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<document id="4BA0D18012E4C5053B5B7A9590E6E14B" ID-CLB-Dataset="8160" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.4545052" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0540f87c-c902-4df5-acd4-51801c9531bd" ID-Handle="2246/1634/B237-0004" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4545052" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1613519208580" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Simmons, Nancy B. &amp; Voss, Robert S." docDate="1998" docId="4F19FC10FF15FF2CFF412709FDAF8CAA" docLanguage="en" docName="B237-0004.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 237" docStyle="DocumentStyle:25EFC9A7B3A675566A5530656FFE3DF4.1:BulAmeMusNatHis.2000-2010.chapters" docStyleId="25EFC9A7B3A675566A5530656FFE3DF4" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2000-2010.chapters" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Eptesicus chiriquinus Thomas" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="140" masterDocId="B3208468FF93FFA0FFF22212FF8B893B" masterDocTitle="The mammals of Paracou, French Guiana, a Neotropical lowland rainforest fauna. Part 1, Bats" masterLastPageNumber="219" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="134" updateTime="1698929808253" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="C98DE7DB85443AA5D3A8DBC20E99DC75">The mammals of Paracou, French Guiana, a Neotropical lowland rainforest fauna. Part 1, Bats</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="10AD0B0671D9BB638232A004E5B66903">Simmons, Nancy B.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="024536E866DF50108F2B2B10F86F8A25">Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C26E73E37D585BA693939F6DF3580433">Voss, Robert S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="17D55E25E2BF44DFA75AF6487329B80C">Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="7702587E31F3A1DA007B869C96944D2B">1998</mods:date>
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<treatment id="4F19FC10FF15FF2CFF412709FDAF8CAA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4618156" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177422432" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4618156" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4F19FC10FF15FF2CFF412709FDAF8CAA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4F19FC10FF15FF2CFF412709FDAF8CAA" lastPageId="140" lastPageNumber="140" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">
<subSubSection id="8FAA1E8DFF15FF26FF412709FD938C09" box="[179,536,1307,1330]" pageId="134" pageNumber="134" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF15FF26FF412709FD938C09" blockId="134.[179,536,1307,1359]" box="[179,536,1307,1330]" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">
<heading id="9C47FA6AFF15FF26FF412709FD938C09" box="[179,536,1307,1330]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="134" pageNumber="134" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF15FF26FF412709FD938C09" ID-CoL="7TKKY" authority="Thomas" authorityName="Thomas" box="[179,536,1307,1330]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiriquinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF15FF26FF412709FE3B8C09" box="[179,432,1307,1330]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">Eptesicus chiriquinus</emphasis>
Thomas
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="8FAA1E8DFF15FF26FED3272EFE218C74" box="[289,426,1340,1359]" pageId="134" pageNumber="134" type="description">
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF15FF26FED3272EFE218C74" blockId="134.[179,536,1307,1359]" box="[289,426,1340,1359]" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">
<figureCitation id="5F8B5183FF15FF26FED3272EFE0C8C74" box="[289,391,1340,1359]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="135.[154,192,1515,1536]" captionTargetBox="[215,1152,212,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-12@135.[203,1158,208,1493]" captionTargetPageId="135" captionText="Fig. 55. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of the skull of the holotype of Eptesicus andinus (AMNH 33807; male) from Colombia. Dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views of the skull of E. chiriquinus (AMNH 267234; male) from Paracou. E. chiriquinus has a consistently larger and more heavily built skull than does E. andinus. Also note the flattened, triangular bony plate at the intersection of the sagittal and nuchal crests in andinus, a structure never present in chiriquinus. Scale bars = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4545170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4545170/files/figure.png" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">Figures 55</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="5F8B5183FF15FF26FE61272EFE218C74" box="[403,426,1340,1359]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="136.[120,158,1437,1458]" captionTargetBox="[258,1041,213,1386]" captionTargetId="figure-16@136.[248,1043,208,1389]" captionTargetPageId="136" captionText="Fig. 56. Lateral views of the skull and lower jaw of (A) the holotype of Eptesicus andinus (AMNH 33807; male) and (B) E. chiriquinus from Paracou (AMNH 267234; male). Note the species difference in development of the sagittal crest. Scale bars = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4545172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4545172/files/figure.png" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">56</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8FAA1E8DFF15FF26FF89277EFDD28CE0" pageId="134" pageNumber="134" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF15FF26FF89277EFDD28CE0" blockId="134.[94,622,1388,1763]" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">
VOUCHER MATERIAL:
<materialsCitation id="77D8475BFF15FF26FE76277EFDD28CE0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3037467366" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">2 females (AMNH *267531, *268584) and 4 males (AMNH *267234, *267530; MNHN *1995.961, 1995.962); see table 52 for measurements.</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF15FF26FD47279CFB0D8FD9" blockId="134.[670,1199,1422,1762]" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">
<superScript id="30C5E04EFF15FF26FD47279CFD488CA2" attach="right" box="[693,707,1422,1433]" fontSize="5" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">13</superScript>
We examined dark, long­furred specimens of
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF15FF26FB7E279DFD568C86" authorityName=", Davis" authorityYear="1966" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF15FF26FB7E279DFD568C86" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">Eptesicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, clearly referable to Davis’
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF15FF26FC1E27B8FBBE8C86" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1914" box="[1004,1077,1450,1469]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF15FF26FC1E27B8FBBE8C86" box="[1004,1077,1450,1469]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">andinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, from lowland areas of Brazil (
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF15FF26FC7827D7FC628CE3" box="[906,1001,1477,1496]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">Amazonas</emphasis>
, Rio Madeira, Santo Antonio do Guajará [ca. 25 m]: AMNH 92251, 93787), French Guiana (Paracou [ca. 30 m]: AMNH 267234, 267530, 267531, 268584; MNHN 1995.961, 1995.962), and Panama (
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF15FF26FCD0243DFCFC8F79" box="[802,887,1583,1602]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">San Blas</emphasis>
, Armila, Quebrada Venado [sea level]: USNM 335411). In addition, unambiguous descriptions of
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF15FF26FCD62477FCE68F43" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1914" box="[804,877,1637,1656]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF15FF26FCD62477FCE68F43" box="[804,877,1637,1656]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">andinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
­group specimens have been reported in the literature from a lowland site in Venezuela (
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF15FF26FD572488FD608F96" box="[677,747,1690,1709]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">Bolívar</emphasis>
, Imataca Forest Reserve [180 m];
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF15FF26FBC42488FD468FF3" author="Ochoa, J. &amp; P. J. Soliano &amp; D. Lew &amp; M. Ojeda" journalOrPublisher="Mammalia" pageId="134" pageNumber="134" pagination="393 - 400" part="57" refId="ref98726" refString="Ochoa, J., P. J. Soliano, D. Lew, and M. Ojeda 1993. Taxonomic and distributional notes on some bats and rodents from Venezuela. Mammalia 57: 393 - 400." title="Taxonomic and distributional notes on some bats and rodents from Venezuela" type="journal article" year="1993">Ochoa et al., 1993</bibRefCitation>
) and another in French Guiana (Piste Saint­Élie [ca. 45 m];
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF15FF26FCFD24DDFBF08FD9" author="Brosset, A. &amp; P. Charles-Dominique" box="[783,1147,1743,1762]" journalOrPublisher="Mammalia" pageId="134" pageNumber="134" pagination="509 - 559" part="54" refId="ref91807" refString="Brosset, A., and P. Charles-Dominique 1990. The bats from French Guiana: a taxonomic, faunistic and ecological approach. Mammalia 54: 509 - 559." title="The bats from French Guiana: a taxonomic, faunistic and ecological approach" type="journal article" year="1990">Brosset and Charles­Dominique, 1990</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="8FAA1E8DFF15FF2CFF8927F3FE3F8AA4" lastPageId="140" lastPageNumber="140" pageId="134" pageNumber="134" type="description">
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF15FF26FF8927F3FC72887C" blockId="134.[94,622,1388,1763]" lastBlockId="134.[670,1198,214,1372]" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">
IDENTIFICATION: In his revision of the South American species of
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF15FF26FE5827EDFF208F08" authority=", Davis (1966)" authorityName=", Davis" authorityYear="1966" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF15FF26FE5827EDFD928F2D" box="[426,537,1535,1558]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">Eptesicus</emphasis>
, Davis (1966)
</taxonomicName>
recognized an
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF15FF26FE94240EFE498F08" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1914" box="[358,450,1564,1587]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF15FF26FE94240EFE498F08" box="[358,450,1564,1587]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">andinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group of species with long blackish fur. Several taxa were included in this complex:
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF15FF26FE4C2445FF258FB0" authority="Allen (1914)" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1914" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF15FF26FE4C2445FD918F55" box="[446,538,1623,1646]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">andinus</emphasis>
Allen (1914)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF15FF26FF312466FDAC8FB0" authority="Thomas (1920 b)" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1920" box="[195,551,1652,1675]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiriquinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF15FF26FF312466FECC8FB0" box="[195,327,1652,1675]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">chiriquinus</emphasis>
Thomas (1920b)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF15FF26FDCE2466FEAF8F93" authority="Thomas (1920 b)" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1920" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Choeronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inca">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF15FF26FDCE2466FDE58FB0" box="[572,622,1652,1675]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">inca</emphasis>
Thomas (1920b)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF15FF26FEC12483FDE68F93" authority="Thomas (1920 b)" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1920" box="[307,621,1681,1704]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montosus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF15FF26FEC12483FE2A8F93" box="[307,417,1681,1704]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">montosus</emphasis>
Thomas (1920b)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF15FF26FF6524BDFE608FFE" authority="Anthony (1926)" authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1926" box="[151,491,1710,1734]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiralensis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF15FF26FF6524BDFE9C8FFD" box="[151,279,1711,1734]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">chiralensis</emphasis>
Anthony (1926)
</taxonomicName>
. Of these, Davis considered
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF15FF26FEC124DEFEEE8FD8" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1920" box="[307,357,1740,1763]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Choeronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inca">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF15FF26FEC124DEFEEE8FD8" box="[307,357,1740,1763]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">inca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF15FF26FE5624DEFDA38FD8" box="[420,552,1740,1763]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiriquinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF15FF26FE5624DEFDA38FD8" box="[420,552,1740,1763]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">chiriquinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be strict junior synonyms of
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF15FF26FC1F22C5FBF889D5" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1914" box="[1005,1139,214,238]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF15FF26FC1F22C5FC7489D5" box="[1005,1023,215,238]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF15FF26FBE522C5FBF889D5" box="[1047,1139,215,238]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">andinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the larger of the two species he recognized; the smaller species,
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF15FF26FC962300FC7E8812" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1920" box="[868,1013,274,297]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montosus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF15FF26FC962300FCFD8812" box="[868,886,274,297]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF15FF26FC752300FC7E8812" box="[903,1013,274,297]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">montosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, included
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF15FF26FB872300FD64887C" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiralensis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF15FF26FB872300FD64887C" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">chiralensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a valid subspecies.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF15FF26FD49235CFD588D74" blockId="134.[670,1198,214,1372]" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF15FF26FD49235CFC0E885E" author="Koopman, K. F." bookContentInfo="33 pp." box="[699,901,334,357]" journalOrPublisher="Am. Mus. Novitates 2651" pageId="134" pageNumber="134" refId="ref96596" refString="Koopman, K. F. 1978. Zoogeography of Peruvian bats with special emphasis on the role of the Andes. Am. Mus. Novitates 2651: 33 pp." title="Zoogeography of Peruvian bats with special emphasis on the role of the Andes" type="book" year="1978">Koopman (1978)</bibRefCitation>
disagreed, claiming that the long­haired forms of Neotropical
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF15FF26FB96237EFD46889A" authorityName=", Davis" authorityYear="1966" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF15FF26FB96237EFD46889A" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">Eptesicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are restricted to cool highland areas, whereas the short­haired forms occur in the warm lowlands. By his interpretation, the long­haired taxa are local variants of shorthaired species that have adapted to cooler conditions at higher elevations. Accordingly,
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF15FF26FD6C202FFCE28B6F" author="Koopman, K. F." bookContentInfo="33 pp." box="[670,873,573,596]" journalOrPublisher="Am. Mus. Novitates 2651" pageId="134" pageNumber="134" refId="ref96596" refString="Koopman, K. F. 1978. Zoogeography of Peruvian bats with special emphasis on the role of the Andes. Am. Mus. Novitates 2651: 33 pp." title="Zoogeography of Peruvian bats with special emphasis on the role of the Andes" type="book" year="1978">Koopman (1978</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF15FF26FC72202FFC368B6F" author="Koopman, K. F." box="[896,957,573,596]" editor="D. E. Wilson &amp; D. M. Reeder" journalOrPublisher="Washington, DC: Smithson. Inst. Press" pageId="134" pageNumber="134" refId="ref96667" refString="1993. Order Chiroptera. In D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder (eds.), Mammal species of the World, a taxonomic and geographic reference, 2 nd ed.: 137 - 241. Washington, DC: Smithson. Inst. Press." title="Order Chiroptera" type="book" volumeTitle="Mammal species of the World, a taxonomic and geographic reference, 2 nd" year="1993">1993</bibRefCitation>
, 1994) treated the members of Davis’ (1966)
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF15FF26FC112049FBB48B49" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1914" box="[995,1087,603,626]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF15FF26FC112049FBB48B49" box="[995,1087,603,626]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">andinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group as subspecies of nomenclaturally older shorthaired species based on size, assigning
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF15FF26FB752085FD568BF0" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1914" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF15FF26FB752085FD568BF0" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">andinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF15FF26FCFD20A6FC378BF0" baseAuthorityName="Desmarest" baseAuthorityYear="1819" box="[783,956,692,715]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF15FF26FCFD20A6FCAA8BF0" box="[783,801,692,715]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF15FF26FCC420A6FC378BF0" box="[822,956,692,715]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF15FF26FBFB20A6FBFC8BF0" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1920" box="[1033,1143,692,715]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montosus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF15FF26FBFB20A6FBFC8BF0" box="[1033,1143,692,715]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">montosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF15FF26FD6C20C0FC958BD2" box="[670,798,722,745]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiralensis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF15FF26FD6C20C0FC958BD2" box="[670,798,722,745]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">chiralensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF15FF26FCBF20C0FC5E8BD2" box="[845,981,722,745]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="furinalis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF15FF26FCBF20C0FCD48BD2" box="[845,863,722,745]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF15FF26FC8020C0FC5E8BD2" box="[882,981,722,745]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">furinalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, Koopman’s adaptive scenario concerning hair length is refuted by the occurrence of longhaired
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF15FF26FD1D213EFCD58A78" authorityName=", Davis" authorityYear="1966" box="[751,862,812,835]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF15FF26FD1D213EFCD58A78" box="[751,862,812,835]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">Eptesicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—clearly referable to Davis’
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF15FF26FD6C2158FD718A5A" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1914" box="[670,762,842,865]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF15FF26FD6C2158FD718A5A" box="[670,762,842,865]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">andinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group—in lowland areas of Brazil, Panama, Venezuela, and French Guiana.
<superScript id="30C5E04EFF15FF26FB892174FB078A4F" attach="left" box="[1147,1164,870,884]" fontSize="6" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">13</superScript>
In addition, the sympatric occurrence in northeastern Venezuela of
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF15FF26FC5A21B1FBDF8A81" baseAuthorityName="Desmarest" baseAuthorityYear="1819" box="[936,1108,931,954]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF15FF26FC5A21B1FC318A81" box="[936,954,931,954]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF15FF26FC3C21B1FBDF8A81" box="[974,1108,931,954]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF15FF26FB9A21B1FD618AE3" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="furinalis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF15FF26FB9A21B1FBF18A81" box="[1128,1146,931,954]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF15FF26FB7F21B1FD618AE3" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">furinalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and a third species that
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF15FF26FBEF21D3FD678ACD" author="Ochoa, J. &amp; P. J. Soliano &amp; D. Lew &amp; M. Ojeda" journalOrPublisher="Mammalia" pageId="134" pageNumber="134" pagination="393 - 400" part="57" refId="ref98726" refString="Ochoa, J., P. J. Soliano, D. Lew, and M. Ojeda 1993. Taxonomic and distributional notes on some bats and rodents from Venezuela. Mammalia 57: 393 - 400." title="Taxonomic and distributional notes on some bats and rodents from Venezuela" type="journal article" year="1993">Ochoa et al. (1993)</bibRefCitation>
identified as
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF15FF26FC7C21CDFB868ACD" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1914" box="[910,1037,991,1014]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF15FF26FC7C21CDFC2B8ACD" box="[910,928,991,1014]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF15FF26FC4321CDFB868ACD" box="[945,1037,991,1014]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">andinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
definitely indicates that
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF15FF26FCC321EFFC2B8D2F" authorityName=", Davis" authorityYear="1966" box="[817,928,1021,1044]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF15FF26FCC321EFFC2B8D2F" box="[817,928,1021,1044]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">Eptesicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species with different pelage types can coexist at the same elevation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF15FF28FD492644FF1D8FD8" blockId="134.[670,1198,214,1372]" lastBlockId="136.[94,622,1622,1763]" lastPageId="136" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">
Specimen data cited by Davis (1966), together with other collections subsequently reported in the literature (e.g., by Handley, 1976), provide compelling evidence that two species referable to the
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF15FF26FC3F26DCFBA28DDE" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1914" box="[973,1065,1230,1253]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF15FF26FC3F26DCFBA28DDE" box="[973,1065,1230,1253]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">andinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group are sympatric at several South American localities. However, Davis did not personally examine any of the relevant holotypes in this complex, so his decisions about synonymies are problematic. Because
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF1BFF28FE602444FDE68F56" author="Koopman, K. F." bookContentInfo="33 pp." box="[402,621,1622,1645]" journalOrPublisher="Am. Mus. Novitates 2651" pageId="136" pageNumber="136" refId="ref96596" refString="Koopman, K. F. 1978. Zoogeography of Peruvian bats with special emphasis on the role of the Andes. Am. Mus. Novitates 2651: 33 pp." title="Zoogeography of Peruvian bats with special emphasis on the role of the Andes" type="book" year="1978">Koopman’s (1978)</bibRefCitation>
review of the situation was obviously not an improvement, a fresh appraisal of the systematics of Neotropical
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF1BFF28FE7524BDFE7D8FFD" authorityName=", Davis" authorityYear="1966" box="[391,502,1711,1734]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1BFF28FE7524BDFE7D8FFD" box="[391,502,1711,1734]" italics="true" pageId="136" pageNumber="136">Eptesicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is necessary.
</paragraph>
<caption id="93CF1D8EFF14FF27FF6827F9FBA68F51" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4545170" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4545170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4545170/files/figure.png" pageId="135" pageNumber="135" startId="135.[154,192,1515,1536]" targetBox="[215,1152,212,1487]" targetPageId="135">
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF14FF27FF6827F9FBA68F51" blockId="135.[128,1233,1514,1643]" pageId="135" pageNumber="135">
Fig. 55. Dorsal (
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF14FF27FEAE27F8FEE48CC4" bold="true" box="[348,367,1514,1535]" pageId="135" pageNumber="135">A</emphasis>
) and ventral (
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF14FF27FDF427F8FD9C8CC4" bold="true" box="[518,535,1514,1535]" pageId="135" pageNumber="135">B</emphasis>
) views of the skull of the holotype of
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF14FF27FC4027F9FBFA8F3B" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1914" box="[946,1137,1515,1536]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="135" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF14FF27FC4027F9FBFA8F3B" box="[946,1137,1515,1536]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="135">Eptesicus andinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(AMNH 33807; male) from Colombia. Dorsal (
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF14FF27FDD22417FDB88F21" bold="true" box="[544,563,1541,1562]" pageId="135" pageNumber="135">C</emphasis>
) and ventral (
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF14FF27FD3F2417FD6B8F21" bold="true" box="[717,736,1541,1562]" pageId="135" pageNumber="135">D</emphasis>
) views of the skull of
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF14FF27FC2B2414FBE48F20" box="[985,1135,1541,1563]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="135" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiriquinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF14FF27FC2B2414FC628F20" box="[985,1001,1542,1563]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="135">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF14FF27FC0A2414FBE48F20" box="[1016,1135,1542,1563]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="135">chiriquinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(AMNH 267234; male) from Paracou.
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF14FF27FE302432FDD28F0E" box="[450,601,1568,1589]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="135" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiriquinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF14FF27FE302432FE598F0E" box="[450,466,1568,1589]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="135">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF14FF27FE102432FDD28F0E" box="[482,601,1568,1589]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="135">chiriquinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a consistently larger and more heavily built skull than does
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF14FF27FF492429FEBB8F6B" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1914" box="[187,304,1595,1616]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="135" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF14FF27FF492429FF408F6B" box="[187,203,1595,1616]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="135">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF14FF27FF2F2429FEBB8F6B" box="[221,304,1595,1616]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="135">andinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Also note the flattened, triangular bony plate at the intersection of the sagittal and nuchal crests in
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF14FF27FEC22444FE088F50" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1914" box="[304,387,1622,1643]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="135" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF14FF27FEC22444FE088F50" box="[304,387,1622,1643]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="135">andinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a structure never present in
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF14FF27FD322444FCBC8F50" box="[704,823,1622,1643]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="135" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiriquinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF14FF27FD322444FCBC8F50" box="[704,823,1622,1643]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="135">chiriquinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Scale bars = 10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="93CF1D8EFF1BFF28FF8A278FFD458CD3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4545172" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4545172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4545172/files/figure.png" pageId="136" pageNumber="136" startId="136.[120,158,1437,1458]" targetBox="[258,1041,213,1386]" targetPageId="136">
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF1BFF28FF8A278FFD458CD3" blockId="136.[94,1198,1437,1512]" pageId="136" pageNumber="136">
Fig. 56. Lateral views of the skull and lower jaw of (
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1BFF28FD30278FFD5E8C89" bold="true" box="[706,725,1437,1458]" pageId="136" pageNumber="136">A</emphasis>
) the holotype of
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF1BFF28FC7D278CFBC58C88" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1914" box="[911,1102,1438,1459]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1BFF28FC7D278CFBC58C88" box="[911,1102,1438,1459]" italics="true" pageId="136" pageNumber="136">Eptesicus andinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(AMNH 33807; male) and (
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1BFF28FED827AAFEB08CF6" bold="true" box="[298,315,1464,1485]" pageId="136" pageNumber="136">B</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF1BFF28FEBF27AAFE688CF6" box="[333,483,1464,1485]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiriquinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1BFF28FEBF27AAFED68CF6" box="[333,349,1464,1485]" italics="true" pageId="136" pageNumber="136">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1BFF28FE9E27AAFE688CF6" box="[364,483,1464,1485]" italics="true" pageId="136" pageNumber="136">chiriquinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Paracou (AMNH 267234; male). Note the species difference in development of the sagittal crest. Scale bars = 10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF1BFF29FD492444FE588DB3" blockId="136.[670,1199,1622,1763]" lastBlockId="137.[128,657,844,1160]" lastPageId="137" lastPageNumber="137" pageId="136" pageNumber="136">
To determine the correct identification of several blackish, long­haired specimens of
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF1BFF28FD6C2483FC868F93" authorityName=", Davis" authorityYear="1966" box="[670,781,1681,1704]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1BFF28FD6C2483FC868F93" box="[670,781,1681,1704]" italics="true" pageId="136" pageNumber="136">Eptesicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
captured at Paracou, we examined the holotypes of
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF1BFF28FC9424BDFC6E8FFD" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1914" box="[870,997,1710,1734]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1BFF28FC9424BDFCF38FFD" box="[870,888,1711,1734]" italics="true" pageId="136" pageNumber="136">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1BFF28FC7B24BDFC6E8FFD" box="[905,997,1711,1734]" italics="true" pageId="136" pageNumber="136">andinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF1BFF28FBD324BDFD368FD8" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiralensis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1BFF28FBD324BDFBB88FFD" box="[1057,1075,1711,1734]" italics="true" pageId="136" pageNumber="136">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1BFF28FBB624BDFD368FD8" italics="true" pageId="136" pageNumber="136">chiralensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as well as 136 other specimens of Neo­ tropical
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF1AFF29FF15215EFEDD8A58" authorityName=", Davis" authorityYear="1966" box="[231,342,844,867]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="137" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1AFF29FF15215EFEDD8A58" box="[231,342,844,867]" italics="true" pageId="137" pageNumber="137">Eptesicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the collections of the AMNH, FMNH, and USNM.
<superScript id="30C5E04EFF1AFF29FE2E217AFE668A4D" attach="left" box="[476,493,872,886]" fontSize="6" pageId="137" pageNumber="137">14</superScript>
We also consulted the original descriptions of
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF1AFF29FDD82195FF468A80" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="137" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiriquinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1AFF29FDD82195FDB78AA5" box="[554,572,903,926]" italics="true" pageId="137" pageNumber="137">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1AFF29FDA22195FF468A80" italics="true" pageId="137" pageNumber="137">chiriquinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF1AFF29FF1A21B6FECC8A80" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1920" box="[232,327,932,955]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Choeronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="137" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inca">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1AFF29FF1A21B6FF718A80" box="[232,250,932,955]" italics="true" pageId="137" pageNumber="137">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1AFF29FEE721B6FECC8A80" box="[277,327,932,955]" italics="true" pageId="137" pageNumber="137">inca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF1AFF29FE5221B6FE808AE3" authority="(Thomas, 1920 b)" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1920" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="137" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montosus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1AFF29FE5221B6FE398A80" box="[416,434,932,955]" italics="true" pageId="137" pageNumber="137">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1AFF29FE3F21B6FDB08A80" box="[461,571,932,955]" italics="true" pageId="137" pageNumber="137">montosus</emphasis>
(Thomas,1920b)
</taxonomicName>
, and we compared our observations with those reported by
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF1AFF29FE0121CCFD078ACE" author="Davis, W. D." box="[499,652,990,1013]" journalOrPublisher="J. Mammal." pageId="137" pageNumber="137" pagination="229 - 240" part="46" refId="ref92408" refString="Davis, W. D. 1965. Review of the Eptesicus brasiliensis complex in Middle America with the description of a new subspecies from Costa Rica. J. Mammal. 46: 229 - 240." title="Review of the Eptesicus brasiliensis complex in Middle America with the description of a new subspecies from Costa Rica" type="journal article" year="1965">Davis (1965</bibRefCitation>
, 1966),
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF1AFF29FF2121EEFE188D28" author="Williams, D. F." box="[211,403,1020,1043]" journalOrPublisher="Ann. Carnegie Mus." pageId="137" pageNumber="137" pagination="361 - 383" part="47" refId="ref102331" refString="Williams, D. F. 1978. Taxonomic and karyologic comments on small brown bats, genus Eptesicus, from South America. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 47: 361 - 383." title="Taxonomic and karyologic comments on small brown bats, genus Eptesicus, from South America" type="journal article" year="1978">Williams (1978)</bibRefCitation>
, Brosset and Charles­ Dominique (1990), and
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF1AFF29FE52260BFD068D0B" author="Ochoa, J. &amp; P. J. Soliano &amp; D. Lew &amp; M. Ojeda" box="[416,653,1049,1072]" journalOrPublisher="Mammalia" pageId="137" pageNumber="137" pagination="393 - 400" part="57" refId="ref98726" refString="Ochoa, J., P. J. Soliano, D. Lew, and M. Ojeda 1993. Taxonomic and distributional notes on some bats and rodents from Venezuela. Mammalia 57: 393 - 400." title="Taxonomic and distributional notes on some bats and rodents from Venezuela" type="journal article" year="1993">Ochoa et al. (1993)</bibRefCitation>
. Our conclusions, which differ substantially from those previously expressed in the literature, are explained below
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF1AFF29FD2F215EFB5B8F14" blockId="137.[704,1233,844,1763]" pageId="137" pageNumber="137">
Our side­by­side comparisons of the holotypes of
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF1AFF29FCCE2178FB848ABA" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1914" box="[828,1039,874,897]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="137" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1AFF29FCCE2178FB848ABA" box="[828,1039,874,897]" italics="true" pageId="137" pageNumber="137">Eptesicus andinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(AMNH 33807, from Valle de las Papas, Colombia) and
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF1AFF29FB45219AFCCB8A86" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="137" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiralensis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1AFF29FB45219AFB428AA4" box="[1207,1225,904,927]" italics="true" pageId="137" pageNumber="137">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1AFF29FD3221B4FCCB8A86" box="[704,832,934,957]" italics="true" pageId="137" pageNumber="137">chiralensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(AMNH 47219, from El Chiral, Ecuador) indicate that these forms are conspecific. Although the holotype of
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF1AFF29FBAB21F3FB3E8AC3" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1914" box="[1113,1205,993,1016]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="137" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1AFF29FBAB21F3FB3E8AC3" box="[1113,1205,993,1016]" italics="true" pageId="137" pageNumber="137">andinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is slightly larger than that of
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF1AFF29FBF721EDFB0E8D2D" box="[1029,1157,1023,1046]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="137" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiralensis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1AFF29FBF721EDFB0E8D2D" box="[1029,1157,1023,1046]" italics="true" pageId="137" pageNumber="137">chiralensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(table 53), both share a similar skull morphology that is unusual in
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF1AFF29FC7C2629FC768D69" authorityName=", Davis" authorityYear="1966" box="[910,1021,1083,1106]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="137" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1AFF29FC7C2629FC768D69" box="[910,1021,1083,1106]" italics="true" pageId="137" pageNumber="137">Eptesicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: the braincase appears domed rather than flattened when seen in profile, the sagittal and nuchal crests are very poorly developed, and the intersection of the sagittal and nuchal crests is marked by a flattened triangular plate of bone that is thicker than the surrounding braincase. The dorsal pelage of both holotypes is the same dark brown color (although the tips of the hairs are slightly lighter over the lower back in the holotype of
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF1AFF29FC682777FC7D8C47" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1914" box="[922,1014,1381,1404]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="137" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1AFF29FC682777FC7D8C47" box="[922,1014,1381,1404]" italics="true" pageId="137" pageNumber="137">andinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the length of the dorsal fur is the same (ca. 9 mm), and the length and coloration of the bicolored ventral fur (hairs with dark bases and tan tips) are also similar. In our view, these specimens represent a single species, the oldest name for which is
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF1AFF29FCA4240BFB468F14" authority="Allen (1914)" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1914" box="[854,1229,1560,1584]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="137" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1AFF29FCA4240BFBA18F0B" box="[854,1066,1561,1584]" italics="true" pageId="137" pageNumber="137">Eptesicus andinus</emphasis>
Allen (1914)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF1AFF29FE262663FE538DB3" blockId="137.[128,657,844,1160]" box="[468,472,1137,1160]" pageId="137" pageNumber="137">.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF1AFF29FF6526ABFD038FD9" blockId="137.[128,657,1209,1762]" pageId="137" pageNumber="137">
<superScript id="30C5E04EFF1AFF29FF6526ABFF2E8DFF" attach="right" box="[151,165,1209,1220]" fontSize="5" pageId="137" pageNumber="137">14</superScript>
Specimens examined in addition to those from Paracou are listed here by species based on our revised identifications.
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF1AFF29FED026FDFE578C39" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1914" box="[290,476,1263,1282]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="137" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1AFF29FED026FDFE578C39" box="[290,476,1263,1282]" italics="true" pageId="137" pageNumber="137">Eptesicus andinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: Brazil (AMNH 134910), Colombia (AMNH 32671, 32802, 33807 [holotype]), Ecuador (AMNH 47218–47220), Peru (AMNH 23780, FMNH 123953), Venezuela (USNM 370934– 370938, 370943–370947, 370949–370953, 370955, 370962–370963, 387732, 441755, 441764).
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF1AFF29FDC52767FF7A8C99" baseAuthorityName="Desmarest" baseAuthorityYear="1819" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="137" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1AFF29FDC52767FF7A8C99" italics="true" pageId="137" pageNumber="137">Eptesicus brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: Brazil (AMNH 78868–78871, 79535– 79538, 79645–79647), Colombia (AMNH 239096– 239098), Ecuador (AMNH 67606), Peru (AMNH 67232–67233, 74016), Venezuela (78387–78401).
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF1AFF29FD9D27CDFEBA8F36" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="137" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiriquinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1AFF29FD9D27CDFEBA8F36" italics="true" pageId="137" pageNumber="137">Eptesicus chiriquinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: Brazil (AMNH 92251, 93787), Colombia (AMNH 33806, USNM 483952), Costa Rica (USNM 566457), Ecuador (AMNH 47217, 47221– 47223, 67608; USNM 513502, 548349), Panama (USNM 306809–306810, 310258–310260, 319504, 331958–331968, 335411, 338098–338100, 387728, 387730–387731, 518026–518027, 520577–520579, 526246, 541105, 567879–567880, 575587–575590), Venezuela (USNM 387728, 387730–387731, 441765).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF1AFF2AFD2F2424FE478DE8" blockId="137.[704,1233,844,1763]" lastBlockId="138.[94,623,889,1763]" lastPageId="138" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="137" pageNumber="137">
Although we have not examined the holotype of
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF1AFF29FCB22446FBA68F50" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[832,1069,1620,1643]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="137" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montosus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1AFF29FCB22446FBA68F50" box="[832,1069,1620,1643]" italics="true" pageId="137" pageNumber="137">Eptesicus montosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the original description and accompanying measurements suggest that it too is conspecific with
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF1AFF29FB752482FD748FFE" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1914" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="137" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1AFF29FB752482FB128F9C" box="[1159,1177,1680,1703]" italics="true" pageId="137" pageNumber="137">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1AFF29FB5B2482FD748FFE" italics="true" pageId="137" pageNumber="137">andinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Collected at El Choro, Bolivia, this specimen (BMNH 2.1.1.1) was described by Thomas (1920b: 363) as follows: ‘‘Fur very long and fine, hairs of back about 9 mm. in length. General colour blackish brown, lightened on the posterior back by the Prout’s brown of the tips of the hairs... skull, as compared with that of
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF19FF2AFE89261EFDAC8D18" baseAuthorityName="Desmarest" baseAuthorityYear="1819" box="[379,551,1036,1059]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="138" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF19FF2AFE89261EFE068D18" box="[379,397,1036,1059]" italics="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="138">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF19FF2AFE53261EFDAC8D18" box="[417,551,1036,1059]" italics="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="138">brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, conspicuously more swollen, higher in the braincase... the whole skull less flattened and less ridged.’’ Measurements of BMNH 2.1.1.1, a male, indicate that it is intermediate in size between the male holotypes of
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF19FF2AFDC7268DFF248DE8" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="138" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiralensis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF19FF2AFDC7268DFF248DE8" italics="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="138">chiralensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF19FF2AFF1E26AEFEC38DE8" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1914" box="[236,328,1212,1235]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="138" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF19FF2AFF1E26AEFEC38DE8" box="[236,328,1212,1235]" italics="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="138">andinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(table 53).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF19FF2AFF8926CBFDEB8F56" blockId="138.[94,623,889,1763]" pageId="138" pageNumber="138">
Also apparently referable to
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF19FF2AFE3D26CBFF168C35" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1914" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="138" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF19FF2AFE3D26CBFF168C35" italics="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="138">Eptesicus andinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are two small specimens so identified by Thomas (1920b) from Chanchamayo, Peru, that Davis (1966) subsequently reidentified as
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF19FF2AFF3C275DFE7A8C5D" box="[206,497,1358,1382]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="138" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="montosus" subSpecies="chiralensis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF19FF2AFF3C275DFF6B8C5D" box="[206,224,1359,1382]" italics="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="138">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF19FF2AFF07275DFE7A8C5D" box="[245,497,1359,1382]" italics="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="138">montosus chiralensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(we have not seen these, but base our identification on their size and morphology as reported by Thomas and Davis). By contrast, another specimen (BMNH 94.8.6.1) collected at the same locality, the holotype of
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF19FF2AFE3627F3FEAC8F2E" authority="Thomas (1920 b)" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1920" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="138" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inca">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF19FF2AFE3627F3FDE58CC3" box="[452,622,1505,1528]" italics="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="138">Eptesicus inca</emphasis>
Thomas (1920b)
</taxonomicName>
, is clearly distinct.
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF19FF2AFDEE27EDFF4F8F08" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1920" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="138" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inca">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF19FF2AFDEE27EDFF4F8F08" italics="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="138">Eptesicus inca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is larger than
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF19FF2AFE70240EFD8F8F08" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1914" box="[386,516,1564,1587]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="138" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF19FF2AFE70240EFE1F8F08" box="[386,404,1564,1587]" italics="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="138">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF19FF2AFE5A240EFD8F8F08" box="[424,516,1564,1587]" italics="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="138">andinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in most dimensions (table 53) and, unlike the latter species, it has a well­defined sagittal ridge.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF19FF2AFF892466FCCE8C86" blockId="138.[94,623,889,1763]" lastBlockId="138.[670,1198,889,1763]" pageId="138" pageNumber="138">
A third
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF19FF2AFF1A2466FECF8FB0" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1914" box="[232,324,1652,1675]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="138" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF19FF2AFF1A2466FECF8FB0" box="[232,324,1652,1675]" italics="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="138">andinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
­group taxon named by Thomas (1920b) was
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF19FF2AFE9F2483FD9C8F93" box="[365,535,1681,1704]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="138" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiriquinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF19FF2AFE9F2483FEF48F93" box="[365,383,1681,1704]" italics="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="138">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF19FF2AFE612483FD9C8F93" box="[403,535,1681,1704]" italics="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="138">chiriquinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, based on a specimen from Cerro Chiriquı´, Panama (BMNH 3.3.3.1). The holotypes of
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF19FF2AFE0824DEFD338AAB" box="[506,696,889,1763]" italics="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="138">chiriquin­ us</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF19FF2AFD0B216BFCA08AAB" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1920" box="[761,811,889,912]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="138" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inca">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF19FF2AFD0B216BFCA08AAB" box="[761,811,889,912]" italics="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="138">inca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are similar in most dimensions (table 53), and Thomas did not explain why he thought they were different species. In comparing their respective descriptions, only a 0.5­mm difference in postorbital breadth and a possible difference in wooliness of the pelage appear noteworthy. Although we have not seen these types, our examination of oth­ er specimens convinces us that the same large­bodied species of
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF19FF2AFC322693FBA48DA3" authorityName=", Davis" authorityYear="1966" box="[960,1071,1153,1176]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="138" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF19FF2AFC322693FBA48DA3" box="[960,1071,1153,1176]" italics="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="138">Eptesicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with long blackish fur occurs in Central and South America, and that such character differences do not hold up on examination of large series. Accordingly, we conclude, like Davis (1966), that
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF19FF2AFCDD2706FC388C10" box="[815,947,1300,1323]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="138" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiriquinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF19FF2AFCDD2706FC388C10" box="[815,947,1300,1323]" italics="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="138">chiriquinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF19FF2AFC1C2706FBAB8C10" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1920" box="[1006,1056,1300,1323]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="138" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inca">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF19FF2AFC1C2706FBAB8C10" box="[1006,1056,1300,1323]" italics="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="138">inca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are conspecific. Since both
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF19FF2AFC822723FC7F8C73" box="[880,1012,1329,1352]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="138" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiriquinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF19FF2AFC822723FC7F8C73" box="[880,1012,1329,1352]" italics="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="138">chiriquinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF19FF2AFBC52723FBE28C73" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1920" box="[1079,1129,1329,1352]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="138" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inca">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF19FF2AFBC52723FBE28C73" box="[1079,1129,1329,1352]" italics="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="138">inca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were named in the same publication, and because their relative precedence has not previously been established, we select
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF19FF2AFC2D279BFBE88C9B" box="[991,1123,1417,1440]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="138" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiriquinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF19FF2AFC2D279BFBE88C9B" box="[991,1123,1417,1440]" italics="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="138">chiriquinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as the senior epithet.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF19FF2BFD4927D6FE998D8E" blockId="138.[670,1198,889,1763]" lastBlockId="139.[128,657,977,1763]" lastPageId="139" lastPageNumber="139" pageId="138" pageNumber="138">
Based on the preceding inferences from examination of specimens and from the literature, we offer the following revised diagnosis of
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF19FF2AFCEF240EFB938F08" box="[797,1048,1564,1587]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="138" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiriquinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF19FF2AFCEF240EFB938F08" box="[797,1048,1564,1587]" italics="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="138">Eptesicus chiriquinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: a large species (for the genus) with long (8.0–10.0 mm) dark brown or blackish dorsal fur that appears oily in living individuals; ventral fur bicolored (each hair with a dark brown base and tan tip); skull with sagittal and nuchal crests well developed (even in smaller indi­ viduals); rostrum not laterally inflated; braincase high, not flattened, with well­defined dish­shaped facial profile; length of forearm&gt; 42.0 mm; greatest length of skull&gt;15.80 mm; zygomatic breadth&gt; 10.70 mm; mastoid breadth&gt; 8.40 mm; length of maxillary toothrow&gt;6.10 mm; breadth across molars&gt; 6.75 mm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF18FF2BFF6F26AEFC338D3D" blockId="139.[128,657,977,1763]" lastBlockId="139.[704,1233,977,1763]" pageId="139" pageNumber="139">
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF18FF2BFF6F26AEFE128DE8" box="[157,409,1212,1235]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="139" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiriquinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF18FF2BFF6F26AEFE128DE8" box="[157,409,1212,1235]" italics="true" pageId="139" pageNumber="139">Eptesicus chiriquinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished unambiguously from
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF18FF2BFE8F26CBFE708DCB" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1914" box="[381,507,1241,1264]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="139" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF18FF2BFE8F26CBFE048DCB" box="[381,399,1241,1264]" italics="true" pageId="139" pageNumber="139">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF18FF2BFE6D26CBFE708DCB" box="[415,507,1241,1264]" italics="true" pageId="139" pageNumber="139">andinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the basis of size (generally larger in
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF18FF2BFE2126E5FDDC8C35" box="[467,599,1271,1294]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="139" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiriquinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF18FF2BFE2126E5FDDC8C35" box="[467,599,1271,1294]" italics="true" pageId="139" pageNumber="139">chiriquinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; see table 54), presence of well­developed sagittal and nuchal crests (absent in
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF18FF2BFE192723FDCC8C73" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1914" box="[491,583,1329,1352]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="139" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF18FF2BFE192723FDCC8C73" box="[491,583,1329,1352]" italics="true" pageId="139" pageNumber="139">andinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and absence of a flattened, triangular plate of bone at the intersection of the sagittal and nuchal crests (present in
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF18FF2BFE59279BFD8C8C9B" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1914" box="[427,519,1417,1440]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="139" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF18FF2BFE59279BFD8C8C9B" box="[427,519,1417,1440]" italics="true" pageId="139" pageNumber="139">andinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF18FF2BFDD3279BFE8F8C85" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="139" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiriquinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF18FF2BFDD3279BFE8F8C85" italics="true" pageId="139" pageNumber="139">Eptesicus chiriquinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF18FF2BFEB127B5FE488C85" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1914" box="[323,451,1446,1470]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="139" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF18FF2BFEB127B5FEDE8C85" box="[323,341,1447,1470]" italics="true" pageId="139" pageNumber="139">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF18FF2BFE9527B5FE488C85" box="[359,451,1447,1470]" italics="true" pageId="139" pageNumber="139">andinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exhibit nonoverlapping measurements in the following dimensions: forearm length (females only), greatest length of skull, condyloincisive length, zygomatic breadth, maxillary toothrow length, and breadth across molars (males only).
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF18FF2BFF262445FE5D8F55" box="[212,470,1623,1646]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="139" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiriquinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF18FF2BFF262445FE5D8F55" box="[212,470,1623,1646]" italics="true" pageId="139" pageNumber="139">Eptesicus chiriquinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF18FF2BFEDB2466FE588FB0" baseAuthorityName="Desmarest" baseAuthorityYear="1819" box="[297,467,1652,1675]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="139" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF18FF2BFEDB2466FEB08FB0" box="[297,315,1652,1675]" italics="true" pageId="139" pageNumber="139">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF18FF2BFEBF2466FE588FB0" box="[333,467,1652,1675]" italics="true" pageId="139" pageNumber="139">brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the basis of pelage (always longer and usually darker in
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF18FF2BFF7224BDFE8F8FFD" box="[128,260,1711,1734]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="139" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiriquinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF18FF2BFF7224BDFE8F8FFD" box="[128,260,1711,1734]" italics="true" pageId="139" pageNumber="139">chiriquinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and skull morphology (rostrum less inflated, braincase higher, and dish­ shaped facial profile more strongly developed in
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF18FF2BFCD121E2FC2C8D3C" box="[803,935,1008,1031]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="139" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiriquinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF18FF2BFCD121E2FC2C8D3C" box="[803,935,1008,1031]" italics="true" pageId="139" pageNumber="139">chiriquinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF18FF2BFD2F261CFB958CA9" blockId="139.[704,1233,977,1763]" pageId="139" pageNumber="139">
Based on our examination of material in the USNM collected by the Smithsonian Venezuela Project, the specimens referred to
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF18FF2BFD32267BFC238DBB" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[704,936,1129,1152]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="139" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montosus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF18FF2BFD32267BFC238DBB" box="[704,936,1129,1152]" italics="true" pageId="139" pageNumber="139">Eptesicus montosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Handley (1976) represent
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF18FF2BFCFC269AFC078DA4" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1914" box="[782,908,1159,1183]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="139" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF18FF2BFCFC269AFCAB8DA4" box="[782,800,1160,1183]" italics="true" pageId="139" pageNumber="139">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF18FF2BFCC2269AFC078DA4" box="[816,908,1160,1183]" italics="true" pageId="139" pageNumber="139">andinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in our usage, and the specimens he referred to
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF18FF2BFC4926B4FBB18D86" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1914" box="[955,1082,1190,1213]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="139" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF18FF2BFC4926B4FC468D86" box="[955,973,1190,1213]" italics="true" pageId="139" pageNumber="139">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF18FF2BFC2C26B4FBB18D86" box="[990,1082,1190,1213]" italics="true" pageId="139" pageNumber="139">andinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
represent
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF18FF2BFB4526B4FCCF8DE0" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="139" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiriquinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF18FF2BFB4526B4FB428D86" box="[1207,1225,1190,1213]" italics="true" pageId="139" pageNumber="139">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF18FF2BFD3226D6FCCF8DE0" box="[704,836,1220,1243]" italics="true" pageId="139" pageNumber="139">chiriquinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as diagnosed above (see footnote 14 for specimens examined). Based on published measurements, specimens of
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF18FF2BFB932713FB5B8C23" authorityName=", Davis" authorityYear="1966" box="[1121,1232,1281,1304]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="139" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF18FF2BFB932713FB5B8C23" box="[1121,1232,1281,1304]" italics="true" pageId="139" pageNumber="139">Eptesicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘‘
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF18FF2BFD232732FCA68C0C" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1914" box="[721,813,1312,1335]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="139" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF18FF2BFD232732FCA68C0C" box="[721,813,1312,1335]" italics="true" pageId="139" pageNumber="139">andinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’’ reported from French Guiana by
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF18FF2BFD32272CFB128C6E" author="Brosset, A. &amp; P. Charles-Dominique" box="[704,1177,1342,1365]" journalOrPublisher="Mammalia" pageId="139" pageNumber="139" pagination="509 - 559" part="54" refId="ref91807" refString="Brosset, A., and P. Charles-Dominique 1990. The bats from French Guiana: a taxonomic, faunistic and ecological approach. Mammalia 54: 509 - 559." title="The bats from French Guiana: a taxonomic, faunistic and ecological approach" type="journal article" year="1990">Brosset and Charles­Dominique (1990)</bibRefCitation>
and from Venezuela by
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF18FF2BFC55274EFB018C48" author="Ochoa, J. &amp; P. J. Soliano &amp; D. Lew &amp; M. Ojeda" box="[935,1162,1372,1395]" journalOrPublisher="Mammalia" pageId="139" pageNumber="139" pagination="393 - 400" part="57" refId="ref98726" refString="Ochoa, J., P. J. Soliano, D. Lew, and M. Ojeda 1993. Taxonomic and distributional notes on some bats and rodents from Venezuela. Mammalia 57: 393 - 400." title="Taxonomic and distributional notes on some bats and rodents from Venezuela" type="journal article" year="1993">Ochoa et al. (1993)</bibRefCitation>
probably represent
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF18FF2BFC822769FB9C8CA9" box="[880,1047,1403,1426]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="139" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiriquinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF18FF2BFC822769FC098CA9" box="[880,898,1403,1426]" italics="true" pageId="139" pageNumber="139">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF18FF2BFC612769FB9C8CA9" box="[915,1047,1403,1426]" italics="true" pageId="139" pageNumber="139">chiriquinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF18FF2CFD2F278BFE3F8AA4" blockId="139.[704,1233,977,1763]" lastBlockId="140.[94,622,874,1425]" lastPageId="140" lastPageNumber="140" pageId="139" pageNumber="139">
The specimens of
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF18FF2BFC3F278BFB5B8C8B" box="[973,1232,1433,1456]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="139" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiriquinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF18FF2BFC3F278BFB5B8C8B" box="[973,1232,1433,1456]" italics="true" pageId="139" pageNumber="139">Eptesicus chiriquinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that we collected at Paracou are among the largest known representatives of this taxon (see tables 52–54). Although our preliminary comparisons suggested that the Paracou specimens might represent a distinct taxon, consideration of additional material (particularly from Panama) blurred all distinctions initially detected between the larger and smaller specimens referable to this species. In the absence of any clear pattern of geo­ graphic variation, we do not recognize any subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF1FFF2CFEF4219AFE268AA4" box="[262,429,904,927]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="140" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiriquinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1FFF2CFEF4219AFE938AA4" box="[262,280,904,927]" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="140">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1FFF2CFEDB219AFE268AA4" box="[297,429,904,927]" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="140">chiriquinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8FAA1E8DFF1FFF2CFF8921B7FDAF8CAA" pageId="140" pageNumber="140" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF1FFF2CFF8921B7FDAF8CAA" blockId="140.[94,622,874,1425]" pageId="140" pageNumber="140">
FIELD OBSERVATIONS: Two of the six
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF1FFF2CFDB621B7FEB68AE1" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="140" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiriquinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1FFF2CFDB621B7FEB68AE1" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="140">Eptesicus chiriquinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that we captured at Paracou were taken in ground­level mistnets and four were taken in elevated nets. Of the two ground­level captures, one was in a manmade clearing and one was over a roadside puddle. The four elevated mistnet captures were made between 4 and 23 m over a narrow dirt road. Although all of our vouchered captures were in modified habitats, we once caught a large, blackish vespertilionid in the uppermost mesh of a ground­level mistnet in swampy primary forest. Briefly entangled in full view but just out of reach before escaping, this bat closely resembled
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF1FFF2CFE3B2752FDE58C6C" box="[457,622,1344,1367]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="140" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiriquinus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1FFF2CFE3B2752FE508C6C" box="[457,475,1344,1367]" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="140">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1FFF2CFE182752FDE58C6C" box="[490,622,1344,1367]" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="140">chiriquinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and differed in external appearance from oth­ er species known to occur at Paracou.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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