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<document id="EB817C252F0D3CA35B75BDEA5285756A" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.319945" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9bab498f-550c-402a-b52e-e35b8880c5d4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="319945" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460283061334" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="De, Marcelo R., Sabaj, Mark H. &amp; Lovejoy, Nathan R." docDate="2011" docId="E05B87D6FFD8FFB2FF43FB728971FE2D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02827p030.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2827" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Potamotrygon tigrina" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="28" masterDocId="1C62FFAEFFC1FFA9FFD4FF908D32FF81" masterDocTitle="Potamotrygon tigrina, a new species of freshwater stingray from the upper Amazon basin, closely related to Potamotrygon schroederi Fernandez-Yépez, 1958 (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae)" masterLastPageNumber="30" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="26" updateTime="1698249750480" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="87B4D5A9EBAFB77B6E9FD4D4653A4C59">Potamotrygon tigrina, a new species of freshwater stingray from the upper Amazon basin, closely related to Potamotrygon schroederi Fernandez-Yépez, 1958 (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DC1F1D820E553E4D1994BD82E0D5EB60">De, Marcelo R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FF7D6B492D1659B97861DA726FD35E7B">Sabaj, Mark H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C7CF2414FFF17238433172DCA598ED99">Lovejoy, Nathan R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="F461EE64E9DDE528C55E070479B67D15">2011</mods:date>
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<treatment id="E05B87D6FFD8FFB2FF43FB728971FE2D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5658667" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119397379" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5658667" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E05B87D6FFD8FFB2FF43FB728971FE2D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E05B87D6FFD8FFB2FF43FB728971FE2D" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<subSubSection id="20E8654BFFD8FFB0FF43FB728E18FB7D" box="[151,810,1250,1276]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="684D36C0FFD8FFB0FF43FB728E18FB7D" blockId="25.[151,1437,1250,2030]" box="[151,810,1250,1276]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<heading id="330581ACFFD8FFB0FF43FB728E18FB7D" bold="true" box="[151,810,1250,1276]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" reason="1">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFD8FFB0FF43FB728E18FB7D" bold="true" box="[151,810,1250,1276]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
Comparisons of
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFD8FFB0FEB0FB728F55FB7D" ID-CoL="4M4RR" box="[356,615,1250,1276]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrina">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFD8FFB0FEB0FB728F55FB7D" bold="true" box="[356,615,1250,1276]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Potamotrygon tigrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with congeners
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="20E8654BFFD8FFB2FF43FA968971FE2D" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="description">
<paragraph id="684D36C0FFD8FFB0FF43FA968ED1F9BC" blockId="25.[151,1437,1250,2030]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFD8FFB0FF43FA968CB8FA9C" box="[151,394,1286,1309]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrina">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFD8FFB0FF43FA968CB8FA9C" box="[151,394,1286,1309]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Potamotrygon tigrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from all species of
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFD8FFB0FCCEFA968E88FA9C" box="[794,954,1286,1309]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFD8FFB0FCCEFA968E88FA9C" box="[794,954,1286,1309]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Potamotrygon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, including
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFD8FFB0FBECFA9689F8FA9C" box="[1080,1226,1285,1309]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schroederi">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFD8FFB0FBECFA9689F8FA9C" box="[1080,1226,1285,1309]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">P. schroederi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, by its unique dorsal color pattern. Many other features (proportions of disc and tail, numbers of pectoral and pelvic fin rays, numbers of vertebrae, dentition, dermal covering, lateral line canals, etc.) further distinguish
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFD8FFB0FBA3FADE89E9FAE4" box="[1143,1243,1358,1381]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">P. t i g r i n a</emphasis>
from congeners, but we restrict our comparisons here mostly to coloration.
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFD8FFB0FC81FAE2897CFA08" box="[853,1102,1394,1417]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrina">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFD8FFB0FC81FAE2897CFA08" box="[853,1102,1394,1417]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Potamotrygon tigrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cannot be confused with
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFD8FFB0FA53FAE28C3EFA2C" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Paratrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyura">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFD8FFB0FA53FAE28C3EFA2C" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">P. brachyura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFD8FFB0FECEFA068CA0FA2C" box="[282,402,1430,1453]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marinae">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFD8FFB0FECEFA068CA0FA2C" box="[282,402,1430,1453]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">P. marinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFD8FFB0FE74FA068F29FA2C" box="[416,539,1429,1453]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orbignyi">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFD8FFB0FE74FA068F29FA2C" box="[416,539,1429,1453]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">P. orbignyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFD8FFB0FD8CFA068FEFFA2C" box="[600,733,1429,1453]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">P. h u m e ro s a</emphasis>
, species with a dorsal disc color composed of a dark brown to blackish reticulate pattern over a light brown or grayish background; in
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFD8FFB0FC6EFA2A8906FA50" box="[954,1076,1465,1489]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orbignyi">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFD8FFB0FC6EFA2A8906FA50" box="[954,1076,1465,1489]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">P. orbignyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFD8FFB0FBBFFA2A89DDFA50" box="[1131,1263,1465,1489]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">P. h u m e ro s a</emphasis>
, but especially in
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFD8FFB0FF63FA4E8C07FA74" box="[183,309,1501,1525]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orbignyi">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFD8FFB0FF63FA4E8C07FA74" box="[183,309,1501,1525]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">P. orbignyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the reticulations may be mixed with yellowish spots and blotches of varying size (
<bibRefCitation id="0C634B31FFD8FFB0FADCFA4D88A3FA74" author="Silva" box="[1288,1425,1501,1525]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Silva, J. P. C. B. da (2010) Revisao taxonomica e morfologica do complexo Potamotrygon orbignyi (Castelnau, 1855) (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes: Potamotrygonidae). Unpubl. Master's diss., Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, xvi + 198 p." type="book" year="2010">Silva, 2010</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFD8FFB0FF43F9928C81F998" box="[151,435,1537,1561]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyura">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFD8FFB0FF43F9928C81F998" box="[151,435,1537,1561]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Potamotrygon brachyura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, restricted to the Paraná-Paraguay and
<collectingCountry id="10E57650FFD8FFB0FCBEF9928EFEF99B" box="[874,972,1538,1562]" name="Uruguay" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
basins, has a markedly circular disc with a proportionally much shorter tail (only slightly greater than one-half DW).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="684D36C0FFD8FFB0FF13F9D98E96F800" blockId="25.[151,1437,1250,2030]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
The following species of
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFD8FFB0FE31F9DA8FB7F9E0" box="[485,645,1610,1633]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFD8FFB0FE31F9DA8FB7F9E0" box="[485,645,1610,1633]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Potamotrygon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have a dorsal disc color composed of numerous spots, smaller irregular markings, and/or ocelli of variable size, but which do not form vermiculate patterns as in
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFD8FFB0FB65F9FE8827F904" box="[1201,1301,1646,1669]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">P. t i g r i n a</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFD8FFB0FAFDF9FE88A3F904" box="[1321,1425,1646,1669]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">P. m o t o ro</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFD8FFB0FF43F9028C37F928" box="[151,261,1681,1705]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">P. s c o b i n a</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFD8FFB0FEC3F9028CB7F928" box="[279,389,1682,1705]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="signata">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFD8FFB0FEC3F9028CB7F928" box="[279,389,1682,1705]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">P. signata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFD8FFB0FE47F9028E3DF928" authority="Castex &amp; Castello, 1970" authorityName="Castex &amp; Castello" authorityYear="1970" box="[403,783,1681,1705]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yepezi">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFD8FFB0FE47F9028CC6F928" box="[403,500,1682,1705]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">P. yepezi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="0C634B31FFD8FFB0FE2FF9018E3DF928" author="Castex" box="[507,783,1681,1705]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Castex, M. N. &amp; Yagolkowski, D. R. (1970) Note on two fresh-water sting-rays species (Condrichthyes, Potamotrygonidae): a. Redescription of Potamotrygon schroederi, Yepez 1957. b. Designation of two paratypes of P. pauckei Castex 1963 and their description. Acta Scientifica, Universidad del Salvador, 9, 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1970">Castex &amp; Castello, 1970</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFD8FFB0FCCEF9028876F928" authority="Rosa, Carvalho &amp; Wanderley, 2008" authorityName="Rosa, Carvalho &amp; Wanderley" authorityYear="2008" box="[794,1348,1681,1705]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boesemani">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFD8FFB0FCCEF9028E9CF928" box="[794,942,1681,1705]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">P. boesemani</emphasis>
Rosa, Carvalho &amp; Wanderley, 2008
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFD8FFB0FA9BF9028D81F94C" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">P. h e n - lei</emphasis>
(Castelnau, 1855), and
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFD8FFB0FE16F9268E68F94C" authority="Castex &amp; Castello, 1970" authorityName="Castex &amp; Castello" authorityYear="1970" box="[450,858,1717,1741]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leopoldi">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFD8FFB0FE16F9268F09F94C" box="[450,571,1717,1741]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">P. leopoldi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="0C634B31FFD8FFB0FD97F9258E68F94C" author="Castex" box="[579,858,1717,1741]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Castex, M. N. &amp; Yagolkowski, D. R. (1970) Note on two fresh-water sting-rays species (Condrichthyes, Potamotrygonidae): a. Redescription of Potamotrygon schroederi, Yepez 1957. b. Designation of two paratypes of P. pauckei Castex 1963 and their description. Acta Scientifica, Universidad del Salvador, 9, 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1970">Castex &amp; Castello, 1970</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; the latter two species also have a striking black to grayish-black dorsal background color.
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFD8FFB0FD85F94A8946F970" authority="Valenciennes, 1865" authorityName="Valenciennes" authorityYear="1865" box="[593,1140,1753,1777]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magdalenae">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFD8FFB0FD85F94A8EB2F970" box="[593,896,1753,1777]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Potamotrygon magdalenae</emphasis>
(Valenciennes, 1865)
</taxonomicName>
, a very small species from the Magdalena and Atrato basins in
<collectingCountry id="10E57650FFD8FFB0FDF3F96D8FAAF894" box="[551,664,1789,1813]" name="Colombia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, also has numerous small spots on dorsal surface, but these may form vermiculate markings that are, however, much finer than in
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFD8FFB0FCEBF8B28E96F8B8" box="[831,932,1826,1849]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">P. t i g r i n a</emphasis>
(some smaller specimens of
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFD8FFB0FB20F8B28856F8B8" box="[1268,1380,1826,1849]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="signata">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFD8FFB0FB20F8B28856F8B8" box="[1268,1380,1826,1849]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">P. signata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may also have finer vermiculations);
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFD8FFB0FDD0F8D68F98F8DC" box="[516,682,1861,1885]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magdalenae">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFD8FFB0FDD0F8D68F98F8DC" box="[516,682,1861,1885]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">P. magdalenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also has a lighter brown to olive background color and lacks wide alternating vertical stripes on tail (as do all species mentioned above).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="684D36C0FFD8FFB3FF13F81D8E54FD05" blockId="25.[151,1437,1250,2030]" lastBlockId="26.[151,1436,151,2013]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
Other species of
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFD8FFB0FE5DF81E8F1BF824" box="[393,553,1934,1957]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFD8FFB0FE5DF81E8F1BF824" box="[393,553,1934,1957]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Potamotrygon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may have developed vermiculate patterns, such as
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFD8FFB0FBA1F81E89DBF824" box="[1141,1257,1933,1957]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="falkneri">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFD8FFB0FBA1F81E89DBF824" box="[1141,1257,1933,1957]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">P. falkneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and, to a much lesser degree,
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFD8FFB0FEE1F8228CABF848" box="[309,409,1969,1993]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="histrix">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFD8FFB0FEE1F8228CABF848" box="[309,409,1969,1993]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">P. histrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but never resembling the specific design of
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFD8FFB0FC59F8228EC0F848" box="[909,1010,1970,1993]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">P. t ig r in a</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFD8FFB0FBD7F8228833F848" box="[1027,1281,1969,1993]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="falkneri">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFD8FFB0FBD7F8228833F848" box="[1027,1281,1969,1993]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Potamotrygon falkneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(including its junior synonym
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFD8FFB0FE9BF8468E29F86C" authority="Castello &amp; Yagolkowski, 1969" authorityName="Castello &amp; Yagolkowski" authorityYear="1969" box="[335,795,2005,2029]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="castexi">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFD8FFB0FE9BF8468C8BF86C" box="[335,441,2006,2029]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">P. castexi</emphasis>
Castello &amp; Yagolkowski, 1969
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="0C634B31FFD8FFB0FCF3F8458907F86C" author="Silva" box="[807,1077,2005,2029]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Silva, J. P. C. B. da &amp; Carvalho, M. R. de (2011) A taxonomic and morphological redescription of Potamotrygon falkneri Castex &amp; Maciel, 1963 (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes: Potamotrygonidae). Neotropical Ichthyology, 9 (1), 209 - 232." type="journal article" year="2011">Silva &amp; Carvalho, 2011</bibRefCitation>
), a widely distributed species in the Paraná-Paraguay system but which also occurs in the Amazon basin (in the upper Rio Madeira and upper Río Marañon;
<bibRefCitation id="0C634B31FFDBFFB3FEDEFF2C8F25FF55" author="Silva" box="[266,535,188,212]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Silva, J. P. C. B. da &amp; Carvalho, M. R. de (2011) A taxonomic and morphological redescription of Potamotrygon falkneri Castex &amp; Maciel, 1963 (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes: Potamotrygonidae). Neotropical Ichthyology, 9 (1), 209 - 232." type="journal article" year="2011">Silva &amp; Carvalho, 2011</bibRefCitation>
), may have significant vermiculate markings, but when present these are distinct from
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDBFFB3FF0CFF718C72FF79" box="[216,320,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. t ig r in a</emphasis>
in being much finer, more tightly arranged.
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFDBFFB3FC84FF718960FF79" box="[848,1106,224,248]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="falkneri">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDBFFB3FC84FF718960FF79" box="[848,1106,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Potamotrygon falkneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is greatly variable in dorsal color, ranging from relatively small (smaller or equal to eye diameter) orange to tan spots to a fine vermiculate pattern, over a brownish background color (great color variation is present throughout its range). But this species, in contrast to
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFDBFFB3FEC0FEDD8C49FEE5" box="[276,379,333,356]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrina">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDBFFB3FEC0FEDD8C49FEE5" box="[276,379,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. tigrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, has a very particular ventral disc coloration (with brownish markings on posterior and lateral disc, as well as pelvic fins and tail), dorsal and lateral tail coloration usually also with small vermiculate markings (never with wide bars of alternating dark and light color), and two angular cartilages on each side (for further distinctions between
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFDBFFB3FEB1FE298CEBFE51" box="[357,473,440,464]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="falkneri">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDBFFB3FEB1FE298CEBFE51" box="[357,473,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. falkneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFDBFFB3FDC7FE298F4EFE51" box="[531,636,441,464]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrina">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDBFFB3FDC7FE298F4EFE51" box="[531,636,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. tigrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, see Remarks above under this species; also
<bibRefCitation id="0C634B31FFDBFFB3FBAAFE2788A3FE4E" author="Silva" box="[1150,1425,439,463]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Silva, J. P. C. B. da &amp; Carvalho, M. R. de (2011) A taxonomic and morphological redescription of Potamotrygon falkneri Castex &amp; Maciel, 1963 (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes: Potamotrygonidae). Neotropical Ichthyology, 9 (1), 209 - 232." type="journal article" year="2011">Silva &amp; Carvalho, 2011</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFDBFFB3FF43FE4D8CBAFE75" box="[151,392,476,500]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="histrix">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDBFFB3FF43FE4D8CBAFE75" box="[151,392,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Potamotrygon histrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a relatively small species from the Paraná-Paraguay basin with a dark gray to greenishblack dorsal and ventral coloration (ventral color pattern over most of disc and tail), with an incomplete reticulate or vermiculate pattern dorsally, and disc and tail region covered in sharp, well developed denticles (also present on tail sides). When vermiculate markings are present in
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFDBFFB3FD2DFDD98E6FFDE1" box="[761,861,584,608]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="histrix">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDBFFB3FD2DFDD98E6FFDE1" box="[761,861,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. histrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, these never form the conspicuous, relatively wide and highly convoluted vermiculate patterns present in
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFDBFFB3FD2CFDFD8E6DFD05" box="[760,863,621,644]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrina">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDBFFB3FD2CFDFD8E6DFD05" box="[760,863,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. tigrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="684D36C0FFDBFFB3FF13FD1F89A6FAAE" blockId="26.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
Species of
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFDBFFB3FE90FD018CD6FD29" box="[324,484,657,680]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDBFFB3FE90FD018CD6FD29" box="[324,484,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Potamotrygon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with a single developed angular cartilage associated to each hyomandibula, as in
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFDBFFB3FA53FD018DD1FD4D" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrina">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDBFFB3FA53FD018DD1FD4D" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. tigrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, include
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFDBFFB3FE9FFD258CECFD4D" box="[331,478,692,716]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schroederi">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDBFFB3FE9FFD258CECFD4D" box="[331,478,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. schroederi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFDBFFB3FE38FD258F7DFD4D" box="[492,591,692,716]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="histrix">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDBFFB3FE38FD258F7DFD4D" box="[492,591,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. histrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFDBFFB3FD89FD258FEAFD4D" box="[605,728,692,716]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orbignyi">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDBFFB3FD89FD258FEAFD4D" box="[605,728,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. orbignyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDBFFB3FD32FD258E5EFD4D" box="[742,876,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. h u m e ro s a</emphasis>
, and
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDBFFB3FC79FD258911FD4D" box="[941,1059,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. m a r i na e</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFDBFFB3FBE1FD25881CFD4D" box="[1077,1326,693,716]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="signata">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDBFFB3FBE1FD25881CFD4D" box="[1077,1326,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Potamotrygon signata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a laterally elongate anterior angular (reaching at least one-half of hyomandibula length;
<bibRefCitation id="0C634B31FFDBFFB3FB8EFD47887FFD6E" author="Carvalho" box="[1114,1357,727,751]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Carvalho, M. R. de, Maisey, J. G. &amp; Grande, L. (2004) Freshwater stingrays of the Green River Formation of Wyoming (Early Eocene), with the description of a new genus and species and an analysis of its phylogenetic relationships (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 284, 1 - 136." type="journal article" year="2004">Carvalho et al., 2004</bibRefCitation>
) and a smaller, somewhat rounded posterior angular that is closely adjacent to the hyomandibula (and easily missed in dissections; note that in
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDBFFB3FE58FCB18CC0FCB9" box="[396,498,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. ti gr i na</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFDBFFB3FDFBFCB18FF1FCB9" box="[559,707,800,824]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schroederi">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDBFFB3FDFBFCB18FF1FCB9" box="[559,707,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. schroederi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a very minute, uncalcified and concealed posterior angular element may be present in some specimens). The angular of
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDBFFB3FC8AFCD58EF6FCDD" box="[862,964,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. h i s t r i x</emphasis>
is anteriorly strongly concave in most specimens examined, and relatively wider than in the
<typeStatus id="B7498862FFDBFFB3FD26FCF78E66FCFE" box="[754,852,871,895]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFDBFFB3FCAEFCF98ED3FC01" box="[890,993,873,896]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrina">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDBFFB3FCAEFCF98ED3FC01" box="[890,993,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. tigrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFDBFFB3FBDAFCF989BBFC01" box="[1038,1161,872,896]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orbignyi">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDBFFB3FBDAFCF989BBFC01" box="[1038,1161,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. orbignyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDBFFB3FB6BFCF98877FC01" box="[1215,1349,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. h u m e ro s a</emphasis>
, and to a lesser extent
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFDBFFB3FEEAFC1D8C8AFC25" box="[318,440,909,932]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marinae">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDBFFB3FEEAFC1D8C8AFC25" box="[318,440,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. marinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the angular is also wider than in
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFDBFFB3FCECFC1D8E92FC25" box="[824,928,909,932]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrina">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDBFFB3FCECFC1D8E92FC25" box="[824,928,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. tigrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(but not as great as the anterior angular in
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFDBFFB3FA53FC1D8DD8FC49" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="signata">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDBFFB3FA53FC1D8DD8FC49" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. signata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); the angular of
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDBFFB3FE75FC218F36FC49" box="[417,516,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. t i g r i n a</emphasis>
is more similar in size to that of
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFDBFFB3FCA0FC218937FC49" box="[884,1029,944,968]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schroederi">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDBFFB3FCA0FC218937FC49" box="[884,1029,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. schroederi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but this may be slightly variable, as in the
<typeStatus id="B7498862FFDBFFB3FF34FC458C72FC6C" box="[224,320,981,1005]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
the angulars are proportionally slightly greater. With the exception of
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFDBFFB3FBB3FC4589C9FC6D" box="[1127,1275,980,1004]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schroederi">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDBFFB3FBB3FC4589C9FC6D" box="[1127,1275,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. schroederi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however, the above species have markedly reticulate dorsal background patterns (less so in
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFDBFFB3FBD2FC69895BFB91" box="[1030,1129,1016,1040]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="histrix">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDBFFB3FBD2FC69895BFB91" box="[1030,1129,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. histrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but see above) and cannot be confused with
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFDBFFB3FE8FFB8D8F6CFBB5" authority="Silva, 2010" authorityName="Silva" authorityYear="2010" box="[347,606,1052,1076]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrina">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDBFFB3FE8FFB8D8CF0FBB5" box="[347,450,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. tigrina</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="0C634B31FFDBFFB3FE05FB8C8F64FBB5" author="Silva" box="[465,598,1052,1076]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Silva, J. P. C. B. da (2010) Revisao taxonomica e morfologica do complexo Potamotrygon orbignyi (Castelnau, 1855) (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes: Potamotrygonidae). Unpubl. Master's diss., Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, xvi + 198 p." type="book" year="2010">Silva, 2010</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. The reticulate dorsal pattern in
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFDBFFB3FC17FB8D8909FBB5" box="[963,1083,1053,1076]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marinae">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDBFFB3FC17FB8D8909FBB5" box="[963,1083,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. marinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, described from
<collectingCountry id="10E57650FFDBFFB3FB23FB8C88AEFBB5" box="[1271,1436,1052,1076]" name="French Guiana" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="0C634B31FFDBFFB3FF4AFBD08C09FBD9" author="Deynat" box="[158,315,1088,1112]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Deynat, P. (2006) Potamotrygon marinae n. sp., une nouvelle espece de raies d'eau douce de Guyane (Myliobatiformes, Potamotrygonidae). Comptes Rendus Biologies, 329, 483 - 493." type="journal article" year="2006">Deynat, 2006</bibRefCitation>
), delimits large, irregular, lighter blotches formed from the association of smaller spots (much more clearly visible in live and freshly captured material). Ventral coloration in
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDBFFB3FC25FBF5895BFBFD" box="[1009,1129,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. m a r i n a e</emphasis>
, however, is composed of intense, dark brown blotches over mid, lateral and posterior disc, and most of pelvic fins; the ventral tail also presents a dark midline with lighter patterns laterally (in
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDBFFB3FD37FB3D8E74FB45" box="[739,838,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. t i g r i n a</emphasis>
, ventral coloration is a uniform creamy white, with a creamy white ventral tail that may have darker lateral blotches on sides).
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFDBFFB3FC0CFB4189ECFB69" box="[984,1246,1233,1256]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marinae">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDBFFB3FC0CFB4189ECFB69" box="[984,1246,1233,1256]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Potamotrygon marinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is further distinguished from
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDBFFB3FEECFB658C92FA8D" box="[312,416,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. t ig r in a</emphasis>
in proportions of disc, pelvic fins, and tail, as well as in dermal covering, according to material we have examined (further information on this species is provided in
<bibRefCitation id="0C634B31FFDBFFB3FBD0FA8789BAFAAE" author="Silva" box="[1028,1160,1303,1327]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Silva, J. P. C. B. da (2010) Revisao taxonomica e morfologica do complexo Potamotrygon orbignyi (Castelnau, 1855) (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes: Potamotrygonidae). Unpubl. Master's diss., Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, xvi + 198 p." type="book" year="2010">Silva, 2010</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="684D36C0FFDBFFB3FF13FAAD8F35F85D" blockId="26.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFDBFFB3FF13FAAD8C8EFAD5" box="[199,444,1341,1364]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrina">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDBFFB3FF13FAAD8C8EFAD5" box="[199,444,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Potamotrygon tigrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFDBFFB3FE21FAAD8FBBFAD5" box="[501,649,1340,1364]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schroederi">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDBFFB3FE21FAAD8FBBFAD5" box="[501,649,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. schroederi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
share features that appear to be derived within
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFDBFFB3FB7CFAAC884BFAD5" box="[1192,1401,1340,1364]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Potamotrygonidae</taxonomicName>
. In particular, the strongly banded, alternating dark and light colored distal tail region is very similar and clearly divergent from the tail coloration in any other potamotrygonid species. Also, some of the anterior ventral lateral line canals of
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFDBFFB3FED2FA398CA9FA41" box="[262,411,1448,1472]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schroederi">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDBFFB3FED2FA398CA9FA41" box="[262,411,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. schroederi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDBFFB3FE02FA398F0EFA41" box="[470,572,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. t i g r i n a</emphasis>
are differently arranged from those of other species of
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFDBFFB3FB15FA398853FA41" box="[1217,1377,1449,1472]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDBFFB3FB15FA398853FA41" box="[1217,1377,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Potamotrygon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(and
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFDBFFB3FF43FA5C8CB1FA65" box="[151,387,1484,1508]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Plesiotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iwamae">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDBFFB3FF43FA5C8CB1FA65" box="[151,387,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Plesiotrygon iwamae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as well, which has ventral lateral line canals similar to
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFDBFFB3FC3DFA5D89BBFA65" box="[1001,1161,1485,1508]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDBFFB3FC3DFA5D89BBFA65" box="[1001,1161,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Potamotrygon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). These include the very slender, compressed posterior jugular loop (formed between the jugular and infraorbital canals; in other
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFDBFFB3FAC8FA618DF3F9AD" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDBFFB3FAC8FA618DF3F9AD" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Potamotrygon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species this loop is more broad), and the highly acute anterior angle formed by three different components: the suborbital and rostral loops of the infraorbital canal, and the orbitonasal component of the supraorbital canal (Figure 20); in other species of
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFDBFFB3FE13F9CD8F55F9F5" box="[455,615,1629,1652]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDBFFB3FE13F9CD8F55F9F5" box="[455,615,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Potamotrygon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the anterior angle in these canals is less acute (based on work in progress comparing the lateral line canals of all potamotrygonid species). These features, however, need further comparisons on more specimens of
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFDBFFB3FE1BF9358F05F93D" box="[463,567,1701,1724]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrina">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDBFFB3FE1BF9358F05F93D" box="[463,567,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. tigrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as only the
<typeStatus id="B7498862FFDBFFB3FD13F9348E1BF93D" box="[711,809,1700,1724]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
was examined.
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFDBFFB3FC0AF93589E0F93D" box="[990,1234,1701,1724]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrina">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDBFFB3FC0AF93589E0F93D" box="[990,1234,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Potamotrygon tigrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFDBFFB3FADDF93588AEF93D" box="[1289,1436,1700,1724]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schroederi">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDBFFB3FADDF93588AEF93D" box="[1289,1436,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. schroederi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also share specific angular cartilage morphology and angular cartilage proportions (
<figureCitation id="F0C92A45FFDBFFB3FB87F95889F2F961" box="[1107,1216,1736,1760]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1878,1901]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,988,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,988,1864]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Details of the skeleton and dermal covering in Potamotrygon tigrina, n. sp., from holotype (MUSM 39978, 495 mm TL, 271 mm DL, and 258 mm DW). A) Splanchnocranium and scapular region (most of gill arches removed). B) Close-up of angular cartilage. C) Base of tail region showing arrangement of dorsal spines and denticles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3227624/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figures 5</figureCitation>
B, 17B), as well as general morphometrics and meristics, and arrangement of spines on dorsal tail region. The specific distal tail color, (single) angular cartilage morphology, patterns of the anterior ventral lateral line canals, and particular dorsal tailspine arrangement, are considered here derived features within potamotrygonids hypothesized to be indicative of their close relationship (to be tested in a morphological species level phylogeny currently in preparation by the senior author). Both
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFDBFFB3FE5CF8ED8F2FF815" box="[392,541,1916,1940]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schroederi">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDBFFB3FE5CF8ED8F2FF815" box="[392,541,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. schroederi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDBFFB3FD8EF8ED8FF2F815" box="[602,704,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. t i g r i n a</emphasis>
also share a similar outer disc margin coloration composed of numerous small spots that may coalesce and form more elaborate patterns, but this feature is more widespread among species of
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFDBFFB3FEB4F8558F32F85D" box="[352,512,1989,2012]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDBFFB3FEB4F8558F32F85D" box="[352,512,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Potamotrygon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="684D36C0FFDAFFB2FF13FF098971FE2D" blockId="27.[151,1436,151,428]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFDAFFB2FF13FF098C8EFF31" box="[199,444,153,176]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrina">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDAFFB2FF13FF098C8EFF31" box="[199,444,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Potamotrygon tigrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFDAFFB2FE21FF098FBBFF31" box="[501,649,152,176]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schroederi">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDAFFB2FE21FF098FBBFF31" box="[501,649,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">P. schroederi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are easily distinguished from each other by their highly conspicuous dorsal color patterns. The background color is similar in both species, but in
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFDAFFB2FBC4FF2D8996FF55" box="[1040,1188,188,212]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schroederi">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDAFFB2FBC4FF2D8996FF55" box="[1040,1188,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">P. schroederi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, due to the particular design and arrangement of the yellowish rosettes, brain-shaped figures and other lighter markings, the background color appears far more evenly reticulate or mesh-like than in
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFDAFFB2FCB1FE958EE2FE9D" box="[869,976,261,284]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrina">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDAFFB2FCB1FE958EE2FE9D" box="[869,976,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">P. tigrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(but note that the head and interorbital region of
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFDAFFB2FED3FEB98CAEFEC1" box="[263,412,296,320]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schroederi">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDAFFB2FED3FEB98CAEFEC1" box="[263,412,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">P. schroederi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may present finer vermiculate markings). In
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFDAFFB2FC77FEB9893FFEC1" box="[931,1037,297,320]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrina">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDAFFB2FC77FEB9893FFEC1" box="[931,1037,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">P. tigrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the dark brown to blackish dorsal background color is highly interwoven with the bright yellow to orange vermiculate markings, not forming a more evenly defined reticulate pattern, whereas in
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFDAFFB2FD58FEE18E2FFE09" box="[652,797,368,392]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schroederi">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFDAFFB2FD58FEE18E2FFE09" box="[652,797,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">P. schroederi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the darker background color is not as tortuously intricate with the rosettes and brain-shaped figures on mid, lateral and posterior disc regions.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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