treatments-xml/data/44/70/87/447087FF856CFFA423AD1796954EF87B.xml

<document id="4063BBB06F41B96F312EC0D3786AA8EA" ID-CLB-Dataset="29822" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4441.1.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="684b3f74-2bf6-42c6-b056-f819a0e43e68" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1301939" ID-ZooBank="00DEB4B6-7259-4D3D-B556-C69E2A7CD3DA" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1529995304609" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Melika, George, Memtsas, George I., Nicholls, James A. &amp; Avtzis, Dimitrios N." docDate="2018" docId="447087FF856CFFA423AD1796954EF87B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4441.1.6.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4441 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Saphonecrus kuriphilusi Melika &amp; Memtsas &amp; Nicholls &amp; Avtzis 2018, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="116" masterDocId="B849FF87856EFFA3233A117C910FFF92" masterDocTitle="New species of cynipid inquiline, Saphonecrus kuriphilusi (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini), from Dryocosmus kuriphilus galls in Greece" masterLastPageNumber="120" masterPageNumber="109" pageNumber="111" updateTime="1698551226573" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="06EBF1224202F4FAEBC4DB0B46707865" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="DE5F8B3D8C58C913B3BEABC9A811CC43">
<mods:title id="D8DFF53036F531359FD3B08DBF3D1463">New species of cynipid inquiline, Saphonecrus kuriphilusi (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini), from Dryocosmus kuriphilus galls in Greece</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="DA841EB86EC07B07915907921713BF17" type="personal">
<mods:role id="28C2404C338E937D9D1B466F06DFAFCF">
<mods:roleTerm id="2C7AE9008F25E58ED010909C62C2D825">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="FEE7DC0E81A3882A00B9AFDEE0E89A16">Melika, George</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="74C75E145DE6BD62ED296ED9DB64E27F" type="personal">
<mods:role id="9E7EB47B659550EE1D107C4C4006FB37">
<mods:roleTerm id="1F08C39FF1CD3894DE46ABC190D5EC44">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="4EF1EA9B5AB6F50A39A67EA4D0F1E410">Memtsas, George I.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="DBB475E21D619660ED447F0A1B0986A8" type="personal">
<mods:role id="773543F974C7F30C50401BB067B63459">
<mods:roleTerm id="363C8208B7C9951583CC62EFBB58503B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="7010B80953801D137C26309C8C4F4F79">Nicholls, James A.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="4CB3B6DA26445EEE3B932130B3A6E277" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B2515C6B5535489210A5E29CA393D90E">
<mods:roleTerm id="EDDE8CD77334B705C85749A5F05B7B8F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="46003119F58CBA9B8BC3E8B9717BF242">Avtzis, Dimitrios N.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="A2BA86B27FC06F339088C381622FFD86">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="977A8D74854479ACDA1F20C2F1B3B0E1" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="6878EB351D07700B09AA6A31A4CD1B85">
<mods:title id="178E2F39A819EE02A112805FC38CC933">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="1FF0F98119E4DBC52D6AE6E2CF45CE77">
<mods:date id="4B7F2C5645AD796A83F9B34CA635A39D">2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="F77FF8BC925215389C6237AE8B5769ED" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="320548A7DA94EFA199BBF7AEC2515700">2018-06-26</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="5460C41C0D51B3D7439D9566D08EEA40" type="volume">
<mods:number id="22407095566F182D877B099BBDDC40E4">4441</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="007AB4583676ADB299C0A907E03254FB" type="issue">
<mods:number id="89985996F413A2C1F5862EBAD768345C">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="A19B077D3FF84072C8F141D15F0E4485" unit="page">
<mods:start id="2D9B8998B8D2371F536EB30B85AA78BD">109</mods:start>
<mods:end id="BF2F28283A61626B5A70FCFBAA06F814">120</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="D6C8464B87CC8988206067D5585D1108">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="DB657522EECFC4A038E4901AC28680E3" type="CLB-Dataset">29822</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="89522D4EF65C9CA12CA8F5B317790529" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4441.1.6</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="64CD6A6308C4AED41E58A71C6FC1E5A5" type="GBIF-Dataset">684b3f74-2bf6-42c6-b056-f819a0e43e68</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B0D276434E9299EE896B12CC5DBEA5E8" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="85624C729C923EA0C2F386F171C85547" type="Zenodo-Dep">1301939</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E3F61FCA6CCAE9C01B97EE282B9404B2" type="ZooBank">00DEB4B6-7259-4D3D-B556-C69E2A7CD3DA</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="447087FF856CFFA423AD1796954EF87B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5963079" ID-GBIF-Taxon="146019646" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5963079" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:447087FF856CFFA423AD1796954EF87B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/447087FF856CFFA423AD1796954EF87B" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">
<subSubSection id="84C36562856CFFA123AD179691F6F8B4" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="CC6636E9856CFFA123AD1796923DF897" blockId="2.[151,818,1770,1830]" box="[151,818,1770,1797]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">
<heading id="972E8185856CFFA123AD1796923DF897" bold="true" box="[151,818,1770,1797]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" reason="1">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB856CFFA123AD1796923DF897" bold="true" box="[151,818,1770,1797]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A856CFFA123AD17969399F897" authority="Melika &amp; Avtzis" authorityName="Melika &amp; Memtsas &amp; Nicholls &amp; Avtzis" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,662,1770,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuriphilusi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB856CFFA123AD179690CEF896" bold="true" box="[151,449,1770,1796]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Saphonecrus kuriphilusi</emphasis>
Melika &amp; Avtzis
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E59E5780856CFFA121991797923DF897" box="[675,818,1771,1797]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CC6636E9856CFFA123AD167191F6F8B4" blockId="2.[151,818,1770,1830]" box="[151,249,1805,1830]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">
<figureCitation id="54E22A6C856CFFA123AD167191F6F8B4" box="[151,249,1805,1830]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1–2" captionStart-1="FIGURES 3–8" captionStartId-0="4.[151,264,1518,1541]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,264,1635,1658]" captionTargetBox-0="[156,1428,270,1486]" captionTargetBox-1="[161,1420,272,1600]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[151,1436,267,1494]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[151,1436,265,1614]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="FIGURES 1–2. Saphonecrus kuriphilusi, new species, female: 1, female, general view (rc, radial cell), 2, metasoma, dorsal view." captionText-1="FIGURES 3–8. Saphonecrus kuriphilusi, new species, female: 3–5, head: 3, frontal view, 4, dorsal view, 5, posterior view. 6, antenna. 7, mesosoma, dorsal view. 8, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1301941/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1301943/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Figs 1–8</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="84C36562856CFFA123AD16299539F848" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="CC6636E9856CFFA123AD16299511F824" blockId="2.[151,1436,1877,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">
<materialsCitation id="7CB13CB4856CFFA123AD1629937AF824" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1851456651" collectionCode="PHMB" country="Greece" county="The" location="Avgi" municipality="Thessaloniki" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" specimenCount="19" specimenCount-female="13" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB856CFFA123AD16299047F8FC" bold="true" box="[151,328,1877,1902]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">
<typeStatus id="1362884B856CFFA123AD162991DDF8FC" box="[151,210,1877,1902]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="1362884B856CFFA12268162A90E9F8FC" box="[338,486,1878,1902]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
female: 
<collectingCountry id="B4CE7679856CFFA12175162A93B0F8FC" box="[591,703,1878,1902]" name="Greece" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">GREECE</collectingCountry>
, 
<location id="C9066032856CFFA121F71629920CF8FC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:447087FF856CFFA423AD1796954EF87B:C9066032856CFFA121F71629920CF8FC" box="[717,771,1877,1902]" country="Greece" county="The" municipality="Thessaloniki" name="Avgi" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Avgi</location>
(municipality of 
<location id="C9066032856CFFA120EA16299531F8FC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:447087FF856CFFA423AD1796954EF87B:C9066032856CFFA120EA16299531F8FC" box="[976,1086,1877,1902]" country="Greece" county="The" municipality="Thessaloniki" name="Langadas" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Langadas</location>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="2C02AC93856CFFA12777162995EEF8FC" box="[1101,1249,1877,1902]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Thessaloniki</collectingMunicipality>
), and 
<specimenCount id="DADFFD60856CFFA12613162A9493F8FC" box="[1321,1436,1877,1902]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" type="female">13 female</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="1362884B856CFFA123AD1606900DF800" box="[151,258,1914,1938]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
with the same labels as the 
<typeStatus id="1362884B856CFFA1217A160593A9F800" box="[576,678,1913,1938]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. 
<collectingCounty id="25074E65856CFFA1218A160593D3F800" box="[688,732,1913,1938]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">The</collectingCounty>
female 
<typeStatus id="1362884B856CFFA1200216059295F800" box="[824,922,1913,1938]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and seven 
<typeStatus id="1362884B856CFFA127231606958AF800" box="[1049,1157,1914,1938]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
are deposited in 
<collectionCode id="AAC8AE2C856CFFA1267C16069497F803" box="[1350,1432,1914,1937]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">PHMB</collectionCode>
, four 
<typeStatus id="1362884B856CFFA123F616E29038F824" box="[204,311,1950,1974]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
in Forest Research Institute
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="7CB13CB4856CFFA121BA16E29514F824" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1851456749" box="[640,1051,1949,1974]" collectionCode="USNM" country="Greece" location="Greece" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingCountry id="B4CE7679856CFFA121BA16E293C0F824" box="[640,719,1950,1974]" name="Greece" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Greece</collectingCountry>
and two 
<typeStatus id="1362884B856CFFA1200D16E292ACF824" box="[823,931,1950,1974]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
in 
<collectionCode id="AAC8AE2C856CFFA120FC16E29514F824" box="[966,1051,1950,1974]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">USNM</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CC6636E9856CFFA123FD16BD9539F848" blockId="2.[151,1436,1877,2010]" box="[199,1078,1985,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB856CFFA123FD16BD90F3F848" bold="true" box="[199,508,1985,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Other material examined.</emphasis>
Five females with the same labels as the 
<typeStatus id="1362884B856CFFA120F616BD953DF848" box="[972,1074,1985,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="84C36562856DFFA023FD11EB95CEFF3D" box="[199,1217,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="CC6636E9856DFFA023FD11EB95CEFF3D" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,392]" box="[199,1217,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB856DFFA023FD11EB9049FF22" bold="true" box="[199,326,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Etymology</emphasis>
. The species is named after the inducer of its host gall, 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A856DFFA0208F11E595B5FF22" authorityName="Yasumatsu" authorityYear="1951" box="[949,1210,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Dryocosmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuriphilus">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB856DFFA0208F11E595B5FF22" box="[949,1210,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Dryocosmus kuriphilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="84C36562856DFFA023FD11C0954CFE1A" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="CC6636E9856DFFA023FD11C0954CFE1A" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB856DFFA023FD11C0904EFF47" bold="true" box="[199,321,188,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A856DFFA0227211C0935DFF46" authority="Melika &amp; Memtsas &amp; Nicholls &amp; Avtzis, 2018" authorityName="Melika &amp; Memtsas &amp; Nicholls &amp; Avtzis" authorityYear="2018" box="[328,594,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuriphilus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB856DFFA0227211C0935DFF46" box="[328,594,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Saphonecrus kuriphilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E59E5780856DFFA0215A11C193E8FF47" box="[608,743,188,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
morphologically most closely resembles 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A856DFFA0278011C09493FF46" baseAuthorityName="Boyer de Fonscolombe" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[1210,1436,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gallaepomiformis">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB856DFFA0278011C09493FF46" box="[1210,1436,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">S. gallaepomiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A856DFFA023F1119C905BFF6A" authorityName="Pujade-Villar &amp; Nieves-Aldrey" authorityYear="1986" box="[203,340,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbotini">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB856DFFA023F1119C905BFF6A" box="[203,340,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">S. barbotini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It also somewhat resembles species in the 
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB856DFFA0205E119C9597FF6A" box="[868,1176,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A856DFFA0205E119C92E6FF65" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[868,1001,224,247]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="connatus">S. connatus</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A856DFFA020CC119C9597FF6A" box="[1014,1176,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="symbioticus">S. symbioticus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
clade; however, in 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A856DFFA026BD119C901FFE8E" authorityName="Melika &amp; Memtsas &amp; Nicholls &amp; Avtzis" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuriphilusi">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB856DFFA026BD119C901FFE8E" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">S. kuriphilusi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the head, mesosoma and metasoma are typically brown, and if black than only partially so, while in 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A856DFFA026BD107891F5FED2" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1840" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="connatus">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB856DFFA026BD107891F5FED2" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">S. connatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A856DFFA02202105490D6FED2" box="[312,473,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="symbioticus">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB856DFFA02202105490D6FED2" box="[312,473,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">S. symbioticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the head and mesosoma are always black, the metasoma is black or dark brown. Morphological characters for the differentiation of the newly described species from 
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB856DFFA027AD103091F0FE1A" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A856DFFA027AD10309471FEF6" baseAuthorityName="Boyer de Fonscolombe" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[1175,1406,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gallaepomiformis">S. gallaepomiformis</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A856DFFA026B1103091F0FE1A" authorityName="Pujade-Villar &amp; Nieves-Aldrey" authorityYear="1986" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbotini">S. barbotini</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB856DFFA0220F100C9351FE1A" box="[309,606,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A856DFFA0220F100C90BBFE15" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[309,436,368,391]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="connatus">S. connatus</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A856DFFA022F8100C9351FE1A" box="[450,606,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="symbioticus">S. symbioticus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
are provided in Table (see also 
<figureCitation id="54E22A6C856DFFA020F910139538FE1A" box="[963,1079,367,392]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 9–20" captionStart-1="FIGURES 21–28. 21–24" captionStartId-0="6.[151,264,1486,1509]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,264,1368,1391]" captionTargetBox-0="[163,1432,325,1461]" captionTargetBox-1="[153,1424,184,1348]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[151,1436,319,1482]" captionTargetId-1="figure@7.[151,1436,171,1366]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionText-0="FIGURES 9–20. Female: 9–10, Saphonecrus barbotini, head: 9, frontal view, 10, dorsal view. 11–12, S. gallaepomiformis, head: 11, frontal view, 12, dorsal view. 13–14, S. connatus, head: 13, frontal view, 14, dorsal view. 15–16, S. symbioticus, head: 15, frontal view, 16, dorsal view. 17–20, mesosoma, lateral view: 17, S. barbotini, 18, S. gallaepomiformis, 19, S. connatus, 20, S. symbioticus." captionText-1="FIGURES 21–28. 21–24, Mesosoma, dorsal view, female: 21, Saphonecrus barbotini, 22, S. gallaepomiformis, 23, S. connatus, 24, S. symbioticus. 25–28, metasoma, lateral view, female: 25, Saphonecrus barbotini, 26, S. gallaepomiformis, 27, S. connatus, 28, S. symbioticus." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1301945/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1301947/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Figs 9–28</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="98A66661856DFFA023AD10C8942BFE79" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
<paragraph id="CC6636E9856DFFA023AD10C8942BFE79" blockId="3.[151,1436,435,491]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB856DFFA023AD10C89005FE59" bold="true" box="[151,266,436,459]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Diagnostic morphological characters that allow the separation of 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A856DFFA020F410CF95DDFE59" authority="Melika &amp; Memtsas &amp; Nicholls &amp; Avtzis, 2018" authorityName="Melika &amp; Memtsas &amp; Nicholls &amp; Avtzis" authorityYear="2018" box="[974,1234,435,459]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuriphilusi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB856DFFA020F410CF95DDFE59" box="[974,1234,435,459]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Saphonecrus kuriphilusi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E59E5780856DFFA027DA10C8946EFE59" box="[1248,1377,436,459]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
from 
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB856DFFA023AD10AF9367FE79" box="[151,616,467,491]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A856DFFA023AD10AF90EDFE79" baseAuthorityName="Boyer de Fonscolombe" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[151,482,467,491]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gallaepomiformis">Saphonecrus gallaepomiformis</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A856DFFA022D410AF9367FE79" authorityName="Pujade-Villar &amp; Nieves-Aldrey" authorityYear="1986" box="[494,616,467,491]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbotini">S. barbotini</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB856DFFA021A610AF92B8FE79" box="[668,951,467,491]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A856DFFA021A610AF921AFE78" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[668,789,467,490]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="connatus">S. connatus</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A856DFFA0201810AF92B8FE79" box="[802,951,467,491]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="symbioticus">S. symbioticus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(characters are given for females)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="CC6636E9856DFFA023A5137A9428FAD8" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
<table id="BED9C449856D005C23A5137A9473FAD8" box="[159,1404,518,1354]" gridcols="6" gridrows="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
<tr id="72E934AB856D005C23A5137A9473FD8F" box="[159,1404,518,541]" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
<th id="31385DD7856D005C23A5137A90ACFD8F" box="[159,419,518,541]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Morphological characters</th>
<th id="31385DD7856D005C2280137A934DFD8F" box="[442,578,518,541]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A856DFFA02280137B934EFD8E" authorityName="Melika &amp; Memtsas &amp; Nicholls &amp; Avtzis" authorityYear="2018" box="[442,577,518,540]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuriphilusi">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB856DFFA02280137B934EFD8E" box="[442,577,518,540]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">S. kuriphilusi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="31385DD7856D005C2140137A9249FD8F" box="[634,838,518,541]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A856DFFA02140137B9249FD8E" baseAuthorityName="Boyer de Fonscolombe" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[634,838,518,540]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gallaepomiformis">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB856DFFA02140137B9249FD8E" box="[634,838,518,540]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">S. gallaepomiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="31385DD7856D005C205E137A9514FD8F" box="[868,1051,518,541]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A856DFFA0205F137B92D3FD8E" authorityName="Pujade-Villar &amp; Nieves-Aldrey" authorityYear="1986" box="[869,988,518,540]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbotini">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB856DFFA0205F137B92D3FD8E" box="[869,988,518,540]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">S. barbotini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="31385DD7856D005C270D137A95C2FD8F" box="[1079,1229,518,541]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A856DFFA0270D137B95A3FD8F" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[1079,1196,519,541]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="connatus">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB856DFFA0270D137B95A3FD8F" box="[1079,1196,519,541]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">S. connatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="31385DD7856D005C27DC137A9473FD8F" box="[1254,1404,518,541]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A856DFFA027DC137B9478FD8E" box="[1254,1399,518,540]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="symbioticus">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB856DFFA027DC137B9478FD8E" box="[1254,1399,518,540]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">S. symbioticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="72E934AB856D005C23A5134C9473FDD4" box="[159,1404,560,582]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
<th id="31385DD7856D005C23A5134C90ACFDD4" box="[159,419,560,582]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">POL:OOL</th>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C2280134C934DFDD4" box="[442,578,560,582]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">2.0x</td>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C2140134C9249FDD4" box="[634,838,560,582]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">2.0x</td>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C205E134C9514FDD4" box="[868,1051,560,582]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">1.5-2.0x</td>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C270D134C95C2FDD4" box="[1079,1229,560,582]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">2.7x</td>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C27DC134C9473FDD4" box="[1254,1404,560,582]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">2.9x</td>
</tr>
<tr id="72E934AB856D005C23A513259473FDFD" box="[159,1404,601,623]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
<th id="31385DD7856D005C23A5132590ACFDFD" box="[159,419,601,623]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">F1:F2</th>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C22801325934DFDFD" box="[442,578,601,623]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">1.2x</td>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C214013259249FDFD" box="[634,838,601,623]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">1.3-1.4x</td>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C205E13259514FDFD" box="[868,1051,601,623]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">F1=F2</td>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C270D132595C2FDFD" box="[1079,1229,601,623]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">1.4x</td>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C27DC13259473FDFD" box="[1254,1404,601,623]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">1.1–1.3x</td>
</tr>
<tr id="72E934AB856D005C23A513FE9473FD0A" box="[159,1404,642,664]" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
<th id="31385DD7856D005C23A513FE90ACFD0A" box="[159,419,642,664]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">F2:F3</th>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C228013FE934DFD0A" box="[442,578,642,664]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">F2&lt;F3</td>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C214013FE9249FD0A" box="[634,838,642,664]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">F2=F3</td>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C205E13FE9514FD0A" box="[868,1051,642,664]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">F2=F3</td>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C270D13FE95C2FD0A" box="[1079,1229,642,664]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">F2=F3</td>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C27DC13FE9473FD0A" box="[1254,1404,642,664]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">F2=F3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="72E934AB856D005C23A513D09473FD72" box="[159,1404,684,736]" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
<th id="31385DD7856D005C23A513D090ACFD72" box="[159,419,684,736]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">height of eye:height of malar space</th>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C228013D0934DFD72" box="[442,578,684,736]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">2.4x</td>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C214013D09249FD72" box="[634,838,684,736]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">2.0x</td>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C205E13D09514FD72" box="[868,1051,684,736]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">2.3x</td>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C270D13D095C2FD72" box="[1079,1229,684,736]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">1.9x</td>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C27DC13D09473FD72" box="[1254,1404,684,736]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">2.1x</td>
</tr>
<tr id="72E934AB856D005C23A513889473FCD5" box="[159,1404,756,839]" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
<th id="31385DD7856D005C23A5138890ACFCD5" box="[159,419,756,839]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">notaulus extends to:</th>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C22801388934DFCD5" box="[442,578,756,839]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">half length or more</td>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C214013889249FCD5" box="[634,838,756,839]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">posterior third</td>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C205E13889514FCD5" box="[868,1051,756,839]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">absent or very short</td>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C270D138895C2FCD5" box="[1079,1229,756,839]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">1/3-1/2 of mesoscutum length</td>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C27DC13889473FCD5" box="[1254,1404,756,839]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">complete</td>
</tr>
<tr id="72E934AB856D005C23A512269473FC1D" box="[159,1404,858,911]" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
<th id="31385DD7856D005C23A5122690ACFC1D" box="[159,419,858,911]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">length:height of mesosoma</th>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C22801226934DFC1D" box="[442,578,858,911]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">1.3x</td>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C214012269249FC1D" box="[634,838,858,911]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">1.7x</td>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C205E12269514FC1D" box="[868,1051,858,911]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">1.2x</td>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C270D122695C2FC1D" box="[1079,1229,858,911]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">1.5x</td>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C27DC12269473FC1D" box="[1254,1404,858,911]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">1.3x</td>
</tr>
<tr id="72E934AB856D005C23A512DE9473FC45" box="[159,1404,930,983]" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
<th id="31385DD7856D005C23A512DE90ACFC45" box="[159,419,930,983]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">mesoscutum</th>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C228012DE934DFC45" box="[442,578,930,983]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">black</td>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C214012DE9249FC45" box="[634,838,930,983]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">dark brown to black</td>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C205E12DE9514FC45" box="[868,1051,930,983]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">brown, black in anterocentral part</td>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C270D12DE95C2FC45" box="[1079,1229,930,983]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">black</td>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C27DC12DE9473FC45" box="[1254,1404,930,983]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">black</td>
</tr>
<tr id="72E934AB856D005C23A512969473FB92" box="[159,1404,1002,1024]" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
<th id="31385DD7856D005C23A5129690ACFB92" box="[159,419,1002,1024]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">pronotum laterally</th>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C22801296934DFB92" box="[442,578,1002,1024]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">black</td>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C214012969249FB92" box="[634,838,1002,1024]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">brown to black</td>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C205E12969514FB92" box="[868,1051,1002,1024]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">brown</td>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C270D129695C2FB92" box="[1079,1229,1002,1024]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">black</td>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C27DC12969473FB92" box="[1254,1404,1002,1024]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">black</td>
</tr>
<tr id="72E934AB856D005C23A515689473FBDA" box="[159,1404,1044,1096]" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
<th id="31385DD7856D005C23A5156890ACFBDA" box="[159,419,1044,1096]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">mesopleuron</th>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C22801568934DFBDA" box="[442,578,1044,1096]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">brown, with black areas</td>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C214015689249FBDA" box="[634,838,1044,1096]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">uniformly reddish brown</td>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C205E15689514FBDA" box="[868,1051,1044,1096]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">uniformly reddish brown</td>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C270D156895C2FBDA" box="[1079,1229,1044,1096]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">black</td>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C27DC15689473FBDA" box="[1254,1404,1044,1096]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">black</td>
</tr>
<tr id="72E934AB856D005C23A515209473FB02" box="[159,1404,1116,1168]" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
<th id="31385DD7856D005C23A5152090ACFB02" box="[159,419,1116,1168]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">syntergite length and metasoma length</th>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C22801520934DFB02" box="[442,578,1116,1168]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">covers 2/3 of metasoma</td>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C214015209249FB02" box="[634,838,1116,1168]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">almost entirely covers metasoma</td>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C205E15209514FB02" box="[868,1051,1116,1168]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">almost entirely covers metasoma</td>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C270D152095C2FB02" box="[1079,1229,1116,1168]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">entirely covers metasoma</td>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C27DC15209473FB02" box="[1254,1404,1116,1168]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">entirely covers metasoma</td>
</tr>
<tr id="72E934AB856D005C23A515D89473FB4A" box="[159,1404,1188,1240]" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
<th id="31385DD7856D005C23A515D890ACFB4A" box="[159,419,1188,1240]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">posterodorsal punctures on syntergite</th>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C228015D8934DFB4A" box="[442,578,1188,1240]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">present</td>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C214015D89249FB4A" box="[634,838,1188,1240]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">present</td>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C205E15D89514FB4A" box="[868,1051,1188,1240]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">absent</td>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C270D15D895C2FB4A" box="[1079,1229,1188,1240]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">absent</td>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C27DC15D89473FB4A" box="[1254,1404,1188,1240]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">absent</td>
</tr>
<tr id="72E934AB856D005C23A515909473FAB2" box="[159,1404,1260,1312]" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
<th id="31385DD7856D005C23A5159090ACFAB2" box="[159,419,1260,1312]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">posterodorsal punctures on tergites</th>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C22801590934DFAB2" box="[442,578,1260,1312]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">distinct</td>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C214015909249FAB2" box="[634,838,1260,1312]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">distinct</td>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C205E15909514FAB2" box="[868,1051,1260,1312]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">indistinct</td>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C270D159095C2FAB2" box="[1079,1229,1260,1312]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">absent</td>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C27DC15909473FAB2" box="[1254,1404,1260,1312]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">absent</td>
</tr>
<tr id="72E934AB856D005C23A514489473FAD8" box="[159,1404,1332,1354]" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
<th id="31385DD7856D005C23A5144890ACFAD8" box="[159,419,1332,1354]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">legs</th>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C22801448934DFAD8" box="[442,578,1332,1354]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">yellow</td>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C214014489249FAD8" box="[634,838,1332,1354]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">brown</td>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C205E14489514FAD8" box="[868,1051,1332,1354]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">brown</td>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C270D144895C2FAD8" box="[1079,1229,1332,1354]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">brown</td>
<td id="31385DD7856D005C27DC14489473FAD8" box="[1254,1404,1332,1354]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">brown</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="84C36562856DFFA523FD14F69095FF22" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" type="description">
<paragraph id="CC6636E9856DFFA023FD14F69386F9A1" blockId="3.[151,1436,1418,2019]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB856DFFA023FD14F69056FA31" bold="true" box="[199,345,1418,1443]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Description.</emphasis>
FEMALE. Head yellow, except dark brown to black triangular area between antennal toruli and central ocellus, ocellar triangle, occiput; antenna, mandibles yellow with darker tips; mouthparts, maxillary and labial palps yellow; legs including coxae yellow; wing veins yellow; tegula yellow; propleuron, mesopleuron, mesopleural triangle, metasoma laterally reddish brown; rest of mesoscutum black; nucha and metasoma reddish brown; ventral spine of hypopygium yellow.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CC6636E9856DFFA723FD17429343FF46" blockId="3.[151,1436,1418,2019]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="113" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Head coriaceous, lower face, frons, gena, vertex, occiput, postocciput, postgena with dense white setae. Head slightly broader than high, rounded in anterior view, with broadest part level with torulus; slightly broader than mesosoma, 1.8´as broad as long in dorsal view. Eye 2.5´as high as length of malar space, eyes slightly converging ventrally. Malar sulcus absent, delicate striae radiating from clypeus and reaching eye. Clypeus small, coriaceous, with indistinct radiating striae, ventrally straight, not emarginate; epistomal sulcus indistinct; anterior tentorial pit small, distinct; clypeo-pleurostomal line indistinct. Lower face with striae radiating from clypeus and reaching torulus, extending into space between eye and torulus. Frons, interocellar area and vertex alutaceous, without striae and punctures. Transfacial distance slightly shorter than height of eye; distance between eye and torulus slightly greater than diameter of torulus; diameter of torulus 2.8´as large as distance between toruli. POL 2.0´as long as OOL and 2.0´as long as LOL; OOL 1.6´as long as length of lateral ocellus. Occiput alutaceous. Gena alutaceous, with white setae, not broadened behind eye, invisible in anterior view behind eye. Antenna with 12 flagellomeres, pedicel 1.4´as long as broad; F1 1.2´as long as F2 and 1.4´as long as pedicel; F3 1.2´as long as F2, F4 slightly longer than F3; F5=F6=F7; subsequent flagellomeres gradually shorten but do not broaden until apex; F11 1.2´as long as F10; placoid sensillae from F4.</paragraph>
<caption id="98A66661856AFFA723AD149291C1F9B1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1301941/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" startId="4.[151,264,1518,1541]" targetBox="[156,1428,270,1486]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="CC6636E9856AFFA723AD149291C1F9B1" blockId="4.[151,1435,1518,1571]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB856AFFA723AD14929033F996" bold="true" box="[151,316,1518,1541]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">FIGURES 1–2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A856AFFA7227E14929333F996" authority="Melika &amp; Memtsas &amp; Nicholls &amp; Avtzis, 2018" authorityName="Melika &amp; Memtsas &amp; Nicholls &amp; Avtzis" authorityYear="2018" box="[324,572,1518,1540]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuriphilusi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB856AFFA7227E14929333F996" box="[324,572,1518,1540]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Saphonecrus kuriphilusi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E59E5780856AFFA72171149393C5F996" box="[587,714,1518,1540]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
, female: 1, female, general view (rc, radial cell), 2, metasoma, dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="CC6636E9856AFFA623FD173790C9FF47" blockId="4.[151,1437,1610,2031]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="114" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Mesosoma 1.3´as long as high in lateral view. Pronotum coriaceous, laterally with interrupted delicate rugae, area between rugae alutaceous; lateral pronotal carina absent. Propleuron alutaceous, with some transverse striae basally. Mesoscutum with short white setae, with interrupted short delicate transverse rugae; area between rugae alutaceous, distance between rugae longer than width of ruga. Notaulus incomplete, reaching to 1/2–3/4 of mesoscutum length, broader posteriorly, narrowing till pronotum, with smooth bottom. Anterior parallel and median mesoscutal lines absent, parapsidal lines indicated by smooth, glabrous sculpture, parascutal carina present, extending to anterior edge of tegula. Dorsoaxillar area alutaceous, with setae, lateroaxillar area smooth. Mesoscutellum slightly longer than broad, uniformly rugose, disk of mesoscutellum rounded, laterally not emarginate. Scutellar foveae transverse, broader than high, slightly impressed, with smooth bottom; separated by distinct coriaceous median carina. Mesopectus smooth, with parallel longitudinal striae, area between striae smooth. Metapleural sulcus reaching posterior margin of mesopectus in upper half of its height. Metascutellum shorter than ventral impressed area; metanotal trough smooth, without setae. Propodeum coriaceous, with uniform dense short white setae on lateral and central parts; lateral propodeal carina thin, straight, parallel. Nucha with longitudinal parallel rugae.</paragraph>
<caption id="98A66661856BFFA623AD171F9528F90A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1301943/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" startId="5.[151,264,1635,1658]" targetBox="[161,1420,272,1600]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="CC6636E9856BFFA623AD171F9528F90A" blockId="5.[151,1436,1635,1688]" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB856BFFA623AD171F9034F9EB" bold="true" box="[151,315,1635,1658]" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">FIGURES 3–8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A856BFFA6227817189335F9E8" authority="Melika &amp; Memtsas &amp; Nicholls &amp; Avtzis, 2018" authorityName="Melika &amp; Memtsas &amp; Nicholls &amp; Avtzis" authorityYear="2018" box="[322,570,1636,1658]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuriphilusi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB856BFFA6227817189335F9E8" box="[322,570,1636,1658]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Saphonecrus kuriphilusi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E59E5780856BFFA6217D171993CBF9E8" box="[583,708,1636,1658]" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
, female: 3–5, head: 3, frontal view, 4, dorsal view, 5, posterior view. 6, antenna. 7, mesosoma, dorsal view. 8, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="CC6636E9856BFFA623FD17B89269F8D8" blockId="5.[151,1436,1732,2010]" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Forewing as long as body, with long, dense cilia on margin, wing surface covered with dense short setae, radial cell open, 2.9´as long as broad; R1 and Rs nearly reaching wing margin; areolet large, triangular, Rs+M distinct, not reaching basalis, its projection reaches basalis at half its height. Legs with white setae, posterior surface of hind coxae with denser setae, tarsal claws simple, without basal lobe.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CC6636E9856BFFA623FD162A9493F84B" blockId="5.[151,1436,1732,2010]" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">
Metasoma as long as head+mesosoma, 1.3´as long as high in lateral view. Petiole with longitudinal parallel rugae dorsally and laterally. Syntergite with row of sparse setae anterolaterally, smooth, glabrous; posterodorsally not incised, with delicate punctures dorsally; subsequent tergites and hypopygium with delicate micropunctures; prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium as long as broad in ventral view. Body length 
<quantity id="0B219B0C856BFFA6279716BD943BF84B" box="[1197,1332,1985,2009]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" unit="mm" value="2.3" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="2.2">2.2–2.4 mm</quantity>
(n = 10).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CC6636E98568FFA523FD11E49095FF22" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,285]" box="[199,410,151,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">MALE. Unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="84C365628568FFA523FD11C091D5FF6A" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="CC6636E98568FFA523FD11C091D5FF6A" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8568FFA523FD11C09028FF47" bold="true" box="[199,295,188,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Biology.</emphasis>
This species was reared from galls of 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A8568FFA521E111C192EFFF46" authorityName="Yasumatsu" authorityYear="1951" box="[731,992,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Dryocosmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuriphilus">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8568FFA521E111C192EFFF46" box="[731,992,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Dryocosmus kuriphilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, collected from 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A8568FFA527A011C09441FF46" box="[1178,1358,188,212]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sativa">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8568FFA527A011C09441FF46" box="[1178,1358,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Castanea sativa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in late April.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="84C365628568FFA523FD1078941CFE8F" box="[199,1299,260,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="CC6636E98568FFA523FD1078941CFE8F" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,285]" box="[199,1299,260,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8568FFA523FD1078906FFE8F" bold="true" box="[199,352,260,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Distribution.</emphasis>
Currently known only from 
<collectingCountry id="B4CE76798568FFA52199107893FDFE8E" box="[675,754,260,284]" name="Greece" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Greece</collectingCountry>
(Avgi, municipality of Langadas, Thessaloniki).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="98A666618568FFA523AD14B29021F9D3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1301945/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" startId="6.[151,264,1486,1509]" targetBox="[163,1432,325,1461]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="CC6636E98568FFA523AD14B29021F9D3" blockId="6.[151,1437,1486,1601]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8568FFA523AD14B29046FA76" bold="true" box="[151,329,1486,1509]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">FIGURES 9–20.</emphasis>
Female: 9–10, 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A8568FFA522D714B393D8FA77" authorityName="Pujade-Villar &amp; Nieves-Aldrey" authorityYear="1986" box="[493,727,1487,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbotini">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8568FFA522D714B393D8FA77" box="[493,727,1487,1509]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Saphonecrus barbotini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, head: 9, frontal view, 10, dorsal view. 11–12, 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A8568FFA527FD14AC9499FA77" baseAuthorityName="Boyer de Fonscolombe" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[1223,1430,1487,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gallaepomiformis">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8568FFA527FD14AC9499FA77" box="[1223,1430,1487,1509]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">S. gallaepomiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, head: 11, frontal view, 12, dorsal view. 13–14, 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A8568FFA52155149393ECF996" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[623,739,1519,1540]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="connatus">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8568FFA52155149393ECF996" box="[623,739,1519,1540]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">S. connatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, head: 13, frontal view, 14, dorsal view. 15–16, 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A8568FFA527F214939457F996" box="[1224,1368,1518,1540]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="symbioticus">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8568FFA527F214939457F996" box="[1224,1368,1518,1540]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">S. symbioticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, head: 15, frontal view, 16, dorsal view. 17–20, mesosoma, lateral view: 17, 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A8568FFA5206E177192C4F9B0" authorityName="Pujade-Villar &amp; Nieves-Aldrey" authorityYear="1986" box="[852,971,1548,1570]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbotini">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8568FFA5206E177192C4F9B0" box="[852,971,1548,1570]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">S. barbotini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 18, 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A8568FFA520C7177195C5F9B0" baseAuthorityName="Boyer de Fonscolombe" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[1021,1226,1548,1570]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gallaepomiformis">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8568FFA520C7177195C5F9B0" box="[1021,1226,1548,1570]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">S. gallaepomiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 19, 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A8568FFA527C117719460F9B1" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[1275,1391,1549,1571]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="connatus">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8568FFA527C117719460F9B1" box="[1275,1391,1549,1571]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">S. connatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 20, 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A8568FFA523AD17509027F9D3" box="[151,296,1579,1601]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="symbioticus">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8568FFA523AD17509027F9D3" box="[151,296,1579,1601]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">S. symbioticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="84C365628568FFA423FD1712954EF87B" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="CC6636E98568FFA523FD171293D1F87D" blockId="6.[151,1436,1646,2031]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8568FFA523FD17129040F915" bold="true" box="[199,335,1646,1671]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Comments.</emphasis>
The two-gene phylogenetic analysis places 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A8568FFA5206317129560F914" authority="Melika &amp; Memtsas &amp; Nicholls &amp; Avtzis, 2018" authorityName="Melika &amp; Memtsas &amp; Nicholls &amp; Avtzis" authorityYear="2018" box="[857,1135,1646,1670]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuriphilusi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8568FFA5206317129560F914" box="[857,1135,1646,1670]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Saphonecrus kuriphilusi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E59E57808568FFA5274117139409F915" box="[1147,1286,1646,1671]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
sister to the trans-Palaearctic 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A8568FFA5226217EE90E7F938" authorityName="Dalla Torre &amp; Kieffer" authorityYear="1910" box="[344,488,1682,1706]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8568FFA5226217EE90E7F938" box="[344,488,1682,1706]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Saphonecrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lineage comprising 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A8568FFA521F717EE9240F938" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[717,847,1682,1706]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="connatus">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8568FFA521F717EE9240F938" box="[717,847,1682,1706]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">S. connatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A8568FFA520BF17EE952AF938" box="[901,1061,1682,1706]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="symbioticus">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8568FFA520BF17EE952AF938" box="[901,1061,1682,1706]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">S. symbioticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and near to but distinct from the Western Palaearctic lineage containing 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A8568FFA5217517CA92A3F95C" baseAuthorityName="Boyer de Fonscolombe" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[591,940,1718,1742]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gallaepomiformis">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8568FFA5217517CA92A3F95C" box="[591,940,1718,1742]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Saphonecrus gallaepomiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A8568FFA520D817CB956AF95C" authorityName="Pujade-Villar &amp; Nieves-Aldrey" authorityYear="1986" box="[994,1125,1718,1742]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbotini">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8568FFA520D817CB956AF95C" box="[994,1125,1718,1742]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">S. barbotini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="54E22A6C8568FFA5274E17CA95CDF95D" box="[1140,1218,1718,1743]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1798,1820]" captionText="FIGURE 29. Maximum clade credibility species tree based on two genes, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and the D2 region of the 28S ribosomal gene. Posterior probability support is shown for nodes where support is greater than 0.50. The new species, Saphonecrus kuriphilusi, is indicated by a star." pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Fig 29</figureCitation>
). This is in contrast to the morphology of these species, which would suggest a closer relationship of 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A8568FFA5276317A695FDF960" authorityName="Melika &amp; Memtsas &amp; Nicholls &amp; Avtzis" authorityYear="2018" box="[1113,1266,1754,1778]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuriphilusi">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8568FFA5276317A695FDF960" box="[1113,1266,1754,1778]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">S. kuriphilusi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the lineage containing 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A8568FFA5222F178390F7F884" baseAuthorityName="Boyer de Fonscolombe" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[277,504,1790,1814]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gallaepomiformis">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8568FFA5222F178390F7F884" box="[277,504,1790,1814]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">S. gallaepomiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A8568FFA52115178393BBF884" authorityName="Pujade-Villar &amp; Nieves-Aldrey" authorityYear="1986" box="[559,692,1790,1814]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbotini">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8568FFA52115178393BBF884" box="[559,692,1790,1814]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">S. barbotini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This may imply that the morphological characters used to define these close species relationships may be poor, as is observed in other cynipid inquilines (
<bibRefCitation id="A8484B188568FFA5274F165E942DF8A8" box="[1141,1314,1826,1851]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" refId="ref4213" refString="Acs, Z., Challis, R., Bihari, P., Blaxter, M., Hayward, A., Melika, G., Csoka, Gy., Penzes, Zs., Pujade-Villar, J., Nieves-Aldrey, J. L., Schonrogge, K. &amp; Stone, G. N. (2010) Phylogeny and DNA barcoding of inquiline oak gallwasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) of the Western Palaearctic. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 55, 210 - 225. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2009.12.004" type="journal article">
Ács 
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8568FFA52792165F95D7F8A8" box="[1192,1240,1826,1850]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">et al</emphasis>
. 2010
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="A8484B188568FFA52617165E9019F8CD" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" refId="ref5542" refString="Kaartinen, R., Stone, G. N., Hearn, J., Lohse, K. &amp; Roslin, T. (2010) Revealing secret liaisons: DNA barcoding changes our understanding of food webs. Ecological Entomology, 35, 623 - 638. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.2010.01224. x" type="journal article">
Kaartinen 
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8568FFA523AD163B91C6F8CC" box="[151,201,1862,1886]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">et al</emphasis>
. 2010
</bibRefCitation>
). Alternatively, given that support for the basal nodes within the clade containing these species is not strong, further DNA data should be obtained to help determine the closest relatives of this new species. Irrespective of the relationships among them, it is clear that together these five species are more closely allied to 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A8568FFA5261C16F291D0F859" authority="Hartig" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1843" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synophrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8568FFA5261C16F29493F834" box="[1318,1436,1934,1958]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Synophrus</emphasis>
Hartig
</taxonomicName>
than other 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A8568FFA5226716CE90E1F858" authorityName="Dalla Torre &amp; Kieffer" authorityYear="1910" box="[349,494,1970,1994]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8568FFA5226716CE90E1F858" box="[349,494,1970,1994]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Saphonecrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, confirming the previously-demonstrated polyphyly of 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A8568FFA5278E16CE944AF858" authorityName="Dalla Torre &amp; Kieffer" authorityYear="1910" box="[1204,1349,1970,1994]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8568FFA5278E16CE944AF858" box="[1204,1349,1970,1994]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Saphonecrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A8484B188568FFA5266E16CE91F9F87D" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" refId="ref4213" refString="Acs, Z., Challis, R., Bihari, P., Blaxter, M., Hayward, A., Melika, G., Csoka, Gy., Penzes, Zs., Pujade-Villar, J., Nieves-Aldrey, J. L., Schonrogge, K. &amp; Stone, G. N. (2010) Phylogeny and DNA barcoding of inquiline oak gallwasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) of the Western Palaearctic. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 55, 210 - 225. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2009.12.004" type="journal article">
Ács 
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8568FFA526B216CF91BBF87C" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A8484B188568FFA5223B16AA90C8F87D" box="[257,455,2006,2031]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" refId="ref4720" refString="Bozso, M., Penzes, Z., Bihari, P., Schweger, S., Tang, C-T., Yang, M. - M., Pujade-Villar, J. &amp; Melika, G. (2014) Molecular phylogeny of the inquiline cynipid wasp genus Saphonecrus Dalla Torre and Kieffer, 1910 (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini). Plant Protection Quarterly, 29 (1), 26 - 31." type="journal article">
Bozsó 
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8568FFA5227716AB9070F87C" box="[333,383,2006,2030]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">et al</emphasis>
. 2014
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A8484B188568FFA522E916AA93DDF87D" box="[467,722,2006,2031]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" refId="ref6976" refString="Schweger, S., Melika, G., Tang, C. - T., Yang, M. - M., Stone, G. N., Nicholls, J. A., Sinclair, F., Hearn, J., Bozso, M. &amp; Penzes, Z. (2015 b) New species of cynipid inquilines of the genus Saphonecrus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) from the Eastern Palaearctic, with a re-appraisal of known species world-wide. Zootaxa, 4054 (1), 1 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4054.1.1" type="journal article">
Schwéger 
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8568FFA5217216AB9376F87C" box="[584,633,2006,2030]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">et al</emphasis>
. 2015b
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="98A666618569FFA423AD142490DAFA3E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1301947/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" startId="7.[151,264,1368,1391]" targetBox="[153,1424,184,1348]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="CC6636E98569FFA423AD142490DAFA3E" blockId="7.[151,1436,1368,1452]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8569FFA423AD14249055FAFC" bold="true" box="[151,346,1368,1391]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">FIGURES 21–28.</emphasis>
21–24, Mesosoma, dorsal view, female: 21, 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A8569FFA4207114259537FAFD" authorityName="Pujade-Villar &amp; Nieves-Aldrey" authorityYear="1986" box="[843,1080,1369,1391]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbotini">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8569FFA4207114259537FAFD" box="[843,1080,1369,1391]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">Saphonecrus barbotini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 22, 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A8569FFA4274D14269445FAFD" baseAuthorityName="Boyer de Fonscolombe" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[1143,1354,1369,1391]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gallaepomiformis">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8569FFA4274D14269445FAFD" box="[1143,1354,1369,1391]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">S. gallaepomiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 23, 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A8569FFA426B3142691FCFA1C" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1840" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="connatus">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8569FFA426B3142691FCFA1C" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">S. connatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 24, 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A8569FFA4221D140490B7FA1F" box="[295,440,1399,1421]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="symbioticus">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8569FFA4221D140490B7FA1F" box="[295,440,1399,1421]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">S. symbioticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 25–28, metasoma, lateral view, female: 25, 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A8569FFA420BF140B9562FA1F" authorityName="Pujade-Villar &amp; Nieves-Aldrey" authorityYear="1986" box="[901,1133,1399,1421]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbotini">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8569FFA420BF140B9562FA1F" box="[901,1133,1399,1421]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">Saphonecrus barbotini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 26, 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A8569FFA4279814049460FA1F" baseAuthorityName="Boyer de Fonscolombe" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[1186,1391,1399,1421]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gallaepomiformis">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8569FFA4279814049460FA1F" box="[1186,1391,1399,1421]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">S. gallaepomiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 27, 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A8569FFA423AD14EB9003FA3E" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[151,268,1431,1452]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="connatus">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8569FFA423AD14EB9003FA3E" box="[151,268,1431,1452]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">S. connatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 28, 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A8569FFA4220414EB90C0FA3E" box="[318,463,1430,1452]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="symbioticus">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8569FFA4220414EB90C0FA3E" box="[318,463,1430,1452]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">S. symbioticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="CC6636E98569FFA423FD14A4954EF87B" blockId="7.[151,1437,1496,2025]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">
The association 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A8569FFA422BA14A59319FA63" authority="Melika &amp; Memtsas &amp; Nicholls &amp; Avtzis, 2018" authorityName="Melika &amp; Memtsas &amp; Nicholls &amp; Avtzis" authorityYear="2018" box="[384,534,1497,1521]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuriphilusi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8569FFA422BA14A59319FA63" box="[384,534,1497,1521]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">S. kuriphilusi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E59E57808569FFA4212514A593A8FA63" box="[543,679,1496,1521]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
with 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A8569FFA421D114A5925AFA62" box="[747,853,1497,1520]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8569FFA421D114A5925AFA62" box="[747,853,1497,1520]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">Castanea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
galls represents a novel ecological interaction, and phylogenetic relationship of 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A8569FFA422E214819362F987" authority="Melika &amp; Memtsas &amp; Nicholls &amp; Avtzis, 2018" authorityName="Melika &amp; Memtsas &amp; Nicholls &amp; Avtzis" authorityYear="2018" box="[472,621,1533,1557]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuriphilusi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8569FFA422E214819362F987" box="[472,621,1533,1557]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">S. kuriphilusi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E59E57808569FFA4214E148293F4F987" box="[628,763,1532,1557]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
with other 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A8569FFA4204014819504F987" authorityName="Dalla Torre &amp; Kieffer" authorityYear="1910" box="[890,1035,1533,1557]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8569FFA4204014819504F987" box="[890,1035,1533,1557]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">Saphonecrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(and 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A8569FFA42771148195CEF987" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1843" box="[1099,1217,1533,1557]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synophrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8569FFA42771148195CEF987" box="[1099,1217,1533,1557]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">Synophrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) species associated with 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A8569FFA423EB175D9020F9AA" box="[209,303,1569,1592]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8569FFA423EB175D9020F9AA" box="[209,303,1569,1592]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may provide indication as to the possible local oak galls from which this new inquiline species has been recruited onto 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A8569FFA42247173A931BF9CF" authorityName="Yasumatsu" authorityYear="1951" box="[381,532,1605,1629]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Dryocosmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuriphilus">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8569FFA42247173A931BF9CF" box="[381,532,1605,1629]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">D. kuriphilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
galls on 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A8569FFA421BA173993E5F9CE" box="[640,746,1605,1628]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8569FFA421BA173993E5F9CE" box="[640,746,1605,1628]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">Castanea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Each of the major lineages within 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A8569FFA427B317399415F9CF" authorityName="Dalla Torre &amp; Kieffer" authorityYear="1910" box="[1161,1306,1605,1629]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8569FFA427B317399415F9CF" box="[1161,1306,1605,1629]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">Saphonecrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
defined by 
<bibRefCitation id="A8484B188569FFA423AD171490BEF913" box="[151,433,1640,1665]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" refId="ref6976" refString="Schweger, S., Melika, G., Tang, C. - T., Yang, M. - M., Stone, G. N., Nicholls, J. A., Sinclair, F., Hearn, J., Bozso, M. &amp; Penzes, Z. (2015 b) New species of cynipid inquilines of the genus Saphonecrus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) from the Eastern Palaearctic, with a re-appraisal of known species world-wide. Zootaxa, 4054 (1), 1 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4054.1.1" type="journal article">
Schwéger 
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8569FFA4222A1715904AF913" box="[272,325,1641,1665]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">et al</emphasis>
. (2015b)
</bibRefCitation>
are associated with cynipid galls induced on only a single genus of host plants. The disagreement between results of phylogenetic analyses based on morphology and DNA data with regard to the closest relatives of this new species also has implications about the native host plant species of the new species, 
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8569FFA4264917CD9493F95A" box="[1395,1436,1713,1736]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">i.e.,</emphasis>
whether it has shifted from native galls on 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A8569FFA4219C17A9920BF97E" box="[678,772,1749,1772]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8569FFA4219C17A9920BF97E" box="[678,772,1749,1772]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
section Cerris (the host plant group for S. 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A8569FFA4262D17A99470F97F" authorityName="Pujade-Villar &amp; Nieves-Aldrey" authorityYear="1986" box="[1303,1407,1749,1773]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbotini">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8569FFA4262D17A99470F97F" box="[1303,1407,1749,1773]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">barbotini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A8569FFA426BD17A99053F883" baseAuthorityName="Boyer de Fonscolombe" baseAuthorityYear="1832" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gallaepomiformis">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8569FFA426BD17A9949AF97E" box="[1415,1429,1749,1772]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">S</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8569FFA423AD17859053F883" box="[151,348,1785,1809]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">gallaepomiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or from native galls on 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A8569FFA421AE178593FDF882" box="[660,754,1785,1808]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8569FFA421AE178593FDF882" box="[660,754,1785,1808]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
section 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A8569FFA42061178592B7F883" box="[859,952,1785,1809]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="120" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Quercus</taxonomicName>
(the host plant group for 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A8569FFA427C217859470F882" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[1272,1407,1785,1808]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="connatus">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8569FFA427C217859470F882" box="[1272,1407,1785,1808]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">S. connatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A8569FFA426BD17859014F8A7" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="symbioticus">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8569FFA426BD1785949AF882" box="[1415,1429,1785,1808]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">S</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8569FFA423AD16619014F8A7" box="[151,283,1821,1845]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">symbioticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Further research is needed to clarify what species of oak cynipid host galls it normally attacks. The recruitment of an inquiline onto invading 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A8569FFA42157163D920EF8CB" authorityName="Yasumatsu" authorityYear="1951" box="[621,769,1857,1881]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Dryocosmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuriphilus">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8569FFA42157163D920EF8CB" box="[621,769,1857,1881]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">D. kuriphilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
populations is potentially exciting for natural biocontrol of this pest species by native parasitoids. Rates of parasitism by Chalcidoidea species attacking an invasive oak cynipid species in the 
<collectingCountry id="B4CE76798569FFA422A416F49350F833" box="[414,607,1928,1953]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">United Kingdom</collectingCountry>
increased after inquilines first started using the invading species’ galls (
<bibRefCitation id="A8484B188569FFA423A416D190BBF854" box="[158,436,1965,1990]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" refId="ref6821" refString="Schonrogge, K., Stone, G. N. &amp; Crawley, M. J. (1995) Abundance patterns and species richness of the parasitoids and inquilines of the alien gall-former Andricus quercuscalicis (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Oikos, 77, 507 - 518. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3545940" type="journal article">
Schönrogge 
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8569FFA4220B16D2906AF857" box="[305,357,1965,1989]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">et al</emphasis>
. 1995
</bibRefCitation>
). If the same happens with 
<taxonomicName id="0BD94D6A8569FFA421C716D2929AF857" authorityName="Yasumatsu" authorityYear="1951" box="[765,917,1965,1989]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Dryocosmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuriphilus">
<emphasis id="FEADEAFB8569FFA421C716D2929AF857" box="[765,917,1965,1989]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">D. kuriphilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
galls, we might expect parasitism by native parasitoids to increase, with potential deterimental effects on the pest’s populations.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>