167 lines
18 KiB
XML
167 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="7F61E17BC4AA7BBC5D296D3FB20AA5FC" ID-DOI="10.1206/775.1" ID-ISSN="0003-0090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5399454" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630332142273" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="LeCroy, Mary" docDate="2012" docId="430787C0A83EFFE1FF23FCEBFB1F0C35" docLanguage="en" docName="B368.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2012 (368)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/775.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6.9:BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleId="915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Geospiza acutirostris Ridgway 1894" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="38" masterDocId="BF3EFFB8A818FFC7FF95FFD5FFBD091A" masterDocTitle="Type Specimens Of Birds In The American Museum Of Natural History Part 10. Passeriformes: Emberizidae: Emberizinae, Catamblyrhynchinae, Cardinalinae, Thraupinae, And Tersininae" masterLastPageNumber="125" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="38" updateTime="1699231153657" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="F07F3C0372E868ECA073212C1D4DB67F">Type Specimens Of Birds In The American Museum Of Natural History Part 10. Passeriformes: Emberizidae: Emberizinae, Catamblyrhynchinae, Cardinalinae, Thraupinae, And Tersininae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5661C7DA5F6579109BF38CECCCBEBC67">LeCroy, Mary</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E906DEB8E1BE594104ACE54550BC92FA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="03E256ADCF41B7230EAF38C09DA5DD49">Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="7659E45B5E92A75B4D1FCA7332159D63">
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<mods:date id="CE6E5AC4D038F9B043842660DA18EBC2">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="85AB801D29D9BEF0D0E46250DE307A50">2012-06-21</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="EB642098F839E9BCF6238F211523547B">2012</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="56A07D4B4F31D5BE38433A0F5A94FB56">368</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="F4A84D071BA3A20146B86FF3BBC8835D" type="DOI">10.1206/775.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4A49FF713FDFECF89ECE623CD326C5D8" type="ISSN">0003-0090</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0C200BBD4EA8EF64369A26D2D41B7954" type="Zenodo-Dep">5399454</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="430787C0A83EFFE1FF23FCEBFB1F0C35" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:430787C0A83EFFE1FF23FCEBFB1F0C35" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/430787C0A83EFFE1FF23FCEBFB1F0C35" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">
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<subSubSection id="83B4655DA83EFFE1FF23FCEBFDAF0A4E" box="[182,530,830,852]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="CB1136D6A83EFFE1FF23FCEBFDAF0A4E" blockId="38.[182,530,830,852]" box="[182,530,830,852]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">
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<heading id="905981BAA83EFFE1FF23FCEBFDAF0A4E" box="[182,530,830,852]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="0CAE4D55A83EFFE1FF23FCEBFDAF0A4E" ID-CoL="3FSBW" authority="Ridgway" authorityName="Ridgway" authorityYear="1894" box="[182,530,830,852]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Geospiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutirostris">
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<emphasis id="F9DAEAC4A83EFFE1FF23FCEBFDAF0A4E" bold="true" box="[182,530,830,852]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">
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<emphasis id="F9DAEAC4A83EFFE1FF23FCEBFE180A49" bold="true" box="[182,421,830,851]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">Geospiza acutirostris</emphasis>
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Ridgway
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="83B4655DA83EFFE1FFC8FCB9FE310AF1" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="CB1136D6A83EFFE1FFC8FCB9FEFB0A80" blockId="38.[93,620,876,1003]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="EBBE11F8A83EFFE1FFC8FCB9FEFB0A80" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">
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<treatmentCitation id="4A0F10C7A83EFFE1FFC8FCB9FDA80A65" author="Ridgway, R." box="[93,533,876,895]" page="363" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" year="1894">
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<taxonomicName id="0CAE4D55A83EFFE1FFC8FCB9FDA80A65" ID-CoL="3FSBW" authority="Ridgway, 1894: 363" authorityName="Ridgway" authorityPageNumber="363" authorityYear="1894" box="[93,533,876,895]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Geospiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutirostris">
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<emphasis id="F9DAEAC4A83EFFE1FFC8FCB9FE880A64" box="[93,309,876,895]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">Geospiza acutirostris</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="AF3F4B27A83EFFE1FED5FCB9FDA80A65" author="Ridgway, R." box="[320,533,876,895]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" pagination="357 - 370" refId="ref100970" refString="Ridgway, R. 1894. Descriptions of twenty-two new species of birds from the Galapagos Islands. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 17: 357 - 370." type="journal article" year="1894">Ridgway, 1894: 363</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(Tower Island,
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<collectingRegion id="096AF834A83EFFE1FF52FC52FE860A80" box="[199,315,903,922]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">Galapagos</collectingRegion>
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).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CB1136D6A83EFFE1FFC8FC76FE310AF1" blockId="38.[93,620,876,1003]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="EBBE11F8A83EFFE1FFC8FC76FE310AF1" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">
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Now
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<taxonomicName id="0CAE4D55A83EFFE1FF0CFC76FD810AAC" ID-CoL="5HG3S" authority="difficilis Sharpe, 1888" authorityName="Sharpe" authorityYear="1888" box="[153,572,930,950]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Geospiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="difficilis" subSpecies="difficilis">
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<emphasis id="F9DAEAC4A83EFFE1FF0CFC76FE150AAC" box="[153,424,930,950]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">Geospiza difficilis difficilis</emphasis>
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Sharpe, 1888
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</taxonomicName>
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. See
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<treatmentCitation id="4A0F10C7A83EFFE1FFEDFC68FE3F0ACA" author="Hellmayr, C. E." box="[120,386,957,976]" page="132" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" year="1938">
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<bibRefCitation id="AF3F4B27A83EFFE1FFEDFC68FE3F0ACA" author="Hellmayr, C. E." box="[120,386,957,976]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" refId="ref96659" refString="Hellmayr, C. E. 1938. Catalogue of birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands. Part XI. Ploceidae - Catamblyrhynchidae - Fringillidae." type="book" year="1938">Hellmayr, 1938: 132–133</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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,
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<treatmentCitation id="4A0F10C7A83EFFE1FE05FC6BFDDA0ACA" author="Paynter, R. A., Jr." box="[400,615,957,977]" page="162" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" year="1970">
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<bibRefCitation id="AF3F4B27A83EFFE1FE05FC6BFDDA0ACA" author="Paynter, R. A., Jr." box="[400,615,957,977]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" pagination="3 - 214" refId="ref99881" refString="Paynter, R. A., Jr. 1970 b. Emberizinae. In R. A. Paynter, Jr. (editor) in consultation with E. Mayr, Check-list of birds of the world. Volume 13, pp. 3 - 214. Cambridge, MA: Museum of Comparative Zoology, xiv + 443 pp." type="book chapter" year="1970">Paynter, 1970b: 162</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, and Dickinson, 2003: 795.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="83B4655DA83EFFE1FFEFFBD6FE2F0DB4" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="CB1136D6A83EFFE1FFEFFBD6FE2F0DB4" blockId="38.[93,620,1027,1759]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">
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<materialsCitation id="7BC63C8BA83EFFE1FFEFFBD6FE2F0DB4" collectionCode="AMNH" collectorName="G. Baur Collection" country="Ecuador" latitude="0.2" location="Galapagos Islands" longLatPrecision="785" longitude="-89.58" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" specimenCode="AMNH 517637" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Galapagos" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="14158874A83EFFE1FFEFFBD6FF470D03" box="[122,250,1027,1051]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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:
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<emphasis id="F9DAEAC4A83EFFE1FE8AFBD1FE540D03" bold="true" box="[287,489,1028,1049]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">
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<specimenCode id="9B089EADA83EFFE1FE8AFBD1FE540D03" box="[287,489,1028,1049]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">AMNH 517637</specimenCode>
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</emphasis>
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, unsexed [black adult male plumage], collected on Genovesa (5 Tower) Island,
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<geoCoordinate id="AE9A5011A83EFFE1FD9AFB95FDDA0D4F" box="[527,615,1088,1109]" degrees="00.20" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" precision="555" value="0.2">00.20N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="AE9A5011A83EFFE1FFC8FB88FF0B0D69" box="[93,182,1117,1139]" degrees="89.58" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" precision="555" value="-89.58">89.58W</geoCoordinate>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="AF3F4B27A83EFFE1FF5CFB88FECC0D69" author="Paynter, R. A., Jr." box="[201,369,1117,1139]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" refId="ref100248" refString="Paynter, R. A., Jr. 1993. Ornithological gazetteer of Ecuador, 2 nd ed. Cambridge, MA: Museum of Comparative Zoology, ix + 247 pp., 2 maps." type="book" year="1993">Paynter, 1993</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<collectingRegion id="096AF834A83EFFE1FE1CFB88FDDA0D69" box="[393,615,1117,1139]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">Galapagos Islands</collectingRegion>
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||
,
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<collectingCountry id="B3B97646A83EFFE1FFC8FBAEFF790D8B" box="[93,196,1147,1169]" name="Ecuador" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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. From the
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<collectorName id="665B5300A83EFFE1FEC1FBAEFD810D8B" box="[340,572,1147,1169]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">G. Baur Collection</collectorName>
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via the Rothschild Collection.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="83B4655DA83EFFE1FFEFFB61FB1F0C35" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="CB1136D6A83EFFE1FFEFFB61FCBB0A06" blockId="38.[93,620,1027,1759]" lastBlockId="38.[667,1194,213,1270]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">
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COMMENTS: In the original description, Ridgway gave only the measurements in inches of the type, which was stated to be from Tower Island and in G. Baur’s collection, and mentioned that there were
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<specimenCount id="DDA8FD5FA83EFFE1FDB9FAF8FF680C7A" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" type="generic">seven specimens</specimenCount>
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, four of which were in black plumage. This description was repeated by
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<bibRefCitation id="AF3F4B27A83EFFE1FFC8FA50FE1E0C80" author="Ridgway, R." box="[93,419,1412,1435]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" pagination="459 - 670" refId="ref101032" refString="Ridgway, R. 1896 b. Birds of the Galapagos Archipelago. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 19: 459 - 670." type="journal article" year="1896">Ridgway (1896b: 531–532)</bibRefCitation>
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and the bill is illustrated in pl. LVII, fig. 21. AMNH 517637 bears an unnumbered USNM type label with the name, locality, Baur’s name, and the number 661 (probably Baur’s field number, but not cited in the description), indicating that it was the specimen Ridgway intended as the type. It bears as well a Rothschild type label with the name, locality, the number 661, and a reference to the description. Ridgway’s measurements of the type were given in tenths of inches, which
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<bibRefCitation id="AF3F4B27A83EFFE1FD0EFF00FB8809F1" author="Rothschild, W. & E. Hartert" box="[667,1077,213,235]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" pagination="85 - 205" refId="ref101261" refString="Rothschild, W., and E. Hartert. 1899. A review of the ornithology of the Galapagos Islands. With notes on the Webster - Harris Expedition. Novitates Zoologicae 6: 85 - 205, pls. V, VI." type="journal article" year="1899">Rothschild and Hartert (1899: 162)</bibRefCitation>
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said were correctly given. Measurements in millimeters given by
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<bibRefCitation id="AF3F4B27A83EFFE1FC9FFEC5FC42083C" author="Ridgway, R." box="[778,1023,272,294]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" refId="ref101058" refString="Ridgway, R. 1901. The birds of North and Middle America. Part 1. Family Fringillidae - the finches. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 50: xxx + 715 pp., 20 pls." type="book" year="1901">Ridgway (1901: 506)</bibRefCitation>
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were not said to be of the type, but are a direct conversion from the inches given earlier. A footnote on p. 507 noted that the type was by that time in the Rothschild Collection.
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<bibRefCitation id="AF3F4B27A83EFFE1FC6DFE53FD7008A0" author="Hartert, E." pageId="38" pageNumber="38" pagination="123 - 178" refId="ref95790" refString="Hartert, E. 1919. Types of birds in the Tring Museum. B. Types in the general collection. Novitates Zoologicae 26: 123 - 178." type="journal article" year="1919">Hartert (1919: 152)</bibRefCitation>
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listed the type without adding any information. Ridgway’s measurements (in millimeters) of the type were: wing 62.23, tail, 40.13, culmen 13.97, depth of bill at base 7.62. My measurements of AMNH 517637 are: wing 63.0, tail 39.5, culmen 14.0, bill depth 8.0. Because the
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<specimenCount id="DDA8FD5FA83EFFE1FC3EFD80FBAC0B70" box="[939,1041,597,618]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" type="generic">two type</specimenCount>
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labels which AMNH 517637 bears indicate that it is Ridgway’s selected type and the measurements are very close, I consider it the
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<typeStatus id="14158874A83EFFE1FD0EFD1EFCB80BFB" box="[667,773,715,737]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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. It is unclear whether Ridgway’s wing measurement was made before or after skinning.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CB1136D6A83EFFE1FD2DFCF0FB230DEC" blockId="38.[667,1194,213,1270]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">
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Contra Ridgway, there are eight Baur specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="0CAE4D55A83EFFE1FCDFFC96FC770A42" authorityName="Ridgway" authorityYear="1894" box="[842,970,835,856]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Geospiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutirostris">
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<emphasis id="F9DAEAC4A83EFFE1FCDFFC96FC770A42" box="[842,970,835,856]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">acutirostris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in AMNH from the Rothschild Collection. All of them are ‘‘ex spirits.’’ Three of them, including the type, are black males, one is unsexed but blackish, and four are females.
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<typeStatus id="14158874A83EFFE1FB83FC6CFB340AD4" box="[1046,1161,953,974]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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in AMNH are:
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<emphasis id="F9DAEAC4A83EFFE1FCAEFC03FBEE0AF1" bold="true" box="[827,1107,982,1003]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">AMNH 517630–517636</emphasis>
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. There seems to be no way to tell which three of the
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<specimenCount id="DDA8FD5FA83EFFE1FD0EFBC4FC8E0D3D" box="[667,819,1041,1063]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" type="female">four females</specimenCount>
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Ridgway examined, nor is it clear whether they were made into skins before Ridgway saw them or whether this was done by Rothschild. All of them are labeled
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<taxonomicName id="0CAE4D55A83EFFE1FD6CFB5DFCC40D87" authorityName="Ridgway" authorityYear="1894" box="[761,889,1160,1181]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Geospiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutirostris">
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<emphasis id="F9DAEAC4A83EFFE1FD6CFB5DFCC40D87" box="[761,889,1160,1181]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">acutirostris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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on the Rothschild label. In the absence of further information, I have considered the
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<specimenCount id="DDA8FD5FA83EFFE1FCDCFB16FBB90DC3" box="[841,1028,1219,1241]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" type="generic">seven specimens</specimenCount>
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in addition to the
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<typeStatus id="14158874A83EFFE1FD5DFB35FC920DEC" box="[712,815,1248,1270]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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to be
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<typeStatus id="14158874A83EFFE1FCE9FB34FC500DEC" box="[892,1005,1249,1270]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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||
of
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<taxonomicName id="0CAE4D55A83EFFE1FB8DFB34FB2A0DEC" authorityName="Ridgway" authorityYear="1894" box="[1048,1175,1249,1270]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Geospiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutirostris">
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||
<emphasis id="F9DAEAC4A83EFFE1FB8DFB34FB2A0DEC" box="[1048,1175,1249,1270]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">acutirostris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CB1136D6A83EFFE1FD37FACCFB1F0C35" blockId="38.[674,1186,1304,1356]" box="[674,1186,1304,1327]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0CAE4D55A83EFFE1FD37FACCFB1F0C35" box="[674,1186,1304,1327]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9DAEAC4A83EFFE1FD37FACCFB1F0C35" bold="true" box="[674,1186,1304,1327]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9DAEAC4A83EFFE1FD37FACCFB9D0C35" bold="true" box="[674,1056,1304,1327]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">Geospiza scandens septentrionalis</emphasis>
|
||
Rothschild
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |