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<document id="0A9D3D074D1A1881E491C1C3D8B38656" ID-CLB-Dataset="30255" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4410.1.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f9d268e1-262b-4d9a-a97f-ffd1495e9eae" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1221257" ID-ZooBank="0944C1F0-1405-43E0-80B7-03438A19F334" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1524145257255" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gąsiorek, Piotr &amp; Degma, Peter" docDate="2018" docId="001087910D08FF9CD399FA48FD38FBD4" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4410.1.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4410 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Echiniscus spiniger Richters 1904" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="91" masterDocId="FC29FFE90D04FF92D30EFFD8FF9AFFEB" masterDocTitle="Three Echiniscidae species (Tardigrada: Heterotardigrada) new to the Polish fauna, with the description of a new gonochoristic Bryodelphax Thulin, 1928" masterLastPageNumber="96" masterPageNumber="77" pageNumber="89" updateTime="1698537978881" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="B653AF9901C51FEFA5F72D7D25FFC4BD">Three Echiniscidae species (Tardigrada: Heterotardigrada) new to the Polish fauna, with the description of a new gonochoristic Bryodelphax Thulin, 1928</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D5232511D5A3ABF17A3471212B4D1677">Gąsiorek, Piotr</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="001087910D08FF9CD399FA48FD38FBD4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5998752" ID-GBIF-Taxon="143605413" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5998752" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:001087910D08FF9CD399FA48FD38FBD4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/001087910D08FF9CD399FA48FD38FBD4" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="12" pageNumber="89">
<subSubSection id="C0A3650C0D08FF9ED399FA48FF63FA27" pageId="12" pageNumber="89" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="880636870D08FF9ED399FA48FDDAFA41" blockId="12.[151,576,1424,1484]" box="[151,576,1424,1450]" pageId="12" pageNumber="89">
<heading id="D34E81EB0D08FF9ED399FA48FDDAFA41" bold="true" box="[151,576,1424,1450]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="89" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4FB94D040D08FF9ED399FA48FDDAFA41" ID-CoL="38G3J" authority="Richters, 1904" authorityName="Richters" authorityYear="1904" box="[151,576,1424,1450]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="spiniger">
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D08FF9ED399FA48FDDAFA41" bold="true" box="[151,576,1424,1450]" pageId="12" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D08FF9ED399FA48FE1CFA41" bold="true" box="[151,390,1424,1450]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="89">Echiniscus spiniger</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EC284B760D08FF9ED282FA48FDDAFA41" box="[396,576,1424,1450]" pageId="12" pageNumber="89" refId="ref11434" refString="Richters, F. (1904) Arktische Tardigraden. Fauna Arctica, 3, 495 - 511." type="journal article">Richters, 1904</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="880636870D08FF9ED399FA6BFF63FA27" blockId="12.[151,576,1424,1484]" box="[151,249,1459,1484]" pageId="12" pageNumber="89">
(
<figureCitation id="10822A020D08FF9ED391FA6BFF6BFA27" box="[159,241,1459,1484]" captionStart="FIGURES 3035" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1713,1735]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1692]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1692]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 3035. Interspecific appendage length variability in the spinulosus group (PCM): 30—Echiniscus migiurtinus Franceschi, 1957 from Somalia (syntype), dorsal view; 31—Echiniscus spinulosus (Doyère, 1840) from France, lateral view; 32—Echiniscus scabrospinosus Fontoura, 1982 from Portugal, dorso-lateral view; 33—Echiniscus lichenorum Maucci, 1983 from Portugal, dorsal view (paratype); 34—Echiniscus spiniger Richters, 1904, a new addition to the Polish fauna, dorsolateral view; 35—Echiniscus quadrispinosus Richters, 1902 from Scotland, dorso-lateral view; arrowheads indicate pedal plates.Scale bars in µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221277/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="89">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C0A3650C0D08FF9ED399FA24FDC3F9FF" box="[151,601,1531,1556]" pageId="12" pageNumber="89" type="description">
<paragraph id="880636870D08FF9ED399FA24FDC3F9FF" blockId="12.[151,1437,1531,1883]" box="[151,601,1531,1556]" pageId="12" pageNumber="89">
<materialsCitation id="38D13CDA0D08FF9ED399FA24FDC3F9FF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1838119991" box="[151,601,1531,1556]" country="Sweden" location="Gotland" pageId="12" pageNumber="89" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Gotland">
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D08FF9ED399FA24FEA1F9FF" bold="true" box="[151,315,1531,1556]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="89">Locus typicus.</emphasis>
Visby,
<collectingRegion id="4A7DF8650D08FF9ED29EFA23FE77F9FF" box="[400,493,1531,1556]" country="Sweden" name="Gotland" pageId="12" pageNumber="89">Gotland</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F0AE76170D08FF9ED2F6FA23FDCEF9FF" box="[504,596,1531,1556]" name="Sweden" pageId="12" pageNumber="89">Sweden</collectingCountry>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C0A3650C0D08FF9ED3C9F9C7FAA8F9B7" pageId="12" pageNumber="89" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="880636870D08FF9ED3C9F9C7FAA8F9B7" blockId="12.[151,1437,1531,1883]" pageId="12" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D08FF9ED3C9F9C7FE2EF9D3" bold="true" box="[199,436,1567,1592]" pageId="12" pageNumber="89">Material examined.</emphasis>
Three adult specimens and one juvenile, found together with exceptionally abundant
<taxonomicName id="4FB94D040D08FF9ED399F99BFE0AF9B7" baseAuthorityName="Doyere" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[151,400,1603,1628]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="granulatus">
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D08FF9ED399F99BFE0AF9B7" box="[151,400,1603,1628]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="89">Echiniscus granulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4FB94D040D08FF9ED290F99CFD59F9B7" authority="(Doyere, 1840)" authorityName="Doyere" authorityYear="1840" baseAuthorityName="Doyere" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[414,707,1603,1628]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="testudo">
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D08FF9ED290F99CFD94F9B7" box="[414,526,1603,1628]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="89">E. testudo</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EC284B760D08FF9ED113F99CFD21F9B7" box="[541,699,1604,1628]" pageId="12" pageNumber="89" refId="ref9827" refString="Doyere, M. L. (1840) Memorie sur les Tardigrades. Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Zoologie, Serie 2, 14, 269 - 362." type="journal article">Doyère, 1840</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4FB94D040D08FF9ED1F0F99BFC70F9B7" baseAuthorityName="Richters" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[766,1002,1603,1628]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Richtersius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="12" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="coronifer">
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D08FF9ED1F0F99BFC70F9B7" box="[766,1002,1603,1628]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="89">Richtersius coronifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(PL.247; Kościeliska Valley.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C0A3650C0D08FF9ED3C9F9BFFAC2F8B0" pageId="12" pageNumber="89" type="description">
<paragraph id="880636870D08FF9ED3C9F9BFFAC2F8B0" blockId="12.[151,1437,1531,1883]" pageId="12" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D08FF9ED3C9F9BFFEC3F96B" bold="true" box="[199,345,1639,1664]" pageId="12" pageNumber="89">Description.</emphasis>
Medium-sized (160313 µm), dark-yellow. Cirrus A long (104 µm, cirrus A/ body length ratio 33%). Cirrus
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D08FF9ED23CF954FE14F948" box="[306,398,1676,1699]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="89">internus</emphasis>
/
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D08FF9ED298F954FE6FF948" box="[406,501,1676,1699]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="89">externus</emphasis>
length ratio 6065%. Plate sculpture composed of small and medium-sized pores (
<taxonomicName id="4FB94D040D08FF9ED3AEF977FE8CF923" baseAuthorityName="Doyere" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[160,278,1711,1736]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="spinulosus">
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D08FF9ED3AEF977FE8CF923" box="[160,278,1711,1736]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="89">spinulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="570288250D08FF9ED22FF968FECFF923" box="[289,341,1712,1736]" pageId="12" pageNumber="89">type</typeStatus>
), with the largest pores found on the large median plates and on the caudal plate. Lateral and dorsal appendages at B, C, C d, D, D d, and E in the shape of long spines, with dorsal spines slightly longer than the lateral ones (3848 µm
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D08FF9ED2ACF923FE23F8F9" box="[418,441,1787,1810]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="89">vs</emphasis>
2136 µm). Pedal (leg) plates very well-developed and large, those on leg IV forming a collar composed of eight small, blunt teeth. Claws IIII moderately shorter than claws IV (12.520.6 µm,
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D08FF9ED653F8C7FF67F8B1" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="89">27.3 31.1% vs</emphasis>
16.923.6 µm,
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D08FF9ED2A0F89AFDAFF8B1" box="[430,565,1858,1882]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="89">30.338.3%</emphasis>
). Spurs (1.53.9 µm,
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D08FF9ED025F89AFC0FF8B1" box="[811,917,1858,1882]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="89">3.45.8%</emphasis>
) positioned at ~30% of the claw length.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DCC6660F0D09FF9FD399F969FE14F88A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221277/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="90" startId="13.[151,264,1713,1735]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1692]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="880636870D09FF9FD399F969FE14F88A" blockId="13.[151,1436,1713,1889]" pageId="13" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D09FF9FD399F969FEC2F92C" bold="true" box="[151,344,1713,1735]" pageId="13" pageNumber="90">FIGURES 3035.</emphasis>
Interspecific appendage length variability in the
<taxonomicName id="4FB94D040D09FF9FD066F969FC49F92C" baseAuthorityName="Doyere" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[872,979,1713,1735]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="13" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="spinulosus">
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D09FF9FD066F969FC49F92C" box="[872,979,1713,1735]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="90">spinulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group (PCM):
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D09FF9FD772F969FB34F92C" bold="true" box="[1148,1198,1713,1735]" pageId="13" pageNumber="90">30—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4FB94D040D09FF9FD7A1F969FEDFF90D" authority="Franceschi, 1957" authorityName="Franceschi" authorityYear="1957" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="13" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="migiurtinus">
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D09FF9FD7A1F969FA06F92C" box="[1199,1436,1713,1735]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="90">Echiniscus migiurtinus</emphasis>
Franceschi, 1957
</taxonomicName>
from Somalia (syntype), dorsal view;
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D09FF9FD1DDF908FC9FF90D" bold="true" box="[723,773,1744,1766]" pageId="13" pageNumber="90">31—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4FB94D040D09FF9FD008F908FB13F90D" authority="(Doyere, 1840)" authorityName="Doyere" authorityYear="1840" baseAuthorityName="Doyere" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[774,1161,1744,1766]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="13" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="spinulosus">
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D09FF9FD008F908FC7CF90D" box="[774,998,1744,1766]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="90">Echiniscus spinulosus</emphasis>
(Doyère, 1840)
</taxonomicName>
from France, lateral view;
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D09FF9FD399F936FF53F8EF" bold="true" box="[151,201,1774,1796]" pageId="13" pageNumber="90">32—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4FB94D040D09FF9FD3C7F936FDE5F8EF" authority="Fontoura, 1982" authorityName="Fontoura" authorityYear="1982" box="[201,639,1774,1796]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="13" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="scabrospinosus">
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D09FF9FD3C7F936FE40F8EF" box="[201,474,1774,1796]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="90">Echiniscus scabrospinosus</emphasis>
Fontoura, 1982
</taxonomicName>
from Portugal, dorso-lateral view;
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D09FF9FD0E2F936FB84F8EF" bold="true" box="[1004,1054,1774,1796]" pageId="13" pageNumber="90">33—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4FB94D040D09FF9FD710F936FA06F8EF" authority="Maucci, 1983" authorityName="Maucci" authorityYear="1983" box="[1054,1436,1774,1796]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="13" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="lichenorum">
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D09FF9FD710F936FA9DF8EF" box="[1054,1287,1774,1796]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="90">Echiniscus lichenorum</emphasis>
Maucci, 1983
</taxonomicName>
from Portugal, dorsal view (paratype);
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D09FF9FD13CF8D5FDFFF8C8" bold="true" box="[562,613,1805,1827]" pageId="13" pageNumber="90">34—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4FB94D040D09FF9FD16BF8D5FC4BF8C8" authority="Richters, 1904" authorityName="Richters" authorityYear="1904" box="[613,977,1805,1827]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="13" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="spiniger">
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D09FF9FD16BF8D5FCB5F8C8" box="[613,815,1805,1827]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="90">Echiniscus spiniger</emphasis>
Richters, 1904
</taxonomicName>
, a new addition to the Polish fauna, dorsolateral view;
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D09FF9FD22AF8F4FECDF8A9" bold="true" box="[292,343,1836,1858]" pageId="13" pageNumber="90">35—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4FB94D040D09FF9FD258F8F4FC97F8A9" authority="Richters, 1902" authorityName="Richters" authorityYear="1902" box="[342,781,1836,1858]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="13" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="quadrispinosus">
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D09FF9FD258F8F4FDF0F8A9" box="[342,618,1836,1858]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="90">Echiniscus quadrispinosus</emphasis>
Richters, 1902
</taxonomicName>
from Scotland, dorso-lateral view; arrowheads indicate pedal plates. Scale bars in µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C0A3650C0D09FF9CD3C9F850FD38FBD4" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="13" pageNumber="90" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="880636870D09FF9CD3C9F850FC2DFE8C" blockId="13.[151,1436,1928,2025]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1436,151,1088]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="13" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D09FF9FD3C9F850FEA1F84A" bold="true" box="[199,315,1928,1953]" pageId="13" pageNumber="90">Remarks.</emphasis>
New record for
<collectingCountry id="F0AE76170D09FF9FD100F850FDC5F84A" box="[526,607,1928,1953]" name="Poland" pageId="13" pageNumber="90">Poland</collectingCountry>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EC284B760D09FF9FD17FF850FCBFF84B" box="[625,805,1928,1953]" pageId="13" pageNumber="90" refId="ref9805" refString="Dastych, H. (1988) The Tardigrada of Poland. Monografie Fauny Polski, 16, 1 - 255." type="journal article">Dastych (1988)</bibRefCitation>
expressed the opinion that the so-called
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D09FF9FD612F850FED8F82E" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="90">
<taxonomicName id="4FB94D040D09FF9FD612F850FA08F84A" baseAuthorityName="Doyere" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[1308,1426,1928,1953]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="13" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="spinulosus">spinulosus</taxonomicName>
-
<taxonomicName id="4FB94D040D09FF9FD399F874FED8F82E" authorityName="Richters" authorityYear="1902" box="[151,322,1964,1989]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="13" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="quadrispinosus">quadrispinosus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
group was in need of a complete revision, and produced a schematic illustration of
<taxonomicName id="4FB94D040D09FF9FD60BF875FED8F803" authority="(Doyere, 1840)" authorityName="Doyere" authorityYear="1840" baseAuthorityName="Doyere" baseAuthorityYear="1840" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="13" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="spinulosus">
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D09FF9FD60BF875FA06F82E" box="[1285,1436,1964,1989]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="90">E. spinulosus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EC284B760D09FF9FD390F808FEA0F803" box="[158,314,2000,2024]" pageId="13" pageNumber="90" refId="ref9827" refString="Doyere, M. L. (1840) Memorie sur les Tardigrades. Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Zoologie, Serie 2, 14, 269 - 362." type="journal article">Doyère, 1840</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
with long lateral appendages. He also remarked that the lateral appendages of Polish
<taxonomicName id="4FB94D040D09FF9FD608F809FA06F802" baseAuthorityName="Doyere" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[1286,1436,2000,2025]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="13" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="spinulosus">
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D09FF9FD608F809FA06F802" box="[1286,1436,2000,2025]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="90">E. spinulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens varied significantly in length (
<bibRefCitation id="EC284B760D0AFF9CD16DFF4FFC99FF5B" box="[611,771,151,176]" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" refId="ref9805" refString="Dastych, H. (1988) The Tardigrada of Poland. Monografie Fauny Polski, 16, 1 - 255." type="journal article">Dastych 1988</bibRefCitation>
). Presented findings suggest that his records could embrace two distinct species:
<taxonomicName id="4FB94D040D0AFF9CD28FFF65FD8CFF3E" authority="Gąsiorek &amp; Degma, 2018" authorityName="Gąsiorek &amp; Degma" authorityYear="2018" box="[385,534,188,213]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="spinulosus">
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D0AFF9CD28FFF65FD8CFF3E" box="[385,534,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="91">E. spinulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A1FE57EE0D0AFF9CD113FF65FDDAFF3F" box="[541,576,189,212]" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D0AFF9CD113FF65FDB2FF3F" box="[541,552,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="91">s</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D0AFF9CD121FF65FDA0FF3F" box="[559,570,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="91">s</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, which is a predominantly lowland species, and
<taxonomicName id="4FB94D040D0AFF9CD76FFF65FB41FF3F" authorityName="Richters" authorityYear="1904" box="[1121,1243,189,212]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="spiniger">
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D0AFF9CD76FFF65FB41FF3F" box="[1121,1243,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="91">E. spiniger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, more frequently found in colder and upland habitats. In
<taxonomicName id="4FB94D040D0AFF9CD16FFF39FD63FF13" authorityName="Gąsiorek &amp; Degma" authorityYear="2018" box="[609,761,223,248]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="spinulosus">
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D0AFF9CD16FFF39FD63FF13" box="[609,761,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="91">E. spinulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens from the
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D0AFF9CD0E2FF07FB1AFF13" box="[1004,1152,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="91">locus typicus</emphasis>
(Saint-Maur-des-Fossés,
<collectingCountry id="F0AE76170D0AFF9CD399FEDFFF72FEF4" box="[151,232,263,287]" name="France" pageId="14" pageNumber="91">France</collectingCountry>
), dorsal spines C d and D d are longer than the extremely short lateral spines (similar to the differences in length recorded for
<taxonomicName id="4FB94D040D0AFF9CD27BFEF4FD6FFEA8" authority="Fontoura, 1982" authorityName="Fontoura" authorityYear="1982" box="[373,757,298,323]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="scabrospinosus">
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D0AFF9CD27BFEF4FDDAFEA8" box="[373,576,298,323]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="91">E. scabrospinosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EC284B760D0AFF9CD149FEF3FD6FFEA8" box="[583,757,299,323]" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" refId="ref9886" refString="Fontoura, P. (1982) Deux nouvelles especes de tardigrades muscicoles du Portugal. Publicacoes do Instituto de Zoologia ' Dr Augusto Nobre', Faculdade de Ciencias do Porto, 165, 5 - 19." type="journal article">Fontoura, 1982</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, see
<figureCitation id="10822A020D0AFF9CD025FEF2FC37FEA8" box="[811,941,298,323]" captionStart="FIGURES 3035" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1713,1735]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1692]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1692]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 3035. Interspecific appendage length variability in the spinulosus group (PCM): 30—Echiniscus migiurtinus Franceschi, 1957 from Somalia (syntype), dorsal view; 31—Echiniscus spinulosus (Doyère, 1840) from France, lateral view; 32—Echiniscus scabrospinosus Fontoura, 1982 from Portugal, dorso-lateral view; 33—Echiniscus lichenorum Maucci, 1983 from Portugal, dorsal view (paratype); 34—Echiniscus spiniger Richters, 1904, a new addition to the Polish fauna, dorsolateral view; 35—Echiniscus quadrispinosus Richters, 1902 from Scotland, dorso-lateral view; arrowheads indicate pedal plates.Scale bars in µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221277/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="91">Figs 3132</figureCitation>
). In
<taxonomicName id="4FB94D040D0AFF9CD0D1FEF4FBC3FEA8" authorityName="Richters" authorityYear="1904" box="[991,1113,300,323]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="spiniger">
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D0AFF9CD0D1FEF4FBC3FEA8" box="[991,1113,300,323]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="91">E. spiniger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the lateral spines are longer and of similar or equal development to the dorsal appendages (
<figureCitation id="10822A020D0AFF9CD058FE96FC31FE8C" box="[854,939,334,359]" captionStart="FIGURES 3035" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1713,1735]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1692]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1692]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 3035. Interspecific appendage length variability in the spinulosus group (PCM): 30—Echiniscus migiurtinus Franceschi, 1957 from Somalia (syntype), dorsal view; 31—Echiniscus spinulosus (Doyère, 1840) from France, lateral view; 32—Echiniscus scabrospinosus Fontoura, 1982 from Portugal, dorso-lateral view; 33—Echiniscus lichenorum Maucci, 1983 from Portugal, dorsal view (paratype); 34—Echiniscus spiniger Richters, 1904, a new addition to the Polish fauna, dorsolateral view; 35—Echiniscus quadrispinosus Richters, 1902 from Scotland, dorso-lateral view; arrowheads indicate pedal plates.Scale bars in µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221277/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="91">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="880636870D0AFF9CD3C9FEAAFDEBFE16" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,1088]" pageId="14" pageNumber="91">
Scottish specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4FB94D040D0AFF9CD2CDFEACFCA3FE60" authority="Richters, 1902" authorityName="Richters" authorityYear="1902" box="[451,825,370,395]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="quadrispinosus">
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D0AFF9CD2CDFEACFD14FE60" box="[451,654,370,395]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="91">E. quadrispinosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EC284B760D0AFF9CD19BFEAAFCA3FE60" box="[661,825,370,395]" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" refId="ref11387" refString="Richters, F. (1902) Neue Moosbewohner. Bericht der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Geselschaft in Frankfurt am Main, II. Teil, 23 - 26." type="book chapter">Richters, 1902</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
of identical body size to Polish
<taxonomicName id="4FB94D040D0AFF9CD7AAFEACFABAFE60" authorityName="Richters" authorityYear="1904" box="[1188,1312,372,395]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="spiniger">
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D0AFF9CD7AAFEACFABAFE60" box="[1188,1312,372,395]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="91">E. spiniger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens have dorsal spines C d and D d distinctly shorter than in
<taxonomicName id="4FB94D040D0AFF9CD1F6FE42FCE9FE5A" authorityName="Richters" authorityYear="1904" box="[760,883,410,433]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="spiniger">
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D0AFF9CD1F6FE42FCE9FE5A" box="[760,883,410,433]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="91">E. spiniger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and unlike in
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D0AFF9CD714FE42FB03FE5A" box="[1050,1177,410,433]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="91">
<taxonomicName id="4FB94D040D0AFF9CD714FE42FB0FFE5A" authorityName="Richters" authorityYear="1904" box="[1050,1173,410,433]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="spiniger">E. spiniger</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
spines D d are typically shorter than C d (
<figureCitation id="10822A020D0AFF9CD25DFE18FE33FE32" box="[339,425,448,473]" captionStart="FIGURES 3035" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1713,1735]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1692]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1692]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 3035. Interspecific appendage length variability in the spinulosus group (PCM): 30—Echiniscus migiurtinus Franceschi, 1957 from Somalia (syntype), dorsal view; 31—Echiniscus spinulosus (Doyère, 1840) from France, lateral view; 32—Echiniscus scabrospinosus Fontoura, 1982 from Portugal, dorso-lateral view; 33—Echiniscus lichenorum Maucci, 1983 from Portugal, dorsal view (paratype); 34—Echiniscus spiniger Richters, 1904, a new addition to the Polish fauna, dorsolateral view; 35—Echiniscus quadrispinosus Richters, 1902 from Scotland, dorso-lateral view; arrowheads indicate pedal plates.Scale bars in µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221277/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="91">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
). Moreover, all lateral appendages in
<taxonomicName id="4FB94D040D0AFF9CD054FE19FBBCFE32" authorityName="Richters" authorityYear="1902" box="[858,1062,448,473]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="quadrispinosus">
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D0AFF9CD054FE19FBBCFE32" box="[858,1062,448,473]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="91">E. quadrispinosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are developed as long cirri with broad bases (
<bibRefCitation id="EC284B760D0AFF9CD227FE3CFDFFFE16" box="[297,613,484,509]" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" refId="ref11351" refString="Ramazzotti, G. &amp; Maucci, w. (1983) Il Phylum Tardigrada. III edizione riveduta e aggiornata. Memorie dell'Istituto Italiano di Idrobiologia, Pallanza, 41, 1 - 1012." type="journal article">Ramazzotti &amp; Maucci 1983</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="880636870D0AFF9CD3C9FDD0FDF2FC1C" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,1088]" pageId="14" pageNumber="91">
<bibRefCitation id="EC284B760D0AFF9CD3C9FDD0FE39FDCA" box="[199,419,520,545]" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" refId="ref11250" refString="Pilato, G., Fontoura, P. &amp; Beasley, C. (2008) New description of Echiniscus scabrospinosus Fontoura, 1982, and description of a new species of Echiniscus (Heterotardigrada) from China. Zootaxa, 1856, 41 - 54." type="journal article">
Pilato
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D0AFF9CD21DFDD1FEDDFDCA" box="[275,327,520,545]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="91">et al</emphasis>
. (2008)
</bibRefCitation>
showed that different species within
<taxonomicName id="4FB94D040D0AFF9CD057FDD0FC55FDCA" authorityName="Gąsiorek &amp; Degma" authorityYear="2018" box="[857,975,520,545]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="spinulosus">
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D0AFF9CD057FDD0FC55FDCA" box="[857,975,520,545]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="91">spinulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group can be separated on the basis of differences in plate sculpturing. An interesting pattern can be observed within members of the group: generally, species with short appendages exhibit large and sparsely distributed cuticular pores, whereas those with long spines or cirri possess comparatively smaller, more densely arranged pores (compare
<figureCitation id="10822A020D0AFF9CD704FDACFB12FD66" box="[1034,1160,628,653]" captionStart="FIGURES 3035" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1713,1735]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1692]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1692]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 3035. Interspecific appendage length variability in the spinulosus group (PCM): 30—Echiniscus migiurtinus Franceschi, 1957 from Somalia (syntype), dorsal view; 31—Echiniscus spinulosus (Doyère, 1840) from France, lateral view; 32—Echiniscus scabrospinosus Fontoura, 1982 from Portugal, dorso-lateral view; 33—Echiniscus lichenorum Maucci, 1983 from Portugal, dorsal view (paratype); 34—Echiniscus spiniger Richters, 1904, a new addition to the Polish fauna, dorsolateral view; 35—Echiniscus quadrispinosus Richters, 1902 from Scotland, dorso-lateral view; arrowheads indicate pedal plates.Scale bars in µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221277/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="91">Figs 3132</figureCitation>
for
<taxonomicName id="4FB94D040D0AFF9CD7B9FDADFAD6FD66" authorityName="Gąsiorek &amp; Degma" authorityYear="2018" box="[1207,1356,628,653]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="spinulosus">
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D0AFF9CD7B9FDADFAD6FD66" box="[1207,1356,628,653]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="91">E. spinulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4FB94D040D0AFF9CD68AFDADFED9FD5A" authorityName="Fontoura" authorityYear="1982" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="scabrospinosus">
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D0AFF9CD68AFDADFED9FD5A" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="91">E. scabrospinosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 3335 for
<taxonomicName id="4FB94D040D0AFF9CD10DFD41FCCBFD5A" authority="Maucci, 1983" authorityName="Maucci" authorityYear="1983" box="[515,849,664,689]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="lichenorum">
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D0AFF9CD10DFD41FD3CFD5A" box="[515,678,664,689]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="91">E. lichenorum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EC284B760D0AFF9CD1BFFD40FCCBFD5A" box="[689,849,664,689]" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" refId="ref10655" refString="Maucci, w. (1983) Echiniscus bisculptus n. sp., del Marocco, ed E. lichenorum n. sp., del Portogallo. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale in Milano, 124 (3 - 4), 257 - 261." type="journal article">Maucci, 1983</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4FB94D040D0AFF9CD06EFD41FC45FD5B" authorityName="Richters" authorityYear="1904" box="[864,991,665,688]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="spiniger">
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D0AFF9CD06EFD41FC45FD5B" box="[864,991,665,688]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="91">E. spiniger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4FB94D040D0AFF9CD712FD41FB70FD5A" authorityName="Richters" authorityYear="1902" box="[1052,1258,664,689]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="quadrispinosus">
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D0AFF9CD712FD41FB70FD5A" box="[1052,1258,664,689]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="91">E. quadrispinosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Curiously,
<taxonomicName id="4FB94D040D0AFF9CD68AFD41FE7AFD33" authority="Franceschi, 1957" authorityName="Franceschi" authorityYear="1957" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="migiurtinus">
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D0AFF9CD68AFD41FE82FD3C" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="91">E. migiurtinus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EC284B760D0AFF9CD22EFD67FE7AFD33" box="[288,480,703,728]" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" refId="ref9991" refString="Franceschi, T. (1957) Una nuova specie di Echiniscus. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 69, 223 - 225." type="journal article">Franceschi, 1957</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
with reduced set of trunk appendages (exclusively stout spines D d present) seems to deviate from this rule, since it exhibits small, densely arranged pores (
<figureCitation id="10822A020D0AFF9CD0A7FD3BFC67FD10" box="[937,1021,739,764]" captionStart="FIGURES 3035" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1713,1735]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1692]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1692]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 3035. Interspecific appendage length variability in the spinulosus group (PCM): 30—Echiniscus migiurtinus Franceschi, 1957 from Somalia (syntype), dorsal view; 31—Echiniscus spinulosus (Doyère, 1840) from France, lateral view; 32—Echiniscus scabrospinosus Fontoura, 1982 from Portugal, dorso-lateral view; 33—Echiniscus lichenorum Maucci, 1983 from Portugal, dorsal view (paratype); 34—Echiniscus spiniger Richters, 1904, a new addition to the Polish fauna, dorsolateral view; 35—Echiniscus quadrispinosus Richters, 1902 from Scotland, dorso-lateral view; arrowheads indicate pedal plates.Scale bars in µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221277/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="91">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
). However, there are also differences in the degree of pedal (leg) plate development between the representatives of the
<taxonomicName id="4FB94D040D0AFF9CD786FCDFFB64FCCB" authorityName="Gąsiorek &amp; Degma" authorityYear="2018" box="[1160,1278,775,800]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="spinulosus">
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D0AFF9CD786FCDFFB64FCCB" box="[1160,1278,775,800]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="91">spinulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group. Such differences could be a stable specific trait. Pedal (leg) plates can be: invisible in PCM on all legs (
<figureCitation id="10822A020D0AFF9CD7E6FCF3FAA7FCA8" box="[1256,1341,811,836]" captionStart="FIGURES 3035" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1713,1735]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1692]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1692]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 3035. Interspecific appendage length variability in the spinulosus group (PCM): 30—Echiniscus migiurtinus Franceschi, 1957 from Somalia (syntype), dorsal view; 31—Echiniscus spinulosus (Doyère, 1840) from France, lateral view; 32—Echiniscus scabrospinosus Fontoura, 1982 from Portugal, dorso-lateral view; 33—Echiniscus lichenorum Maucci, 1983 from Portugal, dorsal view (paratype); 34—Echiniscus spiniger Richters, 1904, a new addition to the Polish fauna, dorsolateral view; 35—Echiniscus quadrispinosus Richters, 1902 from Scotland, dorso-lateral view; arrowheads indicate pedal plates.Scale bars in µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221277/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="91">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
); visible only on legs IV (
<figureCitation id="10822A020D0AFF9CD25DFC97FE64FC83" box="[339,510,847,872]" captionStart="FIGURES 3035" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1713,1735]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1692]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1692]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 3035. Interspecific appendage length variability in the spinulosus group (PCM): 30—Echiniscus migiurtinus Franceschi, 1957 from Somalia (syntype), dorsal view; 31—Echiniscus spinulosus (Doyère, 1840) from France, lateral view; 32—Echiniscus scabrospinosus Fontoura, 1982 from Portugal, dorso-lateral view; 33—Echiniscus lichenorum Maucci, 1983 from Portugal, dorsal view (paratype); 34—Echiniscus spiniger Richters, 1904, a new addition to the Polish fauna, dorsolateral view; 35—Echiniscus quadrispinosus Richters, 1902 from Scotland, dorso-lateral view; arrowheads indicate pedal plates.Scale bars in µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221277/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="91">Figs 30, 33, 35</figureCitation>
, arrowheads); or present on all legs, and with strongly developed sculpture similar to that on the dorsal plates, which so far was detected only in
<taxonomicName id="4FB94D040D0AFF9CD099FCACFBA8FC67" authorityName="Gąsiorek &amp; Degma" authorityYear="2018" box="[919,1074,883,908]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="spinulosus">
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D0AFF9CD099FCACFBA8FC67" box="[919,1074,883,908]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="91">E. spinulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4FB94D040D0AFF9CD77AFCACFB6CFC60" authorityName="Richters" authorityYear="1904" box="[1140,1270,884,907]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="spiniger">
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D0AFF9CD77AFCACFB6CFC60" box="[1140,1270,884,907]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="91">E. spiniger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="10822A020D0AFF9CD604FCABFA0DFC60" box="[1290,1431,883,908]" captionStart="FIGURES 3035" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1713,1735]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1692]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1692]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 3035. Interspecific appendage length variability in the spinulosus group (PCM): 30—Echiniscus migiurtinus Franceschi, 1957 from Somalia (syntype), dorsal view; 31—Echiniscus spinulosus (Doyère, 1840) from France, lateral view; 32—Echiniscus scabrospinosus Fontoura, 1982 from Portugal, dorso-lateral view; 33—Echiniscus lichenorum Maucci, 1983 from Portugal, dorsal view (paratype); 34—Echiniscus spiniger Richters, 1904, a new addition to the Polish fauna, dorsolateral view; 35—Echiniscus quadrispinosus Richters, 1902 from Scotland, dorso-lateral view; arrowheads indicate pedal plates.Scale bars in µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221277/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="91">Figs 31, 34</figureCitation>
, arrowheads). It is clear that additional studies are needed to better understand the phylogeny and evolution of morphological traits within this species complex. For the Polish fauna, both
<taxonomicName id="4FB94D040D0AFF9CD0E8FC64FBFAFC38" authorityName="Richters" authorityYear="1904" box="[998,1120,956,979]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="spiniger">
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D0AFF9CD0E8FC64FBFAFC38" box="[998,1120,956,979]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="91">E. spiniger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4FB94D040D0AFF9CD79BFC64FAB0FC3F" authorityName="Gąsiorek &amp; Degma" authorityYear="2018" box="[1173,1322,955,980]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="spinulosus">
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D0AFF9CD79BFC64FAB0FC3F" box="[1173,1322,955,980]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="91">E. spinulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be considered as its indigenous components.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="880636870D0AFF9CD3C9FBDBFD38FBD4" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,1088]" pageId="14" pageNumber="91">
The presence of
<taxonomicName id="4FB94D040D0AFF9CD289FBDCFE60FBF7" baseAuthorityName="Doyere" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[391,506,1027,1052]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="testudo">
<emphasis id="BACDEA950D0AFF9CD289FBDCFE60FBF7" box="[391,506,1027,1052]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="91">E. testudo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a typical lowland species, within this sample, represents the first record for this species from the Polish Tatras (
<bibRefCitation id="EC284B760D0AFF9CD2FBFBFFFD0FFBD4" box="[501,661,1063,1088]" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" refId="ref9780" refString="Dastych, H. (1980) Niesporczaki (Tardigrada) Tatrzanskiego Parku Narodowego. Monografie Fauny Polski, 9, 1 - 232." type="journal article">Dastych 1980</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>