380 lines
46 KiB
XML
380 lines
46 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="1DEA76B903F9FC08821EBE22B8D49395">A new species of tanager (Aves: Thraupidae) from the Eastern slopes of the Andes</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CB6CF280E04021D0FBD1F0683442EDE5">Cavarzere, Vagner</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F1FDFEEF97EF53955213FC0685022238">Departamento de Biodiversidade e Bioestatística, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rua Prof. Dr. Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, 18618 - 689, Botucatu, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="62B34E6B14141790BC7A631BF175BA59">Costa, Thiago Vernaschi V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="82E9FA3C4BE4A17CF2BDEC93AFEFD2DC">Instituto de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de Itajubá, Av. BPS, 1303, 37500 - 903, Itajubá, MG, Brazil. & Seção de Aves, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Nazaré, 481, 04218 - 970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7DCF65BAC2B904E447175C8DB3B8D042">Cabanne, Gustavo S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E6D94CBE789C0905C3353527FF2B6E6F" type="email">gscabanne@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="A5ED10BDE894F1394679FCB8C0592B67">Trujillo-Arias, Natalia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="5A7F4FFAB75B47F879521528C603C16B" type="email">gscabanne@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="EA4ABDD153D789035774BB048DDC99D7">Marcondes, Rafael S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BC9D16C6A5B7D970F6D0FDA39025D926">BioSciences Department, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA & Seção de Aves, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Nazaré, 481, 04218 - 970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4E460A0469AB967C48A2020060A2541B">Silveira, Luís F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E533AC424C213B68CF9084FBFE6C7FDA">Seção de Aves, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Nazaré, 481, 04218 - 970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="87BB8C32B5687C726D2F36E7E7D050A6">2024</mods:date>
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<treatment id="590C8795FFB2EB54FF59517B9AEBB0E0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12190413" ID-GBIF-Taxon="233240698" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12190413" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:590C8795FFB2EB54FF59517B9AEBB0E0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/590C8795FFB2EB54FF59517B9AEBB0E0" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="549" pageId="6" pageNumber="547">
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<taxonomicName id="16A54D00FFB2EB5AFF59517B9FC0B18D" authority="Cavarzere & Costa & Cabanne & Trujillo-Arias & Marcondes & Silveira, 2024" authorityName="Cavarzere & Costa & Cabanne & Trujillo-Arias & Marcondes & Silveira" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,467,1643,1670]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Trichothraupis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="547" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griseonota" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="E3D1EA91FFB2EB5AFF59517B9FC0B18D" bold="true" box="[151,467,1643,1670]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="547">Trichothraupis griseonota</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="D11A3683FFB2EB5AFF59519F9C00B1C5" blockId="6.[151,1427,1643,1742]" pageId="6" pageNumber="547">Proposed vernacular names: Andean Black-goggled Tanager (English); tiê-de-topete-andino (Portuguese); Frutero corona amarilla andino (Spanish).</paragraph>
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.
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a, Male.
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,
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,
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,
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<emphasis id="E3D1EA91FFB2EB5AFB0751EB9AE1B01D" box="[1225,1266,1787,1813]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="547">leg.</emphasis>
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,
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.
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.
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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asl
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.
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type:
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. Mist-netted by
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="61CD3CDEFFB2EB5AFC2550539F2BB0AE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4895515305" collectionCode="GSC" country="Bolivia" county="Iris" location="Weight" municipality="Tissue" pageId="6" pageNumber="547" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Chuquisaca" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="B7B4AE46FFB2EB5AFC2550539A36B055" box="[1003,1061,1859,1885]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/52gs-z31g" name="Geological Survey of Canada" pageId="6" pageNumber="547">GSC</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCounty id="387B4E0FFFB2EB5AFBFE50539A4AB055" box="[1072,1113,1859,1885]" pageId="6" pageNumber="547">Iris</collectingCounty>
|
||
: brown, bill black, mandible light gray, feet gray.
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="317EACF9FFB2EB5AFE4E50779FDBB089" box="[384,456,1895,1921]" pageId="6" pageNumber="547">Tissue</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
sample MACNCTOR 6286.
|
||
<location id="D47A6058FFB2EB5AFCDD50779D7BB089" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:590C8795FFB2EB54FF59517B9AEBB0E0:D47A6058FFB2EB5AFCDD50779D7BB089" box="[787,872,1895,1921]" country="Bolivia" county="Iris" municipality="Tissue" name="Weight" pageId="6" pageNumber="547" stateProvince="Chuquisaca">Weight</location>
|
||
: 21.75 g, skull ossification 100 %, bursa 3x
|
||
<quantity id="165D9B66FFB2EB5AFA9B50779B8BB08A" box="[1365,1432,1895,1922]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="547" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
, testis 4x
|
||
<quantity id="165D9B66FFB2EB5AFF3B509B9F2BB0AE" box="[245,312,1931,1958]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="547" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="61CD3CDEFFB2EB5AFE8C509B9B8AB0AE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4895515304" box="[322,1433,1931,1958]" collectingDate="1916-07-30" collectionCode="MACN" collectorName="J. Steinbach" country="Bolivia" elevation="450" location="Buenavista" municipality="Female." pageId="6" pageNumber="547" specimenCode="MACN 8979" specimenCount="450" stateProvince="Santa Cruz" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="81039EF8FFB2EB5AFE8C509B9FC4B0AD" box="[322,471,1931,1957]" collectionCode="MACN" country="Argentina" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pyng-6456" name="Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia" pageId="6" pageNumber="547" type="Museum">MACN 8979</specimenCode>
|
||
b,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="317EACF9FFB2EB5AFE3F509B9C58B0AD" box="[497,587,1931,1957]" pageId="6" pageNumber="547">Female.</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A9B27613FFB2EB5AFD9C509B9CDBB0AD" box="[594,712,1931,1957]" name="Bolivia" pageId="6" pageNumber="547">BOLIVIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="D47A6058FFB2EB5AFD1D509B9D41B0AD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:590C8795FFB2EB54FF59517B9AEBB0E0:D47A6058FFB2EB5AFD1D509B9D41B0AD" box="[723,850,1931,1957]" country="Bolivia" municipality="Female." name="Buenavista" pageId="6" pageNumber="547" stateProvince="Santa Cruz">Buenavista</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1361F861FFB2EB5AFC93509B9DC8B0AD" box="[861,987,1931,1957]" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="6" pageNumber="547">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="A51B1043FFB2EB5AFC29509B9A68B0AD" box="[999,1147,1931,1957]" pageId="6" pageNumber="547" value="1916-07-30">
|
||
<collectingDate id="B55FE9ABFFB2EB5AFC29509B9A68B0AD" box="[999,1147,1931,1957]" pageId="6" pageNumber="547" value="1916-07-30">30 July 1916</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="7C505355FFB2EB5AFB48509C9B1FB0AD" box="[1158,1292,1931,1958]" pageId="6" pageNumber="547">J. Steinbach</collectorName>
|
||
<emphasis id="E3D1EA91FFB2EB5AFADA509B9B2EB0AD" box="[1300,1341,1931,1957]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="547">leg.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="C7A3FD0AFFB2EB5AFA85509B9B8AB0AE" box="[1355,1433,1931,1958]" count="450" pageId="6" pageNumber="547" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="165D9B66FFB2EB5AFA85509B9B86B0AE" box="[1355,1429,1931,1958]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="547" unit="m" value="450.0">
|
||
<elevation id="5A88D1B0FFB2EB5AFA85509B9B86B0AE" box="[1355,1429,1931,1958]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="547" unit="m" value="450.0">450 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="99BF6508FFB2EB5AFF0950BF9FF6B0E5" pageId="6" pageNumber="547" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="D11A3683FFB2EB5AFF0950BF9FF6B0E5" blockId="6.[151,1436,1787,2030]" pageId="6" pageNumber="547">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3D1EA91FFB2EB5AFF0950BF9F5DB0C1" bold="true" box="[199,334,1967,1993]" pageId="6" pageNumber="547">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
From Latin
|
||
<emphasis id="E3D1EA91FFB2EB5AFE2450A09C23B0C1" box="[490,560,1968,1993]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="547">griseo</emphasis>
|
||
(gray) and
|
||
<emphasis id="E3D1EA91FFB2EB5AFD0F50A09CE0B0C1" box="[705,755,1968,1993]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="547">nota</emphasis>
|
||
(mark), highlighting one of the most distinctive plumage characters of the new species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="85DA660BFFB3EB5BFF59524C9B42B27E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12189263" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12189263" box="[151,1361,1372,1398]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12189263/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="548" startId="7.[151,260,1372,1398]" targetBox="[350,1240,184,1348]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="D11A3683FFB3EB5BFF59524C9B42B27E" blockId="7.[151,1361,1372,1398]" box="[151,1361,1372,1398]" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3D1EA91FFB3EB5BFF59524C9F33B27E" bold="true" box="[151,288,1372,1398]" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16A54D00FFB3EB5BFEE9524C9C53B27E" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[295,576,1372,1398]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Trichothraupis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanops">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3D1EA91FFB3EB5BFEE9524C9C53B27E" box="[295,576,1372,1398]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">Trichothraupis melanops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(above) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16A54D00FFB3EB5BFD1D524D9D75B27E" authority="Cavarzere & Costa & Cabanne & Trujillo-Arias & Marcondes & Silveira, 2024" authorityName="Cavarzere & Costa & Cabanne & Trujillo-Arias & Marcondes & Silveira" authorityYear="2024" box="[723,870,1373,1398]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Trichothraupis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griseonota" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3D1EA91FFB3EB5BFD1D524D9D75B27E" box="[723,870,1373,1398]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">T. griseonota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="E3D1EA91FFB3EB5BFCA3524C9DD4B27E" bold="true" box="[877,967,1372,1398]" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F8E257EAFFB3EB5BFCA3524C9DD4B27E" box="[877,967,1372,1398]" pageId="7" pageNumber="548" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(below). Plate by Eduardo Brettas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="99BF6508FFB3EB5BFF0952D89AF0B0D2" pageId="7" pageNumber="548" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="D11A3683FFB3EB5BFF0952D89AF0B0D2" blockId="7.[151,1437,1480,2010]" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3D1EA91FFB3EB5BFF0952D89F51B2EA" bold="true" box="[199,322,1480,1506]" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Four fixed plumage traits and one morphometric trait diagnose
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16A54D00FFB3EB5BFBD852D89B2FB2EA" authorityName="Cavarzere & Costa & Cabanne & Trujillo-Arias & Marcondes & Silveira" authorityYear="2024" box="[1046,1340,1480,1506]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Trichothraupis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griseonota">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3D1EA91FFB3EB5BFBD852D89B2FB2EA" box="[1046,1340,1480,1506]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">Trichothraupis griseonota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from its sister species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16A54D00FFB3EB5BFEF852FD9FA8B10E" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[310,443,1516,1542]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Trichothraupis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanops">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3D1EA91FFB3EB5BFEF852FD9FA8B10E" box="[310,443,1516,1542]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">T. melanops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The first and most noteworthy is the black facial mask. In the new species, it includes the auricular region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="499E2A06FFB3EB5BFE9851009F8BB122" box="[342,408,1552,1578]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,260,1515,1541]" captionTargetBox="[466,1121,179,1491]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[466,1121,179,1491]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Dorsal (a), ventral (b), and lateral (c) views of males of the Atlantic (LSUMZ 53115, Itapetininga, Brazil; above) and Andean (LSUMZ 171459, Samipata, Bolivia; below) populations of Trichothraupis melanops." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12189251" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12189251/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="499E2A06FFB3EB5BFE6A51009FE6B122" box="[420,501,1552,1578]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,260,851,877]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,188,818]" captionTargetId="figure-21@6.[151,1436,179,827]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Principal Component Analysis of Atlantic Forest (orange) and Andean (green) populations of Trichothraupis melanops. No morphometric segregation was found for males (A) or females (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12189259" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12189259/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">Fig. S3</figureCitation>
|
||
), whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16A54D00FFB3EB5BFD4851019D18B122" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[646,779,1552,1578]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Trichothraupis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanops">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3D1EA91FFB3EB5BFD4851019D18B122" box="[646,779,1552,1578]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">T. melanops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
this mask is only a narrow line behind the eye, not reaching the auriculars. In a few Atlantic specimens (AMNH 774505, LSUMZ 59405, MZUSP 27851) there is some black in the auriculars, but in those cases, it is mixed with green, producing a mottled appearance, unlike the homogeneous black in
|
||
<emphasis id="E3D1EA91FFB3EB5BFF32516D9F89B19E" box="[252,410,1661,1686]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16A54D00FFB3EB5BFF32516D9F86B19E" authorityName="Cavarzere & Costa & Cabanne & Trujillo-Arias & Marcondes & Silveira" authorityYear="2024" box="[252,405,1661,1686]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Trichothraupis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griseonota">T. griseonota</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A second diagnostic character is the paler underparts of adult males and females. This is especially evident in the undertail coverts, which are a cream color to buff-yellow in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16A54D00FFB3EB5BFB8F51B19AC0B1B2" authorityName="Cavarzere & Costa & Cabanne & Trujillo-Arias & Marcondes & Silveira" authorityYear="2024" box="[1089,1235,1697,1722]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Trichothraupis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griseonota">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3D1EA91FFB3EB5BFB8F51B19AC0B1B2" box="[1089,1235,1697,1722]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">T. griseonota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, versus cinnamon in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16A54D00FFB3EB5BFF7A51D59F29B1D6" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[180,314,1732,1758]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Trichothraupis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanops">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3D1EA91FFB3EB5BFF7A51D59F29B1D6" box="[180,314,1732,1758]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">T. melanops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and in the chest, in which both species have a more orange tone than in the belly, but less distinctly so in the new species, where the color of the chest is more buff-yellow, versus buff in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16A54D00FFB3EB5BFBA451F99AE1B00A" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[1130,1266,1768,1794]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Trichothraupis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanops">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3D1EA91FFB3EB5BFBA451F99AE1B00A" box="[1130,1266,1768,1794]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">T. melanops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="499E2A06FFB3EB5BFACC51F89B56B00A" box="[1282,1349,1768,1794]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,260,1515,1541]" captionTargetBox="[466,1121,179,1491]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[466,1121,179,1491]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Dorsal (a), ventral (b), and lateral (c) views of males of the Atlantic (LSUMZ 53115, Itapetininga, Brazil; above) and Andean (LSUMZ 171459, Samipata, Bolivia; below) populations of Trichothraupis melanops." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12189251" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12189251/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Adult females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16A54D00FFB3EB5BFEDA501D9FBBB02E" authorityName="Cavarzere & Costa & Cabanne & Trujillo-Arias & Marcondes & Silveira" authorityYear="2024" box="[276,424,1805,1830]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Trichothraupis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griseonota">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3D1EA91FFB3EB5BFEDA501D9FBBB02E" box="[276,424,1805,1830]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">T. griseonota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are also somewhat paler in the underparts than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16A54D00FFB3EB5BFC10501D9A77B02E" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[990,1124,1804,1830]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Trichothraupis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanops">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3D1EA91FFB3EB5BFC10501D9A77B02E" box="[990,1124,1804,1830]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">T. melanops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the difference is not as pronounced as in males, and sexual dimorphism of plumage color in the underparts is more evident in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16A54D00FFB3EB5BFAC450219B8FB042" authorityName="Cavarzere & Costa & Cabanne & Trujillo-Arias & Marcondes & Silveira" authorityYear="2024" box="[1290,1436,1841,1866]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Trichothraupis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griseonota">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3D1EA91FFB3EB5BFAC450219B8FB042" box="[1290,1436,1841,1866]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">T. griseonota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16A54D00FFB3EB5BFF2350459F67B066" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[237,372,1876,1902]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Trichothraupis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanops">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3D1EA91FFB3EB5BFF2350459F67B066" box="[237,372,1876,1902]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">T. melanops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The third plumage characteristic is the color of the back of adult males, which is greyer in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16A54D00FFB3EB5BFA4650459F1CB09A" authorityName="Cavarzere & Costa & Cabanne & Trujillo-Arias & Marcondes & Silveira" authorityYear="2024" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Trichothraupis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griseonota">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3D1EA91FFB3EB5BFA4650459F1CB09A" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">T. griseonota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, versus being more greenish-olive in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16A54D00FFB3EB5BFD7450699D52B09A" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[698,833,1912,1938]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Trichothraupis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanops">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3D1EA91FFB3EB5BFD7450699D52B09A" box="[698,833,1912,1938]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">T. melanops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="499E2A06FFB3EB5BFC9C50689D85B09A" box="[850,918,1912,1938]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,260,1515,1541]" captionTargetBox="[466,1121,179,1491]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[466,1121,179,1491]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Dorsal (a), ventral (b), and lateral (c) views of males of the Atlantic (LSUMZ 53115, Itapetininga, Brazil; above) and Andean (LSUMZ 171459, Samipata, Bolivia; below) populations of Trichothraupis melanops." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12189251" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12189251/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="499E2A06FFB3EB5BFC6B50689DEAB09A" box="[933,1017,1912,1938]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,260,851,877]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,188,818]" captionTargetId="figure-21@6.[151,1436,179,827]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Principal Component Analysis of Atlantic Forest (orange) and Andean (green) populations of Trichothraupis melanops. No morphometric segregation was found for males (A) or females (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12189259" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12189259/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">Fig. S3</figureCitation>
|
||
). The last character in which the two species differ is the breast coloration of females, which is subtly but consistently darker in Atlantic populations (
|
||
<figureCitation id="499E2A06FFB3EB5BFAA1508C9EBBB0D2" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,260,1941,1967]" captionTargetBox="[215,1373,179,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[215,1373,179,1917]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dorsal (a) and ventral (b) views of females of the Atlantic (LSUMZ 53117, Salesópolis, Brazil; above) and Andean (LSUMZ 90992, Serranía Bellavista, Bolivia; below) populations of Trichothraupis melanops." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12189255" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12189255/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16A54D00FFB3EB5BFF7350D09FF1B0D2" authorityName="Cavarzere & Costa & Cabanne & Trujillo-Arias & Marcondes & Silveira" authorityYear="2024" box="[189,482,1984,2010]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Trichothraupis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griseonota">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3D1EA91FFB3EB5BFF7350D09FF1B0D2" box="[189,482,1984,2010]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">Trichothraupis griseonota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also has significantly shorter tarsi compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16A54D00FFB3EB5BFC3450D19A92B0D2" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[1018,1153,1984,2010]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Trichothraupis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanops">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3D1EA91FFB3EB5BFC3450D19A92B0D2" box="[1018,1153,1984,2010]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">T. melanops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="499E2A06FFB3EB5BFB5E50D09AC5B0D2" box="[1168,1238,1984,2010]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,260,1372,1398]" captionTargetBox="[350,1240,184,1348]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[346,1241,179,1348]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Trichothraupis melanops (above) and T. griseonota sp. nov. (below). Plate by Eduardo Brettas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12189263" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12189263/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="548">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="85DA660BFFBCEB54FF5953599AA9B3A4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12189265" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12189265" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12189265/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" startId="8.[151,260,1097,1123]" targetBox="[151,1436,179,1073]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="D11A3683FFBCEB54FF5953599AA9B3A4" blockId="8.[151,1437,1097,1196]" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3D1EA91FFBCEB54FF5953599F33B36C" bold="true" box="[151,288,1097,1124]" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16A54D00FFBCEB54FE1F535A9CFAB36C" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[465,745,1098,1124]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Trichothraupis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanops">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3D1EA91FFBCEB54FE1F535A9CFAB36C" box="[465,745,1098,1124]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">Trichothraupis melanops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(orange) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16A54D00FFBCEB54FC4D535A9A05B36B" authority="Cavarzere & Costa & Cabanne & Trujillo-Arias & Marcondes & Silveira, 2024" authorityName="Cavarzere & Costa & Cabanne & Trujillo-Arias & Marcondes & Silveira" authorityYear="2024" box="[899,1046,1098,1123]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Trichothraupis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griseonota" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3D1EA91FFBCEB54FC4D535A9A05B36B" box="[899,1046,1098,1123]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">T. griseonota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="E3D1EA91FFBCEB54FBD2535A9A66B36C" bold="true" box="[1052,1141,1098,1124]" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F8E257EAFFBCEB54FBD2535A9A66B36C" box="[1052,1141,1098,1124]" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(green) in South America. Squares represent museum specimens and circles are recordings. A diamond indicates the type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16A54D00FFBCEB54FA46537E9F1CB3A3" authorityName="Cavarzere & Costa & Cabanne & Trujillo-Arias & Marcondes & Silveira" authorityYear="2024" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Trichothraupis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griseonota">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3D1EA91FFBCEB54FA46537E9F1CB3A3" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">T. griseonota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; there is no type locality for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16A54D00FFBCEB54FD9D53829CC9B3A4" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[595,730,1170,1196]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Trichothraupis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanops">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3D1EA91FFBCEB54FD9D53829CC9B3A4" box="[595,730,1170,1196]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">T. melanops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. South America is represented in the inset.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="99BF6508FFBCEB54FF0953ED9DF2B03C" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="D11A3683FFBCEB54FF0953ED9B32B11C" blockId="8.[151,1437,1277,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3D1EA91FFBCEB54FF0953ED9FF5B210" bold="true" box="[199,486,1277,1304]" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="0E1E8821FFBCEB54FEB653EE9FF2B210" box="[376,481,1278,1304]" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The front, loral, superciliary, and auricular regions are black; the nape is also black, slightly streaked above The throat, chest, belly, and undertail coverts are pale brown, light olive-brown in the lateral chest. The crown to the nape is yellow. The back is dark olive grey (M5Y-3/2). The upper wing coverts, remiges, and rectrices are dark brown, with white underwing coverts. The base of primaries 2–7 shows a white middle band occupying the inner web of the feather, while the two outer primary feathers do not have white bands. The white band also occurs on the secondary feathers. The maxilla is greenish-black, while the mandible is black at the base. The feet are olive-brown. Total length:
|
||
<quantity id="165D9B66FFBCEB54FD9B52C69CA5B2F8" box="[597,694,1494,1520]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.61" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" unit="mm" value="161.0">161 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Bill length: 12.24 mm, 8.99 mm from nares to the tip; bill width 4.40 mm, height 5.34 mm. Wing chord (unflattened): 83.2 mm; tarsus length: 17.25, and tail 78.55 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D11A3683FFBCEB54FF09510D9DF2B03C" blockId="8.[151,1437,1277,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3D1EA91FFBCEB54FF09510D9C61B130" bold="true" box="[199,626,1565,1592]" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">
|
||
Description of the female
|
||
<typeStatus id="0E1E8821FFBCEB54FE31510E9C7FB130" box="[511,620,1566,1592]" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The forehead, nape, loral, crown, superciliary, and auricular region are olive. The throat, breast, and belly are pale brown. The lateral breast is light olive brown, and the undertail coverts are like the lateral breast. The back is grayish-olive, while the upper wing coverts, flight feathers, and tail are dark brown, and underwing coverts are white. The bases of the primaries (2–7) and the secondaries have a white middle band on the inner web of the feather, lacking in the two outer primary feathers. The feet are olive brown. Total length:
|
||
<quantity id="165D9B66FFBCEB54FF2251C29F5EB1E4" box="[236,333,1746,1772]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.68" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" unit="mm" value="168.0">168 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Bill length: 11.76 mm. Bill length from nares to the tip: 9.00 mm, bill width 5.06 mm, bill height 5.75 mm. Wing chord (unflattened): 79.56 mm, tarsus 17.90 mm, and tail length 79.84 mm. The bill is greenish-black, and the mandible is black at the base, with a light brownish-gray tip.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="99BF6508FFBCEB54FF09502D9AEBB0E0" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="D11A3683FFBCEB54FF09502D9AEBB0E0" blockId="8.[151,1437,1277,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3D1EA91FFBCEB54FF09502D9F72B05F" bold="true" box="[199,353,1853,1879]" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16A54D00FFBCEB54FEA6502E9C9DB05F" authorityName="Cavarzere & Costa & Cabanne & Trujillo-Arias & Marcondes & Silveira" authorityYear="2024" box="[360,654,1854,1880]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Trichothraupis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="549" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griseonota">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3D1EA91FFBCEB54FEA6502E9C9DB05F" box="[360,654,1854,1880]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">Trichothraupis griseonota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is restricted to the eastern slope of the Andes of central and southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A9B27613FFBCEB54FF5950729EDEB074" box="[151,205,1890,1916]" name="Peru" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A9B27613FFBCEB54FF1650729F3EB074" box="[216,301,1890,1916]" name="Bolivia" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and northwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A9B27613FFBCEB54FE3350729C7FB074" box="[509,620,1890,1916]" name="Argentina" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="499E2A06FFBCEB54FDB550729CADB074" box="[635,702,1889,1916]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,260,1097,1123]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1073]" captionTargetId="figure-21@8.[151,1436,179,1073]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Distribution of Trichothraupis melanops (orange) and T. griseonota sp. nov. (green) in South America. Squares represent museum specimens and circles are recordings. A diamond indicates the type locality of T. griseonota; there is no type locality for T. melanops. South America is represented in the inset." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12189265" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12189265/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). It inhabits the Seasonal Dry Tucumano-Boliviano Forests which are confined to the northwestern Argentinean Andean forests and foothills north to central and southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A9B27613FFBCEB54FADC50969B7BB0A8" box="[1298,1384,1926,1952]" name="Bolivia" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The species also occurs along a narrow strip of Yungas Forests in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A9B27613FFBCEB54FC7650BA9A19B0CC" box="[952,1034,1962,1988]" name="Bolivia" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A9B27613FFBCEB54FB8D50BA9A6AB0CC" box="[1091,1145,1962,1988]" name="Peru" pageId="8" pageNumber="549">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
, at the base of the Andes. These montane forests exhibit higher moisture levels compared to the Tucumano-Boliviano Forests.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |