444 lines
49 KiB
XML
444 lines
49 KiB
XML
<document id="01A8AA095FE1533F02483B99266E54FA" ID-DOI="10.1649/0010-065X-72.1.9" ID-ISSN="1938-4394" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5381313" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:69C3E6FD-3835-4B7D-BA21-76DE061F8D7D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630292216416" checkinUser="diego" docAuthor="Barney, Robert J." docDate="2018" docId="120C879CFFD8FFB3FF6A8792FBFEC904" docLanguage="en" docName="0010-065X-72.1.9.pdf" docOrigin="The Coleopterists Bulletin 72 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-72.1.9" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F824235CA89CB83023C7D5789122F870.3:TheColeopBull.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="F824235CA89CB83023C7D5789122F870" docStyleName="TheColeopBull.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Pachybrachis confederatus Fall 1915" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="40" masterDocId="EE35FFE4FFC7FF93FFBA823CFFA7CD74" masterDocTitle="Definition and Revision of the Atomarius Species-Group of North American Pachybrachis Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae), Including Descriptions of Nine New Species" masterLastPageNumber="74" masterPageNumber="9" pageNumber="39" updateTime="1699217328260" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="58DDE25D66ACFAC99D2F8AE9F8F5B699">Definition and Revision of the Atomarius Species-Group of North American Pachybrachis Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae), Including Descriptions of Nine New Species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="00B05F7F9C99BA4EC7D958D3EBB80F06">Barney, Robert J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="864737AF34768DA90D883BFA99AF5566">The Coleopterists Bulletin</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="BC93E6D0219FAE3BB927983194E6B966">
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<mods:date id="D877820131FD8508BB4E86D02CAB30CB">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="622C8161596B199BDD0515953642A072">2018-03-23</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="829DA074E5656BA6E71CDF09A21E563F">72</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="61177D1E6A2627B1CCE2C7E0FFFDEF50" type="ISSN">1938-4394</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="D2BF6501FFD8FF8CFF6A8792FDB1C8A9" pageId="31" pageNumber="39" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9A1A368AFFD8FF8CFF6A8792FDB1C8A9" blockId="31.[208,624,1454,1501]" pageId="31" pageNumber="39">
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<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFD8FF8CFF6A8792FDD7C8B7" bold="true" box="[208,624,1454,1475]" pageId="31" pageNumber="39">
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17.
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<taxonomicName id="5DA54D09FFD8FF8CFF4C8792FDD7C8B7" authority="Fall, 1915" authorityName="Fall" authorityYear="1915" box="[246,624,1454,1475]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confederatus">
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<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFD8FF8CFF4C8792FDA5C8B7" bold="true" box="[246,514,1454,1475]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="39">Pachybrachis confederatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="FE344B7BFFD8FF8CFDB18792FDD7C8B7" author="Fall, H. C." box="[523,624,1454,1475]" pageId="31" pageNumber="39" pagination="291 - 486" refId="ref26727" refString="Fall, H. C. 1915. A revision of the North American species of Pachybrachys. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 41: 291 - 486." type="journal article" year="1915">Fall, 1915</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
|
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(
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||
<figureCitation id="029E2A0FFFD8FF8CFE8A87F4FE25C8A9" box="[304,386,1480,1501]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[197,228,1303,1322]" captionTargetBox="[177,1188,197,1285]" captionTargetId="figure-202@33.[175,1190,194,1287]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 17. Pachybrachis confederatus, lectotype. A) Dorsal habitus, B) Lateral habitus, C) Face, D) Pygidium, E) Median lobe of aedeagus, lateral view, F) Median lobe of aedeagus, en-face view, G) Median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5381352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5381352/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="39">Figs. 17</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="029E2A0FFFD8FF8CFE3787F4FE14C8A9" box="[397,435,1480,1501]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="39.[197,228,1356,1375]" captionTargetBox="[178,1188,196,1338]" captionTargetId="figure-149@39.[175,1190,194,1340]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Fig. 22. Pachybrachis species types, dorsal habitus. A) P. infaustus (female lectotype), B) P. atomus (female paralectotype), C) P. vestigialis (male lectotype), D) P. luctuosus (possible male syntype), E) P. carolinensis (male lectotype), F) P. tybeensis (male lectotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5381362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5381362/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="39">22F</figureCitation>
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, Map 3A)
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D2BF6501FFD8FF8CFF1787CFFB0DCB7B" pageId="31" pageNumber="39" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="9A1A368AFFD8FF8CFF1787CFFE01CB56" blockId="31.[173,660,1523,1730]" pageId="31" pageNumber="39">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="BAB511A4FFD8FF8CFF1787CFFE01CB56" pageId="31" pageNumber="39">
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<treatmentCitation id="1B04109BFFD8FF8CFF1787CFFDE1CB7C" author="Fall, H. C." box="[173,582,1523,1544]" page="387" pageId="31" pageNumber="39" year="1915">
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<taxonomicName id="5DA54D09FFD8FF8CFF1787CFFDE1CB7C" authority="Fall 1915: 387" authorityName="Fall" authorityPageNumber="387" authorityYear="1915" box="[173,582,1523,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confederatus">
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||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFD8FF8CFF1787CFFE14CB7C" box="[173,435,1523,1544]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="39">Pachybrachys confederatus</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="FE344B7BFFD8FF8CFE0387CFFDE1CB7C" author="Fall, H. C." box="[441,582,1523,1544]" pageId="31" pageNumber="39" pagination="291 - 486" refId="ref26727" refString="Fall, H. C. 1915. A revision of the North American species of Pachybrachys. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 41: 291 - 486." type="journal article" year="1915">Fall 1915: 387</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
<treatmentCitation id="1B04109BFFD8FF8CFDF487CFFE8ECB56" author="Wilcox, J. A." page="390" pageId="31" pageNumber="39" year="1954">
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<bibRefCitation id="FE344B7BFFD8FF8CFDF487CFFE8ECB56" author="Wilcox, J. A." pageId="31" pageNumber="39" pagination="353 - 506" refId="ref27959" refString="Wilcox, J. A. 1954. Leaf beetles of Ohio (Chrysomelidae: Coleoptera). Ohio Biological Survey, Bulletin no. 43: 353 - 506." type="journal article" year="1954">Wilcox 1954: 390</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
(taxonomy).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="9A1A368AFFD8FF8CFF178414FE98CBB6" blockId="31.[173,660,1523,1730]" pageId="31" pageNumber="39">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="BAB511A4FFD8FF8CFF178414FE98CBB6" pageId="31" pageNumber="39">
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<treatmentCitation id="1B04109BFFD8FF8CFF178414FDC4CB49" author="Fattig, P. W." box="[173,611,1576,1597]" page="9" pageId="31" pageNumber="39" year="1948">
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||
<taxonomicName id="5DA54D09FFD8FF8CFF178414FDC4CB49" authority=": Fattig 1948: 9" authorityName=": Fattig" authorityPageNumber="9" authorityYear="1948" box="[173,611,1576,1597]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confederatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFD8FF8CFF178414FE10CB49" box="[173,439,1576,1597]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="39">Pachybrachis confederatus</emphasis>
|
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:
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||
<bibRefCitation id="FE344B7BFFD8FF8CFE778414FDC4CB49" author="Fattig, P. W." box="[461,611,1576,1597]" pageId="31" pageNumber="39" refId="ref26757" refString="Fattig, P. W. 1948. The Chrysomelidae or Leaf Beetles of Georgia. Emory University Museum Bulletin No. 6." type="book" year="1948">Fattig 1948: 9</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(regional species list);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="1B04109BFFD8FF8CFE28847FFF50CB06" author="Downie, N. M. & R. H. Arnett" page="1317" pageId="31" pageNumber="39" year="1996">
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<bibRefCitation id="FE344B7BFFD8FF8CFE28847FFF50CB06" author="Downie, N. M. & R. H. Arnett" pageId="31" pageNumber="39" refId="ref26627" refString="Downie, N. M., and R. H. Arnett. 1996. The Beetles of Northeastern North America. Volume II. Polyphaga: Series Bostrichiformia through Curculionoidea. The Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, FL." type="book" year="1996">Downie and Arnett 1996: 1317</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(catalogue);
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||
<treatmentCitation id="1B04109BFFD8FF8CFEC08461FDF2CB06" author="Riley, E. G. & S. M. Clark & T. N. Seeno" box="[378,597,1629,1650]" page="156" pageId="31" pageNumber="39" year="2003">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="FE344B7BFFD8FF8CFEC08461FDF2CB06" author="Riley, E. G. & S. M. Clark & T. N. Seeno" box="[378,597,1629,1650]" pageId="31" pageNumber="39" refId="ref27192" refString="Riley, E. G., S. M. Clark, and T. N. Seeno. 2003. Catalog of the Leaf Beetles of America North of Mexico (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae and" type="book" year="2003">
|
||
Riley
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFD8FF8CFE0C8461FE4ECB06" box="[438,489,1629,1650]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2003: 156
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(catalogue);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="1B04109BFFD8FF8CFEAF8444FE5DCBF9" author="Clark, S. M. & LeDoux, T. N. & Seeno, E. G. & Riley, A. J." box="[277,506,1656,1677]" page="156" pageId="31" pageNumber="39" year="2004">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE344B7BFFD8FF8CFEAF8444FE5DCBF9" author="Clark, S. M. & LeDoux, T. N. & Seeno, E. G. & Riley, A. J." box="[277,506,1656,1677]" pageId="31" pageNumber="39" refId="ref26552" refString="Clark, S. M., D. G. LeDoux, T. N. Seeno, E. G. Riley, A. J. Gilbert, and J. M. Sullivan. 2004. Host Plants of Leaf Beetle Species occurring in the United States and Canada (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae, Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae). The Coleopterists Society Special Publication No. 2." type="book" year="2004">
|
||
Clark
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFD8FF8CFEEF8444FE2DCBF9" box="[341,394,1656,1677]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004: 156
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(plant associations);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="1B04109BFFD8FF8CFEAF84AEFE71CBD3" author="Ciegler, J. C." box="[277,470,1682,1703]" page="178" pageId="31" pageNumber="39" year="2007">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE344B7BFFD8FF8CFEAF84AEFE71CBD3" author="Ciegler, J. C." box="[277,470,1682,1703]" pageId="31" pageNumber="39" refId="ref26519" refString="Ciegler, J. C. 2007. Leaf and Seed Beetles of South Carolina (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae and Orsodacnidae). Clemson University Public Service Publishing, Clemson, SC." type="book" year="2007">Ciegler 2007: 178</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(taxonomy, plant association).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A1A368AFFD8FF8CFD79874FFCEEC8D7" blockId="31.[707,1194,1395,1551]" pageId="31" pageNumber="39">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="BAB511A4FFD8FF8CFD79874FFCEEC8D7" pageId="31" pageNumber="39">
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<treatmentCitation id="1B04109BFFD8FF8CFD79874FFBCFC8FC" author="Fall, H. C." box="[707,1128,1395,1416]" page="388" pageId="31" pageNumber="39" year="1915">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DA54D09FFD8FF8CFD79874FFBCFC8FC" authority="Fall 1915: 388" authorityName="Fall" authorityPageNumber="388" authorityYear="1915" box="[707,1128,1395,1416]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tybeensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFD8FF8CFD79874FFC15C8FC" box="[707,946,1395,1416]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="39">Pachybrachys tybeensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE344B7BFFD8FF8CFC79874FFBCFC8FC" author="Fall, H. C." box="[963,1128,1395,1416]" pageId="31" pageNumber="39" pagination="291 - 486" refId="ref26727" refString="Fall, H. C. 1915. A revision of the North American species of Pachybrachys. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 41: 291 - 486." type="journal article" year="1915">Fall 1915: 388</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFD8FF8CFBC6874FFCE4C8D7" bold="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="39">New synonymy</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A1A368AFFD8FF8CFD798795FB0DCB7B" blockId="31.[707,1194,1395,1551]" pageId="31" pageNumber="39">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="BAB511A4FFD8FF8CFD798795FB0DCB7B" pageId="31" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="1B04109BFFD8FF8CFD798795FBEEC8CA" author="Fattig, P. W." box="[707,1097,1449,1470]" page="9" pageId="31" pageNumber="39" year="1948">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DA54D09FFD8FF8CFD798795FBEEC8CA" authority=": Fattig 1948: 9" authorityName=": Fattig" authorityPageNumber="9" authorityYear="1948" box="[707,1097,1449,1470]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tybeensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFD8FF8CFD798795FC00C8CA" box="[707,935,1449,1470]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="39">Pachybrachis tybeensis</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE344B7BFFD8FF8CFC038795FBEEC8CA" author="Fattig, P. W." box="[953,1097,1449,1470]" pageId="31" pageNumber="39" refId="ref26757" refString="Fattig, P. W. 1948. The Chrysomelidae or Leaf Beetles of Georgia. Emory University Museum Bulletin No. 6." type="book" year="1948">Fattig 1948: 9</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(regional species list);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="1B04109BFFD8FF8CFCD387FFFB0EC8AC" author="Balsbaugh, E. U. & K. L. Hays" box="[873,1193,1475,1496]" page="32" pageId="31" pageNumber="39" year="1972">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE344B7BFFD8FF8CFCD387FFFB0EC8AC" author="Balsbaugh, E. U. & K. L. Hays" box="[873,1193,1475,1496]" pageId="31" pageNumber="39" refId="ref26027" refString="Balsbaugh, E. U., and K. L. Hays. 1972. The Leaf Beetles of Alabama (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin no. 441." type="book" year="1972">Balsbaugh and Hays 1972: 32</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(taxonomy);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="1B04109BFFD8FF8CFCE087E2FB97C887" author="Riley, E. G. & S. M. Clark & T. N. Seeno" box="[858,1072,1502,1523]" page="164" pageId="31" pageNumber="39" year="2003">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE344B7BFFD8FF8CFCE087E2FB97C887" author="Riley, E. G. & S. M. Clark & T. N. Seeno" box="[858,1072,1502,1523]" pageId="31" pageNumber="39" refId="ref27192" refString="Riley, E. G., S. M. Clark, and T. N. Seeno. 2003. Catalog of the Leaf Beetles of America North of Mexico (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae and" type="book" year="2003">
|
||
Riley
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFD8FF8CFC2F87E2FC60C887" box="[917,967,1502,1523]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2003: 164
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(catalogue);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="1B04109BFFD8FF8CFD6787C6FC2FCB7B" author="Ciegler, J. C." box="[733,904,1530,1551]" page="182" pageId="31" pageNumber="39" year="2007">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="FE344B7BFFD8FF8CFD6787C6FC2FCB7B" author="Ciegler, J. C." box="[733,904,1530,1551]" pageId="31" pageNumber="39" refId="ref26519" refString="Ciegler, J. C. 2007. Leaf and Seed Beetles of South Carolina (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae and Orsodacnidae). Clemson University Public Service Publishing, Clemson, SC." type="book" year="2007">Ciegler 2007: 182</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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(taxonomy, plant association).
|
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D2BF6501FFD8FFB3FD618419FEEACF12" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="31" pageNumber="39" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="9A1A368AFFD8FFB3FD618419FDD2CC53" blockId="31.[707,1193,1572,1730]" lastBlockId="32.[151,639,194,1730]" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="31" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFD8FF8CFD618419FCDFCB4E" bold="true" box="[731,888,1573,1594]" pageId="31" pageNumber="39">Type Material.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2ACD3CD7FFD8FFB3FC3D8419FDD6CC53" collectorName="J. B. Smith & R. J. Barney" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="31" pageNumber="39" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
Fall’ s male type of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DA54D09FFD8FF8CFBE58419FCBCCB20" authorityName=": Fattig" authorityYear="1948" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confederatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFD8FF8CFBE58419FCBCCB20" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="39">P. confederatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, herein designated as
|
||
<typeStatus id="451E8828FFD8FF8CFBBB8403FBFFCB20" box="[1025,1112,1599,1620]" pageId="31" pageNumber="39" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and labeled “N. Y. // 6 // Collection /
|
||
<collectorName id="3750535CFFD8FF8CFC508467FBF5CB04" box="[1002,1106,1627,1648]" pageId="31" pageNumber="39">J. B. Smith</collectorName>
|
||
[printed, white paper] // TYPE [printed, white paper] /
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DA54D09FFD8FF8CFD7984ADFC9ACBD2" authorityName=": Fattig" authorityYear="1948" box="[707,829,1681,1702]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confederatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFD8FF8CFD7984ADFC9ACBD2" box="[707,829,1681,1702]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="39">confederatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[hand-inked, white paper] // Type 24925 [hand-inked, red paper] // H. C. FALL / COLLECTION //
|
||
<typeStatus id="451E8828FFE7FFB3FECD82FEFE59CDA3" box="[375,510,194,215]" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
24925 /
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DA54D09FFE7FFB3FF2D82E0FEBACD85" box="[151,285,220,241]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFE7FFB3FF2D82E0FEBACD85" box="[151,285,220,241]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">Pachybrachys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DA54D09FFE7FFB3FEE382E0FDFACD85" authority="Fall 1915" authorityName="Fall" authorityYear="1915" box="[345,605,220,241]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confederatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFE7FFB3FEE382E0FE74CD85" box="[345,467,220,241]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">confederatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE344B7BFFE7FFB3FE5482E0FDFACD85" author="Fall, H. C." box="[494,605,220,241]" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" pagination="291 - 486" refId="ref26727" refString="Fall, H. C. 1915. A revision of the North American species of Pachybrachys. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 41: 291 - 486." type="journal article" year="1915">Fall 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectorName id="3750535CFFE7FFB3FF2D82CBFE87CC78" box="[151,288,247,268]" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">R. J. Barney</collectorName>
|
||
2017 [printed, red paper]”, was examined, photographed, and dissected (
|
||
<figureCitation id="029E2A0FFFE7FFB3FD9B832EFDCECC53" box="[545,617,274,295]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[197,228,1303,1322]" captionTargetBox="[177,1188,197,1285]" captionTargetId="figure-202@33.[175,1190,194,1287]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 17. Pachybrachis confederatus, lectotype. A) Dorsal habitus, B) Lateral habitus, C) Face, D) Pygidium, E) Median lobe of aedeagus, lateral view, F) Median lobe of aedeagus, en-face view, G) Median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5381352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5381352/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A1A368AFFE7FFB3FF158311FEEACF12" blockId="32.[151,639,194,1730]" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2ACD3CD7FFE7FFB3FF158311FEEECF12" collectorName="H. A. Wenzel & R. J. Barney" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
Fall’ s male type of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DA54D09FFE7FFB3FEDB8311FE69CC36" authorityName=": Fattig" authorityYear="1948" box="[353,462,301,322]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tybeensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFE7FFB3FEDB8311FE69CC36" box="[353,462,301,322]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">P. tybeensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, herein designated as
|
||
<typeStatus id="451E8828FFE7FFB3FF02837BFEB3CC28" box="[184,276,327,348]" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and labeled “Tybee Is / VII – 2 [hand-inked] Ga [printed, white paper] // 6 // TYPE [printed, white paper] /
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DA54D09FFE7FFB3FE6D8341FD94CCE6" authorityName=": Fattig" authorityYear="1948" box="[471,563,381,402]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tybeensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFE7FFB3FE6D8341FD94CCE6" box="[471,563,381,402]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">tybeensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[handinked, white paper] // Coll. by /
|
||
<collectorName id="3750535CFFE7FFB3FE4283ABFDD9CCD8" box="[504,638,407,428]" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">H.A. Wenzel</collectorName>
|
||
[printed, white paper] // H.C. FALL / COL- LECTION [printed, white paper] // M. C. Z. / Type [printed] / 24983 [hand-inked, red paper] //
|
||
<typeStatus id="451E8828FFE7FFB3FF2D803DFE83CF62" box="[151,292,513,534]" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
24983 /
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DA54D09FFE7FFB3FEC5803DFDAACF62" box="[383,525,513,534]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFE7FFB3FEC5803DFDAACF62" box="[383,525,513,534]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">Pachybrachys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DA54D09FFE7FFB3FD9B803DFF5ECF45" authority="Fall 1915" authorityName="Fall" authorityYear="1915" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tybeensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFE7FFB3FD9B803DFDDACF62" box="[545,637,513,534]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">tybeensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE344B7BFFE7FFB3FF2D8020FF5ECF45" author="Fall, H. C." box="[151,249,540,561]" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" pagination="291 - 486" refId="ref26727" refString="Fall, H. C. 1915. A revision of the North American species of Pachybrachys. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 41: 291 - 486." type="journal article" year="1915">Fall 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectorName id="3750535CFFE7FFB3FEA88020FE35CF45" box="[274,402,540,561]" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">R. J. Barney</collectorName>
|
||
2017 [printed, red paper]”, was examined, photographed, and dissected (
|
||
<figureCitation id="029E2A0FFFE7FFB3FF5C806DFEE6CF12" box="[230,321,593,614]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="39.[197,228,1356,1375]" captionTargetBox="[178,1188,196,1338]" captionTargetId="figure-149@39.[175,1190,194,1340]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Fig. 22. Pachybrachis species types, dorsal habitus. A) P. infaustus (female lectotype), B) P. atomus (female paralectotype), C) P. vestigialis (male lectotype), D) P. luctuosus (possible male syntype), E) P. carolinensis (male lectotype), F) P. tybeensis (male lectotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5381362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5381362/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">Fig. 22F</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D2BF6501FFE7FFB3FF158050FC1BCC0E" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="9A1A368AFFE7FFB3FF158050FDD8CBB6" blockId="32.[151,639,194,1730]" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFE7FFB3FF158050FE2FCFF5" bold="true" box="[175,392,620,641]" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">Redescription. Male.</emphasis>
|
||
Yellow, with rufous to fuscous punctures, standard maculae diffuse, often dark brown or fuscous; L =
|
||
<quantity id="5D5D9B6FFFE7FFB3FE27809DFD81CFC2" box="[413,550,672,694]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.025" metricValueMax="2.21" metricValueMin="1.84" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="2.025" valueMax="2.21" valueMin="1.84">1.84–2.21 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean = 2.00 mm,
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFE7FFB3FF448087FEADCFA4" box="[254,266,699,720]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 9); W =
|
||
<quantity id="5D5D9B6FFFE7FFB3FE358087FDBACFA4" box="[399,541,699,721]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" metricValueMax="1.19" metricValueMin="0.97" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="1.08" valueMax="1.19" valueMin="0.97">0.97–1.19 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean =
|
||
<quantity id="5D5D9B6FFFE7FFB3FF2D80EAFF49CF9F" box="[151,238,726,747]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="1.05">1.05 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFE7FFB3FF4280EAFEA3CF9F" box="[248,260,726,747]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 9); L/W = 1.82–2.00 (mean = 1.90,
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFE7FFB3FF2D80CCFF04CE71" box="[151,163,752,773]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 9).
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFE7FFB3FF5180CCFE8ECE71" bold="true" box="[235,297,752,773]" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">Head:</emphasis>
|
||
Slightly wider than thoracic apex, HW =
|
||
<quantity id="5D5D9B6FFFE7FFB3FF5B8137FECACE54" box="[225,365,779,801]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.95" metricValueMax="7.8" metricValueMin="6.1" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="0.695" valueMax="0.78" valueMin="0.61">0.61–0.78 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean =
|
||
<quantity id="5D5D9B6FFFE7FFB3FE688137FD8DCE54" box="[466,554,779,800]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8999999999999995" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="0.69">0.69 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFE7FFB3FD8F8137FDE6CE54" box="[565,577,779,800]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 9); eyes narrowly separated, IOD =
|
||
<quantity id="5D5D9B6FFFE7FFB3FE54811AFDD9CE4F" box="[494,638,805,827]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.7999999999999998" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="0.14" valueMax="0.18" valueMin="0.1">0.10–0.18 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean =
|
||
<quantity id="5D5D9B6FFFE7FFB3FEB4817CFED5CE21" box="[270,370,832,853]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="0.14">0.14 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFE7FFB3FE33817CFE32CE21" box="[393,405,832,853]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 9); IOD/HW = 0.17–0.24 (mean = 0.20,
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFE7FFB3FE138167FE12CE04" box="[425,437,859,880]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 9); face yellow with brown to black, W-shaped macula connecting the vertex and bases of antennae and up to base of upper lobe of eyes, punctation dense, antennae brown, reaching elytral declivity.
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFE7FFB3FF2D81DCFEA2CE81" bold="true" box="[151,261,992,1013]" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">Pronotum:</emphasis>
|
||
Yellow, M-shaped macula dark brown to black, broadly diffuse; incomplete punctation to lateral margins; PL =
|
||
<quantity id="5D5D9B6FFFE7FFB3FDF28629FF54C930" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.65" metricValueMax="7.6" metricValueMin="5.699999999999999" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="0.665" valueMax="0.76" valueMin="0.57">0.57– 0.76 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean =
|
||
<quantity id="5D5D9B6FFFE7FFB3FED38613FE60C930" box="[361,455,1071,1092]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="0.65">0.65 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFE7FFB3FE628613FE43C930" box="[472,484,1071,1092]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 9); PW =
|
||
<quantity id="5D5D9B6FFFE7FFB3FF2D8676FE80C92B" box="[151,295,1097,1119]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" metricValueMax="10.4" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="0.92" valueMax="1.04" valueMin="0.8">0.80–1.04 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean =
|
||
<quantity id="5D5D9B6FFFE7FFB3FE2C8676FE55C92B" box="[406,498,1098,1119]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.9" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="0.89">0.89 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFE7FFB3FDBB8676FDAAC92B" box="[513,525,1098,1119]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 9); PL/ PW = 0.69–0.77 (mean = 0.73,
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFE7FFB3FE588658FE49C90D" box="[482,494,1124,1145]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 9).
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFE7FFB3FD8F8658FDDAC90D" bold="true" box="[565,637,1124,1145]" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">Elytra:</emphasis>
|
||
Yellow, with rufous to fuscous punctures, confused in baso-sutural region; standard maculae diffuse, often dark brown or fuscous; striae distinctly impressed, subhumeral striae dislocated.
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFE7FFB3FF2D86D5FEA7C98A" bold="true" box="[151,256,1257,1278]" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">Pygidium:</emphasis>
|
||
Dark brown to black, with 2 oval, yellow maculae.
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFE7FFB3FEFD8738FE35C86D" bold="true" box="[327,402,1284,1305]" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">Venter:</emphasis>
|
||
Dark brown to black, upper sides of last ventrite yellow.
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFE7FFB3FDB08722FDE6C847" bold="true" box="[522,577,1310,1331]" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">Legs:</emphasis>
|
||
Dark brown to black, with standard yellow spots.
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFE7FFB3FF2D8768FF5BC81D" bold="true" box="[151,252,1364,1385]" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">Genitalia:</emphasis>
|
||
Median lobe in en-face view with large, oval OS within parallel-sided shaft, with reduced PRL. Thickened sides gently narrow to extended POL deflexed at near 90° angle at ALM, thereby creating a triangular, arrowheadshaped area with a gently rounded terminus and 2 posteriorly projecting denticles or protuberances (
|
||
<figureCitation id="029E2A0FFFE7FFB3FF248431FF58CB56" box="[158,255,1549,1570]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[197,228,1303,1322]" captionTargetBox="[177,1188,197,1285]" captionTargetId="figure-202@33.[175,1190,194,1287]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 17. Pachybrachis confederatus, lectotype. A) Dorsal habitus, B) Lateral habitus, C) Face, D) Pygidium, E) Median lobe of aedeagus, lateral view, F) Median lobe of aedeagus, en-face view, G) Median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5381352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5381352/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">Fig. 17G</figureCitation>
|
||
). EFW =
|
||
<quantity id="5D5D9B6FFFE7FFB3FEC38431FDB7CB56" box="[377,528,1549,1571]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="0.22999999999999998" valueMax="0.25" valueMin="0.21">0.21–0.25 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean =
|
||
<quantity id="5D5D9B6FFFE7FFB3FF2D8414FF5CCB49" box="[151,251,1576,1597]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="0.23">0.23 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFE7FFB3FEB48414FEBDCB49" box="[270,282,1576,1597]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 9); AAM =
|
||
<quantity id="5D5D9B6FFFE7FFB3FE5F8414FDDACB49" box="[485,637,1576,1598]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="0.11499999999999999" valueMax="0.15" valueMin="0.08">0.08–0.15 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean =
|
||
<quantity id="5D5D9B6FFFE7FFB3FEA2847FFE25CB2C" box="[280,386,1603,1624]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="0.11">0.11 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFE7FFB3FE24847FFE0DCB2C" box="[414,426,1603,1624]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 9); AAL =
|
||
<quantity id="5D5D9B6FFFE7FFB3FF2D8461FE88CB06" box="[151,303,1629,1651]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.8999999999999999" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="0.12" valueMax="0.15" valueMin="0.09">0.09–0.15 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean =
|
||
<quantity id="5D5D9B6FFFE7FFB3FE148461FDB6CB06" box="[430,529,1629,1650]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="0.13">0.13 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFE7FFB3FD9E8461FD97CB06" box="[548,560,1629,1650]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 9); AAW =
|
||
<quantity id="5D5D9B6FFFE7FFB3FEB88444FE3ECBF9" box="[258,409,1655,1677]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="0.8999999999999999" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="0.11" valueMax="0.13" valueMin="0.09">0.09–0.13 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean =
|
||
<quantity id="5D5D9B6FFFE7FFB3FDA28444FDDDCBF9" box="[536,634,1656,1677]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="0.11">0.11 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFE7FFB3FF2D84AEFF04CBD3" box="[151,163,1682,1703]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 9); AAL/AAW = 0.88–1.36 (mean = 1.11,
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFE7FFB3FF2D8491FF04CBB6" box="[151,163,1709,1730]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 9). Ten males from five states were dissected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A1A368AFFE7FFB3FD7F82FEFC1BCC0E" blockId="32.[685,1172,193,1136]" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFE7FFB3FD7F82FEFCB2CDA3" bold="true" box="[709,789,194,215]" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">Female.</emphasis>
|
||
As in male, except L =
|
||
<quantity id="5D5D9B6FFFE7FFB3FBB182FEFB34CDA3" box="[1035,1171,193,215]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.13" metricValueMax="2.29" metricValueMin="1.97" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="2.13" valueMax="2.29" valueMin="1.97">1.97–2.29 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean =
|
||
<quantity id="5D5D9B6FFFE7FFB3FCB682E0FCC4CD85" box="[780,867,220,241]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.13" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="2.13">2.13 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFE7FFB3FCCA82E0FCDBCD85" box="[880,892,220,241]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 10); W =
|
||
<quantity id="5D5D9B6FFFE7FFB3FBB082E0FB34CD85" box="[1034,1171,220,242]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.18" metricValueMax="1.31" metricValueMin="1.05" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="1.18" valueMax="1.31" valueMin="1.05">1.05–1.31 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean =
|
||
<quantity id="5D5D9B6FFFE7FFB3FCA082C4FCDECC79" box="[794,889,248,269]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.16" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="1.16">1.16 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFE7FFB3FC3782C4FC3ECC79" box="[909,921,248,269]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 10); L/W = 1.75– 1.89 (mean = 1.84,
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFE7FFB3FCD1832FFCD0CC5C" box="[875,887,275,296]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 10); HW =
|
||
<quantity id="5D5D9B6FFFE7FFB3FBB4832FFB34CC5C" box="[1038,1171,274,296]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" metricValueMax="7.8" metricValueMin="6.8" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="0.73" valueMax="0.78" valueMin="0.68">0.68–0.78 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean =
|
||
<quantity id="5D5D9B6FFFE7FFB3FCB28312FCFACC37" box="[776,861,302,323]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="0.75">0.75 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFE7FFB3FCD28312FCD3CC37" box="[872,884,302,323]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 10); IOD =
|
||
<quantity id="5D5D9B6FFFE7FFB3FBB78312FB34CC37" box="[1037,1171,302,324]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="0.2" valueMax="0.25" valueMin="0.15">0.15–0.25 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean =
|
||
<quantity id="5D5D9B6FFFE7FFB3FCAB8375FCCDCC2A" box="[785,874,329,350]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7999999999999998" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="0.18">0.18 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFE7FFB3FCC08375FC21CC2A" box="[890,902,329,350]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 10); IOD/HW = 0.22– 0.31 (mean = 0.24,
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFE7FFB3FCD08359FCD1CC0E" box="[874,886,357,378]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 10).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D2BF6501FFE7FFB3FD7F8343FC94CE0A" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="9A1A368AFFE7FFB3FD7F8343FCBDCFFE" blockId="32.[685,1172,193,1136]" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFE7FFB3FD7F8343FC80CCE0" bold="true" box="[709,807,383,404]" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Historically, few if any specimens were identified in collections as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DA54D09FFE7FFB3FC4283A6FB34CCDB" authorityName="Fall" authorityYear="1915" box="[1016,1171,410,431]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confederatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFE7FFB3FC4283A6FB34CCDB" box="[1016,1171,410,431]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">P. confederatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DA54D09FFE7FFB3FD758389FCECCCBE" authorityName="Fall" authorityYear="1915" box="[719,843,437,458]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tybeensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFE7FFB3FD758389FCECCCBE" box="[719,843,437,458]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">P. tybeensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE344B7BFFE7FFB3FCDA8389FC70CCBE" author="Fall, H. C." box="[864,983,437,458]" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" pagination="291 - 486" refId="ref26727" refString="Fall, H. C. 1915. A revision of the North American species of Pachybrachys. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 41: 291 - 486." type="journal article" year="1915">Fall (1915)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
believed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DA54D09FFE7FFB3FBF28389FCACCC92" authorityName="Fall" authorityYear="1915" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confederatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFE7FFB3FBF28389FCACCC92" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">P. confederatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be closely allied to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DA54D09FFE7FFB3FBBA83EDFBC1CC92" authorityName="Fall" authorityYear="1915" box="[1024,1126,465,486]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="relictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFE7FFB3FBBA83EDFBC1CC92" box="[1024,1126,465,486]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">P. relictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DA54D09FFE7FFB3FD1783D0FC82CF75" authorityName="Fall" authorityYear="1915" box="[685,805,492,513]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tybeensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFE7FFB3FD1783D0FC82CF75" box="[685,805,492,513]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">P. tybeensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. While these three species are virtually indistinguishable externally, comparison of the aedeagal median lobe of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="451E8828FFE7FFB3FB97801FFB34CF4C" box="[1069,1171,547,568]" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" type="lectotype">lectotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
reveals
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DA54D09FFE7FFB3FCBF8002FC0DCF27" authorityName="Fall" authorityYear="1915" box="[773,938,574,595]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confederatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFE7FFB3FCBF8002FC0DCF27" box="[773,938,574,595]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">P. confederatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DA54D09FFE7FFB3FC4A8002FBC8CF27" authorityName="Fall" authorityYear="1915" box="[1008,1135,574,595]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tybeensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFE7FFB3FC4A8002FBC8CF27" box="[1008,1135,574,595]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">P. tybeensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be identical, and distinctly different from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DA54D09FFE7FFB3FD178049FCB4CFFE" authorityName="Fall" authorityYear="1915" box="[685,787,629,650]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="relictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFE7FFB3FD178049FCB4CFFE" box="[685,787,629,650]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">P. relictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A1A368AFFE7FFB3FD7F80B3FC94CE0A" blockId="32.[685,1172,193,1136]" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">
|
||
After examining 70,000 specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DA54D09FFE7FFB3FBF480B3FD50CFCB" authorityName="Chevrolat" authorityYear="1836" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFE7FFB3FBF480B3FD50CFCB" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">Pachybrachis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, I found less than
|
||
<specimenCount id="8CA3FD03FFE7FFB3FC7B8096FBF0CFCB" box="[961,1111,682,703]" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" type="generic">five specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DA54D09FFE7FFB3FCBA80F9FCD5CFAE" authorityName="Fall" authorityYear="1915" box="[768,882,709,730]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tybeensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFE7FFB3FCBA80F9FCD5CFAE" box="[768,882,709,730]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">P. tybeensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but none could be confirmed via dissection. In an attempt to locate additional specimens, I visited Tybee Island on
|
||
<date id="EE1B104AFFE7FFB3FBAD80C0FB36CE65" box="[1047,1169,764,785]" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" value="2016-06-03">3 June 2016</date>
|
||
. Tybee is a barrier island of only 6.0 km
|
||
<superScript id="6DD09BC2FFE7FFB3FB92812EFB96CE54" attach="left" box="[1064,1073,786,800]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">2</superScript>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="5D5D9B6FFFE7FFB3FB87812BFBDCCE58" box="[1085,1147,791,812]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7014912" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" unit="mi" value="2.3">2.3 mi</quantity>
|
||
<superScript id="6DD09BC2FFE7FFB3FBC6812EFB22CE54" attach="right" box="[1148,1157,786,800]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">2</superScript>
|
||
), and I literally searched the entire island looking for specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DA54D09FFE7FFB3FC058172FB90CE17" authorityName="Fall" authorityYear="1915" box="[959,1079,846,867]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tybeensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFE7FFB3FC058172FB90CE17" box="[959,1079,846,867]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">P. tybeensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but was unsuccessful.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D2BF6501FFE7FFB3FD7F81B8FBFEC904" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="9A1A368AFFE7FFB3FD7F81B8FD5BCE9E" blockId="32.[685,1172,193,1136]" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFE7FFB3FD7F81B8FCE1CEED" bold="true" box="[709,838,900,921]" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is sparsely distributed across the eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E2B2761AFFE7FFB3FCDF81A2FC32CEC7" box="[869,917,926,947]" name="United States of America" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Map 3A). New state records are confirmed for two states:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5861F868FFE7FFB3FB9B8186FBC2CEBB" box="[1057,1125,954,975]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5861F868FFE7FFB3FD1781E9FD50CE9E" box="[685,759,981,1002]" country="United States of America" name="Indiana" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">Indiana</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A1A368AFFE7FFB3FD7F81CCFBECC922" blockId="32.[685,1172,193,1136]" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFE7FFB3FD7F81CCFCCAC971" bold="true" box="[709,877,1008,1029]" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">Biological Notes.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2ACD3CD7FFE7FFB3FCC981CCFBE0C922" location="Florida" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Florida">
|
||
Labels documented specimens collected from beating
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DA54D09FFE7FFB3FC358636FBA4C96B" box="[911,1027,1034,1055]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="32" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFE7FFB3FC358636FC78C96B" box="[911,991,1034,1055]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">Quercus</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5861F868FFE7FFB3FB9F8636FBCEC96B" box="[1061,1129,1034,1055]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
and in a pine barren in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5861F868FFE7FFB3FCDD861AFC69C94F" box="[871,974,1062,1083]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||
. A
|
||
<collectingMethod id="43E44E9DFFE7FFB3FC4A861AFBCFC94F" box="[1008,1128,1062,1083]" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
|
||
was reported as a collection method on a label
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A1A368AFFE7FFB3FD7F8667FBFEC904" blockId="32.[685,1172,193,1136]" box="[709,1113,1115,1136]" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D1EA98FFE7FFB3FD7F8667FC03C904" bold="true" box="[709,932,1115,1136]" pageId="32" pageNumber="40">Specimens Examined.</emphasis>
|
||
See Appendix 17.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |