467 lines
54 KiB
XML
467 lines
54 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.919.39642" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6b51522f-80c7-403b-a40a-d41899f71bdf" ID-PMC="PMC7197265" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-919-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="CBA7303BD1B65E07A4DC591C877727BA" ID-PubMed="32390739" ID-ZooBank="0CC5169A232541AD938F179FCB056381" ModsDocID="1313-2970-919-1" checkinTime="1584460958039" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="van Achterberg, Cornelis, Shaw, Mark R. & Quicke, Donald L. J." docDate="2020" docId="446B0A23445D52A8905F648AEDEF5326" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 919: 1-259" docOrigin="ZooKeys 919" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.919.39642" docTitle="Aleiodes dissector" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="CBA7303BD1B65E07A4DC591C877727BA" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="CBA7303BD1B65E07A4DC591C877727BA" masterDocTitle="Revision of the western Palaearctic species of Aleiodes Wesmael (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae). Part 2: Revision of the A. apicalis group" masterLastPageNumber="259" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668168574942" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of the western Palaearctic species of Aleiodes Wesmael (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae). Part 2: Revision of the A. apicalis group</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>van Achterberg, Cornelis</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Shaw, Mark R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Quicke, Donald L. J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>919</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>259</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.919.39642</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.919.39642</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-919-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0CC5169A232541AD938F179FCB056381</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">CBA7303BD1B65E07A4DC591C877727BA</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="162628981" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:446B0A23445D52A8905F648AEDEF5326" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/446B0A23445D52A8905F648AEDEF5326" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="446B0A23-445D-52A8-905F-648AEDEF5326" authority="(Nees, 1834)" baseAuthorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityYear="1834" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes dissector" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dissector">Aleiodes dissector (Nees, 1834)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 234–239" captionStartId="F37" captionText="Figures 234 - 239. Aleiodes dissector (Nees), U. K., Scotland (in culture) parasitising Orthosia incerta (Hufnagel) 234 pre-mummy, removed from its hideaway, with unparasitised control from the same egg batch (below) 235 pre-mummy 236 early mummification 237 mummy with ventral ooze 238 three fully hard mummies 239 emerged mummy, cut open to expose silken lining." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures234-239" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390081" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 234-239</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 240–242" captionStartId="F38" captionText="Figures 240 - 242. Aleiodes dissector (Nees), ♀, Switzerland, Tessin, but 242 from Scotland (culture) 240 habitus lateral 241 ovipositor sheath lateral 242 mummy of Orthosia incerta (Hufnagel)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures240-242" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390082" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 240-242</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 243–255" captionStartId="F39" captionText="Figures 243 - 255. Aleiodes dissector (Nees), ♀, Switzerland, Tessin 243 fore wing 244 hind wing 245 mesosoma lateral 246 mesosoma dorsal 247 propodeum and 1 st - 4 th metasomal tergites dorsal 248 fore femur lateral 249 hind femur lateral 250 outer hind tarsal claw 251 head anterior 252 head dorsal 253 head lateral 254 base of antenna 255 apex of antenna." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures243-255" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390083" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 243-255</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 256–263" captionStartId="F40" captionText="Figures 256 - 263. Aleiodes dissector (Nees), ♂, Austria, Kaernten 256 habitus lateral 257 head dorsal 258 3 rd- 7 th tergites lateral 259 mesosoma dorsal 260 1 st- 6 th metasomal tergites dorsal 261 fore femur lateral 262 head anterior 263 hind femur lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures256-263" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390084" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 256-263</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Nees" authorityYear="1834" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rogas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rogas dissector" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dissector">Rogas dissector</taxonomicName>
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Nees, 1834: 208;
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<bibRefCitation author="Shenefelt, RD" journalOrPublisher="Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nova editio)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1115 - 1262" refId="B121" refString="Shenefelt, RD, 1975. Braconidae 8. Exothecinae, Rogadinae. Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nova editio) 12: 1115 - 1262" title="Braconidae 8. Exothecinae, Rogadinae." volume="12" year="1975">Shenefelt 1975</bibRefCitation>
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: 1225-1226;
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<bibRefCitation author="Papp, J" journalOrPublisher="Folia Entomologica Hungarica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="105 - 117" refId="B80" refString="Papp, J, 1977a. Contributions to the Braconid fauna of Yugoslavia. III. Folia Entomologica Hungarica 30: 105 - 117" title="Contributions to the Braconid fauna of Yugoslavia. III." volume="30" year="1977 a">Papp 1977a</bibRefCitation>
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: 110.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Nees" authorityYear="1834" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rogas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rogas (Rogas) dissector" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dissector" subGenus="Rogas">Rogas (Rogas) dissector</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Tobias, VI" journalOrPublisher="Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 286" refId="B137" refString="Tobias, VI, 1976. Braconids of the Caucasus (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR 110: 1 - 286" title="Braconids of the Caucasus (Hymenoptera, Braconidae)." volume="110" year="1976">Tobias 1976</bibRefCitation>
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: 81,
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<bibRefCitation author="Tobias, VI" editor="Medvedev, GS" journalOrPublisher="Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 501" refId="B138" refString="Tobias, VI, 1986. Rogadinae: 72-85. In: Medvedev, GS, Ed., Opredelitel Nasekomych Evrospeiskoi Tsasti SSSR 3, Peredpontdatokrylye 4. Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR 145: 1 - 501" title="Rogadinae: 72 - 85." volume="145" volumeTitle="Opredelitel Nasekomych Evrospeiskoi Tsasti SSSR 3, Peredpontdatokrylye 4." year="1986">1986</bibRefCitation>
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: 75 (transl.: 121).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityYear="1834" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes (Neorhogas) dissector" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dissector" subGenus="Neorhogas">Aleiodes (Neorhogas) dissector</taxonomicName>
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; Papp, 1985a: 145, 1987b: 35, 1991a: 74, 1991d: 5, 1999: 550; Belokobylskij, 1996: 9;
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<bibRefCitation author="Riedel, M" journalOrPublisher="Norwegian Journal of Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="97 - 108" refId="B108" refString="Riedel, M, Hansen, LO, Berg, O, 2002. Braconidae (Hymenoptera) of Norway, Part 1. Norwegian Journal of Entomology 49: 97 - 108" title="Braconidae (Hymenoptera) of Norway, Part 1." volume="49" year="2002">Riedel et al., 2002</bibRefCitation>
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: 106.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityYear="1834" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes (Chelonorhogas) dissector" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dissector" subGenus="Chelonorhogas">Aleiodes (Chelonorhogas) dissector</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Belokobylskij, SA" editor="Ler, PA" journalOrPublisher="Neuropteroidea, Mecoptera, Hymenoptera, pt" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 651" refId="B8" refString="Belokobylskij, SA, 2000. Rogadinae: 15-109. In: Ler, PA, Ed., Key to the insects of Russian Far East, vol. 4. Neuropteroidea, Mecoptera, Hymenoptera, pt 4: 1 - 651" title="Rogadinae: 15 - 109." volume="4" volumeTitle="Key to the insects of Russian Far East, vol. 4." year="2000">Belokobylskij 2000</bibRefCitation>
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: 34;
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<bibRefCitation author="Ku, DS" journalOrPublisher="Izdatelstvo Tsentralnoi Nauchno issledovatelskoi laboratorii okhotnichego khozyaistva i zapovednikov, Moskva" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B63" refString="Ku, DS, Belokobylskij, SA, Cha, JY, 2001. Hymenoptera (Braconidae). Economic Insects of Korea 16. Insecta Koreana, Suppl.23: 1-283." title="Hymenoptera (Braconidae). Economic Insects of Korea 16. Insecta Koreana, Suppl. 23: 1 - 283." year="2001">Ku et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
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: 234, 235.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityYear="1834" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes dissector" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dissector">Aleiodes dissector</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Fortier, JC" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hymenoptera Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="204 - 237" refId="B43" refString="Fortier, JC, Shaw, SR, 1999. Cladistics of the Aleiodes lineage of the subfamily Rogadinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 8 (2): 204 - 237" title="Cladistics of the Aleiodes lineage of the subfamily Rogadinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)." volume="8" year="1999">Fortier and Shaw 1999</bibRefCitation>
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: 230;
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<bibRefCitation author="Belokobylskij, SA" journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="341 - 435" refId="B10" refString="Belokobylskij, SA, Taeger, A, van Achterberg, C, Haeselbarth, E, Riedel, M, 2003. Checklist of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera) of Germany. Beitraege zur Entomologie 53 (2): 341 - 435" title="Checklist of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera) of Germany." volume="53" year="2003">Belokobylskij et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
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: 398;
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||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0300-3256.2004.00144.x" author="Zaldivar-Riveron, A" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="223 - 237" refId="B152" refString="Zaldivar-Riveron, A, Butcher, BA, Shaw, MR, Quicke, DLJ, 2004. Comparative morphology of the venom apparatus in the braconid wasp subfamily Rogadinae (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Braconidae) and related taxa. Zoologica Scripta 33 (3): 223 - 237, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0300-3256.2004.00144.x" title="Comparative morphology of the venom apparatus in the braconid wasp subfamily Rogadinae (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Braconidae) and related taxa." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0300-3256.2004.00144.x" volume="33" year="2004">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Zaldívar-Riverón">Zaldivar-Riveron</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2004
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 234,
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-8-329" author="Zaldivar-Riveron, A" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B153" refString="Zaldivar-Riveron, A, Shaw, MR, Saez, AG, Mori, M, Belokobylskij, SA, Shaw, SR, Quicke, DLJ, 2008. Evolution of the parasitic wasp subfamily Rogadinae (Braconidae): phylogeny and evolution of lepidopteran host ranges and mummy characteristics. BMC Evolutionary Biology 8: 329. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-8-329" title="Evolution of the parasitic wasp subfamily Rogadinae (Braconidae): phylogeny and evolution of lepidopteran host ranges and mummy characteristics. BMC Evolutionary Biology 8: 329." url="https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-8-329" year="2008">2008</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 392;
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Papp, J" journalOrPublisher="Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B97" refString="Papp, J, 2005. A checklist of the Braconidae of Hungary (Hymenoptera). Folia Entomologica Hungarica.66: 137-194." title="A checklist of the Braconidae of Hungary (Hymenoptera). Folia Entomologica Hungarica. 66: 137 - 194." year="2005">Papp 2005</bibRefCitation>
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: 176;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1163/187631208788784110" author="Belokobylskij, SA" journalOrPublisher="Insect Systematics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="133 - 154" refId="B11" refString="Belokobylskij, SA, Zaldivar-Riveron, A, Maeto, K, Saez, AG, 2008. Asian Betylobraconinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), with description of a new genus and phylogenetic affinities of the tribe Facitorini. Insect Systematics and Evolution 39 (2): 133 - 154, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/187631208788784110" title="Asian Betylobraconinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), with description of a new genus and phylogenetic affinities of the tribe Facitorini." url="https://doi.org/10.1163/187631208788784110" volume="39" year="2008">Belokobylskij et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
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: 136-137.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Phylax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phylax aestivalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Phylax aestivalis</taxonomicName>
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Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1858: 282; Shenefelt, 1975: 1226 (as synonym of
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<taxonomicName family="Braconidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. dissector" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="dissector">A. dissector</taxonomicName>
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);
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<bibRefCitation author="van Achterberg, C" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="359 - 368" refId="B142" refString="van Achterberg, C, 1992. Revisionary notes on the subfamily Homolobinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden 66 (25): 359 - 368" title="Revisionary notes on the subfamily Homolobinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)." volume="66" year="1992">van Achterberg 1992</bibRefCitation>
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: 363 (id.);
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<bibRefCitation author="Papp, J" journalOrPublisher="Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B97" refString="Papp, J, 2005. A checklist of the Braconidae of Hungary (Hymenoptera). Folia Entomologica Hungarica.66: 137-194." title="A checklist of the Braconidae of Hungary (Hymenoptera). Folia Entomologica Hungarica. 66: 137 - 194." year="2005">Papp 2005</bibRefCitation>
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: 176 (id.) [examined].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Holotype of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. aestivalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="aestivalis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. aestivalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, ♀ (RMNH), "[
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Netherlands</emphasis>
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], Haag [= near The Hague], 6 [= June], v.Voll.". According to the original description the ♂ holotype of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. dissector" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="dissector">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. dissector</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Germany should be in the Gravenhorst collection (Museum of Natural History, University of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Wrocław">Wroclaw</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Wrocław">Wroclaw</normalizedToken>
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), but so far it has not been found.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Additional material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Austria, British Isles (England: V.C.s 15, 17, 20, 22, 23, 24, 30, 31, 34, 37, 58; Scotland: V.C.s 73, 88, 89, 95, 96, 97, 107), Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Montenegro, Italy, Netherlands (FL: Lelystad, GE: Barneveld, OV: Raalte (Heino), ZH: Wassenaar), Norway, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Ukraine, [Armenia]. Specimens in ZJUH, BZL, CNC, IKC, MRC, MSC, MSNV, MTMA, NMS, OUM, RMNH, SDEI, UNS, UWIM, ZSSM.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="molecular data">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Molecular data.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">MRS007 (Turkey), MRS025 (Turkey), MRS145 (UK), MRS146 (UK).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Univoltine, collected in May and June in deciduous scrub and woodland. In Britain it is widespread but particularly common in birch-dominated woodland in upland Scotland. Reared from the noctuids
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hufnagel" authorityYear="1767" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Orthosia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthosia incerta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Orthosia incerta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Hufnagel) (17, M.R. Shaw),
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<taxonomicName lsidName="O. gothioca" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gothioca">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. gothioca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Linnaeus) (1, J.L. Yela) and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Orthosia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthosia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Orthosia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. (3), overwintering in the concealed mummy. An additional specimen, lacking a mummy but labelled as reared doubtfully from the sesiid
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Rottemburg" authorityYear="1775" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Paranthrene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paranthrene tabaniformis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tabaniformis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paranthrene tabaniformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Rottemburg) (RMNH), which normally feeds under
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Populus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Populus" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Populus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bark at ground level or below, can be discounted as a probable substrate rearing in which the mummy of the true host was overlooked. Parasitised host larvae in their penultimate instar leave their feeding sites and enter the soil or other site of moderate concealment (including below loose bark), where they prepare a chamber as though to pupate. At this time the parasitoid larva within the strongly retarded host (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 234–239" captionStartId="F37" captionText="Figures 234 - 239. Aleiodes dissector (Nees), U. K., Scotland (in culture) parasitising Orthosia incerta (Hufnagel) 234 pre-mummy, removed from its hideaway, with unparasitised control from the same egg batch (below) 235 pre-mummy 236 early mummification 237 mummy with ventral ooze 238 three fully hard mummies 239 emerged mummy, cut open to expose silken lining." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures234-239" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390081" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">234</figureCitation>
|
||
) is around half its final length, and the host lies quiescent for approx. a week until the parasitoid has completed its feeding (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 234–239" captionStartId="F37" captionText="Figures 234 - 239. Aleiodes dissector (Nees), U. K., Scotland (in culture) parasitising Orthosia incerta (Hufnagel) 234 pre-mummy, removed from its hideaway, with unparasitised control from the same egg batch (below) 235 pre-mummy 236 early mummification 237 mummy with ventral ooze 238 three fully hard mummies 239 emerged mummy, cut open to expose silken lining." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures234-239" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390081" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">235</figureCitation>
|
||
). During mummification (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 234–239" captionStartId="F37" captionText="Figures 234 - 239. Aleiodes dissector (Nees), U. K., Scotland (in culture) parasitising Orthosia incerta (Hufnagel) 234 pre-mummy, removed from its hideaway, with unparasitised control from the same egg batch (below) 235 pre-mummy 236 early mummification 237 mummy with ventral ooze 238 three fully hard mummies 239 emerged mummy, cut open to expose silken lining." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures234-239" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390081" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">236</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 234–239" captionStartId="F37" captionText="Figures 234 - 239. Aleiodes dissector (Nees), U. K., Scotland (in culture) parasitising Orthosia incerta (Hufnagel) 234 pre-mummy, removed from its hideaway, with unparasitised control from the same egg batch (below) 235 pre-mummy 236 early mummification 237 mummy with ventral ooze 238 three fully hard mummies 239 emerged mummy, cut open to expose silken lining." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures234-239" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390081" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">237</figureCitation>
|
||
) the caudal end of the host recurves ventrally as the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="host’s">host's</normalizedToken>
|
||
body becomes weakly retracted. A ventral opening at the head end is made, but the head (as with the caudal segments) is usually tucked downwards rather than becoming raised, and so the resulting expelled fluid (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 234–239" captionStartId="F37" captionText="Figures 234 - 239. Aleiodes dissector (Nees), U. K., Scotland (in culture) parasitising Orthosia incerta (Hufnagel) 234 pre-mummy, removed from its hideaway, with unparasitised control from the same egg batch (below) 235 pre-mummy 236 early mummification 237 mummy with ventral ooze 238 three fully hard mummies 239 emerged mummy, cut open to expose silken lining." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures234-239" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390081" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">237</figureCitation>
|
||
) usually dries without the mummy becoming stuck down. The eventual outcome is a rather distinctive (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 234–239" captionStartId="F37" captionText="Figures 234 - 239. Aleiodes dissector (Nees), U. K., Scotland (in culture) parasitising Orthosia incerta (Hufnagel) 234 pre-mummy, removed from its hideaway, with unparasitised control from the same egg batch (below) 235 pre-mummy 236 early mummification 237 mummy with ventral ooze 238 three fully hard mummies 239 emerged mummy, cut open to expose silken lining." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures234-239" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390081" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">238</figureCitation>
|
||
) elongate and curved dark brown structure with a paler and weakly raised lateral keel. The
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="parasitoid’s">parasitoid's</normalizedToken>
|
||
pupation chamber occupies ca 2nd-8th abdominal segments of the host, which are moderately strongly lined with silk (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 234–239" captionStartId="F37" captionText="Figures 234 - 239. Aleiodes dissector (Nees), U. K., Scotland (in culture) parasitising Orthosia incerta (Hufnagel) 234 pre-mummy, removed from its hideaway, with unparasitised control from the same egg batch (below) 235 pre-mummy 236 early mummification 237 mummy with ventral ooze 238 three fully hard mummies 239 emerged mummy, cut open to expose silken lining." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures234-239" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390081" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">239</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The moderately large hypoclypeal opening and protruding sharp-rimmed clypeus of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. dissector" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="dissector">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. dissector</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is seen in some other species (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. modestus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="modestus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. modestus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Reinhard), treated in part 1 of this work) whose hosts also pupate in shallow soil. In culture experiments
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. dissector" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="dissector">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. dissector</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found to prefer hosts in the early to middle part of the 3rd instar, although late 2nd instar host were often also acceptable. Oviposition into suitable hosts was rapid (1-2 seconds) and accomplished with a single insertion of the ovipositor, following only brief antennation and no use of the legs. There was no clear temporary paralysis. Experimental rearings from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. incerta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="incerta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. incerta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(6:107\85\\75+10) and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. gothica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gothica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. gothica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(6:61\49\\34+15) were comparable (given that some insertions of less than a full second might have been scored as ovipositions incorrectly; and furthermore that some failures to oviposit into these hosts might be ascribed to temporary egg depletion, as the protocol of normally ceasing to offer hosts to a particular female after four apparent ovipositions on the day had not been developed until after the experiments were undertaken), and clearly demonstrated the suitability of both species as hosts. In contrast, no parasitoids developed (and indeed possibly no ovipositions occurred) in the other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Orthosia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthosia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Orthosia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tested, which were all found to be clearly outside the host range:
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. cerasi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cerasi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. cerasi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fabricius) (3:32\?3\\0+3);
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. cruda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cruda">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. cruda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Denis &
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Schiffermüller">Schiffermueller</normalizedToken>
|
||
) (2:12\0\\-);
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. munda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="munda">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. munda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Denis &
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Schiffermüller">Schiffermueller</normalizedToken>
|
||
) (3:10\0\\-);
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. gracilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Denis &
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Schiffermüller">Schiffermueller</normalizedToken>
|
||
) (2:11\?1\\0+1). Of these four, only
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. gracilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not fully arboreal. There is no adverse venom effect on host development.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Maximum width of hypoclypeal depression 0.6-0.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
minimum width of face (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 243–255" captionStartId="F39" captionText="Figures 243 - 255. Aleiodes dissector (Nees), ♀, Switzerland, Tessin 243 fore wing 244 hind wing 245 mesosoma lateral 246 mesosoma dorsal 247 propodeum and 1 st - 4 th metasomal tergites dorsal 248 fore femur lateral 249 hind femur lateral 250 outer hind tarsal claw 251 head anterior 252 head dorsal 253 head lateral 254 base of antenna 255 apex of antenna." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures243-255" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390083" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">251</figureCitation>
|
||
); OOL of ♀ 0.6-0.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
diameter of posterior ocellus (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 243–255" captionStartId="F39" captionText="Figures 243 - 255. Aleiodes dissector (Nees), ♀, Switzerland, Tessin 243 fore wing 244 hind wing 245 mesosoma lateral 246 mesosoma dorsal 247 propodeum and 1 st - 4 th metasomal tergites dorsal 248 fore femur lateral 249 hind femur lateral 250 outer hind tarsal claw 251 head anterior 252 head dorsal 253 head lateral 254 base of antenna 255 apex of antenna." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures243-255" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390083" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">252</figureCitation>
|
||
) and sparsely punctate; ventral margin of anterior part of clypeus comparatively sharp and more or less protruding outwards (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 243–255" captionStartId="F39" captionText="Figures 243 - 255. Aleiodes dissector (Nees), ♀, Switzerland, Tessin 243 fore wing 244 hind wing 245 mesosoma lateral 246 mesosoma dorsal 247 propodeum and 1 st - 4 th metasomal tergites dorsal 248 fore femur lateral 249 hind femur lateral 250 outer hind tarsal claw 251 head anterior 252 head dorsal 253 head lateral 254 base of antenna 255 apex of antenna." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures243-255" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390083" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">253</figureCitation>
|
||
); length of malar space 0.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
length of eye in lateral view (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 243–255" captionStartId="F39" captionText="Figures 243 - 255. Aleiodes dissector (Nees), ♀, Switzerland, Tessin 243 fore wing 244 hind wing 245 mesosoma lateral 246 mesosoma dorsal 247 propodeum and 1 st - 4 th metasomal tergites dorsal 248 fore femur lateral 249 hind femur lateral 250 outer hind tarsal claw 251 head anterior 252 head dorsal 253 head lateral 254 base of antenna 255 apex of antenna." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures243-255" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390083" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">253</figureCitation>
|
||
); head transverse in dorsal view and eye 1.5-2.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as temple in dorsal view (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 243–255" captionStartId="F39" captionText="Figures 243 - 255. Aleiodes dissector (Nees), ♀, Switzerland, Tessin 243 fore wing 244 hind wing 245 mesosoma lateral 246 mesosoma dorsal 247 propodeum and 1 st - 4 th metasomal tergites dorsal 248 fore femur lateral 249 hind femur lateral 250 outer hind tarsal claw 251 head anterior 252 head dorsal 253 head lateral 254 base of antenna 255 apex of antenna." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures243-255" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390083" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">252</figureCitation>
|
||
); lobes of mesoscutum punctulate, with interspaces smooth to superficially micro-sculptured; precoxal area completely smooth or nearly so; vein 1-CU1 of fore wing 0.2-0.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
vein 2-CU1 and horizontal (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 243–255" captionStartId="F39" captionText="Figures 243 - 255. Aleiodes dissector (Nees), ♀, Switzerland, Tessin 243 fore wing 244 hind wing 245 mesosoma lateral 246 mesosoma dorsal 247 propodeum and 1 st - 4 th metasomal tergites dorsal 248 fore femur lateral 249 hind femur lateral 250 outer hind tarsal claw 251 head anterior 252 head dorsal 253 head lateral 254 base of antenna 255 apex of antenna." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures243-255" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390083" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">243</figureCitation>
|
||
); hind tarsal claws with conspicuous dark brown pecten close to apical tooth (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 243–255" captionStartId="F39" captionText="Figures 243 - 255. Aleiodes dissector (Nees), ♀, Switzerland, Tessin 243 fore wing 244 hind wing 245 mesosoma lateral 246 mesosoma dorsal 247 propodeum and 1 st - 4 th metasomal tergites dorsal 248 fore femur lateral 249 hind femur lateral 250 outer hind tarsal claw 251 head anterior 252 head dorsal 253 head lateral 254 base of antenna 255 apex of antenna." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures243-255" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390083" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">250</figureCitation>
|
||
); 1st tergite rounded antero-laterally and 1.0-1.1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide apically; basal half of metasoma black and weakly sculptured; 3rd tergite smooth; head black; palpi yellowish; basal half of hind tibia pale yellowish, but in some males almost uniformly dark; 4th-6th tergites of males depressed medially and conspicuously setose (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 256–263" captionStartId="F40" captionText="Figures 256 - 263. Aleiodes dissector (Nees), ♂, Austria, Kaernten 256 habitus lateral 257 head dorsal 258 3 rd- 7 th tergites lateral 259 mesosoma dorsal 260 1 st- 6 th metasomal tergites dorsal 261 fore femur lateral 262 head anterior 263 hind femur lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures256-263" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390084" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">258</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Redescribed ♀ (RMNH) from Austria (Burgenland, Winden am See). Length of fore wing 8.5 mm, of body 9.0 mm.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head.</emphasis>
|
||
Antennal segments of ♀ 60, antenna as long as fore wing, its subapical segments rather slender, slightly longer than wide; frons largely smooth; OOL 0.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
diameter of posterior ocellus, sparsely punctate, shiny and with deep groove near posterior ocellus (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 243–255" captionStartId="F39" captionText="Figures 243 - 255. Aleiodes dissector (Nees), ♀, Switzerland, Tessin 243 fore wing 244 hind wing 245 mesosoma lateral 246 mesosoma dorsal 247 propodeum and 1 st - 4 th metasomal tergites dorsal 248 fore femur lateral 249 hind femur lateral 250 outer hind tarsal claw 251 head anterior 252 head dorsal 253 head lateral 254 base of antenna 255 apex of antenna." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures243-255" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390083" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">252</figureCitation>
|
||
); vertex sparsely punctate, rather shiny; clypeus coarsely punctate; ventral margin of clypeus rather thin and forward protruding (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 243–255" captionStartId="F39" captionText="Figures 243 - 255. Aleiodes dissector (Nees), ♀, Switzerland, Tessin 243 fore wing 244 hind wing 245 mesosoma lateral 246 mesosoma dorsal 247 propodeum and 1 st - 4 th metasomal tergites dorsal 248 fore femur lateral 249 hind femur lateral 250 outer hind tarsal claw 251 head anterior 252 head dorsal 253 head lateral 254 base of antenna 255 apex of antenna." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures243-255" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390083" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">253</figureCitation>
|
||
); width of hypoclypeal depression 0.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
minimum width of face (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 243–255" captionStartId="F39" captionText="Figures 243 - 255. Aleiodes dissector (Nees), ♀, Switzerland, Tessin 243 fore wing 244 hind wing 245 mesosoma lateral 246 mesosoma dorsal 247 propodeum and 1 st - 4 th metasomal tergites dorsal 248 fore femur lateral 249 hind femur lateral 250 outer hind tarsal claw 251 head anterior 252 head dorsal 253 head lateral 254 base of antenna 255 apex of antenna." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures243-255" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390083" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">251</figureCitation>
|
||
); length of eye 1.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
temple in dorsal view (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 243–255" captionStartId="F39" captionText="Figures 243 - 255. Aleiodes dissector (Nees), ♀, Switzerland, Tessin 243 fore wing 244 hind wing 245 mesosoma lateral 246 mesosoma dorsal 247 propodeum and 1 st - 4 th metasomal tergites dorsal 248 fore femur lateral 249 hind femur lateral 250 outer hind tarsal claw 251 head anterior 252 head dorsal 253 head lateral 254 base of antenna 255 apex of antenna." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures243-255" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390083" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">252</figureCitation>
|
||
); vertex behind stemmaticum superficially rugose-punctate; clypeus near lower level of eyes; length of malar space 0.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
length of eye in lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mesosoma.</emphasis>
|
||
Mesoscutal lobes punctulate with interspaces superficially micro-sculptured and shiny; precoxal area of mesopleuron smooth except some punctulation, mesopleuron punctulate anteriorly and posteriorly; metapleuron densely punctate; metanotum with nearly complete median carina; scutellum flat (but with rugulose depression medio-posteriorly), remainder punctulate and with weak lateral carinae; propodeum evenly convex and coarsely rugose, and medio-longitudinal carina absent posteriorly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Wings.</emphasis>
|
||
Fore wing: r 0.4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
3-SR; 1-CU1 horizontal, 0.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
2-CU1; r-m 0.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
3-SR; 2nd submarginal cell medium-sized (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 243–255" captionStartId="F39" captionText="Figures 243 - 255. Aleiodes dissector (Nees), ♀, Switzerland, Tessin 243 fore wing 244 hind wing 245 mesosoma lateral 246 mesosoma dorsal 247 propodeum and 1 st - 4 th metasomal tergites dorsal 248 fore femur lateral 249 hind femur lateral 250 outer hind tarsal claw 251 head anterior 252 head dorsal 253 head lateral 254 base of antenna 255 apex of antenna." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures243-255" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390083" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">243</figureCitation>
|
||
); cu-a inclivous, straight; 1-M straight posteriorly; 1-SR medium-sized; surroundings of M+CU1, 1-M and 1-CU1 largely setose. Hind wing: marginal cell rather narrow basally, apical half gradually widened, its apical width 3.1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
width at level of hamuli (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 243–255" captionStartId="F39" captionText="Figures 243 - 255. Aleiodes dissector (Nees), ♀, Switzerland, Tessin 243 fore wing 244 hind wing 245 mesosoma lateral 246 mesosoma dorsal 247 propodeum and 1 st - 4 th metasomal tergites dorsal 248 fore femur lateral 249 hind femur lateral 250 outer hind tarsal claw 251 head anterior 252 head dorsal 253 head lateral 254 base of antenna 255 apex of antenna." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures243-255" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390083" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">244</figureCitation>
|
||
); 2-SC+R subquadrate; m-cu absent; M+CU:1-M = 35:33; 1r-m 0.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1-M.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Legs.</emphasis>
|
||
Tarsal claws with conspicuous and robust dark brown pecten (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 243–255" captionStartId="F39" captionText="Figures 243 - 255. Aleiodes dissector (Nees), ♀, Switzerland, Tessin 243 fore wing 244 hind wing 245 mesosoma lateral 246 mesosoma dorsal 247 propodeum and 1 st - 4 th metasomal tergites dorsal 248 fore femur lateral 249 hind femur lateral 250 outer hind tarsal claw 251 head anterior 252 head dorsal 253 head lateral 254 base of antenna 255 apex of antenna." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures243-255" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390083" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">250</figureCitation>
|
||
); hind coxa distinctly punctate and with some oblique striae postero-dorsally; hind trochantellus robust; length of hind femur and basitarsus 3.8 and 5.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
their width, respectively; length of inner hind spur 0.45
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
hind basitarsus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Metasoma.</emphasis>
|
||
First tergite flattened, basally narrowed, as long as wide apically; 1st and 2nd tergites with medio-longitudinal carina and largely finely punctate-rugose, but posterior quarter of 2nd tergite irregularly rugose and no median carina; medio-basal area of 2nd tergite wide and triangular, distinct (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 243–255" captionStartId="F39" captionText="Figures 243 - 255. Aleiodes dissector (Nees), ♀, Switzerland, Tessin 243 fore wing 244 hind wing 245 mesosoma lateral 246 mesosoma dorsal 247 propodeum and 1 st - 4 th metasomal tergites dorsal 248 fore femur lateral 249 hind femur lateral 250 outer hind tarsal claw 251 head anterior 252 head dorsal 253 head lateral 254 base of antenna 255 apex of antenna." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures243-255" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390083" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">247</figureCitation>
|
||
); 2nd suture rather deep and micro-sculptured; 3rd and subsequent tergites largely smooth; apical half of 3rd and 4th tergites without sharp lateral crease; ovipositor sheath wide, with long and medium-sized setae and apically truncate (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 240–242" captionStartId="F38" captionText="Figures 240 - 242. Aleiodes dissector (Nees), ♀, Switzerland, Tessin, but 242 from Scotland (culture) 240 habitus lateral 241 ovipositor sheath lateral 242 mummy of Orthosia incerta (Hufnagel)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures240-242" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390082" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">241</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colour.</emphasis>
|
||
Black; apical half of hind tibia and hind tarsus blackish; basal half of hind tibia pale yellowish; remainder of legs, palpi and tegulae yellowish brown; most veins and pterostigma dark brown; wing membrane slightly yellowish basally and remainder slightly infuscate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
Interspaces between punctulation of mesoscutum smooth to superficially micro-sculptured; medio-longitudinal carina of propodeum complete or absent posteriorly; 3rd metasomal tergite largely finely sculptured (except posteriorly) to largely smooth; mesopleuron black or with brownish longitudinal stripe; hind tibia usually ivory or pale yellowish basally. Antennal segments: ♀ 51(2), 55(2), 56(7), 57(4), 58(7), 59(12), 60(14), 61(18), 62(6), 63(4); ♂ 51(1), 53(2), 54(2), 55(4), 56(8), 57(29), 58(29), 59(27), 60(15), 61(4), 62(4), 63(2), 64(2). Females have on average ca one to two more antennal segments than males. Males are very similar but hind femur more or less blackish and, in some males, hind tibia almost uniformly dark, OOL approx. as long as diameter of posterior ocellus (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 256–263" captionStartId="F40" captionText="Figures 256 - 263. Aleiodes dissector (Nees), ♂, Austria, Kaernten 256 habitus lateral 257 head dorsal 258 3 rd- 7 th tergites lateral 259 mesosoma dorsal 260 1 st- 6 th metasomal tergites dorsal 261 fore femur lateral 262 head anterior 263 hind femur lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures256-263" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390084" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">257</figureCitation>
|
||
) and apical tergites type 3-4 with fringe long and strong (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 256–263" captionStartId="F40" captionText="Figures 256 - 263. Aleiodes dissector (Nees), ♂, Austria, Kaernten 256 habitus lateral 257 head dorsal 258 3 rd- 7 th tergites lateral 259 mesosoma dorsal 260 1 st- 6 th metasomal tergites dorsal 261 fore femur lateral 262 head anterior 263 hind femur lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures256-263" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390084" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">258</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 256–263" captionStartId="F40" captionText="Figures 256 - 263. Aleiodes dissector (Nees), ♂, Austria, Kaernten 256 habitus lateral 257 head dorsal 258 3 rd- 7 th tergites lateral 259 mesosoma dorsal 260 1 st- 6 th metasomal tergites dorsal 261 fore femur lateral 262 head anterior 263 hind femur lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures256-263" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390084" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">260</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">*Armenia, *Austria, British Isles (England, Scotland), Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, *Greece, Hungary, *Montenegro, *Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, *Serbia, Switzerland, Ukraine.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures234-239" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390081" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figures 234–239" startId="F37">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figures 234-239.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityYear="1834" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes dissector" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dissector">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aleiodes dissector</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Nees), U.K., Scotland (in culture) parasitising
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hufnagel" authorityYear="1767" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Orthosia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthosia incerta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Orthosia incerta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hufnagel)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">234</emphasis>
|
||
pre-mummy, removed from its hideaway, with unparasitised control from the same egg batch (below)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">235</emphasis>
|
||
pre-mummy
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">236</emphasis>
|
||
early mummification
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">237</emphasis>
|
||
mummy with ventral ooze
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">238</emphasis>
|
||
three fully hard mummies
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">239</emphasis>
|
||
emerged mummy, cut open to expose silken lining.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures240-242" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390082" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figures 240–242" startId="F38">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figures 240-242.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityYear="1834" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes dissector" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dissector">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aleiodes dissector</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Nees), ♀, Switzerland, Tessin, but 242 from Scotland (culture)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">240</emphasis>
|
||
habitus lateral
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">241</emphasis>
|
||
ovipositor sheath lateral
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">242</emphasis>
|
||
mummy of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hufnagel" authorityYear="1767" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Orthosia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthosia incerta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Orthosia incerta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hufnagel).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures243-255" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390083" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figures 243–255" startId="F39">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figures 243-255.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityYear="1834" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes dissector" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dissector">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aleiodes dissector</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Nees), ♀, Switzerland, Tessin
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">243</emphasis>
|
||
fore wing
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">244</emphasis>
|
||
hind wing
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">245</emphasis>
|
||
mesosoma lateral
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">246</emphasis>
|
||
mesosoma dorsal
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">247</emphasis>
|
||
propodeum and 1st -4th metasomal tergites dorsal
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">248</emphasis>
|
||
fore femur lateral
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">249</emphasis>
|
||
hind femur lateral
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">250</emphasis>
|
||
outer hind tarsal claw
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">251</emphasis>
|
||
head anterior
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">252</emphasis>
|
||
head dorsal
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">253</emphasis>
|
||
head lateral
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">254</emphasis>
|
||
base of antenna
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">255</emphasis>
|
||
apex of antenna.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.919.39642.figures256-263" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/390084" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figures 256–263" startId="F40">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figures 256-263.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityYear="1834" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes dissector" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dissector">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aleiodes dissector</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Nees), ♂, Austria,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kärnten">Kaernten</normalizedToken>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">256</emphasis>
|
||
habitus lateral
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">257</emphasis>
|
||
head dorsal
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">258</emphasis>
|
||
3rd-7th tergites lateral
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">259</emphasis>
|
||
mesosoma dorsal
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">260</emphasis>
|
||
1st-6th metasomal tergites dorsal
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">261</emphasis>
|
||
fore femur lateral
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">262</emphasis>
|
||
head anterior
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">263</emphasis>
|
||
hind femur lateral.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |