192 lines
21 KiB
XML
192 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="96FDE1CA75C2092E1F0E66B67ED28896" ID-CLB-Dataset="24105" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2019.585" ID-GBIF-Dataset="dca608e8-fccf-4c1c-b8df-ef0c28e1d518" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3660259" ID-ZooBank="181B6FBA-ED75-4BB4-84C4-FB512B794749" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1581251975682" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ebersole, Jun A., Cicimurri, David J. & Stringer, Gary L." docDate="2019" docId="18174D41FF47FF6DFDE19D764E3008DC" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-585_ebersole_cicimurri_stinger.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 585" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Diretmus Johnson 1864" docType="treatment" docVersion="19" lastPageNumber="195" masterDocId="E42E3539FF85FFAFFFC69F344D4B0F37" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths" masterLastPageNumber="274" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="195" updateTime="1698783570407" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="157D3F80591A15DA8BAAF99552D16A8A">Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="35BED0A956A2E1A5A07DEADB56D626D5">Ebersole, Jun A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1ECF85223BBDE14112EBECD678CBFD13">Cicimurri, David J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4AA6185B62943C6B79A516028F659282">Stringer, Gary L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="157AF6A801FB108F37A1897A7EAE7CC4">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="5731DE601236650D1C8860784E118C85">
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<mods:date id="06FFB6A36FFD63A08705919586DA1130">2019</mods:date>
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<treatment id="18174D41FF47FF6DFDE19D764E3008DC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3664424" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162072889" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3664424" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:18174D41FF47FF6DFDE19D764E3008DC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/18174D41FF47FF6DFDE19D764E3008DC" lastPageNumber="195" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">
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<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFF47FF6DFDE19D7649470D6B" box="[551,1036,577,604]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9001FC57FF47FF6DFDE19D7649470D6B" blockId="194.[551,1036,577,645]" box="[551,1036,577,604]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">
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<heading id="CB494B3BFF47FF6DFDE19D7649470D6B" box="[551,1036,577,604]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF47FF6DFDE19D764FEC0D6C" bold="true" box="[551,679,577,604]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">
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<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF47FF6DFDE19D764FDC0D6B" ID-CoL="46KG" ID-ENA="88681" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="1864" box="[551,663,578,604]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Diretmidae" genus="Diretmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beryciformes" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF47FF6DFDE19D764FDC0D6B" bold="true" box="[551,663,578,604]" italics="true" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">Diretmus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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?
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</emphasis>
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cf.
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<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF47FF6DFD159D7649470D6B" authority="(Muller, 1999)" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[723,1036,578,604]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Diretmidae" genus="Diretmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beryciformes" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serratus">
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<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF47FF6DFD159D764E120D6B" bold="true" box="[723,857,578,604]" italics="true" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">D. serratus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF47FF6DFCAE9D7649480D6B" author="Muller A." box="[872,1027,578,604]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" pagination="1 - 360" refId="ref146931" refString="Muller A. 1999. Ichthyofaunen aus dem atlantischen Tertiar der USA. Leipziger Geowissenschaften 9 - 10: 1 - 360." type="journal article" year="1999">Müller, 1999</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFF47FF6DFD129D5F4F9F0C22" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF47FF6DFD129D5F4E140DB2" blockId="194.[551,1036,577,645]" box="[724,863,619,645]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">
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<figureCitation id="0885E0D2FF47FF6DFD129D5F4E6C0DB2" box="[724,807,619,645]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="195.[189,232,1645,1671]" captionTargetBox="[205,1383,287,1593]" captionTargetId="figure@195.[189,1398,276,1606]" captionTargetPageId="195" captionText="Fig. 70. Claiborne Group, “upper” Lisbon Formation, otoliths. A–B. Diretmus? cf. D. serratus (Müller, 1999), MSC 42212. A. Inner face (left sagitta). B. Anterior view. — C–D. Preophidion meyeri (Koken, 1888), MSC 39055. C. Inner face (right sagitta). D. Dorsal view. — E–F. Preophidion cf. P. petropolis Frizzell & Dante, 1965, MSC 42193. E. Inner face (right sagitta). F. Dorsal view. — G–H. Signata stenzeli Frizzell & Dante, 1965, MSC 39051. G. Inner face (left sagitta). H. Dorsal view. — I–J. Signata nicoli Frizzell & Dante, 1965, MSC 39046. I. Inner face (left sagitta). J. Dorsal view. — K–L. Hoplobrotula melrosensis (Frizzell & Dante, 1965), MSC 37059.3. K. Inner face (right sagitta). L. Dorsal view. — M–N. Lepophidium? mucronata (Koken, 1888), MSC 39054. M. Inner face (left sagitta). N. Dorsal view. — O–P. Gobiidae Cuvier, 1816, indet. MSC 39045. O. Inner face (left sagitta). P. Dorsal view. — Q–R. Bothidae Smitt, 1892, indet. MSC 42235. Q. Inner face (right sagitta). R. Dorsal view. Scale bars: A–P= 2 mm; Q–R =1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3660395" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3660395/files/figure.png" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">Fig. 70</figureCitation>
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A–B
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9001FC57FF47FF6DFF7B9D874EAD0DFA" blockId="194.[189,998,691,717]" box="[189,998,691,717]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">
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“genus
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<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF47FF6DFED09D874CFE0DFA" box="[278,437,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">Caproidarum</emphasis>
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”
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<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF47FF6DFE0F9D804E4C0DFA" authority="Muller, 1999: 130" authorityName="Muller" authorityPageNumber="130" authorityYear="1999" box="[457,775,691,717]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Diretmidae" genus="Diretmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beryciformes" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serratus">
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<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF47FF6DFE0F9D804F620DFA" box="[457,553,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">serratus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF47FF6DFDF69D874E4C0DFA" author="Muller A." box="[560,775,691,717]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" pagination="1 - 360" refId="ref146931" refString="Muller A. 1999. Ichthyofaunen aus dem atlantischen Tertiar der USA. Leipziger Geowissenschaften 9 - 10: 1 - 360." type="journal article" year="1999">Müller, 1999: 130</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, pl. 29, figs 18–21.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9001FC57FF47FF6DFF7B9DCF4F9F0C22" blockId="194.[189,724,763,790]" box="[189,724,763,790]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">
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“
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<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF47FF6DFF0C9DCF4C0A0C22" box="[202,321,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">Diretmida</emphasis>
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”
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<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF47FF6DFE909DC84CE00C22" box="[342,427,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">serrata</emphasis>
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–
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<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF47FF6DFE0E9DCF4F240C22" author="Nolf D." box="[456,623,763,789]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" refId="ref147755" refString="Nolf D. 2013. The Diversity of Fish Otoliths, Past and Present. Operational directorate " Earth and History of Life " of the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels." type="book" year="2013">Nolf 2013: 78</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 163.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFF47FF6DFF7B9C77494A0CA5" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF47FF6DFF7B9C774CE10C6A" blockId="194.[189,426,835,861]" box="[189,426,835,861]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">
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<heading id="CB494B3BFF47FF6DFF7B9C774CE10C6A" bold="true" box="[189,426,835,861]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF47FF6DFF7B9C774CE10C6A" bold="true" box="[189,426,835,861]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">Material examined</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9001FC57FF47FF6DFF7B9C4C494A0CA5" blockId="194.[189,1025,888,914]" box="[189,1025,888,914]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">
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<materialsCitation id="20D6F60AFF47FF6DFF7B9C4C4EB70CA5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2564277983" box="[189,1020,888,914]" collectionCode="MSC" country="United States of America" location="Alabama" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alabama">
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<collectingCountry id="E8A9BCC7FF47FF6DFF7B9C4C4F1B0CA5" box="[189,592,888,914]" name="United States of America" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">UNITED STATES OF AMERICA</collectingCountry>
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||
–
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<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF47FF6DFDAB9C4C4F940CA5" bold="true" box="[621,735,888,914]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">
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<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FF47FF6DFDAB9C4C4F940CA5" box="[621,735,888,914]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">Alabama</collectingRegion>
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</emphasis>
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• 1 otolith;
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<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FF47FF6DFCAC9C4C4EE30CA5" box="[874,936,888,914]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">MSC</collectionCode>
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42212
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFF47FF6DFF7B9CF4493B0A3E" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" type="description">
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<paragraph id="9001FC57FF47FF6DFF7B9CF44C050CED" blockId="194.[189,334,960,986]" box="[189,334,960,986]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">
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<heading id="CB494B3BFF47FF6DFF7B9CF44C050CED" bold="true" box="[189,334,960,986]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF47FF6DFF7B9CF44C050CED" bold="true" box="[189,334,960,986]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">Description</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9001FC57FF47FF6DFF7B9CC1493B0A3E" blockId="194.[189,1399,1013,1289]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">Sagitta tall (i.e., height twice its length), dorsal and ventral both tapered. Margins appear fairly smooth; evidence of several prominent lobes dorsally. Anterior margin short, nearly vertical, characterized by opening of sulcus. Anterodorsal margin fairly steep, outwardly curved, indications of at least three prominent lobes. Dorsal margin pointed, short. Posterodorsal margin quite steep, incurved. Posterior short, slightly rounded, nearly vertical. Steep posteroventral margin slants from posterior to ventral. Ventral margin short with rounded point. Anteroventral margin steep, relatively straight to slightly outwardly curved. Prominent sulcus extends across nearly 90% of otolith length.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFF47FF6DFF7B9A034E3008DC" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="9001FC57FF47FF6DFF7B9A034C640A66" blockId="194.[189,303,1335,1361]" box="[189,303,1335,1361]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">
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<heading id="CB494B3BFF47FF6DFF7B9A034C640A66" bold="true" box="[189,303,1335,1361]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF47FF6DFF7B9A034C640A66" bold="true" box="[189,303,1335,1361]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">Remarks</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9001FC57FF47FF6DFF7B9A5F495E0948" blockId="194.[189,1399,1387,1664]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">
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Only one ablated sagitta was recovered, but salient characteristics are indicative of to
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<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF47FF6DFB279A5848060AB2" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="1864" box="[1249,1357,1388,1413]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Diretmidae" genus="Diretmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beryciformes" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF47FF6DFB279A5848060AB2" box="[1249,1357,1388,1413]" italics="true" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">Diretmus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
cf.
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<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF47FF6DFF7B9AA24CB60A98" authority="(Muller, 1999)" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[189,509,1429,1455]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Diretmidae" genus="Diretmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beryciformes" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serratus">
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<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF47FF6DFF7B9AA24C080A98" box="[189,323,1430,1455]" italics="true" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">D. serratus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF47FF6DFE929AA14CBF0A98" author="Muller A." box="[340,500,1429,1455]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" pagination="1 - 360" refId="ref146931" refString="Muller A. 1999. Ichthyofaunen aus dem atlantischen Tertiar der USA. Leipziger Geowissenschaften 9 - 10: 1 - 360." type="journal article" year="1999">Müller, 1999</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
. The specimen is quite unique in its shape, being uncommonly tall for the otoliths of the Gulf
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<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FF47FF6DFE6E9A8B4CA00AEE" box="[424,491,1471,1497]" country="Tanzania" name="Pwani" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">Coast</collectingRegion>
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Paleogene (sensu
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<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF47FF6DFD019A8B4ED70AED" author="Smale M. & Watson G. & Hecht T." box="[711,924,1471,1498]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" pagination="1 - 253" refId="ref150614" refString="Smale M., Watson G. & Hecht T. 1995. Otolith atlas of southern African marine fishes. Ichthyological Monographs of the J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology 1: 1 - 253. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 141860" type="journal article" year="1995">
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Smale
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<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF47FF6DFCDF9AF44E1E0AEE" box="[793,853,1471,1497]" italics="true" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">et al.</emphasis>
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1995
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</bibRefCitation>
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). Details of the sulcus are not preserved due to erosion. However,
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<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF47FF6DFE219ADD4F210935" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[487,618,1513,1538]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Diretmidae" genus="Diretmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beryciformes" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serratus">
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<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF47FF6DFE219ADD4F210935" box="[487,618,1513,1538]" italics="true" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">D. serratus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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otoliths from Claibornian strata in
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<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FF47FF6DFBC49ADD490D0934" box="[1026,1094,1513,1539]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">Texas</collectingRegion>
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indicate that the ostium is very small, and the cauda is approximately four times longer than the ostium. The cauda is fairly wide, and its margins are almost parallel. The posterior of the cauda is rounded. There is a depressed area well above the cauda. The other face is slightly convex and highly sculptured.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF47FF6DFF7B99994FF30873" blockId="194.[189,1399,1709,1861]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF47FF6DFF7B99994C2F09F0" author="Muller A." box="[189,356,1709,1735]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" pagination="1 - 360" refId="ref146931" refString="Muller A. 1999. Ichthyofaunen aus dem atlantischen Tertiar der USA. Leipziger Geowissenschaften 9 - 10: 1 - 360." type="journal article" year="1999">Müller (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
first described this species from the middle Eocene Piney Point Formation (Pamunkey Group) in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FF47FF6DFEF999E34CEF09C6" box="[319,420,1751,1777]" country="Jamaica" name="Hanover" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">Hanover</collectingRegion>
|
||
County,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FF47FF6DFDD099E34F3209C6" box="[534,633,1751,1777]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||
. The taxon was originally assigned to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF47FF6DFB4399E3484A09C6" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1835" box="[1157,1281,1751,1777]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Caproidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Caproidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF47FF6DFA8799E34C40082C" author="Nolf D." pageId="194" pageNumber="195" refId="ref147755" refString="Nolf D. 2013. The Diversity of Fish Otoliths, Past and Present. Operational directorate " Earth and History of Life " of the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels." type="book" year="2013">Nolf (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
placed it within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF47FF6DFE3398344F36082D" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1893" box="[501,637,1792,1818]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Diretmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beryciformes" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Diretmidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In all known occurrences (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FF47FF6DFC7E9834496C082D" box="[952,1063,1792,1818]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">Alabama</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FF47FF6DFBF69835493C082C" box="[1072,1143,1793,1819]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FF47FF6DFB47983449AE082C" box="[1153,1253,1792,1819]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||
), the species is quite rare within vertebrate assemblages.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF47FF6DFF7B98464E5F08BB" blockId="194.[189,788,1906,1932]" box="[189,788,1906,1932]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">
|
||
<heading id="CB494B3BFF47FF6DFF7B98464E5F08BB" bold="true" box="[189,788,1906,1932]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF47FF6DFF7B98464E5F08BB" bold="true" box="[189,788,1906,1932]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">
|
||
Stratigraphic and geographic range in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FF47FF6DFD6498464E5F08BB" box="[674,788,1906,1932]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">Alabama</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF47FF6DFF7B98934E3008DC" blockId="194.[189,1398,1959,2027]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">
|
||
Only one specimen of this species was found in the study. It was derived from the “upper”
|
||
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FF47FF6DFAE39893483D08F6" box="[1317,1398,1959,1985]" country="Portugal" name="Lisboa" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">Lisbon</collectingRegion>
|
||
Formation at site ACh-7. Bartonian, zones NP16 and NP17.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |