366 lines
43 KiB
XML
366 lines
43 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.376.6047" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ea01dfa1-5c94-4a89-804b-aa8037d4dacc" ID-PMC="PMC3935421" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-376-1" ID-PubMed="24574849" ID-ZBK="2B58574A5FCF40D19A3AFB4D13D33A92" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-376-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 376" ModsDocTitle="Review and redescription of species in the Oecetis avara group, with the description of 15 new species (Trichoptera, Leptoceridae)" checkinTime="1451246380649" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Blahnik, Roger J. & Holzenthal, Ralph W." docDate="2014" docId="4A63EE9C5284C8542B6B1C1A0A574DA2" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 376: 1-83" docOrigin="ZooKeys 376" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.376.6047" docTitle="Oecetis avara" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="21" masterDocId="3A31DE5CFF94FFE90671FF839B6AAD3F" masterDocTitle="Review and redescription of species in the Oecetis avara group, with the description of 15 new species (Trichoptera, Leptoceridae)" masterLastPageNumber="83" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1668157599346" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Review and redescription of species in the Oecetis avara group, with the description of 15 new species (Trichoptera, Leptoceridae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Blahnik, Roger J.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Holzenthal, Ralph W.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>376</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>83</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.376.6047</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.376.6047</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-376-1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">2B58574A5FCF40D19A3AFB4D13D33A92</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">2B58574A5FCF40D19A3AFB4D13D33A92</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152050823" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4A63EE9C5284C8542B6B1C1A0A574DA2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4A63EE9C5284C8542B6B1C1A0A574DA2" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Oecetis_avara" authority="Banks" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara (Banks)</taxonomicName>
|
||
Figs 5, 13, 14, 40, 41, Map 2
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Setodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Setodes avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Setodes avara</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Banks, N" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" pagination="313 - 316" title="New neuropteroid insects." volume="22" year="1895">Banks 1895</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 316. [holotype male, Sherbrook Canada, pinned with genitalia in vial, MCZ type 11553].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetina avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetina avara</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Banks): Banks 1899: 214.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="Oecetodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetodes avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetodes avara</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Banks):
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ulmer, G" journalOrPublisher="Annalen des Kaiserlich-Koeniglichen Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums Wien" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="59 - 98" title="Neue und wenig bekannte aussereuropaeische Trichopteren, hauptsaechlich aus dem Wiener Museum." volume="20" year="1905">Ulmer 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 129.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Banks): Sibley 1926: 105, 189;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Betten, C" journalOrPublisher="New York State Museum Bulletin" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="1 - 576" title="The caddisflies or Trichoptera of New York State." volume="292" year="1934">Betten 1934</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 269 (plate 34, Figs 1-3) [description, illustration];
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ross, HH" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Illinois Natural History Survey" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 326" title="The caddisflies or Trichoptera of Illinois." volume="23" year="1944">Ross 1944</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 240 (figures 813, 818A, 828) [description, illustration];
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Denning, DG" editor="Usinger, RL" journalOrPublisher="University of California Press, Berkeley" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="237 - 270" title="Trichoptera." volumeTitle="Aquatic Insects of California, with Keys to North American Genera and California Species." year="1956">Denning 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 267 (fig. 10: 34d) [illustration];
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, DH" journalOrPublisher="Quaestiones Entomologicae" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="641 - 656" title="Analysis of two problematic North American caddisfly species: Oecetis avara (Banks) and Oecetis disjuncta (Banks) (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae)." volume="16" year="1980">Smith and Lehmkuhl 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 641 (Figs 3-4, 6, 8, 11, 15, 17, 19-20, 22, 24, 27-28, 35-36, 39, 42, 44, 49, 50) [description, illustration, distribution]; Bueno and Flint 1980: [distribution - Mexico, Central America, Venezuela];
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bueno-Soria, J" journalOrPublisher="Folia Entomologica Mexicana" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="103 - 120" title="Estudios en insectos aquaticos de Mexico I. Trichoptera (Leptoceridae). Cinco nuevas especies de Oecetis McLachlan." volume="49" year="1981">Bueno-Soria 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 111 (fig. 5A) [illustration only];
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Flint, OS Jr." journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="1 - 61" title="Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XXVIII: The Trichoptera of the Rio Limon Basin, Venezuela." url="10.5479/si.00810282.330" volume="330" year="1981">Flint 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 96 (fig. 364) [illustration, distribution - Colombia];
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Botosaneanu, L" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de L'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Entotomologie" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="5 - 45" title="The caddis flies of Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies." volume="63" year="1993">Botosaneanu and Alkins-Koo 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 35 [distribution - Trinidad & Tobago];
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Flint, OS Jr." journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="67 - 113" title="Studies of Neotropical caddisflies LV: Trichoptera of Trinidad and Tobago." volume="122" year="1996 a">Flint 1996a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 104 [distribution - Trinidad & Tobago];
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Flint, OS Jr." editor="Wilson, DE" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C." pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="369 - 430" title="The Trichoptera collected on the expeditions to Parque Manu, Madre de Dios, Peru." volumeTitle="Manu, the biodiversity of southeastern Peru." year="1996 b">Flint 1996b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 423 [distribution - Peru].
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Moulton, SR II" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 313" title="Caddisflies (Trichoptera) of the Interior Highlands of North America." volume="56" year="1996">Moulton and Stewart 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 150 (fig. 407) [illustration, distribution];
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rueda Martin, P" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="19 - 38" title="The genus Oecetis McLachlan in Bolivia and northwestern Argentina (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) with new species and identification key for males of Oecetis species from Mexico, Central and South America." volume="2821" year="2011">
|
||
Rueda
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martín">Martin</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 21 (fig. 2A-F) [illustration, distribution - Bolivia].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis (Oecetodes) avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara" subGenus="Oecetodes">Oecetis (Oecetodes) avara</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Banks):
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, FCJ" journalOrPublisher="Nederlandsche Entomologische Vereeniging, Amsterdam" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" title="Leptoceridae Pars 2. Trichopterorum Catalogus 7." year="1966">Fischer 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 153;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, FCJ" journalOrPublisher="Nederlandsche Entomologische Vereeniging, Amsterdam" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" title="Supplement to Vol. V, VI, and VII." volumeTitle="Trichopterorum Catalogus" year="1972">1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 150.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis (Pseudosetodes) avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara" subGenus="Pseudosetodes">Oecetis (Pseudosetodes) avara</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Banks):
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Chen, Y" journalOrPublisher="Unpublished Ph. D. Dissertation. Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" title="Revision of the Oecetis (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) of the world." year="1993">Chen 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(unpublished): (Figs 27
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
, J-M) [description, illustration, distribution].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
This species is similar to and most likely to be confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis houghtoni" order="Trichoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="houghtoni">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="17" pageNumber="18" start="start">Oecetis</pageBreakToken>
|
||
houghtoni
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., especially due to their sympatric distributions and relatively minor morphological differences. Unfortunately, the range of variation for the 2 species has not been fully established and specimens from some localities may not be currently diagnosable if they do not conform closely to the holotypes for the 2 species (see remarks section following the species description). The holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characterized by a very well developed ventral lobe of the inferior appendage that forms a prominent, acutely angled projection. The ventral margin is distinctly elongate (see Figs 11-14 for comparison to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis houghtoni" order="Trichoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="houghtoni">Oecetis houghtoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Some evidence of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“wrinkling”">"wrinkling"</normalizedToken>
|
||
is apparent at the point of articulation between the dorsal and ventral lobes; this is distinctly more noticeable than in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis houghtoni" order="Trichoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="houghtoni">Oecetis houghtoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to the sharper angle of articulation. Also, as compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis houghtoni" order="Trichoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="houghtoni">Oecetis houghtoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the phallobase is usually more distinctly sclerotized and arched ventrally, with its apex strongly downturned and very finely striate, often with the extreme apex slightly ridged or burred. Unfortunately, characters of the phallobase are subtle and also variable within the 2 species and thus may not always be completely diagnostic. Although the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara</taxonomicName>
|
||
itself is grayish-brown in color, with forewings only weakly spotted (possibly as a result of the specimen being somewhat faded), specimens from most areas of its distribution, including those from Minnesota, are distinctly lighter in color than
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis houghtoni" order="Trichoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="houghtoni">Oecetis houghtoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
and also have more prominent forewing spots. In Minnesota,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis houghtoni" order="Trichoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="houghtoni">Oecetis houghtoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
by color alone (Figs 40 and 41).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Despite the close similarity and difficulty of distinguishing
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="18" pageNumber="19" start="start">Oecetis</pageBreakToken>
|
||
avara
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis houghtoni" order="Trichoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="houghtoni">Oecetis houghtoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
, another species that closely resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara</taxonomicName>
|
||
, both in color and genitalic aspects, is
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis verrucula" order="Trichoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verrucula">Oecetis verrucula</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. from Central America. The only significant difference is the possession of a small rugose wart or projection preapically on the phallobase in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis verrucula" order="Trichoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verrucula">Oecetis verrucula</taxonomicName>
|
||
, similar to the character state in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis sordida" order="Trichoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sordida">Oecetis sordida</taxonomicName>
|
||
, sp. n. This character is absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but suggested by the fine striations often observed near the apex of the phallobase. COI barcode data (Fig. 58) also suggest that
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis verrucula" order="Trichoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verrucula">Oecetis verrucula</taxonomicName>
|
||
are more closely related to each other than to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis houghtoni" order="Trichoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="houghtoni">Oecetis houghtoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Rationale for treating
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis verrucula" order="Trichoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verrucula">Oecetis verrucula</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a separate species is discussed in its diagnosis and description.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="adult">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Adult.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Forewing length: male (8.2-10.3 mm), female (7.5-8.7 mm). Color generally pale yellowish-brown (slightly darker than
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis mexicana" order="Trichoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicana">Oecetis mexicana</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., paler than
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis houghtoni" order="Trichoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="houghtoni">Oecetis houghtoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.). Antennae whitish with indistinct, narrow annulations at intersection of antennomeres. Forewing spots small, but distinct; spots at base of discal and thyridial cells and base of fork V largest, other spots indistinct; veins of forewing chord relatively widely spaced (wider than
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis houghtoni" order="Trichoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="houghtoni">Oecetis houghtoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.), either evenly spaced or s and r-m veins slightly closer; chord with crossveins pigmented or with small spots at juncture of major veins; apical spots, at apices of major veins, indistinct, but usually evident, pigmentation extending slightly beyond veins. Setae along veins in apical part of forewing only moderately elongate, semi-prostrate, laterally diverging. Fringe of setae along costal margin of forewing dense, short, not strongly projecting.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="male genitalia">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Male genitalia.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Segment IX very short, with elongate setae along posterolateral margin. Tergum X with narrow, deflexed mesal lobe, apex of lobe tapered or rounded, with small sensilla; lobe continuous basoventrally with short, paired lateral membranous projections. Preanal appendage moderately elongate, length 2-3 times maximum width (longer, on average, than
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis houghtoni" order="Trichoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="houghtoni">Oecetis houghtoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.), simple in structure, apical setae elongate. Inferior appendage with prominent rounded dorsal lobe and angularly projecting ventral lobe; projection of ventral lobe prominent and strongly protruding, typically forming acute angle with dorsal lobe, angle usually abrupt, causing appendage at basal angle to be somewhat
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“wrinkled;”">"wrinkled;"</normalizedToken>
|
||
posterior margin of dorsal lobe evenly rounded, not angulate; posterior margin of ventral lobe, as viewed ventrally (Fig. 5F), only weakly bent near base; basomesal projection of appendage rounded, with short, stiff setae; dorsal lobe with stout, mesally-curved setae on dorsal margin and stout, ventrally-curved setae on mesal surface. Phallobase very short, tubular basally, ventral apex strongly down curved, often noticeably sclerotized, with minute striations; ventral apex, as viewed caudally, U-shaped (Fig. 5C). Phallotremal sclerite prominent, basally forming short tubular collar, ventral margin projecting, apex acute; asymmetrical lateral sclerite present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Figure 5.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Banks), Holotype, male genitalia: A lateral B phallic apparatus, lateral C phallic apparatus, caudal D phallic apparatus, ventral E inferior appendage, caudal F inferior appendage, ventral G segment IX and tergum X, dorsal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="material examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
CANADA: Quebec: Sherbrook, male holotype (pinned) (MCZ); USA: Alabama: Bibb Co., Little Cahaba River, 4 mi NE Sixmile, 23.v.1988, C.M. & O.S. Flint, Jr., 1 male (pinned) (NMNH); Florida: Jackson Co., Chipola River at County Road 280, 1.5 mi E Oakdale, 11.vi.1995, V.L. Nations & M.J. Howe, 6 males, 4 females (pinned) (UMSP); Kansas: Clark Co., 12 mi W, 5 mi S Columbus, 8-9.vi.1976, G.F. Hevel, 2 males (pinned) (NMNH); Maryland: Montgomery Co., Potomac River, Carderock, 27.viii.1981, Flint & Butler, 1 male (pinned) (NMNH); Minnesota: Aitkin Co., Mississippi River, County Road 3,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.023617">47°01.417'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-93.275">93°16.5000'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 12.vii.2000, D.C. Houghton, 321 males, 497 females (alcohol) (UMSP); Aitkin Co., Hay Lake, Hay Lake State Park,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="46.958332">46°57.500'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-93.21667">93°13.000'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 12.vii.2000, D.C. Houghton, 1 female (alcohol) (UMSP); Anoka Co., Coon Creek, confl. Mississippi River,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="45.133335">45°08.000'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-93.28333">93°17.000'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 10.vii.2000, D.C. Houghton,
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="19" pageNumber="20" start="start">13</pageBreakToken>
|
||
males, 8 females (alcohol) (UMSP); Blue Earth Co., Minnesota River, Mile 112, Sibley Park, Mankato, 11.vii.1979, N. Potthoff, 1 male, 1 female (alcohol) (UMSP); Blue Earth Co., Minneopa Creek, Minneopa State Park,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.150566">44°09.034'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-94.09167">94°05.500'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 10.vi.2000, D.C. Houghton, 1 male, 1 female (alcohol) (UMSP); Blue Earth Co., un. sp. 1, Minneopa State Park,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.161118">44°09.667'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-94.09167">94°05.500'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 10.vi.2000, D.C. Houghton, 1 male, 2 females (alcohol) (UMSP); Blue Earth Co., Le Seur River, County Road 16, public access,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.081932">44°04.916'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="94.00972">94°00.583'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 11.vi.2000, D.C. Houghton, 17 males, 13 females (alcohol) (UMSP); Blue Earth Co., Maple River, County Road 166, public access,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.00057">44°00.034'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-94.051384">94°03.083'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 11.vi.2000, D.C. Houghton, 198 males, 97 females (alcohol) (UMSP); Brown Co., un. sp., Cottonwood River, Flandrau State Park,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.288883">44°17.333'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-94.48193">94°28.916'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 09.vi.2000, D.C. Houghton, 6 males, 17 females (alcohol) (UMSP); Brown Co., Cottonwood River, Flandrau State Park,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.292416">44°17.545'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-93.4689">93°28.134'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 02.viii.1999, D.C. Houghton, 14 males, 1 female (pinned), 96 males, 53 females (alcohol) (UMSP); Chisago Co., Sunrise River at Kost Dam County Park, ca. 1.5 km S Kost,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="45.479168">45°28.75'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-92.87566">92°52.54'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, el 280 m, 13.vii.2004, Holzenthal et al., 3 males, 3 females (pinned) (UMSP); Crow Wing Co., Pine River, County Road 11, public access,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="46.57638">46°34.583'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-94.03056">94°01.834'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 16.ix.2000, D.C. Houghton, 3 males, 2 females (alcohol) (UMSP); Crow Wing Co., Pine River, County Road 11,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="46.572216">46°34.333'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-94.03333">94°02.000'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 29.vi.2000, D.C. Houghton, 214 males, 222 females (alcohol) (UMSP); Fillmore Co., Middle Br. Root River, Co. Rd. 21, ca. 5 mi NW Lanesboro,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="43.818">43°49.080'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-92.015">92°0.900'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, el 283 m, 13.vii.1991, R.J. Blahnik, 1 male (pinned) (UMSP); Fillmore Co., Spring Valley, 15.vi.1935, 1 male (pinned) (UMSP); Koochiching Co, Rainey R., confl. Little Fork River, State Highway 11 nr. International Falls,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="48.519566">48°31.174'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-93.569565">93°34.174'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 12.vii.1999, D.C. Houghton, 983 males, 1461 females (alcohol) (UMSP); Koochiching Co., Big Fork River, State Highway 11, public access,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="48.511665">48°30.700'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-93.71257">93°42.754'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 12.vii.1999, D.C. Houghton, 35 males, 5 females (pinned), 421 males, 203 females (alcohol) (UMSP); Koochiching Co., Little Fork River, Minn. F.S., 17.vii.1968, E.F. Cook, 1 male (alcohol) (UMSP); Koochiching Co., Tamarac River, Pine Island State Forest, Balsiger F.R., 7 km E Waskish,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="48.158768">48°09.526'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-94.3825">94°22.950'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 23.vii.1999, D.C. Houghton, 1 female (pinned) (UMSP); Lyon Co., Redwood River, Camden State Park,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.3742">44°22.452'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-95.92191">95°55.315'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 06.vi.2000, D.C. Houghton, 1 male (alcohol) (UMSP); same locality, 31.vii.1999, D.C. Houghton, 1 male, 2 females (pinned) (UMSP); McLeod Co., Otter Creek, County Road 01,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.89445">44°53.667'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-94.0555">94°03.33'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 22.vi.2001, D.C. Houghton, 2 males (alcohol) (UMSP); Morrison Co., Mississippi River, Charles Lindberg State Park,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="45.95">45°57.000'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-94.388885">94°23.333'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 24.vi.2000, D.C. Houghton, 2 males (alcohol) (UMSP); Pine Co., Kettle River, Banning State Park,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="46.166668">46°10.000'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-92.833336">92°50.000'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 28.vi.2001, D.C. Houghton, 1 male (alcohol) (UMSP); Pine Co. Kettle River, 9.viii.1991, L.J. Luedeman, 4 males, 2 females (alcohol) (UMSP); Ramsey Co., St. Paul, University Farm, A.A. Granovsky, 20.viii.1935, 1 male (pinned) (UMSP); Rock Co., Rock River, County Road 1,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="43.544434">43°32.666'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-96.198616">96°11.917'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 07.vi.2000, D.C. Houghton, 9 males, 6 females (alcohol) (UMSP); Swift Co., Pomme de Terre River, State Road 12 rest area,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="45.290833">45°17.450'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-95.97908">95°58.745'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 335 m, 29.vii.1999, D.C.
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="20" pageNumber="21" start="start">Houghton</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, 7 males, 5 females (pinned) (UMSP); Wright Co., North Fork Crow River, public access,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="45.091667">45°05.500'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-93.86667">93°52.000'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 17.ix.2000, D.C. Houghton, 1 male, 1 female (alcohol) (UMSP); Wright Co., North Fork Crow River, County Road 115,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="45.091667">45°05.500'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-93.872215">93°52.333'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 27.vi.2001, D.C. Houghton, 25 males, 11 females (alcohol) (UMSP); Wright Co., Deer Lake, County Road 108,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="45.141666">45°08.500'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-93.91112">93°54.667'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 27.vi.2001, D.C. Houghton, 2 females (alcohol) (UMSP); Yellow Medicine Co., Yellow Medicine River, confl. Minnesota River, Upper Sioux Agency State Park,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.73865">44°44.319'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-95.43173">95°25.904'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 30.vii.1999, D.C. Houghton, 43 males, 30 females (alcohol) (UMSP); Yellow Medicine Co., Minnesota River, Mile 243.9, T115N, R38W, S28, 14.viii.1980, N. Potthoff, 5 males, 20 females (alcohol) (UMSP); Yellow Medicine Co., Minnesota River, picnic area, Upper Sioux Agency State Park,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.739883">44°44.393'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-95.4551">95°27.306'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 122 m, 30.vii.1999, D.C. Houghton, 10 males, 1 female (pinned) (UMSP); New York: Warren Co., Hudson River, Riparius,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="43.658333">43°39.5'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-73.89667">73°53.8'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 29.vii.1996, C.M. & O.S. Flint, Jr., 2 males (pinned) (NMNH); Wisconsin: Polk Co., St. Croix Falls, 29.viii.1937, L.R. Penner, 2 males, 10 females (pinned) (UMSP).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
Mexican, Central, and South American specimens identified previously as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been transferred to a number of new species in this paper. Some North American material has also been transferred to another new species,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis houghtoni" order="Trichoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="houghtoni">Oecetis houghtoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Most North American material examined was from Minnesota, where
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis houghtoni" order="Trichoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="houghtoni">Oecetis houghtoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
co-occur, sometimes at the same location. In Minnesota the 2 species are distinguishable by color attributes and also by minor genitalic characters. Available COI barcode data are consistent with the recognition of 2 species and conform to the morphological differences noted (Fig. 58). Only a limited amount of material from other localities in North America was examined. Some material examined from other localities conformed to the differences noted in the holotypes of the 2 species, and these are included in the materials examined list above, but specimens from other localities could not always be confidently identified. This may either represent variation within the 2 species, or additional unidentified species. A more extensive study of North American material is necessary to determine this, but was outside the scope of the current study. Figs 28 and 29-30 illustrate some of the variation encountered. See also the remarks section under
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis houghtoni" order="Trichoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="houghtoni">Oecetis houghtoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
The illustration of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 5) is taken from the holotype specimen. The holotype was reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, DH" journalOrPublisher="Quaestiones Entomologicae" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="641 - 656" title="Analysis of two problematic North American caddisfly species: Oecetis avara (Banks) and Oecetis disjuncta (Banks) (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae)." volume="16" year="1980">Smith and Lehmkuhl (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as having the phallic structure badly damaged, but this was not evident in our examination of the holotype. The species has been illustrated by a number of authors, but many of the illustrations vary from the genitalia of the holotype specimen. Although
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, DH" journalOrPublisher="Quaestiones Entomologicae" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="641 - 656" title="Analysis of two problematic North American caddisfly species: Oecetis avara (Banks) and Oecetis disjuncta (Banks) (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae)." volume="16" year="1980">Smith and Lehmkuhl (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported examining the type, the specimen illustrated was apparently a specimen from Saskatchewan determined to be
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="21" pageNumber="22" start="start">Oecetis</pageBreakToken>
|
||
avara
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and not that of the type itself. Due to the minor differences among species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, it is usually difficult to state conclusively which species was illustrated by different authors. Only the illustrations provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Betten, C" journalOrPublisher="New York State Museum Bulletin" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="1 - 576" title="The caddisflies or Trichoptera of New York State." volume="292" year="1934">Betten (1934)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Moulton, SR II" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 313" title="Caddisflies (Trichoptera) of the Interior Highlands of North America." volume="56" year="1996">Moulton and Stewart (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
conform closely enough to the holotype to be confidently identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The illustration by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bueno-Soria, J" journalOrPublisher="Folia Entomologica Mexicana" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="103 - 120" title="Estudios en insectos aquaticos de Mexico I. Trichoptera (Leptoceridae). Cinco nuevas especies de Oecetis McLachlan." volume="49" year="1981">Bueno-Soria (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is also similar to the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but may have been based on
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis verrucula" order="Trichoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verrucula">Oecetis verrucula</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., which occurs in Mexico and whose diagnostic ventral wart may have been omitted, since it is a relatively minor feature.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |