287 lines
30 KiB
XML
287 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="8E9C960D0A074714235E7B61D508BF0F" ID-CLB-Dataset="302428" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.13709666" ID-GBIF-Dataset="90f71a82-0404-4321-a473-5f5396c87705" ID-ISSN="2295-0214" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13709666" ID-ZooBank="7F779AD8-8098-4EF0-AC9C-B58094E48668" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.tables_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1723147047777" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Hasbroucq, Séverine, Casarin, Noemi, Czwienczek, Ewelina, Bragard, Claude & Grégoire, Jean-Claude" docDate="2020" docId="594287AAFFECFF9CD0D5FC92FEA563B5" docLanguage="en" docName="BelgJEntomol.92.1-21.pdf" docOrigin="Belgian Journal of Entomology 92" docStyle="DocumentStyle:477BAB003B03482056C94CF3A43FB53D.1:BelgJEntomol.2015-2021.journal_article.type3" docStyleId="477BAB003B03482056C94CF3A43FB53D" docStyleName="BelgJEntomol.2015-2021.journal_article.type3" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Cicadella viridis" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="A57BFFD2FFE5FF97D21EFFEFFFBD6171" masterDocTitle="Distribution, adult phenology and life history traits of potential insect vectors of Xylella fastidiosa in Belgium" masterLastPageNumber="21" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="10" updateTime="1725609029721" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="477539EE85EA6E099E806140A98DFABA">Distribution, adult phenology and life history traits of potential insect vectors of Xylella fastidiosa in Belgium</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CB9652BD9444C6F251D53ED3368875D1">Hasbroucq, Séverine</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1652C0D49A677B970F270939B0D9AA16">Casarin, Noemi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="311BCACFFDA050E66EFCFC473A8490B6">Czwienczek, Ewelina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="676841FB2BD65E6FD6B6DF8824D91523">Bragard, Claude</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C443BEB229D153470C366E37D1ED7E9C">Grégoire, Jean-Claude</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="78C211B2B29477F64281443A370866BA">Belgian Journal of Entomology</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4938B15E90BFDA09F873004534FBA996">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="AB8E6A7967AAED601F5FD01E801ABCFA">92</mods:number>
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<treatment id="594287AAFFECFF9CD0D5FC92FEA563B5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13291355" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13291355" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:594287AAFFECFF9CD0D5FC92FEA563B5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/594287AAFFECFF9CD0D5FC92FEA563B5" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<subSubSection id="99F16537FFECFF9ED0D5FC92FC2862E9" box="[715,917,893,920]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D15436BCFFECFF9ED0D5FC92FC2862E9" blockId="9.[715,917,893,920]" box="[715,917,893,920]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<heading id="8A1C81D0FFECFF9ED0D5FC92FC2862E9" bold="true" box="[715,917,893,920]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="16EB4D3FFFECFF9ED0D5FC92FC2862E9" ID-CoL="V6VM" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[715,917,893,920]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Cicadella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridis">
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<emphasis id="E39FEAAEFFECFF9ED0D5FC92FC2862E9" bold="true" box="[715,917,893,920]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Cicadella viridis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="99F16537FFECFF9CD2E9FC55FEA563B5" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="D15436BCFFECFF9ED2E9FC55FDA862A5" blockId="9.[247,533,954,980]" box="[247,533,954,980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="E39FEAAEFFECFF9ED2E9FC55FDA862A5" box="[247,533,954,980]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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Distribution in
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<collectingCountry id="A9FC762CFFECFF9ED3AFFC55FDA862A5" box="[433,533,954,980]" name="Belgium" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Belgium</collectingCountry>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D15436BCFFECFF9ED2E9FC05FE806556" blockId="9.[247,1385,1002,1063]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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It was found in all the ecological regions of the country (
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<figureCitation id="49D02A39FFECFF9ED1BDFC05FC506575" box="[931,1005,1002,1028]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[247,284,1827,1849]" captionTargetBox="[395,1310,1145,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-77@9.[300,1331,1076,1806]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 4. Distribution map for Cicadella viridis in Belgium. Data: RBINS; Observations.be (2010-2016); our own samplings (2016-2017)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13709674" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13709674/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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). We collected it in 28 sites out of 36.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="85946634FFECFF9ED2E9F8CCFE556626" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13709674" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13709674" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13709674/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[247,284,1827,1849]" targetBox="[395,1310,1145,1689]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="D15436BCFFECFF9ED2E9F8CCFE556626" blockId="9.[247,1385,1827,1879]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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Fig. 4. Distribution map for
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<taxonomicName id="16EB4D3FFFECFF9ED006F8CCFD7F6649" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[536,706,1827,1848]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Cicadella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridis">
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<emphasis id="E39FEAAEFFECFF9ED006F8CCFD7F6649" box="[536,706,1827,1848]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Cicadella viridis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in Belgium. Data: RBINS;
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<emphasis id="E39FEAAEFFECFF9ED1C0F8CCFB3F6649" box="[990,1154,1827,1848]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Observations.be</emphasis>
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(2010-2016); our own samplings (2016-2017).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="D15436BCFFECFF9ED2E9F822FEA86696" blockId="9.[247,277,1997,2023]" box="[247,277,1997,2023]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">10</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D15436BCFFEFFF9DD2E9FF55FE0061A5" blockId="10.[247,445,186,212]" box="[247,445,186,212]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis id="E39FEAAEFFEFFF9DD2E9FF55FE0061A5" box="[247,445,186,212]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Adult phenology</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D15436BCFFEFFF9DD2E9FF05FC10603B" blockId="10.[247,1386,233,330]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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Adults were found from May to December (
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<figureCitation id="49D02A39FFEFFF9DD112FF05FCE86075" box="[780,853,233,260]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[247,284,1053,1075]" captionTargetBox="[299,1333,356,1033]" captionTargetId="figure-324@10.[300,1331,357,1031]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 5. Phenology of adult Cicadella viridis in Belgium. Data: RBINS; Observations.be (2005-2017); our own samplings (2016-2017)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13709676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13709676/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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). We collected them in higher number from June to September, mostly in humid meadows but also along roads and in dry meadows, on a large range of plants but mostly on
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<taxonomicName id="16EB4D3FFFEFFF9DD0BCFEDEFC92603B" box="[674,815,304,330]" class="Liliopsida" family="Juncaceae" genus="Juncus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="E39FEAAEFFEFFF9DD0BCFEDEFD4B603B" box="[674,758,305,330]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Juncus</emphasis>
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spp.
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<tableCitation id="9C690307FFEFFF9DD121FEDFFC22603B" box="[831,927,304,330]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="7.[247,304,186,208]" captionTargetId="graphics-23@7.[247,1385,220,1072]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Table 4. Summary data relative to our field surveys." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/85946634FFE2FF90D2E9FF55FCBE61BE" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" tableUuid="85946634FFE2FF90D2E9FF55FCBE61BE">Table 4</tableCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="85946634FFEFFF9DD2E9FBF2FE556520" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13709676" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13709676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13709676/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[247,284,1053,1075]" targetBox="[299,1333,356,1033]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="D15436BCFFEFFF9DD2E9FBF2FE556520" blockId="10.[247,1385,1053,1105]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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Fig. 5. Phenology of adult
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<taxonomicName id="16EB4D3FFFEFFF9DD011FBF2FD046543" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[527,697,1053,1074]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Cicadella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridis">
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<emphasis id="E39FEAAEFFEFFF9DD011FBF2FD046543" box="[527,697,1053,1074]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cicadella viridis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in Belgium. Data: RBINS;
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<emphasis id="E39FEAAEFFEFFF9DD1C5FBF2FBC26543" box="[987,1151,1053,1074]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Observations.be</emphasis>
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(2005-2017); our own samplings (2016-2017).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="D15436BCFFEFFF9DD2E9FB9CFC8C65FC" blockId="10.[247,817,1139,1165]" box="[247,817,1139,1165]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis id="E39FEAAEFFEFFF9DD2E9FB9CFC8C65FC" box="[247,817,1139,1165]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Oviposition, egg winter diapause and voltinism</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D15436BCFFEFFF9DD2E9FB4DFED465AE" blockId="10.[247,1385,1186,1247]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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Oviposition was observed in slits inside
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<taxonomicName id="16EB4D3FFFEFFF9DD0EFFB4CFCF865CD" box="[753,837,1187,1212]" class="Liliopsida" family="Juncaceae" genus="Juncus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E39FEAAEFFEFFF9DD0EFFB4CFCF865CD" box="[753,837,1187,1212]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Juncus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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stems. The eggs overwinter and there is no diapause.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D15436BCFFEFFF9DD2E9FB19FDB1647E" blockId="10.[247,524,1269,1295]" box="[247,524,1269,1295]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis id="E39FEAAEFFEFFF9DD2E9FB19FDB1647E" box="[247,524,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Immature development</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D15436BCFFEFFF9DD2E9FACAFAE864D8" blockId="10.[247,1386,1317,1532]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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Under outdoor conditions, development of the first generation started in late April and ended in mid-June (
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<figureCitation id="49D02A39FFEFFF9DD38BFAA7FE4A6412" box="[405,503,1352,1379]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[247,284,1149,1171]" captionTargetBox="[247,1378,734,1126]" captionTargetId="figure-370@11.[247,1385,733,1127]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 6A. Immature development of Cicadella viridis under outdoor conditions (Ixelles, Belgium, 2016. Fig. 6B. Immature development of Cicadella viridis under controlled conditions (21.5°C; D:L= 9:15)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13709678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13709678/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
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). There are five instars and nymphs are mobile, without spittle protection. The cephalic capsule measures between 0,5–1,6 mm according to nymphal instar. Immature development lasts from 49 to 62 days. The adults appeared between June 6 and 19 (
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<figureCitation id="49D02A39FFEFFF9DD6F8FA61FAFA64D8" box="[1254,1351,1422,1449]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[247,284,1149,1171]" captionTargetBox="[247,1378,734,1126]" captionTargetId="figure-370@11.[247,1385,733,1127]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 6A. Immature development of Cicadella viridis under outdoor conditions (Ixelles, Belgium, 2016. Fig. 6B. Immature development of Cicadella viridis under controlled conditions (21.5°C; D:L= 9:15)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13709678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13709678/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D15436BCFFEFFF9DD2E9FA51FD56648D" blockId="10.[247,1386,1317,1532]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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Under controlled conditions, immature development lasted 21–27 days. The last 5
|
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<superScript id="269E9BF4FFEFFF9DD714FA57FAA764BA" attach="left" box="[1290,1306,1464,1483]" fontSize="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">th</superScript>
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instar nymphs appeared after 25 days (
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<figureCitation id="49D02A39FFEFFF9DD060FA0EFD60648D" box="[638,733,1505,1532]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[247,284,1149,1171]" captionTargetBox="[247,1378,734,1126]" captionTargetId="figure-370@11.[247,1385,733,1127]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 6A. Immature development of Cicadella viridis under outdoor conditions (Ixelles, Belgium, 2016. Fig. 6B. Immature development of Cicadella viridis under controlled conditions (21.5°C; D:L= 9:15)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13709678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13709678/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D15436BCFFEFFF9DD2E9F9FFFDF2675B" blockId="10.[247,591,1552,1578]" box="[247,591,1552,1578]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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||
<emphasis id="E39FEAAEFFEFFF9DD2E9F9FFFDF2675B" box="[247,591,1552,1578]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Local abundance in the field</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D15436BCFFEFFF9DD2E9F9AFFED36620" blockId="10.[247,1386,1600,1873]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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||
<materialsCitation id="61833CE1FFEFFF9DD2E9F9AFFED46620" collectionCode="R" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCode="R2" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-egg="4">
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37 oviposition slits were measured and the eggs therein were counted. The slits were
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<quantity id="16139B59FFEFFF9DD6EEF9AFFAD4672A" box="[1264,1385,1600,1627]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="3.0">3 to 8 mm</quantity>
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||
long (mean: 5,9 ± 1,
|
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<quantity id="16139B59FFEFFF9DD3F6F98CFD93670F" box="[488,558,1635,1662]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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||
) and contained a mean number of 10,3 ± 2,
|
||
<specimenCount id="C7EDFD35FFEFFF9DD62FF98CFB3E670F" box="[1073,1155,1635,1662]" count="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="egg">4 eggs</specimenCount>
|
||
. There was a linear relationship between the slits' length and the eggs they contained (y=1,7662x;
|
||
<specimenCode id="814D9EC7FFEFFF9DD6C1F968FB4067E5" box="[1247,1277,1665,1697]" collectionCode="R" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
R
|
||
<superScript id="269E9BF4FFEFFF9DD6EDF96EFB4067E5" attach="left" box="[1267,1277,1665,1684]" fontSize="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">2</superScript>
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
=0,7177; p<<0.001), corresponding to 1.8 eggs/mm in the slits. 32% to 83% of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16EB4D3FFFEFFF9DD665F945FB7267B2" box="[1147,1231,1706,1731]" class="Liliopsida" family="Juncaceae" genus="Juncus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E39FEAAEFFEFFF9DD665F945FB7267B2" box="[1147,1231,1706,1731]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Juncus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
stems in the samples contained eggs. Extrapolating from the mean length of oviposition slits in each sample and from the linear relationship between slit length and egg load, we estimated that there were ca 500 to 3,300 eggs in the samples, corresponding to a density of 6,000 to 37,000 eggs per m
|
||
<superScript id="269E9BF4FFEFFF9DD741F8E2FAD46651" attach="left" box="[1375,1385,1805,1824]" fontSize="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">2</superScript>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="9C690307FFEFFF9DD2E1F8D9FEE36620" box="[255,350,1846,1873]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="11.[247,304,186,208]" captionTargetId="graphics-29@11.[317,1315,220,555]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Table 5. Results of the field assessment of oviposition by C. viridis (La Hulpe, Belgium)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/85946634FFEEFF9CD2E9FF55FBC561A1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" tableUuid="85946634FFEEFF9CD2E9FF55FBC561A1">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="85946634FFEEFF9CD2E9FF55FBC561A1" ID-Table-UUID="85946634FFEEFF9CD2E9FF55FBC561A1" box="[247,1144,185,208]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/85946634FFEEFF9CD2E9FF55FBC561A1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[247,304,186,208]" targetBox="[337,1302,226,540]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="11" targetType="table">
|
||
<paragraph id="D15436BCFFEEFF9CD2E9FF55FBC561A1" blockId="11.[247,1144,185,208]" box="[247,1144,185,208]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Table 5. Results of the field assessment of oviposition by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16EB4D3FFFEEFF9CD122FF55FC2461BE" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[828,921,186,207]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Cicadella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E39FEAAEFFEEFF9CD122FF55FC2461BE" box="[828,921,186,207]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C. viridis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(La Hulpe, Belgium).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="D15436BCFFEEFF9CD34FFEECFAAB636D" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<table id="A3EBC41CFFEE0068D34FFF0DFAAB636D" box="[337,1302,226,540]" gridcols="7" gridrows="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<tr id="6FDB34FEFFEE0068D34FFF0DFAAB6046" box="[337,1302,226,311]" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="2C0A5D82FFEE0068D34FFF0DFE1D6046" box="[337,416,226,311]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="E39FEAAEFFEEFF9CD34FFEECFE1D6068" bold="true" box="[337,416,259,281]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Sample</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="2C0A5D82FFEE0068D3D2FF0DFDAA6046" box="[460,535,226,311]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="E39FEAAEFFEEFF9CD3D2FF09FE5B6181" bold="true" box="[460,486,226,251]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">No</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="E39FEAAEFFEEFF9CD3F2FF0AFDB56046" bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16EB4D3FFFEEFF9CD3D2FEEBFDAA6068" box="[460,535,260,281]" class="Liliopsida" family="Juncaceae" genus="Juncus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E39FEAAEFFEEFF9CD3D2FEEBFDAA6068" bold="true" box="[460,535,260,281]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Juncus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
stems
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="2C0A5D82FFEE0068D056FF0DFD116046" box="[584,684,226,311]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="E39FEAAEFFEEFF9CD056FF1AFDDF618E" bold="true" box="[584,610,241,266]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">No</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="E39FEAAEFFEEFF9CD077FF1AFD116059" bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">stems with eggs</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="2C0A5D82FFEE0068D0C8FF0DFC876046" box="[726,826,226,311]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="E39FEAAEFFEEFF9CD0C8FF1BFC876059" bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">% stems with eggs</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="2C0A5D82FFEE0068D17BFF0DFC676046" box="[869,986,226,311]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="E39FEAAEFFEEFF9CD17BFF09FC7B6046" bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Length of oviposition slits (cm)</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="2C0A5D82FFEE0068D61BFF0DFBC46046" box="[1029,1145,226,311]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="E39FEAAEFFEEFF9CD61BFF1BFBA2606C" bold="true" box="[1029,1145,244,296]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Calculated
|
||
<emphasis id="E39FEAAEFFEEFF9CD61BFEFCFBA2606C" bold="true" box="[1029,1055,271,296]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">No</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="E39FEAAEFFEEFF9CD638FEFCFBE96059" bold="true" box="[1062,1108,275,296]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">eggs</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="2C0A5D82FFEE0068D6BBFF0DFAAB6046" box="[1189,1302,226,311]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="E39FEAAEFFEEFF9CD6BBFEEBFB02607F" bold="true" box="[1189,1215,256,281]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">No</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="E39FEAAEFFEEFF9CD6DDFEEEFAA86068" bold="true" box="[1219,1301,257,281]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">eggs/m²</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6FDB34FEFFEE0068D34FFEA0FAAB6014" box="[337,1302,335,357]" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="2C0A5D82FFEE0068D34FFEA0FE1D6014" box="[337,416,335,357]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">1</th>
|
||
<td id="2C0A5D82FFEE0068D3D2FEA0FDAA6014" box="[460,535,335,357]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">106</td>
|
||
<td id="2C0A5D82FFEE0068D056FEA0FD116014" box="[584,684,335,357]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">54</td>
|
||
<td id="2C0A5D82FFEE0068D0C8FEA0FC876014" box="[726,826,335,357]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">50,9</td>
|
||
<td id="2C0A5D82FFEE0068D17BFEA0FC676014" box="[869,986,335,357]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">2.6±2</td>
|
||
<td id="2C0A5D82FFEE0068D61BFEA0FBC46014" box="[1029,1145,335,357]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">969.6</td>
|
||
<td id="2C0A5D82FFEE0068D6BBFEA0FAAB6014" box="[1189,1302,335,357]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">10 773.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6FDB34FEFFEE0068D34FFE92FAAB60E2" box="[337,1302,381,403]" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="2C0A5D82FFEE0068D34FFE92FE1D60E2" box="[337,416,381,403]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">2</th>
|
||
<td id="2C0A5D82FFEE0068D3D2FE92FDAA60E2" box="[460,535,381,403]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">151</td>
|
||
<td id="2C0A5D82FFEE0068D056FE92FD1160E2" box="[584,684,381,403]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">48</td>
|
||
<td id="2C0A5D82FFEE0068D0C8FE92FC8760E2" box="[726,826,381,403]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">31,8</td>
|
||
<td id="2C0A5D82FFEE0068D17BFE92FC6760E2" box="[869,986,381,403]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">3.3±3.2</td>
|
||
<td id="2C0A5D82FFEE0068D61BFE92FBC460E2" box="[1029,1145,381,403]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">823.0</td>
|
||
<td id="2C0A5D82FFEE0068D6BBFE92FAAB60E2" box="[1189,1302,381,403]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">9 144.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6FDB34FEFFEE0068D34FFE45FAAB60B1" box="[337,1302,426,448]" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="2C0A5D82FFEE0068D34FFE45FE1D60B1" box="[337,416,426,448]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">3</th>
|
||
<td id="2C0A5D82FFEE0068D3D2FE45FDAA60B1" box="[460,535,426,448]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">35</td>
|
||
<td id="2C0A5D82FFEE0068D056FE45FD1160B1" box="[584,684,426,448]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">29</td>
|
||
<td id="2C0A5D82FFEE0068D0C8FE45FC8760B1" box="[726,826,426,448]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">82,9</td>
|
||
<td id="2C0A5D82FFEE0068D17BFE45FC6760B1" box="[869,986,426,448]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">5±4</td>
|
||
<td id="2C0A5D82FFEE0068D61BFE45FBC460B1" box="[1029,1145,426,448]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">1 564</td>
|
||
<td id="2C0A5D82FFEE0068D6BBFE45FAAB60B1" box="[1189,1302,426,448]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">17 377.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6FDB34FEFFEE0068D34FFE38FAAB609C" box="[337,1302,471,493]" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="2C0A5D82FFEE0068D34FFE38FE1D609C" box="[337,416,471,493]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">4</th>
|
||
<td id="2C0A5D82FFEE0068D3D2FE38FDAA609C" box="[460,535,471,493]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">105</td>
|
||
<td id="2C0A5D82FFEE0068D056FE38FD11609C" box="[584,684,471,493]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">28</td>
|
||
<td id="2C0A5D82FFEE0068D0C8FE38FC87609C" box="[726,826,471,493]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">26,7</td>
|
||
<td id="2C0A5D82FFEE0068D17BFE38FC67609C" box="[869,986,471,493]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">4.6±3.8</td>
|
||
<td id="2C0A5D82FFEE0068D61BFE38FBC4609C" box="[1029,1145,471,493]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">531.6</td>
|
||
<td id="2C0A5D82FFEE0068D6BBFE38FAAB609C" box="[1189,1302,471,493]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">5 906.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6FDB34FEFFEE0068D34FFDE9FAAB636D" box="[337,1302,518,540]" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="2C0A5D82FFEE0068D34FFDE9FE1D636D" box="[337,416,518,540]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">5</th>
|
||
<td id="2C0A5D82FFEE0068D3D2FDE9FDAA636D" box="[460,535,518,540]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">91</td>
|
||
<td id="2C0A5D82FFEE0068D056FDE9FD11636D" box="[584,684,518,540]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">50</td>
|
||
<td id="2C0A5D82FFEE0068D0C8FDE9FC87636D" box="[726,826,518,540]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">54,9</td>
|
||
<td id="2C0A5D82FFEE0068D17BFDE9FC67636D" box="[869,986,518,540]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">6.8±5.7</td>
|
||
<td id="2C0A5D82FFEE0068D61BFDE9FBC4636D" box="[1029,1145,518,540]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">3 326.5</td>
|
||
<td id="2C0A5D82FFEE0068D6BBFDE9FAAB636D" box="[1189,1302,518,540]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">36 960.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D15436BCFFEEFF9CD2E9FDB7FB716300" blockId="11.[247,1228,599,625]" box="[247,1228,599,625]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="E39FEAAEFFEEFF9CD2E9FDB7FD3E6300" box="[247,643,599,625]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Parasitism by the egg-parasitoid</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16EB4D3FFFEEFF9CD094FDB8FCC96300" authorityName="Haliday" authorityYear="1833" box="[650,884,599,625]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Anagrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incarnatus">Anagrus incarnatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="E39FEAAEFFEEFF9CD165FDB8FB716300" box="[891,1228,599,625]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16EB4D3FFFEEFF9CD19AFDB8FB916300" box="[900,1068,599,625]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16EB4D3FFFEEFF9CD626FDB8FB796300" authorityName="Haliday" authorityYear="1833" box="[1080,1220,599,625]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Mymaridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D15436BCFFEEFF9CD2E9FD69FEA563B5" blockId="11.[247,1385,646,708]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Parasitism rates varied from 3.48% to 11.77% in the samples, with an average of 6.67% (
|
||
<tableCitation id="9C690307FFEEFF9CD73DFD69FEB463B5" captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="16.[247,304,1612,1634]" captionTargetId="graphics-289@16.[310,1322,1647,1928]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Table 6. Egg parasitism of Cicadella viridis by Anagrus incarnatus in three samples from La Hulpe." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/85946634FFF5FF87D2E9F9A3FB5A6713" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" tableUuid="85946634FFF5FF87D2E9F9A3FB5A6713">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |