194 lines
18 KiB
XML
194 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.2.2522" ID-GBIF-Dataset="915fd11f-00db-4343-8182-fb7a2a3bab34" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152023282" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049-2-1" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1314-4049-2-1" ModsDocOrigin="MycoKeys 2" ModsDocTitle="A review of the genus Bulbothrix Hale: the species with medullary norstictic or protocetraric acids" checkinTime="1451253027693" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Benatti, Michel N." docDate="2012" docId="D40B5A7ABB2F8C5A5D4B3AF8C0E5128F" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 2: 1-28" docOrigin="MycoKeys 2" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.2.2522" docTitle="Bulbothrix cinerea Marcelli & Kalb. Mitteilungen aus dem Institut fuer Allgemeine Botanik Hamburg 30 / 32: 127. 2002" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="AB004475FFC0FFEFFFD5FFBAF60AFFB7" masterDocTitle="A review of the genus Bulbothrix Hale: the species with medullary norstictic or protocetraric acids" masterLastPageNumber="28" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1643546518216" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>A review of the genus Bulbothrix Hale: the species with medullary norstictic or protocetraric acids</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Benatti, Michel N.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>MycoKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>2</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>28</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.2.2522</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.2.2522</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-4049-2-1</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152023282" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D40B5A7ABB2F8C5A5D4B3AF8C0E5128F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D40B5A7ABB2F8C5A5D4B3AF8C0E5128F" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="Mycobank: MB 427200" authority="Marcelli & Kalb. Mitteilungen aus dem Institut fuer Allgemeine Botanik Hamburg 30 / 32: 127. 2002." class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix cinerea" order="Lecanorales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="cinerea">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="4" start="start">Bulbothrix</pageBreakToken>
|
||
cinerea Marcelli & Kalb. Mitteilungen aus dem Institut
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="für">fuer</normalizedToken>
|
||
Allgemeine Botanik Hamburg 30/32: 127. 2002.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Figures 3-4
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Holotype.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Brasil, Bahia, Serra do Tombador, between Mundo Novo and Morro do
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chapéu">Chapeu</normalizedToken>
|
||
, alt. 1000 m, leg. K. Kalb s.n., 18/20-VII-1980 (K. Kalb pers. herb. 20931!).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Thallus sublinearly laciniate, turning dusky gray in the herbarium, fragments up to 3.8 cm diam., subcoriaceous, saxicolous; upper cortex 12.5−17.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
thick, algal layer 25.0−37.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
thick, medulla 62.5−75.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
thick, lower cortex 12.5−22.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
thick. Laciniae irregularly or in part anisotomically dichotomously branched, 0.4-1.6 (−2.5) mm wide, slightly imbricate becoming more crowded in the center, strongly adnate and very appressed, with flat, truncate to subtruncate apices, the margins flat, crenate to subcrenate or somewhat subirregular, entire to slightly incised, sometimes sublacinulate, the axils oval, upper surface smooth and continuous occasionally with irregular cracks in older parts, laminal cilia bulbs absent. Lacinulae marginal, adventitious, scarce, randomly appearing in old parts, short, flat, simple to furcate or irregularly branched, truncate, underside pale brown concolorous with the lower marginal zone, 0.2-1.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.1-0.7 mm. Maculae absent. Cilia black, without apices or with very brittle, simple and downward-bent apices, 0.05-0.40
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
ca. 0.03 mm, with semi-immerse to emerse bulbate bases 0.10-0.20 (-0.30) mm wide, frequently throughout the margins spaced ca. 0.05 mm from each other to occasionally contiguous, in small groups or solitary in the crenulations and axils, often reniform and withered, becoming absent or scarce at the apices of the laciniae. Soredia and pustulae absent. Isidia frequent, laminal, granular to smooth cylindrical
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
irregular, occasionally slightly flattened or somewhat dilated (but not inflated), straight, 0.05-0.30 (-0.65)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
ca. 0.05-0.15 (-0.30 when dilated) mm, simple to sometimes sparsely branched, erect, firm although brittle, quite shiny with brown or blackish apices, eciliate (sometimes swollen and resembling thick pycnidia, see comments). Medulla white. Lower surface almost uniformly pale brown, except for some darker marginal parts, shiny, smooth, slightly papillate, moderately rhizinate. Marginal zone brown to dark brown, almost indistinct from the center, shiny, 0.5-1.0 mm wide, smooth, papillate or slightly rhizinate. Rhizinae brown to dark brown, simple, generally with dark bulbate bases, 0.10-0.60
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
ca. 0.05 (-0.10) mm, frequent, evenly distributed. Apothecia subconcave to concave, adnate to substipitate, 0.3-3.7 mm diam., laminal, margin crenate to dentate and incised, coronate, the bulbs frequently interrupting the continuity of the margin leaving them lobulate, amphithecia smooth without ornamentations when young becoming gradually more isidiate and sometimes forming ciliary bulbs with progressing development. Disc light or meaty brown, epruinose, imperforate, epithecium 7.5-12.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
high, hymenium 45.0−55.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
high, subhymenium 25.0−32.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
high. Ascospores ellipsoid to oval, 10.0-13.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
6.0-7.5 (-8.5)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, epispore ca. 0.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Pycnidia laminal (a lichenicolous fungus resembling pycnidia may occur on the isidia), immerse, with brown or black ostioles. Conidia weakly bifusiform, 5.0−6.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="spot tests">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Spot tests.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">upper cortex K+ yellow, UV-; medulla K+ yellow→orange or light red, C-, KC-, P+ orange, UV-.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="tlc/hplc">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">TLC/HPLC.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
cortical atranorin, medullary norstictic and connorstictic acids (see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Marcelli and Ribeiro 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
South America: Brazil - Bahia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Marcelli and Ribeiro 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Minas Gerais (
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ribeiro 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Marcelli and Ribeiro 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="additional specimen examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Additional specimen examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Brazil, Minas Gerais State, Catas Altas Municipality, Serra do
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caraça">Caraca</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Parque Natural do
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caraça">Caraca</normalizedToken>
|
||
, on sun exposed rock at the trail at the edge of riparian, leg. M.P. Marcelli & C. H. Ribeiro 31971, 09-IX-1997 (SP).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="comments">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Comments.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">The holotype (Fig. 3) consists of several small fragments (between 0.5 and 4.0 cm diam.) in good condition, free of substrate, not being glued to a card voucher. The lower cortex is easily viewable. On most of the fragments there are several apothecia in various stages of maturation, but not all fragments have apothecia containing mature ascospores.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Until the discovery of this species,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix decurtata" order="Lecanorales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="decurtata">Bulbothrix decurtata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Kurokawa) Hale was the only other known species of the genus that appeared to be obligatory saxicolous. In view of the very fragmentary condition of the analyzed material,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix cinerea" order="Lecanorales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="cinerea">Bulbothrix cinerea</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems to be a species whose thalli are very closely attached to the substrate and difficult to collect, as noted already by the authors (
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Marcelli and Ribeiro 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
The accentuated gray tinge of the thalli seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix cinerea" order="Lecanorales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="cinerea">Bulbothrix cinerea</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unusual among
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Parmeliaceae" lsidName="Parmeliaceae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="genus">Parmeliaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Marcelli & Ribeiro 2002). Its isidia also have some peculiarities. Their dark apices are somewhat bright in young stages and can, at this stage, be confused with laminal ciliary bulbs [like those found in specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix ventricosa" order="Lecanorales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="ventricosa">Bulbothrix ventricosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hale & Kurokawa) Hale], parasitic fungi, or pycnidia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Cross-sections of the isidia reveal, however, the typical anatomical structure: they are only covered by a thin dark
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“skin”">"skin"</normalizedToken>
|
||
[similar to the isidia of the saxicolous species
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix decurtata" order="Lecanorales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="decurtata">Bulbothrix decurtata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Kurokawa) Hale] and lack a compact cortex cover. This dark coverage is restricted to the apices of the isidia when they are mature.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Common among isidia on both specimens studied are large, globose, blackened structures about 0.10-0.30 mm wide. They are mainly visible in the more inflated isidia and might be of parasitic nature. Morphologically they are identical to laminal pycnidia, but conidia were not found in sections under the microscope.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
As explained by the authors (Ribeiro and Marcelli 2002),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix cinerea" order="Lecanorales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="cinerea">Bulbothrix cinerea</taxonomicName>
|
||
tends to have marginal cilia without apices or with simple apices curved downward toward the substrate, leaving only the bulbs visible when casually observed from above. Sometimes scars or remnants of brittle apices can be observed. Several of the bulbs, however, notably those who developed in parts of the thallus unlikely to
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“anchor”">"anchor"</normalizedToken>
|
||
it to the substrate, do not show any signs of apex development.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix isidiza" order="Lecanorales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="isidiza">Bulbothrix isidiza</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Nylander) Hale differs by being corticicolous with a more light tinged cortex, having laciniae twice as large as those of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix cinerea" order="Lecanorales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="cinerea">Bulbothrix cinerea</taxonomicName>
|
||
(2.0-5.5 mm wide), isidia that are never pycnidiate and not becoming swollen or lobulate, and having salazinic acid as medullary substance.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix ventricosa" order="Lecanorales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="ventricosa">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="start">Bulbothrix</pageBreakToken>
|
||
ventricosa
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix cinerea" order="Lecanorales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="cinerea">Bulbothrix cinerea</taxonomicName>
|
||
by being corticicolous, having a lighter tinge with larger laciniae (1.5-4.5 mm wide), never having pycnidiate isidia that are concolor to the cortex which do not become swollen or lobulate, and the often variable mottled colored lower cortex, as well as the fairly common presence of laminal ciliary bulbs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix decurtata" order="Lecanorales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="decurtata">Bulbothrix decurtata</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix cinerea" order="Lecanorales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="cinerea">Bulbothrix cinerea</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having both a black lower cortex and rhizinae, and salazinic acid as medullary substance. Although when undeveloped the isidia of both species are somewhat similar (curiously, only saxicolous species of the genus appear to form blackened isidia), its development is well differentiated. Isidia on
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix cinerea" order="Lecanorales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="cinerea">Bulbothrix cinerea</taxonomicName>
|
||
grow larger and thicker, often appearing to be inflated (but not really pustular) or getting flattened acquiring an aspect similar to lobules. The isidia of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix decurtata" order="Lecanorales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="decurtata">Bulbothrix decurtata</taxonomicName>
|
||
are small and near always completely blackened, even in advanced stages of development. Pycnidia do not develop in the isidia of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix decurtata" order="Lecanorales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="decurtata">Bulbothrix decurtata</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |