern (as is straightforward for the species shown in
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Representative examples of the four putative undescribed species of wedge skinks, genus Sphenomorphus. A Sphenomorphus sp. 1 (USNM [CMD 446], SVL 58 mm, TL 150 mm) from Lore, Lautem District B Sphenomorphus sp. 2 (USNM [CMD 364], SVL 66 mm, TL 185 mm) from Maubisse, Ainaro District C Sphenomorphus sp. 3 (USNM [CMD 416], SVL 69 mm, TL 152 mm) from the Meleotegi River near Eraulo, Ermera District D Sphenomorphus sp. 4 (USNM [CMD 415], SVL 42 mm, TL 92 mm) from the same locality as the animal in C Photos by Mark O'Shea." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/15872" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">Fig. 19D</figureCitation>
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), these forms are difficult to tell apart.
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Sphenomorphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">Sphenomorphus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. 1 [Ca CMD 445] (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Representative examples of the four putative undescribed species of wedge skinks, genus Sphenomorphus. A Sphenomorphus sp. 1 (USNM [CMD 446], SVL 58 mm, TL 150 mm) from Lore, Lautem District B Sphenomorphus sp. 2 (USNM [CMD 364], SVL 66 mm, TL 185 mm) from Maubisse, Ainaro District C Sphenomorphus sp. 3 (USNM [CMD 416], SVL 69 mm, TL 152 mm) from the Meleotegi River near Eraulo, Ermera District D Sphenomorphus sp. 4 (USNM [CMD 415], SVL 42 mm, TL 92 mm) from the same locality as the animal in C Photos by Mark O'Shea." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/15872" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">Fig. 19A</figureCitation>
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) possesses a series of paired dark paravertebral spots running as two lines onto the tail. In both sexes, the ventral coloration is cream, and males possess a black throat.
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Sphenomorphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">Sphenomorphus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. 2 [Ca CMD 356] (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Representative examples of the four putative undescribed species of wedge skinks, genus Sphenomorphus. A Sphenomorphus sp. 1 (USNM [CMD 446], SVL 58 mm, TL 150 mm) from Lore, Lautem District B Sphenomorphus sp. 2 (USNM [CMD 364], SVL 66 mm, TL 185 mm) from Maubisse, Ainaro District C Sphenomorphus sp. 3 (USNM [CMD 416], SVL 69 mm, TL 152 mm) from the Meleotegi River near Eraulo, Ermera District D Sphenomorphus sp. 4 (USNM [CMD 415], SVL 42 mm, TL 92 mm) from the same locality as the animal in C Photos by Mark O'Shea." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/15872" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">Fig. 19B</figureCitation>
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) has a more diverse pattern of spots on its back, including brown, golden, and black spots in a complex arrangement. The throat is not black in males, and in both sexes the venter is yellow.
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Sphenomorphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">Sphenomorphus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. 3 [Ca CMD 415] (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Representative examples of the four putative undescribed species of wedge skinks, genus Sphenomorphus. A Sphenomorphus sp. 1 (USNM [CMD 446], SVL 58 mm, TL 150 mm) from Lore, Lautem District B Sphenomorphus sp. 2 (USNM [CMD 364], SVL 66 mm, TL 185 mm) from Maubisse, Ainaro District C Sphenomorphus sp. 3 (USNM [CMD 416], SVL 69 mm, TL 152 mm) from the Meleotegi River near Eraulo, Ermera District D Sphenomorphus sp. 4 (USNM [CMD 415], SVL 42 mm, TL 92 mm) from the same locality as the animal in C Photos by Mark O'Shea." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/15872" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">Fig. 19C</figureCitation>
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) has a dorsal color pattern that is more uniformly brown, with some transverse golden dorsolateral striping. The venter of both sexes is a dirty cream color.
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Sphenomorphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">Sphenomorphus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. 4 [Ca CMD 416] (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Representative examples of the four putative undescribed species of wedge skinks, genus Sphenomorphus. A Sphenomorphus sp. 1 (USNM [CMD 446], SVL 58 mm, TL 150 mm) from Lore, Lautem District B Sphenomorphus sp. 2 (USNM [CMD 364], SVL 66 mm, TL 185 mm) from Maubisse, Ainaro District C Sphenomorphus sp. 3 (USNM [CMD 416], SVL 69 mm, TL 152 mm) from the Meleotegi River near Eraulo, Ermera District D Sphenomorphus sp. 4 (USNM [CMD 415], SVL 42 mm, TL 92 mm) from the same locality as the animal in C Photos by Mark O'Shea." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/15872" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">Fig. 19D</figureCitation>
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) is easily differentiated from the other forms by its smaller size and by a characteristic black lateral stripe that extends from the eye along the side of the body all the way to the tip of the tail. Its dorsal coloration is more reddish brown than that of the other forms.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="21" pageNumber="40" type="collection and natural history">
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="40">Collection and natural history.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">
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We collected four forms of
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Sphenomorphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">Sphenomorphus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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at three very distinct localities. In the area around Maubisse at altitudes>600 m, we encoun
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<pageBreakToken pageId="22" pageNumber="41" start="start">tered</pageBreakToken>
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a highland form (
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Sphenomorphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="41">Sphenomorphus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. 2;
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Representative examples of the four putative undescribed species of wedge skinks, genus Sphenomorphus. A Sphenomorphus sp. 1 (USNM [CMD 446], SVL 58 mm, TL 150 mm) from Lore, Lautem District B Sphenomorphus sp. 2 (USNM [CMD 364], SVL 66 mm, TL 185 mm) from Maubisse, Ainaro District C Sphenomorphus sp. 3 (USNM [CMD 416], SVL 69 mm, TL 152 mm) from the Meleotegi River near Eraulo, Ermera District D Sphenomorphus sp. 4 (USNM [CMD 415], SVL 42 mm, TL 92 mm) from the same locality as the animal in C Photos by Mark O'Shea." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/15872" pageId="22" pageNumber="41">Fig. 19B</figureCitation>
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) that frequently shared its hiding places with night skinks (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Greer" authorityYear="1979" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Eremiascincus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="41">Eremiascincus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). A worker at a road construction site gave to us one specimen smaller than typical individuals of
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Sphenomorphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="41">Sphenomorphus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. 2 but of a very similar morphology. That lizard was already injured from rough handling and expired shortly after we received it. Based on the surrounding vegetation, the altitude (>600 m), and several morphological features, we refer this specimen to
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Sphenomorphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="41">Sphenomorphus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. 2 pending the collection of additional specimens and a more thorough analysis. There is superficial resemblance of
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Sphenomorphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="41">Sphenomorphus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. 2 to
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1867" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Sphenomorphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="variegatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="41">Sphenomorphus variegatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Peters 1867), but a further evaluation of museum specimens is necessary to verify any species assignment.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="41">
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At a second highland locality, in the area of Eraulo (Ermera District) on the western side of the Mount Ramelau massif, we found two distinct forms of
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Sphenomorphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="41">Sphenomorphus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. One of these, from the Meleotegi River, is a form with very distinctive dorsal patterning (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Representative examples of the four putative undescribed species of wedge skinks, genus Sphenomorphus. A Sphenomorphus sp. 1 (USNM [CMD 446], SVL 58 mm, TL 150 mm) from Lore, Lautem District B Sphenomorphus sp. 2 (USNM [CMD 364], SVL 66 mm, TL 185 mm) from Maubisse, Ainaro District C Sphenomorphus sp. 3 (USNM [CMD 416], SVL 69 mm, TL 152 mm) from the Meleotegi River near Eraulo, Ermera District D Sphenomorphus sp. 4 (USNM [CMD 415], SVL 42 mm, TL 92 mm) from the same locality as the animal in C Photos by Mark O'Shea." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/15872" pageId="22" pageNumber="41">Fig. 19D</figureCitation>
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). It was discovered while turning over flat rocks at the edge of the river. Based on its morphology we document this form as
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Sphenomorphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="41">Sphenomorphus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. 4. In the adjacent forest and plantation habitats we collected two specimens of
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Sphenomorphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="41">Sphenomorphus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
sp. 3 (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Representative examples of the four putative undescribed species of wedge skinks, genus Sphenomorphus. A Sphenomorphus sp. 1 (USNM [CMD 446], SVL 58 mm, TL 150 mm) from Lore, Lautem District B Sphenomorphus sp. 2 (USNM [CMD 364], SVL 66 mm, TL 185 mm) from Maubisse, Ainaro District C Sphenomorphus sp. 3 (USNM [CMD 416], SVL 69 mm, TL 152 mm) from the Meleotegi River near Eraulo, Ermera District D Sphenomorphus sp. 4 (USNM [CMD 415], SVL 42 mm, TL 92 mm) from the same locality as the animal in C Photos by Mark O'Shea." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/15872" pageId="22" pageNumber="41">Fig. 19C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="22" pageNumber="41">
|
||
The lowland form (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Representative examples of the four putative undescribed species of wedge skinks, genus Sphenomorphus. A Sphenomorphus sp. 1 (USNM [CMD 446], SVL 58 mm, TL 150 mm) from Lore, Lautem District B Sphenomorphus sp. 2 (USNM [CMD 364], SVL 66 mm, TL 185 mm) from Maubisse, Ainaro District C Sphenomorphus sp. 3 (USNM [CMD 416], SVL 69 mm, TL 152 mm) from the Meleotegi River near Eraulo, Ermera District D Sphenomorphus sp. 4 (USNM [CMD 415], SVL 42 mm, TL 92 mm) from the same locality as the animal in C Photos by Mark O'Shea." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/15872" pageId="22" pageNumber="41">Fig. 19A</figureCitation>
|
||
) from the dry coastal forest at
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Loré">Lore</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lautém">Lautem</normalizedToken>
|
||
District) is quite common throughout the habitat. Individuals are most easily found during the daytime on the buttresses and roots of trees or whilst foraging in the leaf litter. This form has strong resemblance to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dunn" authorityYear="1927" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Sphenomorphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="florensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="41">Sphenomorphus florensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Weber, M" journalOrPublisher="EJ Brill, Leiden" pageId="34" pageNumber="53" pagination="159 - 177" refId="B93" refString="Weber, M, 1890. Reptilia from the Malay Archipelago. I. Sauria, Crocodilidae, Chelonia. In: Weber M (Ed) Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in Niederlaendisch Ost-Indien. EJ Brill, Leiden: 159 - 177" title="Reptilia from the Malay Archipelago. I. Sauria, Crocodilidae, Chelonia. In: Weber M (Ed) Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in Niederlaendisch Ost-Indien." year="1890">Weber 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but since that species currently has three subspecies aside from the nominate form (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dunn, ER" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="34" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 13" refId="B33" refString="Dunn, ER, 1927. Results of the Douglas Burden Expedition to the island of Komodo. III. Lizards from the East Indies. American Museum Novitates 288: 1 - 13" title="Results of the Douglas Burden Expedition to the island of Komodo. III. Lizards from the East Indies." volume="288" year="1927">Dunn 1927</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dunn" authorityYear="1927" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Sphenomorphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="florensis" subSpecies="nitidus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="41">Sphenomorphus f. nitidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dunn" authorityYear="1927" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Sphenomorphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="florensis" subSpecies="barbouri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="23" pageNumber="42" start="start">f</pageBreakToken>
|
||
. barbouri
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dunn" authorityYear="1927" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Sphenomorphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="florensis" subSpecies="weberi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="42">Sphenomorphus f. weberi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) additional comparative work is necessary to determine its exact species affinity. It is also possible that the taxonomy is complicated by the possible synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dunn" authorityYear="1927" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Sphenomorphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="florensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="42">Sphenomorphus florensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Sphenomorphusmelanopogon" lsidName="" pageId="23" pageNumber="42" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="42">Sphenomorphusmelanopogon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dumeril, AMC" journalOrPublisher="Librairie Encyclopedique Roret, Paris" pageId="34" pageNumber="53" refId="B30" refString="Dumeril, AMC, Bibron, G, 1839. Erpetologie Generale ou Histoire Naturelle Complete des Reptiles. Vol. 5. Librairie Encyclopedique Roret, Paris, 836 pp." title="Erpetologie Generale ou Histoire Naturelle Complete des Reptiles. Vol. 5." year="1839">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Duméril">Dumeril</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Bibron 1839
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); one of the syntypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Duméril & Bibron" baseAuthorityYear="1839" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Sphenomorphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanopogon">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="42">Sphenomorphus melanopogon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reportedly was collected on Timor. At this time, we prefer to call this form
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Sphenomorphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="42">Sphenomorphus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 1 (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Representative examples of the four putative undescribed species of wedge skinks, genus Sphenomorphus. A Sphenomorphus sp. 1 (USNM [CMD 446], SVL 58 mm, TL 150 mm) from Lore, Lautem District B Sphenomorphus sp. 2 (USNM [CMD 364], SVL 66 mm, TL 185 mm) from Maubisse, Ainaro District C Sphenomorphus sp. 3 (USNM [CMD 416], SVL 69 mm, TL 152 mm) from the Meleotegi River near Eraulo, Ermera District D Sphenomorphus sp. 4 (USNM [CMD 415], SVL 42 mm, TL 92 mm) from the same locality as the animal in C Photos by Mark O'Shea." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/15872" pageId="23" pageNumber="42">Fig. 19A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="42" type="taxonomic comments">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="42">Taxonomic comments.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="42">
|
||
In her seminal work on the reptiles of the Indo-Australian region, Nelly
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Rooij, N" journalOrPublisher="EJ Brill Ltd., Leiden" pageId="34" pageNumber="53" refId="B26" refString="de Rooij, N, 1915. The Reptiles of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. I. Lacertilia, Chelonia, Emydosauria. EJ Brill Ltd., Leiden, 384 pp." title="The Reptiles of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. I. Lacertilia, Chelonia, Emydosauria." year="1915">de Rooij (1915)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided species accounts for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="florense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="42">Lygosoma florense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="variegatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="42">Lygosoma variegatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, having examined specimens of only the latterfrom Timor. Based on our own examination of various type specimens, the Lesser Sunda species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Sphenomorphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="42">Sphenomorphus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
require careful additional investigation in order to confirm their species status and distribution. A revision of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dunn" authorityYear="1927" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Sphenomorphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="florensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="42">Sphenomorphus florensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is currently being conducted by Glenn Shea (in litt.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/15872" pageId="23" pageNumber="42" start="Figure 19" startId="F19">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="42">Figure 19.</emphasis>
|
||
Representative examples of the four putative undescribed species of wedge skinks, genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Sphenomorphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="42">Sphenomorphus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="42">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Sphenomorphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="42">Sphenomorphus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 1 (USNM [CMD 446], SVL 58 mm, TL 150 mm) from
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Loré">Lore</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Lautem District
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="42">B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Sphenomorphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="42">Sphenomorphus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 2 (USNM [CMD 364], SVL 66 mm, TL 185 mm) from Maubisse, Ainaro District
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="42">C</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Sphenomorphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="42">Sphenomorphus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 3 (USNM [CMD 416], SVL 69 mm, TL 152 mm) from the Meleotegi River near Eraulo, Ermera District
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="42">D</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Sphenomorphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="42">Sphenomorphus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 4 (USNM [CMD 415], SVL 42 mm, TL 92 mm) from the same locality as the animal in
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="42">C</emphasis>
|
||
Photos by Mark
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="O’Shea">O'Shea</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |