292 lines
31 KiB
XML
292 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="D8200209575CB6C2D3BE8295C9630954" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5170789" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5170789" ID-ZooBank="13A5A379-D164-46A9-AD41-A9EF933BC7B6" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1628288969631" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Mondaca, José, Ramírez, Francisco & Rothmann, Sergio" docDate="2016" docId="771787847F13FFC2D281C165FCF90605" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.0503.1-6.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2016 (503)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC.3:InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleId="6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Sybra alternans" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="3" masterDocId="8B2EFFFC7F10FFC6D241C564FFCC043F" masterDocTitle="Sybra alternans (Wiedemann) (Lamiinae: Apomecynini): an Asian cerambycid established on Easter Island, Chile" masterLastPageNumber="6" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1699040687132" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="E27A32F2015847A5ACF5C49B2FE4EC2C">
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<mods:title id="42CA7A5892E4F379FA8A6E03F34F5418">Sybra alternans (Wiedemann) (Lamiinae: Apomecynini): an Asian cerambycid established on Easter Island, Chile</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="C7D8D24C16B300441107E6DF44931B91" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="70F26F98AD1D84373C4340377554131C">
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<mods:roleTerm id="04DB1EE3F4553B772A38A4E3B70A7865">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="A1FA055FF40E6B4E92D80733569AA6A7">Mondaca, José</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="9E49B7B21DB6D515FCA0BA86024879B4" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="056753A12E8E46D19974581952E5B0C3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="80212DF714FEDEC4108C8756FF9A4409">Ramírez, Francisco</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="FA0036F8E366F55BF7400A5C9D55BDB0" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="3F1E176795EC46C8941ED75C1143DD89">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="3DB24FB08C6F7F41A197DB3790707B29">Rothmann, Sergio</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="377E5FBBCA2A5B3146D4913657027AF4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="BEB50433A98780ACE3F59FBF44086A51">
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<mods:title id="77F52320A1298A1CB676F8E5059A914E">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="D404587A88A3BB739BEAC20DF38BBA61">
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<mods:date id="ACC7D7312C57CAE0CFBA2D5208D25FB4">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="EBE89846D500FB5C36F188EA7026427B" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="D18D1CAEEE9CBA38895F2895CA2A7ACC">2016-09-16</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="FD5913980789D79194198B225B985736" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="3A9DB7215EB2906A98BF6C38ADCE9E11">2016</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="9FBD2FA678DEE990102794BD41974EA4" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="C80654495E7AEA93826B66847103D4B3">503</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="37F9B3D2DC696F6E4E629FEB3DF25DF6">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="165B7636F75269D5F8BD5DDA93119F88">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="B9E7F3044A0B29FE7EDCA92F12CF86AD" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5170789</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="FE92A3C4E1815212A3CEDBED0B14AEF1" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="771787847F13FFC2D281C165FCF90605" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:771787847F13FFC2D281C165FCF90605" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/771787847F13FFC2D281C165FCF90605" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
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<subSubSection id="B7A465197F13FFC5D281C165FD660026" box="[192,682,1025,1050]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="FF0136927F13FFC5D281C165FD660026" blockId="3.[192,682,1025,1082]" box="[192,682,1025,1050]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
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<heading id="A44981FE7F13FFC5D281C165FD660026" bold="true" box="[192,682,1025,1050]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="38BE4D117F13FFC5D281C165FD660026" ID-CoL="53KWB" authority="(Wiedemann, 1823)" baseAuthorityName="Wiedemann" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[192,682,1025,1050]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sybra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alternans">
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<emphasis id="CDCAEA807F13FFC5D281C165FD660026" bold="true" box="[192,682,1025,1050]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis id="CDCAEA807F13FFC5D281C165FE520025" bold="true" box="[192,414,1025,1050]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Sybra alternans</emphasis>
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(Wiedemann, 1823)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B7A465197F13FFC5D281C146FED40005" box="[192,280,1058,1082]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" type="description">
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<paragraph id="FF0136927F13FFC5D281C146FED40005" blockId="3.[192,682,1025,1082]" box="[192,280,1058,1082]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
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(
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<figureCitation id="67852A177F13FFC5D288C146FEC00005" box="[201,268,1058,1082]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="6.[192,276,1875,1897]" captionTargetBox="[335,1281,252,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-42@6.[285,1328,192,1840]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 1. Female specimen of Sybra alternans (Wiedemann) collected on Easter Island (Chile), dorsal habitus. Scale bar = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5170791" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5170791/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B7A465197F13FFC5D281C105FE7E00C5" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="FF0136927F13FFC5D281C105FE7E00C5" blockId="3.[192,1440,1121,1274]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis id="CDCAEA807F13FFC5D281C105FE1D0046" bold="true" box="[192,465,1121,1145]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Material Examined.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="87A976027F13FFC5D396C106FDD00045" box="[471,540,1122,1146]" name="Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Chile</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="3D7AF8707F13FFC5D067C106FCC70045" box="[550,779,1122,1146]" country="Chile" name="Valparaiso" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Valparaíso Region</collectingRegion>
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: Easter Island [Rapa Nui],
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<collectionCode id="99AFAE577F13FFC5D614C106FBB20046" box="[1109,1150,1122,1145]" country="Colombia" name="Departamento de Biologia de la Universidad del Valle" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">UV</collectionCode>
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light trap,
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<date id="8B0010527F13FFC5D746C106FAA00045" box="[1287,1388,1122,1146]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" value="2011-06">VI-2011</date>
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,
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<date id="8B0010527F13FFC5D736C106FF3200A5" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" value="2014-03">III- 2014</date>
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,
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<date id="8B0010527F13FFC5D34AC1E6FE6D00A5" box="[267,417,1154,1178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" value="2014-12-22">22-XII-2014</date>
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, col. C. Valdés (
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<specimenCount id="E9B8FD1B7F13FFC5D028C1E6FD2F00A5" box="[617,739,1154,1178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
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).
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<collectingRegion id="3D7AF8707F13FFC5D0B6C1E6FC1100A5" box="[759,989,1154,1178]" country="Chile" name="Valparaiso" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Valparaíso Region</collectingRegion>
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, Rapa Nui,
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<collectionCode id="99AFAE577F13FFC5D633C1E6FB5700A6" box="[1138,1179,1154,1177]" country="Colombia" name="Departamento de Biologia de la Universidad del Valle" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">UV</collectionCode>
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light trap,
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<date id="8B0010527F13FFC5D76BC1E6FA5000A5" box="[1322,1436,1154,1178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" value="2014-10-01">1-X-2014</date>
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, col. S. Ríos (
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<specimenCount id="E9B8FD1B7F13FFC5D315C1C6FE720085" box="[340,446,1186,1210]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
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).
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<collectingRegion id="3D7AF8707F13FFC5D391C1C6FD7F0085" box="[464,691,1186,1210]" country="Chile" name="Valparaiso" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Valparaíso Region</collectingRegion>
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, Rapa Nui,
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<collectionCode id="99AFAE577F13FFC5D101C1C6FCA50086" box="[832,873,1186,1209]" country="Colombia" name="Departamento de Biologia de la Universidad del Valle" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">UV</collectionCode>
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light trap,
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<date id="8B0010527F13FFC5D1B0C1C5FBB30086" box="[1009,1151,1185,1209]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" value="2015-03-23">23-III-2015</date>
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, col. S. Ríos (
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<specimenCount id="E9B8FD1B7F13FFC5D75DC1C6FA580085" box="[1308,1428,1186,1210]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
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).
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<collectingCountry id="87A976027F13FFC5D281C1A6FEC900E5" box="[192,261,1218,1242]" name="Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Chile</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="3D7AF8707F13FFC5D351C1A6FE3800E5" box="[272,500,1218,1242]" country="Chile" name="Valparaiso" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Valparaíso Region</collectingRegion>
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, Easter Island, sector Hanga Kio’e, beating
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<taxonomicName id="38BE4D117F13FFC5D64AC1A6FB7D00E6" box="[1035,1201,1218,1242]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Erythrina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="CDCAEA807F13FFC5D64AC1A6FB4900E5" box="[1035,1157,1218,1242]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Erythrina</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<date id="8B0010527F13FFC5D6FFC1A5FA8500E6" box="[1214,1353,1217,1241]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" value="2016-04-20">20-IV-2016</date>
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, leg. F. Ramírez (
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<specimenCount id="E9B8FD1B7F13FFC5D37AC186FE6A00C5" box="[315,422,1250,1274]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B7A465197F13FFC5D281C046FE630205" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="FF0136927F13FFC5D281C046FE630205" blockId="3.[192,1440,1314,1594]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis id="CDCAEA807F13FFC5D281C046FEA40105" bold="true" box="[192,360,1314,1338]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Host Plants.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="38BE4D117F13FFC5D32EC046FDF80105" box="[367,564,1314,1338]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sybra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alternans">
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<emphasis id="CDCAEA807F13FFC5D32EC046FDF80105" box="[367,564,1314,1338]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Sybra alternans</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a polyphagous species that infests numerous host plants. It has been detected attacking some fruit trees and crops such as
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<taxonomicName id="38BE4D117F13FFC5D129C026FC330166" box="[872,1023,1346,1369]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carica">
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<emphasis id="CDCAEA807F13FFC5D129C026FC330166" box="[872,1023,1346,1369]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Ficus carica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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L. (
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<taxonomicName id="38BE4D117F13FFC5D672C026FB610165" box="[1075,1197,1346,1370]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
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, “fig tree”),
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<taxonomicName id="38BE4D117F13FFC5D703C026FEEA0146" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Ananas" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="comosus">
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<emphasis id="CDCAEA807F13FFC5D703C026FEEA0146" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Ananas comosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(L.) Merr. (
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<taxonomicName id="38BE4D117F13FFC5D3FBC006FDA80145" box="[442,612,1378,1402]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Bromeliaceae</taxonomicName>
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, “pineapple”),
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<taxonomicName id="38BE4D117F13FFC5D159C006FC340145" box="[792,1016,1378,1402]" class="Liliopsida" family="Musaceae" genus="Musa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paradisiaca">
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<emphasis id="CDCAEA807F13FFC5D159C006FC340145" box="[792,1016,1378,1402]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Musa paradisiaca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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L. (
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<taxonomicName id="38BE4D117F13FFC5D66DC006FB660145" box="[1068,1194,1378,1402]" class="Liliopsida" family="Musaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Musaceae</taxonomicName>
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, “banana”),
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<taxonomicName id="38BE4D117F13FFC5D700C006FE9D01A5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Phaseolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
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<emphasis id="CDCAEA807F13FFC5D700C006FE9D01A5" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Phaseolus vulgaris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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L. (
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<taxonomicName id="38BE4D117F13FFC5D3C0C0E6FE3401A5" box="[385,504,1410,1434]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
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, “bean”),
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<taxonomicName id="38BE4D117F13FFC5D02AC0E6FC9801A5" box="[619,852,1410,1434]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Ocimum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="basilicum">
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<emphasis id="CDCAEA807F13FFC5D02AC0E6FC9801A5" box="[619,852,1410,1434]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Ocimum basilicum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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L. (
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<taxonomicName id="38BE4D117F13FFC5D1C5C0E6FBC101A5" box="[900,1037,1410,1434]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lamiaceae</taxonomicName>
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, “basil”),
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<taxonomicName id="38BE4D117F13FFC5D63EC0E6FA4C01A5" box="[1151,1408,1410,1434]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Gossypium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirsutum">
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<emphasis id="CDCAEA807F13FFC5D63EC0E6FA4C01A5" box="[1151,1408,1410,1434]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Gossypium hirsutum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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L. (
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<taxonomicName id="38BE4D117F13FFC5D289C0C6FE830185" box="[200,335,1442,1466]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
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, “cotton”),
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<taxonomicName id="38BE4D117F13FFC5D390C0C6FD3E0186" box="[465,754,1440,1466]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Saccharum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="officinarum">
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<emphasis id="CDCAEA807F13FFC5D390C0C6FD3E0186" box="[465,754,1440,1466]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Saccharum officinarum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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L. (
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<taxonomicName id="38BE4D117F13FFC5D160C0C6FC440185" authorityName="Barnhart" authorityYear="1895" baseAuthorityName="R.Br." box="[801,904,1442,1466]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
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, “sugar cane”), and some ornamental plants typical of the South Pacific island. For a full list of host and respective citations, see
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<bibRefCitation id="9B2F4B637F13FFC5D681C0A6FA5101E5" author="Chen, H. & A. Ota & G. E. Fonash" box="[1216,1437,1474,1498]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="119 - 122" refId="ref2465" refString="Chen, H., A. Ota, and G. E. Fonash. 2001. Infestation of Sybra alternans (Cerambycidae: Coleoptera) in a Hawaii banana plantation. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 35: 119 - 122." type="journal article" year="2001">Chen et al. (2001)</bibRefCitation>
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. In
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3D7AF8707F13FFC5D2A7C086FE8F01C5" box="[230,323,1506,1530]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
, it was collected from dead limbs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="38BE4D117F13FFC5D157C086FC3B01C6" authority="Nutt." authorityName="Nutt." box="[790,1015,1506,1529]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aurea">
|
||
<emphasis id="CDCAEA807F13FFC5D157C086FC6601C6" box="[790,938,1506,1529]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Ficus aurea</emphasis>
|
||
Nutt.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="38BE4D117F13FFC5D648C086FB4F01C5" box="[1033,1155,1506,1530]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, “golden fig”) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9B2F4B637F13FFC5D77CC086FF330225" author="Thomas, M. C." pageId="3" pageNumber="2" refId="ref3061" refString="Thomas, M. C. 2000. Ficus aurea (Florida strangler fig, golden fig) - Sybra alternans (Wiedemann), a longhorned beetle. Tri-ology Technical Report 39 (3). Florida Division of Plant Industry, Gainesville, FL. (Available at ~ http: // www. freshfromflorida. com / Divisions-Offices / Plant-Industry / Plant- Industry-Publications / Tri-ology-FDACS-DPI / Triology-Vol. - 39 - No. - 3. Last accessed July 2016.)" type="url" year="2000">Thomas 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), while on Easter Island an adult was captured by shaking the dry branches of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="38BE4D117F13FFC5D6F8C366FA910226" box="[1209,1373,1538,1562]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Erythrina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="CDCAEA807F13FFC5D6F8C366FAFF0225" box="[1209,1331,1538,1562]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Erythrina</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
trees (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="38BE4D117F13FFC5D289C346FEF30205" box="[200,319,1570,1594]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, “ceibo”).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B7A465197F13FFC5D281C305FB1E0305" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="FF0136927F13FFC5D281C305FB1E0305" blockId="3.[192,1441,1633,1850]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="CDCAEA807F13FFC5D281C305FEB80246" bold="true" box="[192,372,1633,1657]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="38BE4D117F13FFC5D3C2C306FD850245" box="[387,585,1634,1658]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sybra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alternans">
|
||
<emphasis id="CDCAEA807F13FFC5D3C2C306FD850245" box="[387,585,1634,1658]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Sybra alternans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an Asian species distributed in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="87A976027F13FFC5D1B0C306FBA10245" box="[1009,1133,1634,1658]" name="Myanmar" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="87A976027F13FFC5D638C306FB200245" box="[1145,1260,1634,1658]" name="Thailand" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="87A976027F13FFC5D6B9C306FAF90246" box="[1272,1333,1634,1657]" name="Laos" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="87A976027F13FFC5D700C306FF2502A5" name="Cambodia" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="87A976027F13FFC5D2B4C3E6FEAE02A5" box="[245,354,1666,1690]" name="Vietnam" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="87A976027F13FFC5D32CC3E6FE2D02A5" box="[365,481,1666,1690]" name="Malaysia" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="87A976027F13FFC5D3ACC3E6FD8102A5" box="[493,589,1666,1690]" name="Taiwan" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="87A976027F13FFC5D019C3E6FD1802A5" box="[600,724,1666,1690]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="87A976027F13FFC5D09EC3E6FC6102A5" box="[735,941,1666,1690]" name="Northern Mariana Islands" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Mariana Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="87A976027F13FFC5D1F8C3E6FB4A02A5" box="[953,1158,1666,1690]" name="Micronesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Caroline Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="87A976027F13FFC5D6D3C3E6FAAA02A5" box="[1170,1382,1666,1690]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Marshall Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="87A976027F13FFC5D2B0C3C6FEB10285" box="[241,381,1698,1722]" name="Philippines" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9B2F4B637F13FFC5D3CFC3C6FD240285" author="Rondon, J. A. & S. Breuning" box="[398,744,1698,1722]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="315 - 571" refId="ref2795" refString="Rondon, J. A., and S. Breuning. 1970. Lamiines du Laos. p. 315 - 571. In: J. L. Gressitt, J. A. Rondon, and S. Breuning (eds.). Cerambycid-beetles of Laos (Longicornes du Laos). Pacific Insects Monograph 24. Bishop Museum, Hawaii. 651 p." type="book chapter" year="1970">Rondon and Breuning 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9B2F4B637F13FFC5D0B7C3C6FC5A0286" author="Roguet, J. - P." box="[758,918,1697,1722]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" refId="ref2760" refString="Roguet, J. - P. 2016. Lamiaires du Monde (Coleoptera Cerambycidae Lamiinae). (Available at ~ www. lamiinae. org. Last accessed 14 July 2016)." type="book" year="2016">Roguet 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It was introduced in the early twentieth century to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3D7AF8707F13FFC5D302C3A6FE5002E5" box="[323,412,1730,1754]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
(see details in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9B2F4B637F13FFC5D013C3A6FCD602E5" author="Chen, H. & A. Ota & G. E. Fonash" box="[594,794,1730,1754]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="119 - 122" refId="ref2465" refString="Chen, H., A. Ota, and G. E. Fonash. 2001. Infestation of Sybra alternans (Cerambycidae: Coleoptera) in a Hawaii banana plantation. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 35: 119 - 122." type="journal article" year="2001">Chen et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and more recently to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3D7AF8707F13FFC5D66AC3A6FB4902E5" box="[1067,1157,1730,1754]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="87A976027F13FFC5D698C3A6FEEB02C5" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
|
||
United States of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="38BE4D117F13FFC5D281C386FEEB02C5" authority="(Thomas 2000)" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[192,295,1762,1786]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="America" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">America</taxonomicName>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9B2F4B637F13FFC5D376C386FE2F02C5" author="Thomas, M. C." box="[311,483,1762,1786]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" refId="ref3061" refString="Thomas, M. C. 2000. Ficus aurea (Florida strangler fig, golden fig) - Sybra alternans (Wiedemann), a longhorned beetle. Tri-ology Technical Report 39 (3). Florida Division of Plant Industry, Gainesville, FL. (Available at ~ http: // www. freshfromflorida. com / Divisions-Offices / Plant-Industry / Plant- Industry-Publications / Tri-ology-FDACS-DPI / Triology-Vol. - 39 - No. - 3. Last accessed July 2016.)" type="url" year="2000">Thomas 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It may have arrived in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3D7AF8707F13FFC5D156C386FCBD02C5" box="[791,881,1762,1786]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
via military flights from the Hawaiian Oahu military bases to those at Homestead,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3D7AF8707F13FFC5D0DDC266FD3A0325" box="[668,758,1794,1818]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9B2F4B637F13FFC5D147C266FB4D0325" author="Samuelson, G. A. & F. G. Howarth" box="[774,1153,1794,1818]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="67 - 68" refId="ref2892" refString="Samuelson, G. A., and F. G. Howarth. 2013. Notes on a recently established darkling beetle (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in Hawaii. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 114: 67 - 68." type="journal article" year="2013">Samuelson and Howarth 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="87A976027F13FFC5D6F8C266FB320325" box="[1209,1278,1794,1818]" name="Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="38BE4D117F13FFC5D74BC266FA6C0325" box="[1290,1440,1794,1818]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sybra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alternans">
|
||
<emphasis id="CDCAEA807F13FFC5D74BC266FA6C0325" box="[1290,1440,1794,1818]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">S. alternans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known to occur only on to Easter Island,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3D7AF8707F13FFC5D095C246FC7A0305" box="[724,950,1826,1850]" country="Chile" name="Valparaiso" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Valparaíso Region</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="CDCAEA807F13FFC5D187C246FBAF0305" bold="true" box="[966,1123,1826,1850]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">new record</emphasis>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="67852A177F13FFC5D63DC246FB080305" box="[1148,1220,1826,1850]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[192,276,1080,1102]" captionTargetBox="[192,1439,192,1058]" captionTargetId="figure-38@7.[192,1439,192,1058]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Collection sites for Sybra alternans on Easter Island, Chile (black circles). Rapa Nui National Park is indicated in light grey." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5170793" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5170793/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B7A465197F14FFC2D281C5A5FE3A0565" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="FF0136927F14FFC2D281C5A5FE3A0565" blockId="4.[192,1440,193,346]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="CDCAEA807F14FFC2D281C5A5FEE504E6" bold="true" box="[192,297,193,217]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Biology</emphasis>
|
||
. The life cycle of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="38BE4D117F14FFC2D3BBC5A6FD4304E5" box="[506,655,194,218]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sybra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alternans">
|
||
<emphasis id="CDCAEA807F14FFC2D3BBC5A6FD4304E5" box="[506,655,194,218]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">S. alternans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been described briefly by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9B2F4B637F14FFC2D1BCC5A6FB6304E6" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[1021,1199,193,218]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="187 - 188" refId="ref3027" refString="Swezey, O. H. 1950. Notes on the life cycle of certain introduced Cerambycid beetles. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 14 (1): 187 - 188." type="journal article" year="1950">Swezey (1950)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who mentions that the life cycle can be completed in about four months. Adults are nocturnally active and seem to oviposit preferentially on host plants that are thoroughly dried. This cerambycid feeds on the inner fermenting and decaying bark and the outer sapwood. The larvae bore into the wood to pupate for their final transformation to adults.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B7A465197F14FFC2D281C4E6FCF90605" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="FF0136927F14FFC2D281C4E6FCF90605" blockId="4.[192,1440,386,570]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="CDCAEA807F14FFC2D281C4E6FE8805A5" bold="true" box="[192,324,386,410]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Repeated collections of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="38BE4D117F14FFC2D029C4E6FD3105A5" box="[616,765,386,410]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sybra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alternans">
|
||
<emphasis id="CDCAEA807F14FFC2D029C4E6FD3105A5" box="[616,765,386,410]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">S. alternans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
during six years in two different parts of Easter Island (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="87A976027F14FFC2D289C4C6FEC70585" box="[200,267,418,442]" name="Chile" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
) provide strong evidence that a population of this cerambycid has successfully established on the island. Because the collection sites of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="38BE4D117F14FFC2D0F6C4A6FC8705E5" box="[695,843,450,474]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sybra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alternans">
|
||
<emphasis id="CDCAEA807F14FFC2D0F6C4A6FC8705E5" box="[695,843,450,474]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">S. alternans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are located near the airport of Mataveri (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="67852A177F14FFC2D731C4A6FF1C05C5" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[192,276,1080,1102]" captionTargetBox="[192,1439,192,1058]" captionTargetId="figure-38@7.[192,1439,192,1058]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Collection sites for Sybra alternans on Easter Island, Chile (black circles). Rapa Nui National Park is indicated in light grey." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5170793" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5170793/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
), it is likely that this species reached Easter Island via international commercial flights.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9B2F4B637F14FFC2D758C486FE750625" author="Samuelson, G. A. & F. G. Howarth" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="67 - 68" refId="ref2892" refString="Samuelson, G. A., and F. G. Howarth. 2013. Notes on a recently established darkling beetle (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in Hawaii. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 114: 67 - 68." type="journal article" year="2013">Samuelson and Howarth (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
proposed a similar hypothesis (but through military flights) to try to explain the introduction of this species from Hawaii to Florida.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |