216 lines
23 KiB
XML
216 lines
23 KiB
XML
<document id="7BD161849FE1C4B3777937232A370440" ID-CLB-Dataset="21483" ID-DOI="10.3161/150811014X687369" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9322a9db-0fb9-4136-a366-3bde45d1220e" ID-ISSN="1733-5329" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3943617" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1594705466733" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Huang, Joe Chun-Chia, Jazdzyk, Elly Lestari, Nusalawo, Meyner, Maryanto, Ibnu, Maharadatunkamsi, Wiantoro, Sigit & Kingston, Tigga" docDate="2014" docId="C11B87BDFFAFBF359A75FC10FEEF7254" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaChiropterologica.16.2.413-449.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Acta Chiropterologica 16 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:A870862413AAF9DEC7D3C2B4FC7FB2AC.1:ActaChiropterol.2008-2015.journal_article" docStyleId="A870862413AAF9DEC7D3C2B4FC7FB2AC" docStyleName="ActaChiropterol.2008-2015.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Pteropus vampyrus" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="426" masterDocId="3D22FFC5FFA2BF3B990BFFE2FFA47674" masterDocTitle="A recent bat survey reveals Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape as a chiropteran diversity hotspot in Sumatra" masterLastPageNumber="449" masterPageNumber="413" pageNumber="425" updateTime="1698843436685" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="E48B6E73A6292C918DC7AE11D0AE0FE6">A recent bat survey reveals Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape as a chiropteran diversity hotspot in Sumatra</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="19AC09E7724598E0DB70FCC64CA7421C">Huang, Joe Chun-Chia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8519C23881C5C083792E775E469A1AEA">Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA & Southeast Asian Bat Conservation Research Unit, Lubbock, TX, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="001841A59A35000525DFBA3CF9A0F26C">Jazdzyk, Elly Lestari</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="382ABD013490BB3DC476188BE7E2A5A5">Department of Biology, College of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="566A15465C7C3479B7A9E2CD72F277C6">Nusalawo, Meyner</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9FEB31EBB210394D0589685077FDE305">Wildlife Conservation Society-Indonesian Program, Bogor, Indonesia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BC6256EA5AB51BBA2199680657154E9F">Maryanto, Ibnu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B87555ECB70E447920ED1628876912A1">Southeast Asian Bat Conservation Research Unit, Lubbock, TX, USA & Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, Bogor, Indonesia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="395CCC38249ECE70D5B2F0172357BEA7">Maharadatunkamsi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BB740AEF997F91A2DC4C984EA1271C28">Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, Bogor, Indonesia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="54FF77791ADDA6224F0AD6CB9823E621">Wiantoro, Sigit</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="02F179BBA21A9356C8402E519B1525B3">Southeast Asian Bat Conservation Research Unit, Lubbock, TX, USA & Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, Bogor, Indonesia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9CF16B51FFAAF4ADF53F73587EC35DAA">Kingston, Tigga</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1BAD6E01E8F6B515F7EE072B05940D8F">Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA & Southeast Asian Bat Conservation Research Unit, Lubbock, TX, USA & Corresponding author: E-mail: tigga. kingston @ ttu. edu</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F0120BC9ED4710DD9E69FBE560879C13" type="email">tigga.kingston@ttu.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="8ED88E26F7B7435788756417542F2436">Acta Chiropterologica</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="1B8D33CCB40E02F15141B6C150383CC9">
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<mods:date id="31AABB6B645EC7C8B3E2EA267D97AA31">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E6EA9251E6266005241C22A46921454C">2014-12-01</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="328868961218DF3B6D882436B2323569">16</mods:number>
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<mods:end id="C9C161A0AE2E1095834AFFC81FBA6A95">449</mods:end>
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<mods:identifier id="996ADC733C989AB3D0EF258DA0C011E4" type="DOI">10.3161/150811014X687369</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="49127DDA426058B3E415236DCCE61324" type="ISSN">1733-5329</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="C11B87BDFFAFBF359A75FC10FEEF7254" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4341933" ID-GBIF-Taxon="165089264" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4341933" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C11B87BDFFAFBF359A75FC10FEEF7254" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C11B87BDFFAFBF359A75FC10FEEF7254" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="426" pageId="13" pageNumber="425">
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<subSection id="203D2F40FFAFBF369A75FC10FAE37278" box="[894,1351,1010,1036]" pageId="13" pageNumber="425" type="multiple">
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||
<subSubSection id="01A86520FFAFBF369A75FC10FAE37278" box="[894,1351,1010,1036]" pageId="13" pageNumber="425" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="490D36ABFFAFBF369A75FC10FAE37278" blockId="13.[894,1351,1010,1070]" box="[894,1351,1010,1036]" pageId="13" pageNumber="425">
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<heading id="124581C7FFAFBF369A75FC10FAE37278" box="[894,1351,1010,1036]" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="425">
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<taxonomicName id="8EB24D28FFAFBF369A75FC10FAE37278" ID-CoL="4Q34B" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[894,1351,1010,1036]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="425" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vampyrus">
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<emphasis id="7BC6EAB9FFAFBF369A75FC10FC437278" box="[894,999,1010,1036]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="425">Pteropus</emphasis>
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?
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<emphasis id="7BC6EAB9FFAFBF369D0FFC10FBD27278" box="[1028,1142,1010,1036]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="425">vampyrus</emphasis>
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(Linnaeus, 1758)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSection>
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<subSubSection id="01A86520FFAFBF369D09FBF6FB67725A" box="[1026,1219,1044,1070]" pageId="13" pageNumber="425" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="490D36ABFFAFBF369D09FBF6FB67725A" blockId="13.[894,1351,1010,1070]" box="[1026,1219,1044,1070]" pageId="13" pageNumber="425">Large flying fox</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="01A86520FFAFBF369A3BFBB5FABB73D6" pageId="13" pageNumber="425" type="distribution">
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||
<paragraph id="490D36ABFFAFBF369A3BFBB5FC607205" blockId="13.[816,1429,1111,1239]" box="[816,964,1111,1137]" pageId="13" pageNumber="425">
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<emphasis id="7BC6EAB9FFAFBF369A3BFBB5FC607205" box="[816,964,1111,1137]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="425">New records</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="490D36ABFFAFBF369A5DFB9BFC5D72A3" blockId="13.[816,1429,1111,1239]" pageId="13" pageNumber="425">
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<collectingRegion id="8B76F849FFAFBF369A5DFB9BFBE672E7" box="[854,1090,1145,1171]" country="Indonesia" name="Lampung" pageId="13" pageNumber="425">Lampung Province</collectingRegion>
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: Lombok Village, Sukaraja Forest, Sukaraja Village, Sumberjaya Village, Sumber Rejo Village.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="490D36ABFFAFBF369A3BFAE3FB05736F" blockId="13.[816,1430,1281,1442]" box="[816,1185,1281,1307]" pageId="13" pageNumber="425">
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<emphasis id="7BC6EAB9FFAFBF369A3BFAE3FB05736F" box="[816,1185,1281,1307]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="425">
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Previous records from
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<collectingRegion id="8B76F849FFAFBF369D35FAE3FB05736F" box="[1086,1185,1281,1307]" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara" pageId="13" pageNumber="425">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="490D36ABFFAFBF369A5DFAC1FABB73D6" blockId="13.[816,1430,1281,1442]" pageId="13" pageNumber="425">
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<collectingRegion id="8B76F849FFAFBF369A5DFAC1FBBC7349" box="[854,1048,1315,1341]" country="Indonesia" name="Jambi" pageId="13" pageNumber="425">Jambi Province</collectingRegion>
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: Muara Bungo;
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<collectingRegion id="8B76F849FFAFBF369DE1FAC1FC39732B" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Barat" pageId="13" pageNumber="425">West Sumatra Province</collectingRegion>
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: Mininjau;
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<collectingRegion id="8B76F849FFAFBF369D2DFAA7FAA9732B" box="[1062,1293,1349,1375]" country="Indonesia" name="Lampung" pageId="13" pageNumber="425">Lampung Province</collectingRegion>
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: Krui, Rata Agung (
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<bibRefCitation id="2D234B5AFFAFBF369AABFA85FAFD73F5" author="Sibuea and Herdimansyah" box="[928,1369,1383,1409]" firstAuthor="Sibuea" pageId="13" pageNumber="425" refId="ref27895" refString="SIBUEA, T. T. H., and D. HERDIMANSYAH. 1993. The variety of mammal species in the agroforest areas of Krui (Lampung), Muara Bungo (Jambi), and Maninjau (West Sumatra). ORSTROM-BIOTROP Report, Bogor, vii + 77 pp." type="book" year="1993">Sibuea and Herdimansyah, 1993</bibRefCitation>
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); as throughout
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<collectingRegion id="8B76F849FFAFBF369AB2FA6AFBBF73D6" box="[953,1051,1416,1442]" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara" pageId="13" pageNumber="425">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="2D234B5AFFAFBF369D43FA6AFABF73D6" author="van Strien" box="[1096,1307,1416,1442]" firstAuthor="van Strien" pageId="13" pageNumber="425" refId="ref28803" refString="VAN STRIEN, N. J. 1996. The checklist mammal fauna of the Gunung Leuser National Park. Pp. 133 - 203, in Leuser: a Sumatran sanctuary (C. P. VAN SCHAIK and J. SUPRIATNA, eds.). Yayasan Bina Sains Hayati Indonesia, Depok, iv + 348 pp." type="book" year="1996">van Strien (1996)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="01A86520FFAFBF359A3BFA2EFEEF7254" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="426" pageId="13" pageNumber="425" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="490D36ABFFAFBF369A3BFA2EFC337392" blockId="13.[816,1429,1484,2019]" box="[816,919,1484,1510]" pageId="13" pageNumber="425">
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<emphasis id="7BC6EAB9FFAFBF369A3BFA2EFC337392" box="[816,919,1484,1510]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="425">Remarks</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="490D36ABFFAFBF359A5DFA0CFE917790" blockId="13.[816,1429,1484,2019]" lastBlockId="14.[159,771,223,1056]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="426" pageId="13" pageNumber="425">
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Although we did not capture any
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<taxonomicName id="8EB24D28FFAFBF369DE1FA0CFAF7707C" box="[1258,1363,1518,1544]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="425" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="7BC6EAB9FFAFBF369DE1FA0CFAF7707C" box="[1258,1363,1518,1544]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="425">Pteropus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, four were observed flying in Lombok Village near sunset in late
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<date id="3D0C106BFFAFBF369A98F9D0FBFA7038" box="[915,1118,1586,1612]" pageId="13" pageNumber="425" value="2011-09">September 2011</date>
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. Twenty-five individuals were also observed in Sukaraja Village flying south toward Sukaraja Forest from the northeast at around 18:00 in mid
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<date id="3D0C106BFFAFBF369ADDF97AFBF970C6" box="[982,1117,1688,1714]" pageId="13" pageNumber="425" value="2012-04">April 2012</date>
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. The bats in the Sukaraja area were possibly from a roost on a small island in ‘Watermelon Bay’ (Teluk Semangka in Indonesian) near the north coast of southern Bukit Barisan Selatan Ridge (J. Yanto, personal communication). Three
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||
<taxonomicName id="8EB24D28FFAFBF369A8AF8A3FC4E712F" box="[897,1002,1857,1883]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="425" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC6EAB9FFAFBF369A8AF8A3FC4E712F" box="[897,1002,1857,1883]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="425">Pteropus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species are currently known from
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<collectingRegion id="8B76F849FFAFBF369A3BF881FC317109" box="[816,917,1891,1917]" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara" pageId="13" pageNumber="425">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
|
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, namely
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<taxonomicName id="8EB24D28FFAFBF369D05F881FB017109" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1038,1189,1891,1917]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="425" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vampyrus">
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<emphasis id="7BC6EAB9FFAFBF369D05F881FB017109" box="[1038,1189,1891,1917]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="425">P. vampyrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(large flying fox),
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<taxonomicName id="8EB24D28FFAFBF369A3BF867FC6C71EB" authorityName="Blyth" authorityYear="1863" box="[816,968,1925,1951]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="425" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanotus">
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<emphasis id="7BC6EAB9FFAFBF369A3BF867FC6C71EB" box="[816,968,1925,1951]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="425">P. melanotus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
(black-eared flying fox), and
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<taxonomicName id="8EB24D28FFAFBF369C38F867FC3671B5" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1853" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="425" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hypomelanus">
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<emphasis id="7BC6EAB9FFAFBF369C38F867FC3671B5" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="425">P. hypomelanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(variable flying fox) (
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<bibRefCitation id="2D234B5AFFAFBF369DCBF845FCCA7197" author="Corbet and Hill" firstAuthor="Corbet" pageId="13" pageNumber="425" refId="ref25099" refString="CORBET, G. B., and J. E. HILL. 1992. The mammals of the Indomalayan Region: a systematic review. Natural History Museum Publications, Oxford, 488 pp." type="book" year="1992">Corbet and Hill, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
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<bibRefCitation id="2D234B5AFFAFBF369A8FF82BFBEF7197" author="Simmons" box="[900,1099,1993,2019]" firstAuthor="Simmons" pageId="13" pageNumber="425" refId="ref27949" refString="SIMMONS, N. B. 2005. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 312 - 529, in Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference, 3 rd edition (D. E. WILSON and D. M. REEDER, eds.). The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, xxxv + 2142 pp." type="book" year="2005">Simmons, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
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).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EB24D28FFAFBF369D6CF82BFAFE7197" authorityName="Blyth" authorityYear="1863" box="[1127,1370,1993,2019]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="425" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanotus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC6EAB9FFAFBF369D6CF82BFAFE7197" box="[1127,1370,1993,2019]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="425">Pteropus melanotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EB24D28FFACBF359994FF3DFEF2768D" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1853" box="[159,342,223,249]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="426" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hypomelanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC6EAB9FFACBF359994FF3DFEF2768D" box="[159,342,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="426">P. hypomelanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are only known from a few offshore islands in northern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8B76F849FFACBF359881FEE2FE48776E" box="[394,492,256,282]" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara" pageId="14" pageNumber="426">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D234B5AFFACBF3598F4FEE2FD1B776E" author="Simmons" box="[511,703,256,282]" firstAuthor="Simmons" pageId="14" pageNumber="426" refId="ref27949" refString="SIMMONS, N. B. 2005. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 312 - 529, in Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference, 3 rd edition (D. E. WILSON and D. M. REEDER, eds.). The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, xxxv + 2142 pp." type="book" year="2005">Simmons, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D234B5AFFACBF359BC4FEE2FEFF7748" author="Boitani" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Boitani" pageId="14" pageNumber="426" refId="ref24868" refString="BOITANI, L., I. CATULLO, M. MARZETTI, M. MASI, M. RULLI, and S. SAVINI. 2006. The Southeast Asian mammal databank. A tool for conservation and monitoring of mammal diversity in Southeast Asia. Instituto di Ecologia Applicata, Rome. Available at www. ieaitaly. org / samd /." type="book" year="2006">
|
||
Boitani
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC6EAB9FFACBF3599D9FEC0FEA97748" box="[210,269,290,316]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="426">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EB24D28FFACBF359896FEC0FD887748" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[413,556,290,316]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="426" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vampyrus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC6EAB9FFACBF359896FEC0FD887748" box="[413,556,290,316]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="426">P. vampyrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been reported throughout the island (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D234B5AFFACBF3598BBFEA6FDD8772A" author="van Strien" box="[432,636,324,350]" firstAuthor="van Strien" pageId="14" pageNumber="426" refId="ref28803" refString="VAN STRIEN, N. J. 1996. The checklist mammal fauna of the Gunung Leuser National Park. Pp. 133 - 203, in Leuser: a Sumatran sanctuary (C. P. VAN SCHAIK and J. SUPRIATNA, eds.). Yayasan Bina Sains Hayati Indonesia, Depok, iv + 348 pp." type="book" year="1996">van Strien, 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), including BBSL (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D234B5AFFACBF3599F2FE87FD25770B" author="Sibuea and Herdimansyah" box="[249,641,357,383]" firstAuthor="Sibuea" pageId="14" pageNumber="426" refId="ref27895" refString="SIBUEA, T. T. H., and D. HERDIMANSYAH. 1993. The variety of mammal species in the agroforest areas of Krui (Lampung), Muara Bungo (Jambi), and Maninjau (West Sumatra). ORSTROM-BIOTROP Report, Bogor, vii + 77 pp." type="book" year="1993">Sibuea and Herdimansyah, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and nearby areas (this study, see below). Hence, we tentatively assign all observations of flying foxes to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EB24D28FFACBF359994FE28FE8A7790" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[159,302,458,484]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="426" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vampyrus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC6EAB9FFACBF359994FE28FE8A7790" box="[159,302,458,484]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="426">P. vampyrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="490D36ABFFACBF3599CEFE0EFEEF7254" blockId="14.[159,771,223,1056]" pageId="14" pageNumber="426">
|
||
Farmers throughout the study area reported in interviews that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EB24D28FFACBF35984DFDECFE7D745C" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[326,473,526,552]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="426" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vampyrus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC6EAB9FFACBF35984DFDECFE7D745C" box="[326,473,526,552]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="426">P. vampyrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gather in coffee plantations to roost and forage during the fruiting season. In the coastal area near Sumber Rejo-Way Canguk area, local people used kites with hooks on tethers to hunt commuting
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EB24D28FFACBF359860FD76FE5874DA" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[363,508,660,686]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="426" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vampyrus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC6EAB9FFACBF359860FD76FE5874DA" box="[363,508,660,686]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="426">P. vampyrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Villagers gathered at dusk and raised kites into the commuting route of bats until sunset. One to two black plastic bags were tied to the tethers to simulate flying bats and decrease the bats’ awareness of the kites (JCCH, personal observation). Based on interviews with villagers, one to ten flying foxes were captured by the whole village each night in 2010; 30 years ago the average capture rate was as many as five bats per person per night.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EB24D28FFACBF359866FC21FE5875A9" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[365,508,963,989]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="426" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vampyrus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC6EAB9FFACBF359866FC21FE5875A9" box="[365,508,963,989]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="426">P. vampyrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were sold (2–20 USD per bat) as medicine for asthma at local markets near the study area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |