239 lines
19 KiB
XML
239 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.577.7848" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fd5e3adf-59ee-4d6a-aac9-d45e67265854" ID-PMC="PMC4829884" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-577-55" ID-PubMed="27110189" ID-ZBK="34C2B2EAC1F0454BBE9B3BBEBBAAA601" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-577-55" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 577" ModsDocTitle="An unexpected new species of the genus Pseudopoda (Araneae, Sparassidae, Heteropodinae) from the Western Ghats in India" checkinTime="1459884588821" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Jaeger, Peter & Kulkarni, Siddharth" docDate="2016" docId="7725186B63BA736A1A0E6FEE75408A76" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 577: 55-62" docOrigin="ZooKeys 577" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.577.7848" docTitle="Pseudopoda ashcharya Jaeger & Kulkarni, 2016, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="173F36B2-BC0B-4656-901B-29D79680A268" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="59" masterDocId="FF835A35FFC9FFCCFFE9FFB5FFACFFF2" masterDocTitle="An unexpected new species of the genus Pseudopoda (Araneae, Sparassidae, Heteropodinae) from the Western Ghats in India" masterLastPageNumber="62" masterPageNumber="55" pageNumber="56" updateTime="1668162918592" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>An unexpected new species of the genus Pseudopoda (Araneae, Sparassidae, Heteropodinae) from the Western Ghats in India</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Jaeger, Peter</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kulkarni, Siddharth</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>577</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>55</mods:start>
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<mods:end>62</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.577.7848</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.577.7848</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-577-55</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">34C2B2EAC1F0454BBE9B3BBEBBAAA601</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">34C2B2EAC1F0454BBE9B3BBEBBAAA601</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127875105" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:173F36B2-BC0B-4656-901B-29D79680A268" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7725186B63BA736A1A0E6FEE75408A76" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="56" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Taxon classification Animalia Araneae Sparassidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="56" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/173F36B2-BC0B-4656-901B-29D79680A268" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Pseudopoda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopoda ashcharya" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ashcharya">Pseudopoda ashcharya</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="56">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 1-9, 10-17, 18
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
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<typeStatus pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Holotype</typeStatus>
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male, India, Maharashtra State, Devrukh,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="17.068">17.068°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="73.626">73.626°E</geoCoordinate>
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[180 m elevation], leaf litter, 30 August 2013, PJ 3630, SD 1221 (SMF).
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<typeStatus pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="57" start="start">Paratypes</pageBreakToken>
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</typeStatus>
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: 1 female, India, Maharashtra State, Guravwadi,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="16.876">16.876°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="73.645">73.645°E</geoCoordinate>
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[100 m elevation], leaf litter, 2 September 2013, PJ 3631, SD 1222 (SMF). 1 male, India, Maharashtra State, Guravwadi,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="16.876">16.876°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="73.645">73.645°E</geoCoordinate>
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[100 m elevation], leaf litter, S. Kulkarni leg., by hand, 15 August 2015, Sp. 316 (BNHS).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="57" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
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The species name is taken from the Hindi,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“ashcharya”">"ashcharya"</normalizedToken>
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meaning
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“surprise”">"surprise"</normalizedToken>
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, referring to the unexpected occurrence of the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Pseudopoda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopoda" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudopoda</taxonomicName>
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in the Western Ghats, more than 1400 km away from the closest congener; term in apposition.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="57" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
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Small
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Heteropodinae">Heteropodinae</taxonomicName>
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, body length male 8. 4, female 8. 3. Males similar to those of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Pseudopoda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopoda" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudopoda</taxonomicName>
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species described in
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<bibRefCitation author="Jaeger, P" journalOrPublisher="Arachnology" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" pagination="333 - 350" title="Conductor-less and vertically niched: new species of the genus Pseudopoda (Araneae: Sparassidae: Heteropodinae) from Myanmar." url="10.13156/arac.2015.16.9.333" volume="16" year="2015">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Jäger">Jaeger</normalizedToken>
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(2015)
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Pseudopoda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopoda ohne" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ohne">Pseudopoda ohne</taxonomicName>
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Logunov &
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<bibRefCitation author="Jaeger, P" journalOrPublisher="Arachnology" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" pagination="333 - 350" title="Conductor-less and vertically niched: new species of the genus Pseudopoda (Araneae: Sparassidae: Heteropodinae) from Myanmar." url="10.13156/arac.2015.16.9.333" volume="16" year="2015">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Jäger">Jaeger</normalizedToken>
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2015
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</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Pseudopoda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopoda wu" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wu">Pseudopoda wu</taxonomicName>
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in having the conductor entirely reduced, most similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Pseudopoda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopoda pingu" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pingu">Pseudopoda pingu</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Jaeger, P" journalOrPublisher="Arachnology" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" pagination="333 - 350" title="Conductor-less and vertically niched: new species of the genus Pseudopoda (Araneae: Sparassidae: Heteropodinae) from Myanmar." url="10.13156/arac.2015.16.9.333" volume="16" year="2015">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Jäger">Jaeger</normalizedToken>
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2015
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Pseudopoda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopoda wamwo" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wamwo">Pseudopoda wamwo</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Jaeger, P" journalOrPublisher="Arachnology" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" pagination="333 - 350" title="Conductor-less and vertically niched: new species of the genus Pseudopoda (Araneae: Sparassidae: Heteropodinae) from Myanmar." url="10.13156/arac.2015.16.9.333" volume="16" year="2015">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Jäger">Jaeger</normalizedToken>
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2015
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</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Pseudopoda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopoda martinschuberti" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martinschuberti">Pseudopoda martinschuberti</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Jaeger, P" journalOrPublisher="Arachnology" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" pagination="333 - 350" title="Conductor-less and vertically niched: new species of the genus Pseudopoda (Araneae: Sparassidae: Heteropodinae) from Myanmar." url="10.13156/arac.2015.16.9.333" volume="16" year="2015">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Jäger">Jaeger</normalizedToken>
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2015
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</bibRefCitation>
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in having the embolus roughly sickle-shaped in ventral view, but can be distinguished from these species by the mesal embolic outgrowth (Figs 1-4). Females may be recognised by the medially fused lateral lobes, the unique pointed glandular appendages and by the sublobal pockets (Figs 5-9).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
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Figures 1-9.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Pseudopoda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopoda ashcharya" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ashcharya">Pseudopoda ashcharya</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. from India, copulatory organs of male (1-4
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<typeStatus pageId="2" pageNumber="57">holotype</typeStatus>
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) and female (5-9
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<typeStatus pageId="2" pageNumber="57">paratype</typeStatus>
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). 1-3 Left male palp (1 prolateral 2 ventral 3 retrolateral) 4 Embolus, retrolatero-proximal 5 Epigyne, ventral 6 Vulva, dorsal 7 Schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal 8 Epigyne, posterior 9 Epigyne, lateral. B brush of setae close to embolus tipE embolusFB fusion bubblesFD fertilisation ductFW first winding of internal duct systemGA glandular appendageH hump at base of embolusLL lateral lobeO embolic outgrowthPo sublobal pocketsSp spermophorSO spermophor opening.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
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Male (
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<typeStatus pageId="2" pageNumber="57">holotype</typeStatus>
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). DS length 4.3, width 3.8, anterior width 1.9, OS length 4.1, width 2.1. Eyes: diameters AME 0.22, ALE 0.35, PME 0.27, PLE 0.33; interdistances
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<normalizedToken originalValue="AME–AME">AME-AME</normalizedToken>
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0.14,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="AME–ALE">AME-ALE</normalizedToken>
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0.05,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="PME–PME">PME-PME</normalizedToken>
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0.17,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="PME–PLE">PME-PLE</normalizedToken>
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0.37,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="AME–PME">AME-PME</normalizedToken>
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0.37,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="ALE–PLE">ALE-PLE</normalizedToken>
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0.33, clypeus height at AME 0.49, at ALE 0.40. Spination: palp: 131, 11(small, distal)1, 2101; legs: femur
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–II">I-II</normalizedToken>
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323, III 322, IV 331; patella
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
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101; tibia
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
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2026; metatarsus
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–II">I-II</normalizedToken>
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1014, III 2025, IV 3036. Metatarsus IV ventrally with double row of bristles along entire length and with patch of bristles instead distal spine,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–III">I-III</normalizedToken>
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with scopula, without bristles. Leg formula: 2(14)3. Measurements of palp and legs: palp 6.0 (2.0, 0.8, 1.1., -, 2.1), leg I 19.7 (5.2, 2.1, 5.8, 4.9, 1.7), leg II 20.4 (5.5., 2.1, 6.0, 5.1, 1.7), leg III 15.8 (4.4, 1.7, 4.5, 3.9, 1.3), leg IV 19.7 (5.5, 1.6, 5.2, 5.7, 1.7). Promargin of chelicerae with 3 teeth, retromargin with 4 teeth; cheliceral furrow with ca. 15 denticles in patch close to anterior teeth; chelicerae with 1 bristle close to retromargin of fang base.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
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Palp as in diagnosis (Figs 1-4). Cymbium slender, with dorsal scopula in distal half, retrolateral bulge with small, proximad hump. RTA arising proximally to mesally, vRTA with 2 small pointed apices, dRTA with blunt end. Spermophor running submarginally retrolaterally, narrowing prolaterally when entering the embolus. Embolus arising from 9- to 10-
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<normalizedToken originalValue="o’clock-position">o'clock-position</normalizedToken>
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from tegulum, with small hump at its base centrally, its widened tip situated close to a dense brush of setae at the proximal part of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="cymbium’s">cymbium's</normalizedToken>
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tip.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Colouration (Figs 10-13): Light yellowish brown with brown markings. DS dotted, with narrow dark longitudinal band running from PME to posterior end of fovea and slightly darker lateral margins as well as indistinct submarginal band. Sternum, labium, gnathocoxae and coxae ventrally pale yellowish without pattern. Chelicerae yellowish brown with two distinct longitudinal bands frontally and one indistinct band laterally, in distal half with dots. Legs spotted, femora with additional spine patches. OS dorsally with alternating dark and light bands in anterior half and paired patches in posterior half; laterally spotted; ventrally with dark triangle in front of spinnerets.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
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Figures 10-17.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Pseudopoda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopoda ashcharya" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ashcharya">Pseudopoda ashcharya</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. from India, habitus of male (10-13
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<typeStatus pageId="2" pageNumber="57">holotype</typeStatus>
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) and female (14-17
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<typeStatus pageId="2" pageNumber="57">paratype</typeStatus>
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) (10, 14 dorsal 11, 15 ventral 12, 16 frontal 13, 17 lateral).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="58" start="start">Female</pageBreakToken>
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. DS length 4.0, width 3.4, anterior width 1.9, OS length 4.3, width 2.0. Eyes: diameters AME 0.19, ALE 0.32, PME 0.26, PLE 0.30; interdistances
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<normalizedToken originalValue="AME–AME">AME-AME</normalizedToken>
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0.13,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="AME–ALE">AME-ALE</normalizedToken>
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0.05,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="PME–PME">PME-PME</normalizedToken>
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0.15,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="PME–PLE">PME-PLE</normalizedToken>
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0.35,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="AME–PME">AME-PME</normalizedToken>
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0.33,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="ALE–PLE">ALE-PLE</normalizedToken>
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0.32, clypeus height at AME 0.49, at ALE 0.39. Spination: palp: 131, 101, 2121, 1014; legs: femur
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–III">I-III</normalizedToken>
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323, IV 321; patella I 001,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="III–IV">III-IV</normalizedToken>
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101; tibia
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
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2026; metatarsus
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–II">I-II</normalizedToken>
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1014, III 2025, IV 3036. Metatarsus IV ventrally with double row of bristles along entire length and with patch of bristles instead distal spine,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–III">I-III</normalizedToken>
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with scopula, without bristles. Leg formula: 2413. Measurements of palp and legs: palp 5.4 (1.6, 0.8, 1.2, -, 1.8), leg I 15.4 (4.3, 1.8, 4.2, 3.7, 1.4), leg II 16.5 (4.7, 1.9, 4.5, 4.0, 1.4), leg III 12.7 (3.8, 1.5, 3.2, 3.0, 1.2), leg IV 15.8 (4.6, 1.5, 4.0, 4.2, 1.5). Promargin of chelicerae with 3 teeth, retromargin with 4 teeth; cheliceral furrow with 20-21 denticles in slightly elongated patch close to anterior teeth; chelicerae with 1 bristle close to retromargin of fang base. Palpal claw with 6 teeth.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="59">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="59" start="start">Copulatory</pageBreakToken>
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organ as in diagnosis (Figs 5-9). Epigyne wider than long, epigynal field without distinct anterior bands. Lateral lobes rounded at their posterio-lateral margin, protruding distinctly over epigastric furrow at about half of their length, with pockets between lateral parts and epigastric furrow; fused along the median line with indistinct external ledges and internal "fusion bubbles" (
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<bibRefCitation author="Jaeger, P" journalOrPublisher="African Invertebrates" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" pagination="365 - 392" title="May gen. nov. (Araneae: Sparassidae): a unique lineage from southern Africa supported by morphological and molecular features." url="10.5733/afin.056.0209" volume="56" year="2015">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Jäger">Jaeger</normalizedToken>
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and Krehenwinkel 2015
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</bibRefCitation>
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). Internal duct system with first winding bulging laterally, spermathecae situated postero-laterally. Fertilisation duct arising posteriorly from spermathecae, apical end antero-mediad.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Colouration (Figs 14-17): As in male but inner frontal band on chelicerae developed as row of dots, lateral band lacking.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="59" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Known from two localities in the Western Ghats in India (Fig. 18).</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="59">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="59">
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Figure 18. Distributional records of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Pseudopoda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopoda" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudopoda</taxonomicName>
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species. Red triangles - species without conductor; blue circles - species with conductor.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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||
</document> |