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<document id="D3610BDB4AA20BF766BD6FA534DF4B5E" ID-CLB-Dataset="46145" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.204366" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ffca2dce-c6f7-4493-af4c-799a1a5496d7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="204366" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460401622007" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan" docDate="2011" docId="227C87F1FFD3FF9AE0D2B89A3E27FDC6" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03065p013.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3065" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Zebe tabiwah Mitroiu &amp; Darling, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="DE45FF89FFD4FF92E045BB1C3A37FF99" masterDocTitle="New Pireninae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) from South-East Asia" masterLastPageNumber="13" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="8" updateTime="1698299269951" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="BEC0A30FD93DD7B619264CE505512793" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="5CE1323EE92E04297ED660A8EB4D0E10">
<mods:title id="C65D99B5EA3DFA0E0A1751BF40DACDB2">New Pireninae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) from South-East Asia</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="BC4E359E177618FF5192BA87A98DA41F" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B6CE3F0CAF4EA8A9821089D08432BB2E">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F22FA69C5C911A49FCC7E8BDEE7E6A23">Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="2926A16D5D12780C5A1EDF49BD548A18">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="D541450D95A9A9BFBF3C242A518AC2E8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="045966EE6FBDEBFC0C5B6872F654555B">
<mods:date id="FC630E81E75DBE25926EC782461A8385">2011</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="ED6503FBCBB712CAD72F42023FBB487E" type="volume">
<mods:number id="AAB37DED80A7D461D0E096B5BCA839E8">3065</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:start id="2F9E40337836E3579916DCE46633F8E0">1</mods:start>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="84C90E82494435B6BB99FA3E2591B0E9">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="0099B1E1BB68A7CFA41F723CA69F9B70" type="CLB-Dataset">46145</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="78A1429C1AB6946A8809757ADDDCF10B" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.204366</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6E1B538915252DB822E401E54A8BCCC7" type="GBIF-Dataset">ffca2dce-c6f7-4493-af4c-799a1a5496d7</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E7C9334C63403CFE424495CBF91ACDCE" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="31E4921730FF606C290EFCA7A82FF352" type="Zenodo-Dep">204366</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="227C87F1FFD3FF9AE0D2B89A3E27FDC6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6189607" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119419984" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6189607" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CBEC06D7-06B0-496D-A56D-04A5F3F60D25" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/227C87F1FFD3FF9AE0D2B89A3E27FDC6" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<subSubSection id="E2CF656CFFD3FF95E0D2B89A3ADCFC5B" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="AA6A36E7FFD3FF95E0D2B89A384AFC06" blockId="7.[151,637,902,962]" box="[151,637,902,927]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<heading id="F122818BFFD3FF95E0D2B89A384AFC06" bold="true" box="[151,637,902,927]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="2">
<emphasis id="98A1EAF5FFD3FF95E0D2B89A384AFC06" bold="true" box="[151,637,902,927]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="6DD54D64FFD3FF95E0D2B89A382FFC06" authority="Mitroiu &amp; Darling" authorityName="Mitroiu &amp; Darling" box="[151,536,902,927]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Zebe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tabiwah" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="98A1EAF5FFD3FF95E0D2B89A3B06FC06" bold="true" box="[151,305,902,927]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Zebe tabiwah</emphasis>
Mitroiu &amp; Darling
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8392578EFFD3FF95E261B89B384AFC06" box="[548,637,903,927]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA6A36E7FFD3FF95E0D2B8B63ADCFC5B" blockId="7.[151,637,902,962]" box="[151,235,938,962]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
(
<figureCitation id="32EE2A62FFD3FF95E0DAB8B63AD4FC5B" box="[159,227,938,962]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1197,1220]" captionText="FIGURE 6. Holotype of Zebe tabiwah sp. nov., lateral habitus." pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E2CF656CFFD3FF95E0D2B8F038D7FBBE" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="AA6A36E7FFD3FF95E0D2B8F038D7FBBE" blockId="7.[151,1437,1004,2036]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="98A1EAF5FFD3FF95E0D2B8F03B29FB9D" bold="true" box="[151,286,1004,1028]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Etymology.</emphasis>
In the Berawan language the word “
<taxonomicName id="6DD54D64FFD3FF95E2F3B8F03924FB9D" box="[694,787,1004,1028]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Zebe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tabiwah">tabiwah</taxonomicName>
” means confusing, an allusion to the confusion caused by finding the
<typeStatus id="756E8845FFD3FF95E15DBF133B4DFBBE" box="[280,378,1039,1063]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
in association with
<taxonomicName id="6DD54D64FFD3FF95E21FBF0D38EEFBB1" box="[602,729,1041,1064]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Zebe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornutus">
<emphasis id="98A1EAF5FFD3FF95E21FBF0D38EEFBB1" box="[602,729,1041,1064]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Z. cornutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E2CF656CFFD3FF95E080BF2F3F18FB45" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="AA6A36E7FFD3FF95E080BF2F3F18FB45" blockId="7.[151,1437,1004,2036]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="98A1EAF5FFD3FF95E080BF2F3B08FBD5" bold="true" box="[197,319,1075,1100]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Females of this species can be recognized by the following characters: mesoscutum with a small but obvious protuberance that does not extend beyond anterior edge of mesosoma; F5 about 1.4× as long as broad; pecten about 2/3 length of hind tibia; metasoma about 1.3× as long as head plus mesosoma. The fore wing is very different from both known specimens of
<taxonomicName id="6DD54D64FFD3FF95E22DBFBD38DEFB21" box="[616,745,1185,1208]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Zebe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornutus">
<emphasis id="98A1EAF5FFD3FF95E22DBFBD38DEFB21" box="[616,745,1185,1208]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Z. cornutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="32EE2A62FFD3FF95E2BFBF833908FB2E" box="[762,831,1183,1207]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1197,1220]" captionText="FIGURE 6. Holotype of Zebe tabiwah sp. nov., lateral habitus." pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
, cf.
<figureCitation id="32EE2A62FFD3FF95E334BF833980FB2E" box="[881,951,1183,1207]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,735,758]" captionTargetBox="[358,1228,195,714]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[358,1228,195,714]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Female of Zebe cornutus La Salle, lateral habitus, with detail of the stigmal vein (ROM _ OSU 308172)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204371/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
): the stigmal vein is elongate and angulate (cf. short and straight) and the apical setae are much longer, almost 1/2 the wing width (cf. less than 1/3).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E2CF656CFFD3FF95E080BFFB3BB1F961" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
<paragraph id="AA6A36E7FFD3FF95E080BFFB389AFA99" blockId="7.[151,1437,1004,2036]" box="[197,685,1255,1280]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="98A1EAF5FFD3FF95E080BFFB3B8CFA99" bold="true" box="[197,443,1255,1280]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Description. Female.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="98A1EAF5FFD3FF95E187BFF4387EFA99" box="[450,585,1256,1280]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Body length</emphasis>
.
<quantity id="6D2D9B02FFD3FF95E212BFFB389AFA99" box="[599,685,1255,1280]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA6A36E7FFD3FF95E080BE1038BFFA09" blockId="7.[151,1437,1004,2036]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="98A1EAF5FFD3FF95E080BE103B24FABD" box="[197,275,1292,1316]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Colour</emphasis>
. Body dark brown, without metallic reflections; mandibles light brown; eyes reddish; scape yellowish, flagellum brown; coxae, trochanters and bases of femora whitish; rest of femora brown; fore and mid tibiae yellowish; basal half of hind tibia brown, rest of hind tibia yellowish; tarsi yellowish, last segment brown; tegulae dark brown, wings hyaline, venation light brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA6A36E7FFD3FF95E080BE803AE9FA65" blockId="7.[151,1437,1004,2036]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="98A1EAF5FFD3FF95E080BE803B36FA2D" box="[197,257,1436,1460]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Head</emphasis>
. Eye about 1.4× as high as long. Antenna with scape distinctly shorter than eye height and about equal to eye length. Flagellar segments as in
<taxonomicName id="6DD54D64FFD3FF95E269BEDD3894FA41" box="[556,675,1472,1496]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Zebe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darlingi">
<emphasis id="98A1EAF5FFD3FF95E269BEDD3894FA41" box="[556,675,1472,1496]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Z. darlingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but F5 longer, about 1.4× as long as broad; clava length about 3.6× width.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA6A36E7FFD3FF95E080BD153F7CF9F1" blockId="7.[151,1437,1004,2036]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="98A1EAF5FFD3FF95E080BD153B0AF9B9" box="[197,317,1545,1568]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Mesosoma</emphasis>
. In profile moderately arched dorsally, length about 1.4× width and about 1.1× as wide as high. Anterior part of mesoscutum with a small but obvious protuberance which does not extend beyond anterior edge of mesosoma. Fore wing similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="6DD54D64FFD3FF95E210BD4D38FAF9F1" box="[597,717,1616,1640]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Zebe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darlingi">
<emphasis id="98A1EAF5FFD3FF95E210BD4D38FAF9F1" box="[597,717,1616,1640]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Z. darlingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; M:S:P = 24:6.5:9. Pecten about 2/3 length of hind tibia.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA6A36E7FFD3FF95E080BD693B41F94D" blockId="7.[151,1437,1004,2036]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="98A1EAF5FFD3FF95E080BD693B0EF915" box="[197,313,1653,1676]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Metasoma</emphasis>
. Elongated, laterally compressed, length including ovipositor sheaths about 3.5× width, about 1.3× as long as head plus mesosoma. Fifth and sixth metasomal tergites, hypopygium and ovipositor sheaths similar to those of
<taxonomicName id="6DD54D64FFD3FF95E0B2BDA13B59F94D" box="[247,366,1724,1748]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Zebe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darlingi">
<emphasis id="98A1EAF5FFD3FF95E0B2BDA13B59F94D" box="[247,366,1724,1748]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Z. darlingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA6A36E7FFD3FF95E080BDFC3BB1F961" blockId="7.[151,1437,1004,2036]" box="[197,390,1760,1784]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="98A1EAF5FFD3FF95E080BDFC3B3EF961" bold="true" box="[197,265,1760,1784]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Male.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E2CF656CFFD3FF95E080BC1F3B6DF81E" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="AA6A36E7FFD3FF95E080BC1F3B6DF81E" blockId="7.[151,1437,1004,2036]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="98A1EAF5FFD3FF95E080BC1F3B87F885" bold="true" box="[197,432,1795,1820]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Material examined.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="756E8845FFD3FF95E1FDBC183817F885" box="[440,544,1796,1820]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
Ƥ: “
<collectingCountry id="D2C27677FFD3FF95E212BC1838D9F885" box="[599,750,1796,1820]" name="Malaysia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MALAYSIA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="D2C27677FFD3FF95E2BFBC183968F885" box="[762,863,1796,1820]" name="Malaysia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
: Borneo Gunung Mulu National Park,
<specimenCount id="BCD3FD6EFFD3FF95E552BC193F6EF885" box="[1303,1369,1797,1820]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="generic">
<quantity id="6D2D9B02FFD3FF95E552BC193F62F885" box="[1303,1365,1797,1820]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="77.0">77 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
Long Lansat, in forest,
<date id="DE6B1027FFD3FF95E11ABC3B3868F8A6" box="[351,607,1831,1856]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2010-05-23" valueMax="2010-06-18" valueMin="2010-05-23">23 May - 18 Jun 2010</date>
,
<collectionCode id="CCC4AE22FFD3FF95E229BC3B389BF8A6" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34778" box="[620,684,1831,1855]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34778" name="Royal Ontario Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ROM</collectionCode>
_
<collectionCode id="CCC4AE22FFD3FF95E2FEBC3B38C5F8A6" box="[699,754,1831,1855]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9iaf-dk63" name="Ohio State University" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">OSU</collectionCode>
308172”, “
<geoCoordinate id="CFE15020FFD3FF95E333BC3B39DCF8A6" box="[886,1003,1831,1855]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="1" value="4.00165">4°0.099'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="CFE15020FFD3FF95E3BDBC3B3EA5F8A6" box="[1016,1170,1831,1855]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="1" value="114.81498">114°48.899'E</geoCoordinate>
, Malaise trap (
<collectionCode id="CCC4AE22FFD3FF95E579BC3B3FB8F8A6" box="[1340,1423,1831,1855]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">SLAM</collectionCode>
), DC Darling”, “Digital Image Voucher SAR 10-2 Royal Ontario Museum”, “
<typeStatus id="756E8845FFD3FF95E3B2BC503E55F8FD" box="[1015,1122,1868,1892]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
Ƥ
<taxonomicName id="6DD54D64FFD3FF95E4C2BC503AD8F81E" authority="Mitroiu &amp; Darling" authorityName="Mitroiu &amp; Darling" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Zebe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tabiwah">
<emphasis id="98A1EAF5FFD3FF95E4C2BC503F16F8FD" box="[1159,1313,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Zebe tabiwah</emphasis>
Mitroiu &amp; Darling
</taxonomicName>
” (
<collectionCode id="CCC4AE22FFD3FF95E14DBC733B79F81E" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34778" box="[264,334,1903,1927]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34778" name="Royal Ontario Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ROM</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E2CF656CFFD3FF95E080BC8F3843F86D" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="AA6A36E7FFD3FF95E080BC8F3843F86D" blockId="7.[151,1437,1004,2036]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="98A1EAF5FFD3FF95E080BC8F3B7AF835" bold="true" box="[197,333,1939,1964]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Comments.</emphasis>
The head of the
<typeStatus id="756E8845FFD3FF95E242BC88385EF835" box="[519,617,1940,1964]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is slightly collapsed hence some measurements could not be taken. However, other features of the mesosoma, metasoma and fore wings are considered sufficient to differentiate this species from both
<taxonomicName id="6DD54D64FFD3FF95E17ABCC13B80F86D" box="[319,439,2012,2036]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Zebe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darlingi">
<emphasis id="98A1EAF5FFD3FF95E17ABCC13B80F86D" box="[319,439,2012,2036]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Z. darlingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="6DD54D64FFD3FF95E1ABBCC1385AF86D" box="[494,621,2013,2036]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Zebe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornutus">
<emphasis id="98A1EAF5FFD3FF95E1ABBCC1385AF86D" box="[494,621,2013,2036]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Z. cornutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E2CF656CFFDCFF9AE080BB8B3BBBFF4D" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="AA6A36E7FFDCFF9AE080BB8B38AAFF36" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,607]" box="[197,669,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="98A1EAF5FFDCFF9AE080BB8B3B60FF29" bold="true" box="[197,343,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Distribution</emphasis>
. Known only from
<collectingCountry id="D2C27677FFDCFF9AE271BB8B38AFFF36" box="[564,664,151,175]" name="Malaysia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA6A36E7FFDCFF9AE080BBA03BBBFF4D" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,607]" box="[197,396,188,212]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="98A1EAF5FFDCFF9AE080BBA03B38FF4D" bold="true" box="[197,271,188,212]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Hosts.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E2CF656CFFDCFF9AE080BBFC3E27FDC6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="AA6A36E7FFDCFF9AE080BBFC3E27FDC6" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,607]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="98A1EAF5FFDCFF9AE080BBFC3B0EFF61" bold="true" box="[197,313,224,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Remarks.</emphasis>
Only two specimens of
<taxonomicName id="6DD54D64FFDCFF9AE222BBFC38A9FF61" box="[615,670,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Zebe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="98A1EAF5FFDCFF9AE222BBFC38A9FF61" box="[615,670,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Zebe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were collected during an extensive 2-year sampling program at Gunung Mulu National Park,
<collectingCountry id="D2C27677FFDCFF9AE1AEBA183879FE85" box="[491,590,260,284]" name="Malaysia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
, and both of these were found in the same Malaise trap sample (see comments on
<taxonomicName id="6DD54D64FFDCFF9AE143BA353BB1FED9" box="[262,390,297,320]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Zebe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornutus">
<emphasis id="98A1EAF5FFDCFF9AE143BA353BB1FED9" box="[262,390,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Z. cornutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
below). This seemed like too much of a coincidence and careful consideration was given to the hypothesis that the two specimens were conspecific. Disregarding the mesoscutal horn, the most obvious difference between the two sympatric specimens is body size:
<taxonomicName id="6DD54D64FFDCFF9AE35FBA6D39ADFE11" box="[794,922,369,392]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Zebe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornutus">
<emphasis id="98A1EAF5FFDCFF9AE35FBA6D39ADFE11" box="[794,922,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Z. cornutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is more than twice as long as the
<typeStatus id="756E8845FFDCFF9AE55EBA733F4AFE1E" box="[1307,1405,367,391]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="6DD54D64FFDCFF9AE0D2BA893B26FE35" box="[151,273,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Zebe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tabiwah">
<emphasis id="98A1EAF5FFDCFF9AE0D2BA893B26FE35" box="[151,273,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Z. tabiwah</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(approx.
<quantity id="6D2D9B02FFDCFF9AE1C5BA883BF4FE35" box="[384,451,404,428]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
versus
<quantity id="6D2D9B02FFDCFF9AE259BA88384FFE35" box="[540,632,404,428]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
). Both are females, which rules out sexual dimorphism. Consideration was also given to the idea of allometry in the development of the horn because there is a clear indication of a small protuberance in the smaller specimen. Allometric variation in horn size is well documented in dung beetles (
<taxonomicName id="6DD54D64FFDCFF9AE0DBBAE33B28FD8E" box="[158,287,511,535]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="6DD54D64FFDCFF9AE168BAE33BF4FD8E" box="[301,451,511,535]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Scarabaeidae</taxonomicName>
) and can occur in males and in females although it is much more common in males (
<bibRefCitation id="CE444B16FFDCFF9AE0DBB9383B47FDA5" author="Emlen" box="[158,368,548,572]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Emlen, D. J., Corley Lavine, L., and Ewen-Campen, B. (2007) On the origin and evolutionary diversification of beetle horns. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104, S 8661 - S 8668." type="journal article" year="2007">
Emlen
<emphasis id="98A1EAF5FFDCFF9AE0B7B9393B1CFDA5" box="[242,299,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
). However, closer examination of the fore wings (above) and of other characters suggests that the two females from
<collectingCountry id="D2C27677FFDCFF9AE1C8B95B3BDAFDC6" box="[397,493,583,607]" name="Malaysia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
are best regarded as separate, sympatric species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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