352 lines
44 KiB
XML
352 lines
44 KiB
XML
<document id="FF98938E2A04A4A2E290208C6EF419F0" ID-CLB-Dataset="8791" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4822.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2bbc92ef-c6a7-4e7a-8da8-5f542394fda1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4450519" ID-ZooBank="668A9E94-DB24-4AD0-B5D7-1A5D3273FC9F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1609333239343" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lobato-Vila, Irene, Equihua-Martínez, Armando, Estrada-Venegas, Edith G., Cibrián-Tovar, David, Barrera-Ruíz, Uriel M. & Pujade-Villar, Juli" docDate="2020" docId="73607468FFADFF8BFF04AF23FC7AFE1B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4822.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4822 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Synergus campanula Osten-Sacken 1865" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="8F590C10FFA7FF87FF93A815FF8FFF92" masterDocTitle="Synergus Hartig species group (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) with partially smooth mesopleurae from the New World" masterLastPageNumber="38" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1698849582065" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="BFF5D8785A871C04465DEFF3AB08664D">Synergus Hartig species group (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) with partially smooth mesopleurae from the New World</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F8B23726234CEFE48A92E3E09D918D3E">Lobato-Vila, Irene</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EAFE9617D74B102105FD5BB1728B0AE4">Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Biologia, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Avda. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3BACB259EDB41302699B686D2A9C4ABA">Equihua-Martínez, Armando</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="412528A9E17D3C9F769BF3500DE61B88">Instituto de Fitosanidad, Colegio de Postgraduados, 56230 Montecillo, Texcoco, Estado de México, México & equihuaa @ colpos. mx; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4392 - 3924</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="271ED9B2657CBE486F18198FF7EDBCB4" type="email">equihuaa@colpos.mx</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="9B77A7F11E7DDD73AE51D5DAAFE4B7E2">Estrada-Venegas, Edith G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1499E048B380DD46DBCC0B3C2D977675">Instituto de Fitosanidad, Colegio de Postgraduados, 56230 Montecillo, Texcoco, Estado de México, México & estradae @ colpos. mx; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1347 - 6369</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="EAD76A12A1006447804C695402511F4C" type="email">estradae@colpos.mx</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="089BEA3B54517C02433EAA6D80220AF0">Cibrián-Tovar, David</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E0A78A79FF313166FD76C7888B932A9A">División de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Km 38.5 Carretera México-Texcoco, Chapingo, Estado de México, México & dcibrian 48 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6788 - 0178</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D7B1F8AF58968A3AFF364D519617E11B" type="email">dcibrian48@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="5332EA7C22230621374274AF4F652F51">Barrera-Ruíz, Uriel M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="975F1FCD4C8C20659583303103E192DE">División de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Km 38.5 Carretera México-Texcoco, Chapingo, Estado de México, México & umbr 757 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2451 - 807 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="4A3C9FE01A11C4365BD6ED9E79C13063" type="email">umbr757@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="D062860EC274A0353251EE3F5A367337">Pujade-Villar, Juli</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FE7188BE8AE25B3937CE2982CE56A5C7">Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Biologia, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Avda. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain & jpujade @ ub. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7798 - 2717</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="76F5B12DF37EAC169539F5A27AA07B9E" type="email">jpujade@ub.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="50A6E8CB8A331D95766DF3F406CFF105">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D8BDF605BDD754666E190E967F94E09F">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B7C5027DDE4551BB3B21A57894CF847C">2020-08-04</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="CEE44BA006A5F619A16C26241EEA7917">4822</mods:number>
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<treatment id="73607468FFADFF8BFF04AF23FC7AFE1B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450537" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177009714" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4450537" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:73607468FFADFF8BFF04AF23FC7AFE1B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/73607468FFADFF8BFF04AF23FC7AFE1B" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<taxonomicName id="3CC9BEFDFFADFF8DFF04AF23FD1BF8C2" authority="Osten-Sacken, 1865" authorityName="Osten-Sacken" authorityYear="1865" box="[151,660,1845,1872]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="campanula">
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<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFADFF8DFF04AF23FD1BF8C2" bold="true" box="[151,660,1845,1872]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFADFF8DFF04AF23FE19F8C2" bold="true" box="[151,406,1845,1872]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Synergus campanula</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="9F58B88FFFADFF8DFE0DAF23FD1BF8C2" author="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von" box="[414,660,1846,1872]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="331 - 380" refId="ref35671" refString="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von. (1865) Contributions to the natural history of the Cynipidae of the United States and of their galls. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 4 (3), 331 - 380." type="journal article" year="1865">Osten-Sacken, 1865</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="B3D396F5FFADFF8DFF04AF4FFEBEF8E7" box="[151,305,1882,1909]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
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<paragraph id="FB76C57EFFADFF8DFF04AF4FFEBEF8E7" blockId="10.[151,660,1845,1909]" box="[151,305,1882,1909]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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(
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<figureCitation id="63F2D9FBFFADFF8DFF0CAF4FFF70F8E7" box="[159,255,1882,1909]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1972,1996]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,453,1949]" captionTargetId="figure-146@19.[157,1430,453,1949]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Synergus campanula: a) lateral habitus; b) dorsal view. Synergus confertus: c) lateral habitus; d) dorsal view. Synergus flavens: e) lateral habitus; f) dorsal view. Synergus laeviventris: g) lateral habitus; h) dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4450529/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figure 4</figureCitation>
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a–b)
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<paragraph id="FB76C57EFFADFF8DFF04AF8AFBFBF825" blockId="10.[151,1140,1950,1975]" box="[151,1140,1950,1975]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<taxonomicName id="3CC9BEFDFFADFF8DFF04AF8AFDCFF824" authority="Osten-Sacken, 1865" authorityName="Osten-Sacken" authorityYear="1865" box="[151,576,1950,1974]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="campanula">
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<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFADFF8DFF04AF8AFEE5F824" box="[151,362,1950,1974]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Synergus campanula</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="4BA1CF23FFADFF8DFEE3AF8BFDCFF824" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3019622324" box="[368,576,1950,1974]" collectionCode="MCZ" collectorName="Proc. Entomol. Soc. Phil." pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
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<bibRefCitation id="9F58B88FFFADFF8DFEE3AF8BFDCFF824" author="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von" box="[368,576,1950,1974]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="331 - 380" refId="ref35671" refString="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von. (1865) Contributions to the natural history of the Cynipidae of the United States and of their galls. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 4 (3), 331 - 380." type="journal article" year="1865">Osten-Sacken, 1865</bibRefCitation>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<collectorName id="563CA0A8FFADFF8DFDDAAF8AFCC4F824" box="[585,843,1950,1975]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Proc. Entomol. Soc. Phil.</collectorName>
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4: 376. Type material: MCZ.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FB76C57EFFACFF8CFF04A883FE61FED2" blockId="11.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFACFF8CFF04A883FE41FF22" bold="true" box="[151,462,150,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Type material (examined)</emphasis>
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.
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<typeStatus id="24727BDCFFACFF8CFE4DA883FDF1FF22" box="[478,638,150,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
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<specimenCount id="EDCF0EF7FFACFF8CFD15A882FD14FF23" box="[646,667,151,177]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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<materialsCitation id="4BA1CF23FFACFF8CFD37A883FF23FE8F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3019622307" collectionCode="MCZ" collectorName="Osten Sacken" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" specimenCode="MCZ-ENT 00013968" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
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with the following labels: ‘
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<taxonomicName id="3CC9BEFDFFACFF8CFC49A882FB4BFF22" authorityName="Osten-Sacken" authorityYear="1865" box="[986,1220,150,177]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="campanula">
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<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFACFF8CFC49A882FB4BFF22" box="[986,1220,150,177]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Synergus campanula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<collectorName id="563CA0A8FFACFF8CFB5EA883FA8FFF22" box="[1229,1280,150,176]" name="C.R. von Osten-Sacken" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">O.S.</collectorName>
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’ (white label, handwritten) / ‘
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<collectorName id="563CA0A8FFACFF8CFED1A8AFFDACFF46" box="[322,547,186,212]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Osten Sacken Coll.</collectorName>
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’ (white label) / ‘
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<collectorName id="563CA0A8FFACFF8CFD48A8AFFC97FF46" box="[731,792,186,212]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Type</collectorName>
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13968’ (red label) / ‘
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<collectorName id="563CA0A8FFACFF8CFB96A8AFFBB5FF46" box="[1029,1082,186,212]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Gall</collectorName>
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of
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<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFACFF8CFBF2A8AEFA8FFF46" box="[1121,1280,186,213]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C. q. globulus</emphasis>
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’ (white label, handwritten) / ‘
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<collectionCode id="9DD85DBBFFACFF8CFED0A8CBFE0AFF6A" box="[323,389,222,248]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="Museum">MCZ</collectionCode>
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<collectorName id="563CA0A8FFACFF8CFE1EA8CAFDC5FF6A" box="[397,586,222,249]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Image Database’</collectorName>
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(white label) / ‘
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<specimenCode id="AB6F6D05FFACFF8CFD6DA8CBFC74FF6A" box="[766,1019,222,248]" collectionCode="MCZ-ENT" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">MCZ-ENT 00013968</specimenCode>
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’ (white label, QR code) / ‘
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<typeStatus id="24727BDCFFACFF8CFAB4A8CBFA13FF6A" box="[1319,1436,222,248]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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<specimenCount id="EDCF0EF7FFACFF8CFF04A916FF23FE8F" box="[151,172,259,285]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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</materialsCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="3CC9BEFDFFACFF8CFF27A916FD06FE8F" authority="Osten-Sacken, 1865" authorityName="Osten-Sacken" authorityYear="1865" box="[180,649,258,285]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="campanula">
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<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFACFF8CFF27A916FE12FE8E" box="[180,413,258,285]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Synergus campanula</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F58B88FFFACFF8CFE37A917FD06FE8F" author="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von" box="[420,649,258,285]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="331 - 380" refId="ref35671" refString="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von. (1865) Contributions to the natural history of the Cynipidae of the United States and of their galls. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 4 (3), 331 - 380." type="journal article" year="1865">Osten-Sacken, 1865</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, IL-V desig-2019’ (red label).
|
||
<typeStatus id="24727BDCFFACFF8CFC72A917FB57FE8E" box="[993,1240,258,284]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="paralectotype">PARALECTOTYPES</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="EDCF0EF7FFACFF8CFB79A917FA83FE8E" box="[1258,1292,258,284]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
|
||
) mounted in the same card as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="24727BDCFFACFF8CFE13A933FE65FED2" box="[384,490,294,320]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B3D396F5FFACFF8CFF54A95FFDD9FE67" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="FB76C57EFFACFF8CFF54A95FFDD9FE67" blockId="11.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFACFF8CFF54A95FFEB5FEF6" bold="true" box="[199,314,330,356]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CC9BEFDFFACFF8CFEDAA95EFDBCFEF6" authorityName="Osten-Sacken" authorityYear="1865" box="[329,563,330,357]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="campanula">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFACFF8CFEDAA95EFDBCFEF6" box="[329,563,330,357]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Synergus campanula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is morphologically close to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CC9BEFDFFACFF8CFCE4A95EFAB4FEF7" authority="(Ashmead, 1885)" authorityName="Weld" authorityYear="1922" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[887,1339,330,357]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="succinipedis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFACFF8CFCE4A95EFBE0FEF6" box="[887,1135,330,357]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Synergus succinipedis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F58B88FFFACFF8CFBECA95FFABCFEF7" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[1151,1331,330,357]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="291 - 304" refId="ref33899" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1885) A bibliographical and synonymical catalogue of the North American Cynipidae, with description of new species. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 12 (3 - 4), 291 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25076460" type="journal article" year="1885">Ashmead, 1885</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see below), but differs from this species by having POL about 1.8 times as long as OOL (POL about as long as OOL in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CC9BEFDFFACFF8CFA14A97AFEAEFE3E" authorityName="Weld" authorityYear="1922" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1885" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="succinipedis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFACFF8CFA14A97AFEAEFE3E" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S. succinipedis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); F1 and F2 subequal (F1 1.5 times as long as F
|
||
<quantity id="3C31689BFFACFF8CFCACA987FCE5FE3E" box="[831,874,402,428]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CC9BEFDFFACFF8CFCE2A986FB98FE3E" authorityName="Weld" authorityYear="1922" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[881,1047,402,429]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="succinipedis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFACFF8CFCE2A986FB98FE3E" box="[881,1047,402,429]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S. succinipedis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); and lateral pronotum completely coriaceous (strongly imbricated to weakly carinated, especially basally, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CC9BEFDFFACFF8CFC4CA9A2FB09FE42" authorityName="Weld" authorityYear="1922" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[991,1158,438,465]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="succinipedis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFACFF8CFC4CA9A2FB09FE42" box="[991,1158,438,465]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S. succinipedis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (see the descriptions of both species and the identification key).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B3D396F5FFACFF8CFF54A9EBFE10F8DE" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="FB76C57EFFACFF8CFF54A9EBFC59FD8A" blockId="11.[151,1437,150,2013]" box="[199,982,510,537]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFACFF8CFF54A9EBFDD8FD8A" bold="true" box="[199,599,510,536]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Redescription. FEMALE. Length</emphasis>
|
||
. Body length
|
||
<quantity id="3C31689BFFACFF8CFD65A9EBFCF2FD8B" box="[758,893,510,537]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="2.35" valueMax="2.6" valueMin="2.1">2.1–2.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n = 3).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB76C57EFFACFF8CFF54AA37FAB7FD3A" blockId="11.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFACFF8CFF54AA37FE84FDAE" bold="true" box="[199,267,546,572]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Color</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="63F2D9FBFFACFF8CFE89AA37FED1FDAF" box="[282,350,546,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1972,1996]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,453,1949]" captionTargetId="figure-146@19.[157,1430,453,1949]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Synergus campanula: a) lateral habitus; b) dorsal view. Synergus confertus: c) lateral habitus; d) dorsal view. Synergus flavens: e) lateral habitus; f) dorsal view. Synergus laeviventris: g) lateral habitus; h) dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4450529/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
a–b). Brownish black to black. Frons, vertex and occiput dark brown to black; genae dark yellow to brownish yellow; lower face somewhat tinged with brown, sometimes just with a longitudinal brown stripe medially. Antennae yellow to testaceous. Mesosoma dark brown to black, mesopleurae somewhat lighter; tegulae yellow. Metasoma reddish brown to chestnut, dorsally black. Legs light yellow. Wings hyaline, veins pale yellow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB76C57EFFACFF8CFF54AAA7FE39FC7F" blockId="11.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFACFF8CFF54AAA7FE88FD5E" bold="true" box="[199,263,690,716]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Head</emphasis>
|
||
. In frontal view, 1.2 times as wide as high, genae not expanded behind compound eyes. Face faintly pubescent, lower face with striae radiating from clypeus. Clypeus indistinct, ventral margin straight, not projected over mandibles. Malar space about 0.6 times as long as height of compound eye. Anterior tentorial pits visible; pleurostomal and epistomal sulcus absent. Transfacial line as long as height of compound eye. Toruli situated mid-height of compound eye; distance between torulus and compound eye shorter than diameter of torulus; distance between toruli as long as diameter of toruli. Frons coriaceous, with scattered small piliferous punctures; frontal carinae short and narrow, not reaching lateral ocelli. Head in dorsal view is about 2.0 times as wide as long. Vertex coriaceous, with scattered small piliferous punctures. POL: OOL: LOL = 7: 4: 4 and diameter of lateral ocelli, 3. Occiput coriaceous, without punctures.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB76C57EFFACFF8CFF54ABE3FE23FBEE" blockId="11.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFACFF8CFF54ABE3FEB5FB82" bold="true" box="[199,314,1014,1040]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Antennae</emphasis>
|
||
. 14-segmented; filiform, just slightly broadened apically; pubescence dense and short. Scape plus pedicel about 1.2 times as long as F1; pedicel almost 2.0 times as long as wide; F1 and F2 subequal, F2 and F3 subequal, the following segments progressively shorter. Last flagellar segment about 2.7 times as long as wide and 2.0 times as long as F11.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB76C57EFFACFF8CFF54AC93FAD1F99A" blockId="11.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFACFF8CFF54AC93FECAFB32" bold="true" box="[199,325,1158,1184]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Mesosoma</emphasis>
|
||
. Slightly longer than high in lateral view, including nucha, with short and not dense pubescence (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63F2D9FBFFACFF8CFF33ACBFFF7DFB56" box="[160,242,1194,1220]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1972,1996]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,453,1949]" captionTargetId="figure-146@19.[157,1430,453,1949]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Synergus campanula: a) lateral habitus; b) dorsal view. Synergus confertus: c) lateral habitus; d) dorsal view. Synergus flavens: e) lateral habitus; f) dorsal view. Synergus laeviventris: g) lateral habitus; h) dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4450529/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4a</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ratio of length of pronotum medially/laterally: 0.38. Pronotal plate indistinct. Lateral pronotum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63F2D9FBFFACFF8CFAD7ACBFFA1BFB56" box="[1348,1428,1194,1220]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1972,1996]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,453,1949]" captionTargetId="figure-146@19.[157,1430,453,1949]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Synergus campanula: a) lateral habitus; b) dorsal view. Synergus confertus: c) lateral habitus; d) dorsal view. Synergus flavens: e) lateral habitus; f) dorsal view. Synergus laeviventris: g) lateral habitus; h) dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4450529/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4a</figureCitation>
|
||
) coriaceous; lateral margins of pronotum rounded, without lateral carina. Mesoscutum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63F2D9FBFFACFF8CFBF7ACDBFB39FB7B" box="[1124,1206,1230,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1972,1996]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,453,1949]" captionTargetId="figure-146@19.[157,1430,453,1949]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Synergus campanula: a) lateral habitus; b) dorsal view. Synergus confertus: c) lateral habitus; d) dorsal view. Synergus flavens: e) lateral habitus; f) dorsal view. Synergus laeviventris: g) lateral habitus; h) dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4450529/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4b</figureCitation>
|
||
) almost 1.2 times as wide as long, coriaceous with weak, dense, discontinuous transversal elements; anterior grooves weakly impressed, extended 1/4 of the mesoscutal length. Notauli complete, narrower and less impressed anteriorly. Median groove absent or just as a shallow impression. Parapsidal grooves weakly impressed, reaching tegulae. Scutellum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63F2D9FBFFACFF8CFAD0AD2FFA1BFAC7" box="[1347,1428,1338,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1972,1996]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,453,1949]" captionTargetId="figure-146@19.[157,1430,453,1949]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Synergus campanula: a) lateral habitus; b) dorsal view. Synergus confertus: c) lateral habitus; d) dorsal view. Synergus flavens: e) lateral habitus; f) dorsal view. Synergus laeviventris: g) lateral habitus; h) dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4450529/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4b</figureCitation>
|
||
) rounded, about as long as wide, densely wrinkled, interspaces coriaceous; circumscutellar carina weak; scutellar foveae subtriangular to ovate, shallow, weakly sculptured and separated by a narrow carina. Mesopleurae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63F2D9FBFFACFF8CFAD7AD97FA1BFA0E" box="[1348,1428,1410,1436]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1972,1996]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,453,1949]" captionTargetId="figure-146@19.[157,1430,453,1949]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Synergus campanula: a) lateral habitus; b) dorsal view. Synergus confertus: c) lateral habitus; d) dorsal view. Synergus flavens: e) lateral habitus; f) dorsal view. Synergus laeviventris: g) lateral habitus; h) dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4450529/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4a</figureCitation>
|
||
) regularly and finely striate basally and medially, interspaces alutaceous, speculum smooth; little pubescent basally. Metapleural sulcus reaching 4/5 of mesopleural height. Propodeum pubescent and weakly sculptured; propodeal carinae narrow, straight and parallel; a weak medial carina also visible. Nucha sulcated dorsally and laterally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB76C57EFFACFF8CFF54AE07FDE3F9BE" blockId="11.[151,1437,150,2013]" box="[199,620,1554,1581]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFACFF8CFF54AE07FF70F9BE" bold="true" box="[199,255,1554,1580]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
. Tarsal claws with a basal tooth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB76C57EFFACFF8CFF54AE23FC26F90B" blockId="11.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFACFF8CFF54AE23FE9CF9C2" bold="true" box="[199,275,1590,1616]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Wings</emphasis>
|
||
. Fore wings pubescent with short marginal setae, slightly longer than mesosoma plus metasoma. Radial cell closed and 2.4 times as long as wide; areolet inconspicuous, only posterior vein pigmented. Rs+M inconspicuous, not reaching the basal vein. Basal cell with sparsely spaced setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB76C57EFFACFF8CFF54AEB7FAD3F8BB" blockId="11.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFACFF8CFF54AEB7FECFF92E" bold="true" box="[199,320,1698,1724]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Metasoma</emphasis>
|
||
. Slightly shorter than head plus mesosoma, about 1.2 times as long as high in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63F2D9FBFFACFF8CFA99AEB7FAD6F92E" box="[1290,1369,1698,1724]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1972,1996]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,453,1949]" captionTargetId="figure-146@19.[157,1430,453,1949]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Synergus campanula: a) lateral habitus; b) dorsal view. Synergus confertus: c) lateral habitus; d) dorsal view. Synergus flavens: e) lateral habitus; f) dorsal view. Synergus laeviventris: g) lateral habitus; h) dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4450529/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4a</figureCitation>
|
||
). First metasomal segment sulcated dorsally and laterally. Syntergite smooth, anterolateral pubescence composed of a few setae and with a narrow band of minute micropunctures occupying the distal 1/5–1/4 of the syntergite length; not incised dorsodistally, pointed. Hypopygial spine about as long as wide and with a few lateral setae; without apical setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB76C57EFFACFF8CFF54AF27FE10F8DE" blockId="11.[151,1437,150,2013]" box="[199,415,1842,1868]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFACFF8CFF54AF27FEADF8DE" bold="true" box="[199,290,1842,1868]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">MALE.</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B3D396F5FFACFF8CFF54AF43FEBCF806" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="FB76C57EFFACFF8CFF54AF43FEBCF806" blockId="11.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFACFF8CFF54AF43FED6F8E2" bold="true" box="[199,345,1878,1904]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="83DE85EEFFACFF8CFEFAAF43FE2AF8E2" box="[361,421,1878,1904]" name="United States of America" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
. States of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="390D0B9CFFACFF8CFD8FAF42FD1CF8E2" box="[540,659,1878,1905]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="390D0B9CFFACFF8CFD0CAF42FCABF8E3" box="[671,804,1879,1905]" country="United States of America" name="New Jersey" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">New Jersey</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="390D0B9CFFACFF8CFCA3AF43FC7BF8E2" box="[816,1012,1878,1904]" country="United States of America" name="District of Columbia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Washington D.C.</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="390D0B9CFFACFF8CFB91AF43FBDEF8E2" box="[1026,1105,1878,1904]" country="United States of America" name="Illinois" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Illinois</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="390D0B9CFFACFF8CFB18AF43FA8CF8E2" box="[1163,1283,1878,1904]" country="United States of America" name="Wisconsin" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Wisconsin</collectingRegion>
|
||
, according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F58B88FFFACFF8CFF04AF6FFEA0F806" author="Burks, B. D." box="[151,303,1914,1940]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref34249" refString="Burks, B. D. (1979) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D., Smith, D. R. & Burks, B. D. (Eds.), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico. Vol. 1. Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D. C., pp. 1045 - 1107." type="book" year="1979">Burks (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B3D396F5FFACFF8BFF54AF8BFBCFFE8F" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="FB76C57EFFACFF8BFF54AF8BFBCFFE8F" blockId="11.[151,1437,150,2013]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,151,394]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFACFF8CFF54AF8BFEAEF82A" bold="true" box="[199,289,1950,1976]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Biology</emphasis>
|
||
. Originally reared from galls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CC9BEFDFFACFF8CFD00AF8BFBF0F82B" authority="(Fitch, 1859)" baseAuthorityName="Fitch" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[659,1151,1950,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercusglobulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFACFF8CFD00AF8BFC6BF82A" box="[659,996,1950,1976]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Disholcaspis quercusglobulus</emphasis>
|
||
(Fitch, 1859)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on a white oak and from similar galls described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F58B88FFFACFF8CFE52AFD7FD66F84F" author="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von" box="[449,745,1986,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="47 - 72" refId="ref35632" refString="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von (1861) On the Cynipidae of the North American oaks and their galls. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 1 (3), 47 - 72." type="journal article" year="1861">Osten-Sacken (1861: 256)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
on an unknown oak (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F58B88FFFACFF8CFC4CAFD7FB4FF84F" author="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von" box="[991,1216,1986,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="331 - 380" refId="ref35671" refString="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von. (1865) Contributions to the natural history of the Cynipidae of the United States and of their galls. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 4 (3), 331 - 380." type="journal article" year="1865">Osten-Sacken 1865</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). According to Gillette (1896), these similar galls may correspond to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CC9BEFDFFABFF8BFCA3A882FA92FF20" authority="(Walsh, 1869)" baseAuthorityName="Walsh" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[816,1309,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercusmamma">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFABFF8BFCA3A882FBF8FF22" box="[816,1143,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Disholcaspis quercusmamma</emphasis>
|
||
(Walsh, 1869)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CC9BEFDFFABFF8BFAD7A882FE47FF47" authority="Bassett, 1890" authorityName="Bassett" authorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Holcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duricoria">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFABFF8BFAD7A882FEA6FF47" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Holcaspis duricoria</emphasis>
|
||
Bassett, 1890
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CC9BEFDFFABFF8BFE69A8AEFD72FF47" authority="Willd." authorityName="Willd." box="[506,765,187,213]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFABFF8BFE69A8AEFD3FFF47" box="[506,688,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Quercus bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
Willd.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CC9BEFDFFABFF8BFC9EA8AEFCE4FF47" box="[781,875,187,213]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFABFF8BFC9EA8AEFCE4FF47" box="[781,875,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Quercus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
section).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F58B88FFFABFF8BFC4BA8AEFBF1FF44" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[984,1150,187,214]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="85 - 100" refId="ref34619" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1896) A monograph of the genus Synergus. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 23, 85 - 100." type="journal article" year="1896">Gillette (1896)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also has some specimens reared from galls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CC9BEFDFFABFF8BFE13A8CAFDDBFF6A" baseAuthorityName="Walsh" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[384,596,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercusmamma">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFABFF8BFE13A8CAFDDBFF6A" box="[384,596,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">D. quercusmamma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CC9BEFDFFABFF8BFD1EA8CAFC9EFF6A" box="[653,785,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Trigonaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFABFF8BFD1EA8CAFC9EFF6A" box="[653,785,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Trigonaspis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
?
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFABFF8BFCB5A8CAFC61FF6B" box="[806,1006,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">quercusforticorne</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F58B88FFFABFF8BFC6EA8CAFB03FF68" author="Walsh, B. D." box="[1021,1164,223,250]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="443 - 500" refId="ref36836" refString="Walsh, B. D. (1864) On dimorphism in the hymenopterous genus Cynips; with an appendix, containing hints for a new classification of Cynipidae and a list of Cynipidae, including descriptions of several new species, inhabiting the oak-galls of Illinois. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 2, 443 - 500." type="journal article" year="1864">Walsh, 1864</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CC9BEFDFFABFF8BFB2DA8CAFECEFE8C" authority="(Walsh, 1864))" baseAuthorityName="Walsh" baseAuthorityYear="1864" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Biorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forticornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFABFF8BFB2DA8CAFA13FF6B" box="[1214,1436,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Biorhiza forticornis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F58B88FFFABFF8BFF0CA916FEA0FE8C" author="Walsh, B. D." box="[159,303,259,286]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="443 - 500" refId="ref36836" refString="Walsh, B. D. (1864) On dimorphism in the hymenopterous genus Cynips; with an appendix, containing hints for a new classification of Cynipidae and a list of Cynipidae, including descriptions of several new species, inhabiting the oak-galls of Illinois. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 2, 443 - 500." type="journal article" year="1864">Walsh, 1864</bibRefCitation>
|
||
))
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the latter considered
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFABFF8BFDA5A916FD5EFE8F" box="[566,721,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">incertae sedis</emphasis>
|
||
after
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F58B88FFFABFF8BFC81A916FBB4FE8F" author="Pujade-Villar, J. & Ferrer-Suay, M. & Cuesta-Porta, V. & Lobato-Vila, I." box="[786,1083,259,285]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="110 - 127" refId="ref36045" refString="Pujade-Villar, J., Ferrer-Suay, M., Cuesta-Porta, V. & Lobato-Vila, I. (2018) Does Biorhiza Westwood, 1840 (Hym.: Cynipidae) exist in Mexico? Folia Entomologica Mexicana (nueva serie), 4 (3), 110 - 127." type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Pujade-Villar
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFABFF8BFC3CA916FC68FE8F" box="[943,999,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B3D396F5FFABFF8BFF54A932FC7AFE1B" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="FB76C57EFFABFF8BFF54A932FC7AFE1B" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,394]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFABFF8BFF54A932FEBBFED3" bold="true" box="[199,308,295,321]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CC9BEFDFFABFF8BFED1A932FDA5FED3" authorityName="Osten-Sacken" authorityYear="1865" box="[322,554,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="campanula">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFABFF8BFED1A932FDA5FED3" box="[322,554,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Synergus campanula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from
|
||
<specimenCount id="EDCF0EF7FFABFF8BFC80A932FCCBFED3" box="[787,836,295,321]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="female">10♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F58B88FFFABFF8BFCC1A932FBE4FED0" author="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von" box="[850,1131,294,322]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="331 - 380" refId="ref35671" refString="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von. (1865) Contributions to the natural history of the Cynipidae of the United States and of their galls. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 4 (3), 331 - 380." type="journal article" year="1865">Osten-Sacken 1865: 376</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We located and examined
|
||
<specimenCount id="EDCF0EF7FFABFF8BFF04A95EFF35FEF7" box="[151,186,331,357]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
|
||
reared from galls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CC9BEFDFFABFF8BFE37A95EFDF1FEF7" baseAuthorityName="Fitch" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[420,638,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercusglobulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BD196CFFABFF8BFE37A95EFDF1FEF7" box="[420,638,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">D. quercusglobulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belonging to the type series deposited in MCZ. As it is not stated in the original description, a
|
||
<typeStatus id="24727BDCFFABFF8BFE00A97AFE75FE1B" box="[403,506,367,393]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(MCZ-ENT 00013968) has been designated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |