140 lines
14 KiB
XML
140 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e8151" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828--8151" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1314-2828--e8151" ModsDocOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal " ModsDocTitle="Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Braconidae" checkinTime="1553126227509" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Broad, Gavin R., Shaw, Mark R. & Godfray, H. Charles J." docDate="2016" docId="9064D99D43DFB7F08E9E388710F67C83" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 4: e8151" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 4" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e8151" docTitle="Dacnusini Foerster 1863" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="8151" masterDocId="FF80FFE6F029FFE45721D6221629FFE3" masterDocTitle="Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Braconidae" masterLastPageNumber="8151" masterPageNumber="8151" pageNumber="8151" updateTime="1618528931417" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Braconidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Broad, Gavin R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Shaw, Mark R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Godfray, H. Charles J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Biodiversity Data Journal</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>4</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>8151</mods:start>
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<mods:end>8151</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e8151</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e8151</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2828--8151</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9064D99D43DFB7F08E9E388710F67C83" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9064D99D43DFB7F08E9E388710F67C83" lastPageNumber="8151" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="8151">
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<taxonomicName authority="Foerster, 1863" authorityName="Foerster" authorityYear="1863" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" rank="tribe" tribe="Dacnusini">
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Dacnusini
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Förster">Foerster</normalizedToken>
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, 1863
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="8151">Notes</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="8151">
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The classification of the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" rank="tribe" tribe="Dacnusini">Dacnusini</taxonomicName>
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was revised by Griffiths (
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<bibRefCitation author="Griffiths, G. C. D." journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" pagination="823 - 914" title="The Alysiinae (Hym. Braconidae) parasites of the Agromyzidae (Diptera). I. General questions of taxonomy, biology and evolution" volume="14" year="1964">Griffiths 1964</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Griffiths, G. C. D." journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" pagination="653 - 696" title="The Alysiinae (Hym. Braconidae) parasites of the Agromyzidae (Diptera) IV. The parasites of Hexomyza Enderlein, Melanagromyza Hendel, Ophiomyia Braschnikov and Napomyza Westwood" volume="17" year="1967">Griffiths 1967a</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Griffiths, G. C. D." journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" pagination="551 - 605" title="The Alysiinae (Hym. Braconidae) parasites of the Agromyzidae (Diptera) II. The parasites of Agromyza Fallen" volume="16 (1966)" year="1967">Griffiths 1967b</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Griffiths, G. C. D." journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" pagination="775 - 951" title="The Alysiinae (Hym. Braconidae) parasites of the Agromyzidae (Diptera) III. The parasites of Paraphytomyza Enderlein, Phytagromyza Hendel, and Phytomyza Fallen" volume="16 (1966)" year="1967">Griffiths 1967c</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Griffiths, G. C. D." journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" pagination="5 - 62" title="The Alysiinae (Hym. Braconidae) parasites of the Agromyzidae (Diptera) V. The parasites of Liriomyza Mik and certain small genera of Phytomyzinae" volume="18" year="1968">Griffiths 1968a</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Griffiths, G. C. D." journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" pagination="63 - 152" title="The Alysiinae (Hym. Braconidae) parasites of the Agromyzidae (Diptera) VI. The parasites of Cerodontha Rondani s. l" volume="18" year="1968">Griffiths 1968b</bibRefCitation>
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) in a pioneering treatment that was one of the first applications of explicit phylogenetic methods in taxonomy. It was also unusual in being based on extensive reared material.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Griffiths’">Griffiths'</normalizedToken>
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classification is followed here although one of the consequences of his strict adherence to phylogenetic principles is that
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Chorebus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chorebus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chorebus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Dacnusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dacnusa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dacnusa</taxonomicName>
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are very large genera. Also, as Griffiths realised, the definition of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Exotela" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Exotela" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Exotela</taxonomicName>
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is unsatisfactory as it lacks clear apomorphic characters. This group of insects had previously been revised by Nixon (
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<bibRefCitation author="Nixon, G. E. J." journalOrPublisher="Entomologist's Monthly Magazine" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" pagination="20 - 34" title="A revision of the European Dacnusini (Hym., Braconidae, Dacnusinae)" volume="79" year="1943">Nixon 1943</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Nixon, G. E. J." journalOrPublisher="Entomologist's Monthly Magazine" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" pagination="88 - 108" title="A revision of the European Dacnusini (Hym., Braconidae, Dacnusinae)" volume="80" year="1944">Nixon 1944</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Nixon, G. E. J." journalOrPublisher="Entomologist's Monthly Magazine" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" pagination="189 - 204" title="A revision of the European Dacnusini (Hym., Braconidae, Dacnusinae)" volume="81" year="1945">Nixon 1945</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Nixon, G. E. J." journalOrPublisher="Entomologist's Monthly Magazine" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" pagination="279 - 300" title="A revision of the European Dacnusini (Hym., Braconidae, Dacnusinae)" volume="82" year="1946">Nixon 1946</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Nixon, G. E. J." journalOrPublisher="Entomologist's Monthly Magazine" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" pagination="207 - 224" title="A revision of the European Dacnusini (Hym., Braconidae, Dacnusinae)" volume="84" year="1948">Nixon 1948</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Nixon, G. E. J." journalOrPublisher="Entomologist's Monthly Magazine" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" pagination="289 - 298" title="A revision of the European Dacnusini (Hym., Braconidae, Dacnusinae)" volume="85" year="1949">Nixon 1949</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Nixon, G. E. J." journalOrPublisher="Entomologist's Monthly Magazine" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" pagination="257 - 290" title="A revision of the European Dacnusini (Hym., Braconidae, Dacnusinae)" volume="90" year="1954">Nixon 1954</bibRefCitation>
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), who recognised a greater number of genera, and some authors (
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<bibRefCitation author="Tobias, V. I." journalOrPublisher="Nauka Publisher, Leningrad [English translation published in in 1995, Science Publishers, Inc., New Hampshire, USA]" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" title="[Keys to the Insects of the European Part of the USSR. Volume III Hymenoptera. Part IV.]" year="1986">Tobias 1986</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Tobias, V. I." editor="Ler, P. A." journalOrPublisher="Vladivostok" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" title="[Key to the insects of Russian Far East. Vol. 4. Neuropteroidea, Mecoptera, Hymenoptera. Pt 3.] (in Russian)" year="1998">Tobias 1998</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Perepechayenko, V. L." journalOrPublisher="Izvestiya Kharkovskogo Entomologitchestogo Obshchestva" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" pagination="57 - 79" title="[Review of genera of the tribe Dacnusini (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Alysiinae) of Palaearctic region] (in Russian)" volume="8" year="2000">Perepechayenko 2000</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, M." journalOrPublisher="Florida Entomologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" pagination="306 - 311" title="A new species of Antrusa and three new species of Chorebus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from the Iberian Peninsula" volume="87" year="2004">Fischer et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
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) have resurrected
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Nixon’s">Nixon's</normalizedToken>
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genera or used them as subgenera. This seems a retrograde step given
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Griffiths’">Griffiths'</normalizedToken>
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clear statements of phylogenetic hypotheses and is not used here. In both
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Chorebus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chorebus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chorebus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Dacnusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dacnusa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dacnusa</taxonomicName>
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, Griffiths defined a series of species groups that with further research should form the basis of better classifications of these genera.
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<bibRefCitation author="Griffiths, G. C. D." journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" pagination="823 - 914" title="The Alysiinae (Hym. Braconidae) parasites of the Agromyzidae (Diptera). I. General questions of taxonomy, biology and evolution" volume="14" year="1964">Griffiths (1964)</bibRefCitation>
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gives a key to genera and
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<bibRefCitation author="Wharton, R. A." editor="Wharton, R. A." journalOrPublisher="International Society of Hymenopterists, Special Publication No. 1" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" title="Manual of the New World genera of the family Braconidae (Hymenoptera)" year="1997">Wharton (1997)</bibRefCitation>
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is also very helpful. The
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Coelinius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coelinius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Coelinius</taxonomicName>
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genus group (
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Coelinius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coelinius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Coelinius</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Trachionus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trachionus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Trachionus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Epimicta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epimicta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epimicta</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aristelix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aristelix" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aristelix</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Laotris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laotris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Laotris</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Sarops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarops" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sarops</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Synelix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synelix" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Synelix</taxonomicName>
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) is generally agreed to be monophyletic and was not revised at species level by Nixon or Griffiths. Distribution data from
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Griffiths’">Griffiths'</normalizedToken>
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and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Nixon’s">Nixon's</normalizedToken>
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revisions (loc. cit.) and NMS.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |