385 lines
50 KiB
XML
385 lines
50 KiB
XML
<document id="6108D2DCFE6C797106AAD448134779AA" ID-CLB-Dataset="8791" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4822.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2bbc92ef-c6a7-4e7a-8da8-5f542394fda1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4450519" ID-ZooBank="668A9E94-DB24-4AD0-B5D7-1A5D3273FC9F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1609333239343" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lobato-Vila, Irene, Equihua-Martínez, Armando, Estrada-Venegas, Edith G., Cibrián-Tovar, David, Barrera-Ruíz, Uriel M. & Pujade-Villar, Juli" docDate="2020" docId="73607468FFB5FF93FF04AC4DFD07FAEB" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4822.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4822 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Synergus laeviventris Osten-Sacken 1865" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="21" masterDocId="8F590C10FFA7FF87FF93A815FF8FFF92" masterDocTitle="Synergus Hartig species group (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) with partially smooth mesopleurae from the New World" masterLastPageNumber="38" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1698849582065" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
|
||
<mods:mods id="94CB2C804D795E41100B0ECEA9FA94C1" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="60D371635037E912873141FB18913754">
|
||
<mods:title id="DA7D2BE2E4466D000D7A380FF7CA5803">Synergus Hartig species group (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) with partially smooth mesopleurae from the New World</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="35B78AA2D01621C3C28E1ADD8411957E" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="6CAF52C16594D52F2DF903604F8D0B13">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="31A1698281221F7F09961D3585FBEFAB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="E6FE9CE5033BE2C3E3BDBBA92C5CBAA2">Lobato-Vila, Irene</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D98B00FA9455D5F8C35F10294BA4C638" type="ORCID">0000-0001-5965-9975</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="1F2E6DE21BDC9C9E536B8C4BE2EFEB7C">Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Biologia, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Avda. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="4C8268CDD46D73EB9E3D5BC4D2E85FEC" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="AA6D0878508FCED80CECCCF2B16F313B">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="B45A33DC14A952AD31AFF0E099A117F5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="6EC0F026A3E885D3DFB835D799D4FDE7">Equihua-Martínez, Armando</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="9520512AFF532B01363E41F6562C8182" type="ORCID">0000-0003-4392-3924</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="B5AE05D79F4CB3158F8CDD5CD3D6F3B0">Instituto de Fitosanidad, Colegio de Postgraduados, 56230 Montecillo, Texcoco, Estado de México, México & equihuaa @ colpos. mx; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4392 - 3924</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1037687AE123682FB8544DD3260EC9CA" type="email">equihuaa@colpos.mx</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="751670B6BB9BF4DD6E9D2018E37C419B" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="702DE3994E6FB263EB06FD2ADF9D01AA">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="C343A4278A34B984223BD438A12DD43C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="92421544BF3A09497FD0541573CE37B9">Estrada-Venegas, Edith G.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="AB2713E15B4037A316E66954C06B6371" type="ORCID">0000-0003-1347-6369</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="02A72EBB7F0E07F9A84638708D0A8BE7">Instituto de Fitosanidad, Colegio de Postgraduados, 56230 Montecillo, Texcoco, Estado de México, México & estradae @ colpos. mx; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1347 - 6369</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D5D867325E60F3F468DCD59AA20FA621" type="email">estradae@colpos.mx</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="E06BF4EE8DAB2B1726BCCE1DD81DA5A0" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="BE363C5F7AA2CDFE461871667F233502">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="DE2466544D8E324712DBAA2BA4393570">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="63CCCD2D5AD5CC870EC2223A3952E55D">Cibrián-Tovar, David</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F442C2691D4CF5D737325DE3C7086B2E" type="ORCID">0000-0001-6788-0178</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="B1E005926B2822C3B91C761C5DE0A4DB">División de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Km 38.5 Carretera México-Texcoco, Chapingo, Estado de México, México & dcibrian 48 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6788 - 0178</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="9A1FA3C938B849BB2CB51AB5F1DC89A6" type="email">dcibrian48@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="0FBBDD7BC523274C3DD7905528441F58" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="9ABD1DF07EEBC6BE9936700AE4E800D0">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="CF2206CA46EE35DC11E7089A914EB7B1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="DA3D0FA5FA15930435C863FE2D92B782">Barrera-Ruíz, Uriel M.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="6E07406852F8B4CBF2C51D92B7E19C9D" type="ORCID">0000-0002-2451-807X</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="A1041B00462782C6822167F95CDB6DAA">División de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Km 38.5 Carretera México-Texcoco, Chapingo, Estado de México, México & umbr 757 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2451 - 807 X</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E067DF86F4DFB7528A26DBC13046028D" type="email">umbr757@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="419AF41B334E2A5D49ECEA30E2D9600C" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="57645FF568C0F596AE2519E0070ECB85">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="2E3AF7614149BA84610B8506FC419683">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="3A8E0CB541CE136842E76B8B84882605">Pujade-Villar, Juli</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D3153887D085BFE73BD20D535F0D85C8" type="ORCID">0000-0001-7798-2717</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="48601192AD3F6EE002A66B5CFDD3EBEC">Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Biologia, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Avda. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain & jpujade @ ub. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7798 - 2717</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="CA497B24261F1EF6483500919331EDBA" type="email">jpujade@ub.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="12F686FA8E92EFA6B143FD6D4074CA69">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="3E93C5F09FAAE4F52CE713E924621D2C" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="4DF048E47226900D80376B3165967BE4">
|
||
<mods:title id="91A881A6B3D5C7595371E52819F80437">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="A28BA9EC932198EEA80879C019C59CF7">
|
||
<mods:date id="9B50548B9CDB6A60623D0E9661DCBE0F">2020</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="FEF4538571B2C9437C2FDB79A654E564" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="162A2B95C9D1C7F78B901EAD1B907B5E">2020-08-04</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="95C8E459B6A3E28D7E659E194948CE0E" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="0F28223D73BC4FD9D67C34BFF049F61D">4822</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="02C91DC7614252FA367B7621A8DCECFC" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="6CC339EDF38999FCC6C74372E51BD7FE">1</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="49CAB1887C97F64FD39008B46F9B905D" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="E2DC121BB5CEC43B08C43A2D543DBC49">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="A4CD0077D8F72695DBC894CA5E086189">38</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="E85611FDE962D448061F965EFA5CB649">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="56555B7C86E3958E6F739CD15EE31917" type="CLB-Dataset">8791</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="8361B4EE45CDB6DE889F1DAD450A853C" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4822.1.1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="F4EB979D1045A7EBE4A871AA6AF78CE3" type="GBIF-Dataset">2bbc92ef-c6a7-4e7a-8da8-5f542394fda1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="017DEA688687B53ECFD9C20E4F34DEBF" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="E4DD0632ACF44B46C055C0154988A127" type="Zenodo-Dep">4450519</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="F02ABAB4780A79E7BEE1F0B738BC78CB" type="ZooBank">668A9E94-DB24-4AD0-B5D7-1A5D3273FC9F</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="73607468FFB5FF93FF04AC4DFD07FAEB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450553" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177009707" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4450553" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:73607468FFB5FF93FF04AC4DFD07FAEB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/73607468FFB5FF93FF04AC4DFD07FAEB" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<subSubSection id="B3D396F5FFB5FF95FF04AC4DFD25FBE0" box="[151,682,1112,1139]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="FB76C57EFFB5FF95FF04AC4DFD25FBE0" blockId="18.[151,682,1112,1175]" box="[151,682,1112,1139]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<heading id="A03E7212FFB5FF95FF04AC4DFD25FBE0" bold="true" box="[151,682,1112,1139]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CC9BEFDFFB5FF95FF04AC4DFD25FBE0" authority="(Osten-Sacken, 1861)" authorityName="Osten-Sacken" authorityYear="1865" baseAuthorityName="Osten-Sacken" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[151,682,1112,1139]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laeviventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFB5FF95FF04AC4DFD25FBE0" bold="true" box="[151,682,1112,1139]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFB5FF95FF04AC4DFE15FBE1" bold="true" box="[151,410,1112,1139]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Synergus laeviventris</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F58B88FFFB5FF95FE3AAC4DFD2DFBE0" author="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von" box="[425,674,1112,1138]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="47 - 72" refId="ref35632" refString="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von (1861) On the Cynipidae of the North American oaks and their galls. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 1 (3), 47 - 72." type="journal article" year="1861">Osten-Sacken, 1861</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B3D396F5FFB5FF95FF04AC69FBF5FB4B" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="FB76C57EFFB5FF95FF04AC69FEBDFB05" blockId="18.[151,682,1112,1175]" box="[151,306,1148,1175]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="63F2D9FBFFB5FF95FF0CAC69FF70FB05" box="[159,255,1148,1175]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1972,1996]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,453,1949]" captionTargetId="figure-146@19.[157,1430,453,1949]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Synergus campanula: a) lateral habitus; b) dorsal view. Synergus confertus: c) lateral habitus; d) dorsal view. Synergus flavens: e) lateral habitus; f) dorsal view. Synergus laeviventris: g) lateral habitus; h) dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4450529/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
g–h)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB76C57EFFB5FF95FF04ACD4FBF5FB4B" blockId="18.[151,1146,1217,1272]" box="[151,1146,1217,1241]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CC9BEFDFFB5FF95FF04ACD4FDDDFB4B" authority="Osten Sacken, 1861" authorityName="Osten Sacken" authorityYear="1861" box="[151,594,1217,1241]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synophrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laeviventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFB5FF95FF04ACD4FEF1FB4B" box="[151,382,1217,1241]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Synophrus laeviventris</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="4BA1CF23FFB5FF95FE16ACD4FDDDFB4B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3019622334" box="[389,594,1217,1241]" collectionCode="MCZ" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="1">Osten Sacken, 1861</materialsCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Phil. 1: 57.
|
||
<typeStatus id="24727BDCFFB5FF95FC31ACD4FC5BFB4B" box="[930,980,1217,1241]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material: MCZ.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B3D396F5FFB5FF95FF04ACF5FC20FB65" box="[151,943,1247,1272]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="FB76C57EFFB5FF95FF04ACF5FC20FB65" blockId="18.[151,1146,1217,1272]" box="[151,943,1247,1272]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CC9BEFDFFB5FF95FF04ACF5FDD8FB65" authority=": Osten-Sacken (1865)" authorityName=": Osten-Sacken" authorityYear="1865" box="[151,599,1247,1272]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laeviventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFB5FF95FF04ACF5FEE0FB6A" box="[151,367,1248,1272]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Synergus laeviventris</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F58B88FFFB5FF95FEEEACF5FDD8FB65" author="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von" box="[381,599,1247,1272]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="331 - 380" refId="ref35671" refString="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von. (1865) Contributions to the natural history of the Cynipidae of the United States and of their galls. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 4 (3), 331 - 380." type="journal article" year="1865">Osten-Sacken (1865)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Phil. 4: 375.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B3D396F5FFB5FF95FF04AD33FD5EFA43" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="FB76C57EFFB5FF95FF04AD33FD5EFA43" blockId="18.[151,1437,1317,2028]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFB5FF95FF04AD33FE5BFAAD" bold="true" box="[151,468,1317,1344]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Type material (examined).</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="24727BDCFFB5FF95FE4EAD33FDFEFAD2" box="[477,625,1318,1344]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount id="EDCF0EF7FFB5FF95FDEAAD33FD01FAD2" box="[633,654,1318,1344]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
with the following labels: ‘Gall of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CC9BEFDFFB5FF95FBB0AD33FB3EFAD2" box="[1059,1201,1318,1344]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Amphibolips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confluens">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFB5FF95FBB0AD33FB3EFAD2" box="[1059,1201,1318,1344]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C. confluens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Harris’ (white label, handwritten) / ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CC9BEFDFFB5FF95FEDBAD5FFE67FAF6" authorityName=": Osten-Sacken" authorityYear="1865" box="[328,488,1354,1380]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laeviventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFB5FF95FEDBAD5FFE67FAF6" box="[328,488,1354,1380]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">S. laeviventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
O.S.’ (white label, handwritten) / ‘Osten Sacken Coll.’ (white label) / ‘Type 13972’ (red label) / ‘
|
||
<collectionCode id="9DD85DBBFFB5FF95FEB9AD7BFEE3FA1A" box="[298,364,1390,1416]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">MCZ</collectionCode>
|
||
Image Database’ (white label) / ‘
|
||
<collectionCode id="9DD85DBBFFB5FF95FD75AD7BFCE8FA1A" box="[742,871,1390,1416]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">MCZ-ENT</collectionCode>
|
||
00013972’ (white label, QR code) / ‘
|
||
<typeStatus id="24727BDCFFB5FF95FA82AD7BFAF1FA1A" box="[1297,1406,1390,1416]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount id="EDCF0EF7FFB5FF95FA14AD7BFA13FA1A" box="[1415,1436,1390,1416]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CC9BEFDFFB5FF95FF04AD87FD0AFA3E" authority="Osten-Sacken, 1861" authorityName="Osten-Sacken" authorityYear="1861" box="[151,645,1426,1452]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synophrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laeviventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFB5FF95FF04AD87FE16FA3E" box="[151,409,1426,1452]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Synophrus laeviventris</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F58B88FFFB5FF95FE32AD87FD0AFA3E" author="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von" box="[417,645,1426,1452]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="47 - 72" refId="ref35632" refString="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von (1861) On the Cynipidae of the North American oaks and their galls. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 1 (3), 47 - 72." type="journal article" year="1861">Osten-Sacken, 1861</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, IL-V desig-2019’ (red label) / ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CC9BEFDFFB5FF95FC66AD87FEF3FA43" authority="(Osten-Sacken) Osten-Sacken, 1865" authorityName="Osten-Sacken" authorityYear="1865" baseAuthorityName="Osten-Sacken" baseAuthorityYear="1861" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laeviventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFB5FF95FC66AD87FB69FA3E" box="[1013,1254,1426,1452]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Synergus laeviventris</emphasis>
|
||
(Osten-Sacken)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F58B88FFFB5FF95FF04ADA3FEF3FA43" author="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von" box="[151,380,1462,1489]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="331 - 380" refId="ref35671" refString="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von. (1865) Contributions to the natural history of the Cynipidae of the United States and of their galls. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 4 (3), 331 - 380." type="journal article" year="1865">Osten-Sacken, 1865</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, IL-V det. 2019’ (white label).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B3D396F5FFB5FF95FF54ADCCFB50F95F" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="FB76C57EFFB5FF95FF54ADCCFB50F95F" blockId="18.[151,1437,1317,2028]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFB5FF95FF54ADCCFEB5FA61" bold="true" box="[199,314,1497,1523]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CC9BEFDFFB5FF95FED9ADCFFDB3FA66" authorityName="Osten-Sacken" authorityYear="1865" baseAuthorityName="Osten-Sacken" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[330,572,1498,1524]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laeviventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFB5FF95FED9ADCFFDB3FA66" box="[330,572,1498,1524]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Synergus laeviventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is morphologically close to
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFB5FF95FC17ADCFFB10FA66" box="[900,1183,1498,1524]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CC9BEFDFFB5FF95FC17ADCFFC71FA66" authorityName="Pujade-Villar & Lobato-Vila" authorityYear="2017" box="[900,1022,1498,1524]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cibriani">S. cibriani</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CC9BEFDFFB5FF95FB98ADCFFB10FA66" authorityName=": Weld" authorityYear="1922" box="[1035,1183,1498,1524]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="citriformis">S. citriformis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(see above),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CC9BEFDFFB5FF95FAA8ADCFFDF4F98A" authority="Pujade-Villar & Lobato-Vila, 2017" authorityName="Pujade-Villar & Lobato-Vila" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longimalaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFB5FF95FAA8ADCFFF62F98A" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">S. longimalaris</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F58B88FFFB5FF95FF67ADEBFDF4F98A" author="Lobato-Vila, I. & Pujade-Villar, J." box="[244,635,1534,1560]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref34836" refString="Lobato-Vila, I. & Pujade-Villar, J. (2017) Description of five new species of inquiline oak gall wasps of the genus Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae: Synergini) with partially smooth mesopleurae from Mexico. Zoological Studies, 56 (36), 1 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.6620 / ZS. 2017.56 - 36" type="journal article" year="2017">Pujade-Villar & Lobato-Vila, 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CC9BEFDFFB5FF95FD22ADEBFB6EF98A" authority="Pujade-Villar & Lobato-Vila, 2017" authorityName="Pujade-Villar & Lobato-Vila" authorityYear="2017" box="[689,1249,1534,1560]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiscapus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFB5FF95FD22ADEBFCDBF98A" box="[689,852,1534,1560]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">S. longiscapus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F58B88FFFB5FF95FCC9ADEBFB6EF98A" author="Lobato-Vila, I. & Pujade-Villar, J." box="[858,1249,1534,1560]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref34836" refString="Lobato-Vila, I. & Pujade-Villar, J. (2017) Description of five new species of inquiline oak gall wasps of the genus Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae: Synergini) with partially smooth mesopleurae from Mexico. Zoological Studies, 56 (36), 1 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.6620 / ZS. 2017.56 - 36" type="journal article" year="2017">Pujade-Villar & Lobato-Vila, 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see below), but differs from them mainly by having the mesoscutum with weak, discontinuous transversal elements (without transversal elements in the above-mentioned species); the notauli complete (incomplete in the above-mentioned species); the scutellar foveae small, circular, shallow, separated by a wide septum (shallowly impressed and almost inconspicuous or absent in the above-mentioned species); and the metasoma without punctures (with a few punctures in the above-mentioned species) (see the descriptions of all these species and the identification key).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B3D396F5FFB5FF93FF54AEC0FE10FCAB" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="FB76C57EFFB5FF95FF54AEC0FC2AF962" blockId="18.[151,1437,1317,2028]" box="[199,933,1749,1776]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFB5FF95FF54AEC0FDD8F962" bold="true" box="[199,599,1749,1776]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Redescription. FEMALE. Length</emphasis>
|
||
. Body length
|
||
<quantity id="3C31689BFFB5FF95FD65AEC3FCC3F962" box="[758,844,1750,1776]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n = 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB76C57EFFB5FF95FF54AEECFC39F8AA" blockId="18.[151,1437,1317,2028]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFB5FF95FF54AEECFE84F881" bold="true" box="[199,267,1785,1811]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Color</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="63F2D9FBFFB5FF95FE89AEEFFED1F887" box="[282,350,1786,1813]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1972,1996]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,453,1949]" captionTargetId="figure-146@19.[157,1430,453,1949]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Synergus campanula: a) lateral habitus; b) dorsal view. Synergus confertus: c) lateral habitus; d) dorsal view. Synergus flavens: e) lateral habitus; f) dorsal view. Synergus laeviventris: g) lateral habitus; h) dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4450529/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
g–h). Brown. Head, mesosoma and metasoma brown; tegulae yellow. Antennae and legs, yellow; metacoxae somewhat darker basally. Wings hyaline, veins light yellow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB76C57EFFB5FF94FF54AF57FE83FE8F" blockId="18.[151,1437,1317,2028]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1437,151,429]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFB5FF95FF54AF57FE88F8CE" bold="true" box="[199,263,1858,1884]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Head</emphasis>
|
||
. In frontal view, about 1.1 times as wide as high, genae just slightly expanded behind compound eyes. Face faintly pubescent, lower face with striae radiating from clypeus. Clypeus indistinct, ventral margin slightly projected over mandibles. Malar space about 0.6 times as long as height of compound eye. Anterior tentorial pits visible; pleurostomal and epistomal sulcus absent. Transfacial line slightly longer than height of compound eye. Toruli situated slightly under mid-height of compound eye; distance between torulus and compound eye about as long as diameter of torulus; distance between toruli slightly shorter than diameter of toruli. Frons coriaceous, without punctures; frontal carinae absent. Head in dorsal view about 2.0 times as wide as long. Vertex coriaceous, without punctures. POL: OOL: LOL = 12: 7.5: 5.5 and diameter of lateral ocelli, 3.5. Occiput coriaceous, without punctures.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB76C57EFFB4FF94FF54A933FA95FE3F" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,429]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFB4FF94FF54A933FEB5FED2" bold="true" box="[199,314,294,320]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Antennae</emphasis>
|
||
. 14-segmented, according to the original description (antennae of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="24727BDCFFB4FF94FBC2A932FB0EFED3" box="[1105,1153,295,321]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">type</typeStatus>
|
||
are broken,
|
||
<figureCitation id="63F2D9FBFFB4FF94FA9DA932FAEEFED3" box="[1294,1377,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1972,1996]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,453,1949]" captionTargetId="figure-146@19.[157,1430,453,1949]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Synergus campanula: a) lateral habitus; b) dorsal view. Synergus confertus: c) lateral habitus; d) dorsal view. Synergus flavens: e) lateral habitus; f) dorsal view. Synergus laeviventris: g) lateral habitus; h) dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4450529/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="3C31689BFFB4FF94FAD1A932FAEEFED3" box="[1346,1377,295,321]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="4.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="g" value="4.0">4g</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
); pubescence dense and short. Scape plus pedicel about 1.4 times as long as F1; pedicel 2.0 times as long as wide; F1 about 1.4 times as long as F2, F2 slightly longer than F3, the following segments progressively shorter. Last flagellar segment is somewhat less than 1/5 the length of the preceding, according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F58B88FFFB4FF94FC7EA986FA99FE3F" author="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von" box="[1005,1302,402,429]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="331 - 380" refId="ref35671" refString="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von. (1865) Contributions to the natural history of the Cynipidae of the United States and of their galls. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 4 (3), 331 - 380." type="journal article" year="1865">Osten-Sacken (1865: 375)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="AFB695F6FFB4FF94FF04AFA1FB23F862" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450529" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4450529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4450529/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" startId="19.[151,250,1972,1996]" targetBox="[157,1430,453,1949]" targetPageId="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="FB76C57EFFB4FF94FF04AFA1FB23F862" blockId="19.[151,1436,1972,2033]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFB4FF94FF04AFA1FE9CF85E" bold="true" box="[151,275,1972,1996]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CC9BEFDFFB4FF94FE89AFA0FE62F85E" authorityName="Osten-Sacken" authorityYear="1865" box="[282,493,1972,1996]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="campanula">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFB4FF94FE89AFA0FE62F85E" box="[282,493,1972,1996]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Synergus campanula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: a) lateral habitus; b) dorsal view.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CC9BEFDFFB4FF94FCDDAFA0FB81F85F" authorityName="McCracken & Egbert" authorityYear="1922" box="[846,1038,1973,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confertus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFB4FF94FCDDAFA0FB81F85F" box="[846,1038,1973,1997]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Synergus confertus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: c) lateral habitus; d) dorsal view.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CC9BEFDFFB4FF94FAFCAFA0FE92F862" authorityName="McCracken & Egbert" authorityYear="1922" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavens">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFB4FF94FAFCAFA0FE92F862" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Synergus flavens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: e) lateral habitus; f) dorsal view.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CC9BEFDFFB4FF94FDEBAFCCFCDFF862" authorityName="Osten-Sacken" authorityYear="1865" baseAuthorityName="Osten-Sacken" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[632,848,2008,2032]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laeviventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFB4FF94FDEBAFCCFCDFF862" box="[632,848,2008,2032]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Synergus laeviventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: g) lateral habitus; h) dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB76C57EFFB3FF93FF54A882FA0AFE67" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1401]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFB3FF93FF54A882FECAFF23" bold="true" box="[199,325,151,177]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Mesosoma</emphasis>
|
||
. About 1.2 times as long as high in lateral view, including nucha, with short and not dense pubescence (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63F2D9FBFFB3FF93FF7BA8AEFEB1FF47" box="[232,318,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1972,1996]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,453,1949]" captionTargetId="figure-146@19.[157,1430,453,1949]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Synergus campanula: a) lateral habitus; b) dorsal view. Synergus confertus: c) lateral habitus; d) dorsal view. Synergus flavens: e) lateral habitus; f) dorsal view. Synergus laeviventris: g) lateral habitus; h) dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4450529/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="3C31689BFFB3FF93FE8CA8AEFEB1FF47" box="[287,318,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="4.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="g" value="4.0">4g</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ratio of length of pronotum medially/laterally: 0.28. Pronotal plate indistinct. Lateral pronotum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63F2D9FBFFB3FF93FF33A8CAFF7DFF6B" box="[160,242,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1972,1996]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,453,1949]" captionTargetId="figure-146@19.[157,1430,453,1949]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Synergus campanula: a) lateral habitus; b) dorsal view. Synergus confertus: c) lateral habitus; d) dorsal view. Synergus flavens: e) lateral habitus; f) dorsal view. Synergus laeviventris: g) lateral habitus; h) dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4450529/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="3C31689BFFB3FF93FF46A8CAFF7DFF6B" box="[213,242,223,249]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="4.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="g" value="4.0">4g</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) finely coriaceous; lateral margins of pronotum rounded, without lateral carina. Mesoscutum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63F2D9FBFFB3FF93FAB1A8CAFAFAFF68" box="[1314,1397,223,250]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1972,1996]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,453,1949]" captionTargetId="figure-146@19.[157,1430,453,1949]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Synergus campanula: a) lateral habitus; b) dorsal view. Synergus confertus: c) lateral habitus; d) dorsal view. Synergus flavens: e) lateral habitus; f) dorsal view. Synergus laeviventris: g) lateral habitus; h) dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4450529/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 4h</figureCitation>
|
||
) as wide as long, alutaceous to finely coriaceous, with some weak, discontinuous transversal elements; anterior grooves inconspicuous. Notauli complete and narrow. Median groove absent. Parapsidal grooves very narrow, almost inconspicuous. Scutellum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63F2D9FBFFB3FF93FE16A95EFE5AFEF4" box="[389,469,331,358]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1972,1996]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,453,1949]" captionTargetId="figure-146@19.[157,1430,453,1949]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Synergus campanula: a) lateral habitus; b) dorsal view. Synergus confertus: c) lateral habitus; d) dorsal view. Synergus flavens: e) lateral habitus; f) dorsal view. Synergus laeviventris: g) lateral habitus; h) dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4450529/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 4h</figureCitation>
|
||
) about 1.5 times as long as wide, finely coriaceous to alutaceous; circumscutellar carina well-defined, somewhat upturned and projected; scutellar foveae small, circular and very shallow, not well defined posteriorly and separated by a wide septum. Mesopleurae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63F2D9FBFFB3FF93FCA9A986FC01FE3F" box="[826,910,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1972,1996]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,453,1949]" captionTargetId="figure-146@19.[157,1430,453,1949]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Synergus campanula: a) lateral habitus; b) dorsal view. Synergus confertus: c) lateral habitus; d) dorsal view. Synergus flavens: e) lateral habitus; f) dorsal view. Synergus laeviventris: g) lateral habitus; h) dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4450529/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="3C31689BFFB3FF93FCE2A986FC01FE3F" box="[881,910,403,429]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="4.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="g" value="4.0">4g</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) finely striate medially and basally, speculum smooth; little pubescent basally. Metapleural sulcus reaching 3/4 of mesopleural height. Propodeum pubescent and weakly sculptured, almost smooth; propodeal carinae straight and parallel. Nucha sulcated dorsally and laterally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB76C57EFFB3FF93FF54A9EAFDE3FD8B" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1401]" box="[199,620,511,537]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFB3FF93FF54A9EAFF70FD8B" bold="true" box="[199,255,511,537]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
. Tarsal claws with a basal tooth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB76C57EFFB3FF93FF54AA37FDB5FD17" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1401]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFB3FF93FF54AA37FE9CFDAE" bold="true" box="[199,275,546,572]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Wings</emphasis>
|
||
. Fore wings pubescent with short marginal setae, slightly longer than mesosoma plus metasoma. Radial cell closed and 2.4 times as long as wide; areolet inconspicuous. Rs+M inconspicuous, not reaching the basal vein. Basal cell with sparsely spaced setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB76C57EFFB3FF93FF54AA9AFDCDFC87" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1401]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFB3FF93FF54AA9AFECCFD3B" bold="true" box="[199,323,655,681]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Metasoma</emphasis>
|
||
. About as long as head plus mesosoma, about 1.5 times as long as high in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63F2D9FBFFB3FF93FA97AA9AFAD9FD3B" box="[1284,1366,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1972,1996]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,453,1949]" captionTargetId="figure-146@19.[157,1430,453,1949]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Synergus campanula: a) lateral habitus; b) dorsal view. Synergus confertus: c) lateral habitus; d) dorsal view. Synergus flavens: e) lateral habitus; f) dorsal view. Synergus laeviventris: g) lateral habitus; h) dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4450529/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="3C31689BFFB3FF93FAA4AA9AFAD9FD3B" box="[1335,1366,655,681]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="4.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="g" value="4.0">4g</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). First metasomal segment sulcated dorsally and laterally. Syntergite smooth, anterolateral pubescence composed of a few setae and without punctures; not dorsodistally incised, pointed. Hypopygial spine about as long as wide and with a few lateral setae; without apical setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB76C57EFFB3FF93FF54AB0BFE10FCAB" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1401]" box="[199,415,798,825]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFB3FF93FF54AB0BFEADFCAA" bold="true" box="[199,290,798,824]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">MALE.</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B3D396F5FFB3FF93FF54AB57FD37FC10" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="FB76C57EFFB3FF93FF54AB57FD37FC10" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1401]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFB3FF93FF54AB57FED6FCCE" bold="true" box="[199,345,834,860]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="83DE85EEFFB3FF93FEFAAB56FE2AFCCF" box="[361,421,835,861]" name="United States of America" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
. State of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="390D0B9CFFB3FF93FD83AB56FD5BFCCF" box="[528,724,835,861]" country="United States of America" name="District of Columbia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Washington D.C.</collectingRegion>
|
||
, according to the original description and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F58B88FFFB3FF93FB25AB56FAC0FCCF" author="Burks, B. D." box="[1206,1359,835,861]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref34249" refString="Burks, B. D. (1979) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D., Smith, D. R. & Burks, B. D. (Eds.), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico. Vol. 1. Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D. C., pp. 1045 - 1107." type="book" year="1979">Burks (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="390D0B9CFFB3FF93FACFAB56FF46FC13" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="390D0B9CFFB3FF93FF6CAB72FEE2FC13" box="[255,365,871,897]" country="United States of America" name="Michigan" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Michigan</collectingRegion>
|
||
, according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F58B88FFFB3FF93FD98AB72FD3CFC10" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[523,691,871,898]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="85 - 100" refId="ref34619" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1896) A monograph of the genus Synergus. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 23, 85 - 100." type="journal article" year="1896">Gillette (1896)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B3D396F5FFB3FF93FF54AB9FFCA0FBCB" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="FB76C57EFFB3FF93FF54AB9FFCA0FBCB" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1401]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFB3FF93FF54AB9FFEAEFC36" bold="true" box="[199,289,906,932]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Biology</emphasis>
|
||
. Originally reared from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CC9BEFDFFB3FF93FDA0AB9EFC6CFC37" authority="(Harris, 1841)" baseAuthorityName="Harris" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[563,995,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Amphibolips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confluenta">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFB3FF93FDA0AB9EFCB1FC37" box="[563,830,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Amphibolips confluenta</emphasis>
|
||
(Harris, 1841)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CC9BEFDFFB3FF93FB9EAB9EFB3DFC37" box="[1037,1202,907,933]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubra">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFB3FF93FB9EAB9EFB3DFC37" box="[1037,1202,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Quercus rubra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFB3FF93FB72AB9EFAB2FC37" box="[1249,1341,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Lobatae</emphasis>
|
||
section) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F58B88FFFB3FF93FF0CABBAFE0CFC58" author="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von" box="[159,387,943,970]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="47 - 72" refId="ref35632" refString="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von (1861) On the Cynipidae of the North American oaks and their galls. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 1 (3), 47 - 72." type="journal article" year="1861">Osten-Sacken 1861</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Some years later,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F58B88FFFB3FF93FDFDABBAFCD0FC5B" author="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von" box="[622,863,942,969]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="331 - 380" refId="ref35671" refString="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von. (1865) Contributions to the natural history of the Cynipidae of the United States and of their galls. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 4 (3), 331 - 380." type="journal article" year="1865">Osten-Sacken (1865)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reared four more females from the galls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CC9BEFDFFB3FF93FAFDABBAFD44FC7C" authority="(Osten Sacken, 1862)" baseAuthorityName="Osten Sacken" baseAuthorityYear="1862" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Amphibolips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercusspongifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFB3FF93FAFDABBAFE5DFC7F" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Amphibolips quercusspongifica</emphasis>
|
||
(Osten Sacken, 1862)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CC9BEFDFFB3FF93FC91ABC6FAACFC7C" authority="(Osten Sacken, 1861)" baseAuthorityName="Osten Sacken" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[770,1315,979,1006]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Atrusca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercuscentricola">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFB3FF93FC91ABC6FBA6FC7F" box="[770,1065,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Atrusca quercuscentricola</emphasis>
|
||
(Osten Sacken, 1861)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as well as from an unnamed gall on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CC9BEFDFFB3FF93FE2BABE2FD4DFB83" authority="Michx." authorityName="Michx." box="[440,706,1015,1041]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="falcata">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFB3FF93FE2BABE2FDE4FB83" box="[440,619,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Quercus falcata</emphasis>
|
||
Michx.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFB3FF93FD41ABE2FCA1FB83" box="[722,814,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Lobatae</emphasis>
|
||
section) which was described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F58B88FFFB3FF93FB3BABE2FA17FB80" author="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von" box="[1192,1432,1015,1042]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="47 - 72" refId="ref35632" refString="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von (1861) On the Cynipidae of the North American oaks and their galls. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 1 (3), 47 - 72." type="journal article" year="1861">Osten-Sacken (1861)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F58B88FFFB3FF93FEB9AC0EFD94FBA7" author="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von" box="[298,539,1050,1077]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="331 - 380" refId="ref35671" refString="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von. (1865) Contributions to the natural history of the Cynipidae of the United States and of their galls. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 4 (3), 331 - 380." type="journal article" year="1865">Osten-Sacken (1865)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F58B88FFFB3FF93FDB6AC0EFD44FBA4" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[549,715,1051,1078]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="85 - 100" refId="ref34619" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1896) A monograph of the genus Synergus. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 23, 85 - 100." type="journal article" year="1896">Gillette (1896)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also bred some specimens of this species from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CC9BEFDFFB3FF93FB71AC0EFEF1FBCB" authority="(Gillette, 1893)" baseAuthorityName="Gillette" baseAuthorityYear="1893" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubens">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFB3FF93FB71AC0EFF45FBCB" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Disholcaspis rubens</emphasis>
|
||
(Gillette, 1893)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CC9BEFDFFB3FF93FE26AC2AFCA4FBCB" authority="(Fitch, 1859)" baseAuthorityName="Fitch" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[437,811,1086,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercusglobulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFB3FF93FE26AC2AFD00FBCB" box="[437,655,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">D. quercusglobulus</emphasis>
|
||
(Fitch, 1859)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B3D396F5FFB3FF93FF54AC76FD07FAEB" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="FB76C57EFFB3FF93FF54AC76FEFFFB57" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1401]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFB3FF93FF54AC76FEBBFBEF" bold="true" box="[199,308,1123,1149]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CC9BEFDFFB3FF93FED7AC76FDB9FBEF" authorityName="Osten-Sacken" authorityYear="1865" baseAuthorityName="Osten-Sacken" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[324,566,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laeviventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFB3FF93FED7AC76FDB9FBEF" box="[324,566,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Synergus laeviventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally described from a single female (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F58B88FFFB3FF93FBC8AC76FAE4FBEF" author="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von" box="[1115,1387,1122,1149]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="47 - 72" refId="ref35632" refString="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von (1861) On the Cynipidae of the North American oaks and their galls. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 1 (3), 47 - 72." type="journal article" year="1861">Osten-Sacken 1861: 57</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Its description was later improved by the same author after obtaining four more females from different galls (Osten-Sacken 1865: 375).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB76C57EFFB3FF93FF54ACDAFD07FAEB" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1401]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
According to both the original description (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F58B88FFFB3FF93FD2EACDAFC12FB78" author="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von" box="[701,925,1231,1258]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="47 - 72" refId="ref35632" refString="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von (1861) On the Cynipidae of the North American oaks and their galls. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 1 (3), 47 - 72." type="journal article" year="1861">Osten-Sacken 1861</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the notes provided by the same author some years later (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F58B88FFFB3FF93FEC9ACE6FDB6FA9F" author="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von" box="[346,569,1266,1293]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="331 - 380" refId="ref35671" refString="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von. (1865) Contributions to the natural history of the Cynipidae of the United States and of their galls. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 4 (3), 331 - 380." type="journal article" year="1865">Osten-Sacken 1865</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CC9BEFDFFB3FF93FDDEACE6FD63FA9F" authorityName="Osten-Sacken" authorityYear="1865" baseAuthorityName="Osten-Sacken" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[589,748,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laeviventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFB3FF93FDDEACE6FD63FA9F" box="[589,748,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">S. laeviventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the mesosoma black and the metasoma black or chestnut; however, the specimen examined has the body entirely brown.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F58B88FFFB3FF93FCC9AD02FB0EFAA3" author="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von" box="[858,1153,1302,1329]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="331 - 380" refId="ref35671" refString="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von. (1865) Contributions to the natural history of the Cynipidae of the United States and of their galls. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 4 (3), 331 - 380." type="journal article" year="1865">Osten-Sacken (1865: 375)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
says ‘mesosoma in older specimens often become brownish or reddish-brown’, so we think the color differences observed in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="24727BDCFFB3FF93FAB1AD2EFADDFAC7" box="[1314,1362,1339,1365]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen are the same observed by its descriptor.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |