414 lines
65 KiB
XML
414 lines
65 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="39FAABA23FBC26BB595C9760F486A44F">Dendrochirotida (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the northeastern coast of Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="23D05532123D4819EB20E91EABC2F858">Manso, Cynthia Lara De Castro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="18F87B2043665201009500BD38C6E2A1">Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="180D87ABCD37B41E03AAE4E4FE86F4F5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3812070" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163418812" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3812070" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:180D87ABCD37B41E03AAE4E4FE86F4F5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/180D87ABCD37B41E03AAE4E4FE86F4F5" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="411" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
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<paragraph id="901B36BDCD37B41C03AAE4E4FD7AF5B6" blockId="8.[151,759,153,216]" box="[151,759,153,180]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
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<heading id="CB5381D1CD37B41C03AAE4E4FD7AF5B6" bold="true" box="[151,759,153,180]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD37B41C03AAE4E4FD7AF5B6" bold="true" box="[151,759,153,180]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
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<taxonomicName id="57A44D3ECD37B41C03AAE4E4FDE7F5B1" authority="(Verrill, 1868)" authorityName="Prata & Manso & Christoffersen" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[151,618,153,180]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parathyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="braziliensis" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD37B41C03AAE4E4FE39F5B6" bold="true" box="[151,436,153,180]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Parathyone braziliensis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD37B41C02FEE4E4FDECF5B1" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[451,609,153,179]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="351 - 371" refId="ref36904" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1868) Notice on the corals and echinoderms collected by Prof. C. F. Hartt at the Abrolhos reefs, Province of Bahia, Brasil, 1867. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1, 351 - 371." type="journal article" year="1868">Verrill, 1868</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9E357D4CD37B41C014CE4E7FD7AF5B6" box="[625,759,154,180]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="D8BE6536CD37B41C03AAE4C0FEA2F5DA" box="[151,303,189,216]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="description">
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<paragraph id="901B36BDCD37B41C03AAE4C0FEA2F5DA" blockId="8.[151,759,153,216]" box="[151,303,189,216]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
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(
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<figureCitation id="089F2A38CD37B41C03A2E4C0FEAAF5DA" box="[159,295,189,216]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="9.[151,250,1716,1741]" captionStartId-1="10.[151,250,1749,1774]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,181,1690]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,525,1724]" captionTargetId-0="figure@9.[151,1436,181,1690]" captionTargetId-1="figure@10.[151,1436,525,1724]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionText-0="FIGURE 4. Parathyone braziliensis (Verrill, 1868), UFPB.ECH-1063. A, external view of the animal; B, animal in natural environment; C, dorsal view of the calcareous ring, detail of radial plate; D, dorsal view of the calcareous ring, detail of interradial plate; E, ventral view of the calcareous ring, detail of radial plate; F, ventral view of the calcareous ring, detail of interradial plate. Where, IRd = dorsal interradial plate; Rd = dorsal radial plate; IRv = ventral interradial plate; Rv = ventral radial plate; PA = point of attachment of the retractor muscles and notch for the passage of radial nerves. (Figure B by Alvaro Borba)." captionText-1="FIGURE 5. Parathyone braziliensis (Verrill, 1868), UFPB.ECH-1063.A, baskets from tentacles; B, rosettes from tentacles; C, rod and elongated plate from tentacles; D, baskets from introvert; E, plate from introvert; F, rosette from introvert; G, baskets from body wall; H, buttons from body wall; I, supporting rod; J, endplate; K–L, supporting plates from tube feet." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735173" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735175" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3735173/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3735175/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Figures 4–5</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D8BE6536CD37B41C03AAE57FFBBAF474" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="901B36BDCD37B41C03AAE57FFE83F43A" blockId="8.[151,1436,257,374]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="B0B41193CD37B41C03AAE57FFE83F43A" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
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<treatmentCitation id="110510ACCD37B41C03AAE57FFD60F418" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[151,749,257,282]" page="371" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" year="1868">
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<taxonomicName id="57A44D3ECD37B41C03AAE57FFD60F418" authority="Verrill, 1868: 370 - 371" authorityName="Verrill" authorityPageNumber="370 - 371" authorityYear="1868" box="[151,749,257,282]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="braziliensis" subGenus="Sclerodactyla">
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<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD37B41C03AAE57FFF6FF418" box="[151,226,258,282]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Thyone</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD37B41C03CCE57FFEF6F418" box="[241,379,258,282]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Sclerodactyla</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD37B41C02B7E57FFE72F418" box="[394,511,258,282]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">braziliensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD37B41C0139E57CFD60F418" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[516,749,257,282]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="351 - 371" refId="ref36904" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1868) Notice on the corals and echinoderms collected by Prof. C. F. Hartt at the Abrolhos reefs, Province of Bahia, Brasil, 1867. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1, 351 - 371." type="journal article" year="1868">Verrill, 1868: 370–371</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
, pl. IV, fig. 8;
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<treatmentCitation id="110510ACCD37B41C0042E57CFBC9F418" author="Rathbun, R." box="[895,1092,257,282]" page="141" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" year="1879">
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<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD37B41C0042E57CFBC9F418" author="Rathbun, R." box="[895,1092,257,282]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="139 - 151" refId="ref35380" refString="Rathbun, R. (1879) A list of the Brazilian echinoderms, with notes on their distribution. T. Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 5, 139 - 151. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 16126" type="journal article" year="1879">Rathbun 1879: 141</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="110510ACCD37B41C0770E57FFAE1F418" author="Ancona Lopez, A. A." box="[1101,1388,257,282]" page="14-17" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" year="1957">Ancona-Lopez 1957: 14–17</treatmentCitation>
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, figs 34–44.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="901B36BDCD37B41C03AAE542FBBAF474" blockId="8.[151,1436,257,374]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="B0B41193CD37B41C03AAE542FBBAF474" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
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<taxonomicName id="57A44D3ECD37B41C03AAE542FD17F455" ID-CoL="48H54" authority=": Tiago & Ditadi 2001: 379 - 384" authorityName=": Tiago & Ditadi" authorityPageNumber="379 - 384" authorityYear="2001" box="[151,666,318,343]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Ocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="braziliensis">
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<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD37B41C03AAE542FEDEF455" box="[151,339,319,343]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Ocnus braziliensis</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="110510ACCD37B41C0262E543FD17F455" author="Tiago, C. G. & Ditadi, A. S. F." box="[351,666,318,343]" page="384" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" year="2001">
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<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD37B41C0262E543FD17F455" author="Tiago, C. G. & Ditadi, A. S. F." box="[351,666,318,343]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="379 - 384" refId="ref36339" refString="Tiago, C. G. & Ditadi, A. S. F. (2001) Holothurians from Brazilian coast: A historical survey. In: Barker, M. (Ed.), Echinoderms 2000. Balkema, Lisse, pp. 379 - 384." type="book chapter" year="2001">Tiago & Ditadi 2001: 379–384</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="110510ACCD37B41C0199E543FC26F455" author="Magalhaes, W. F. & Martins, L. R. & Alves, O. F. S." box="[676,939,318,343]" page="63" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" year="2005">
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<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD37B41C0199E543FC26F455" author="Magalhaes, W. F. & Martins, L. R. & Alves, O. F. S." box="[676,939,318,343]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="61 - 65" refId="ref32710" refString="Magalhaes, W. F., Martins, L. R. & Alves, O. F. S. (2005) Inventario dos Echinodermata do Estado da Bahia. Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology, 9 (1), 61 - 65. https: // doi. org / 10.14210 / bjast. v 9 n 1. p 61 - 65" type="journal article" year="2005">
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Magalhães
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<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD37B41C002AE53DFCC9F455" box="[791,836,319,343]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">et al</emphasis>
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. 2005: 63
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="110510ACCD37B41C008BE542FB51F455" author="Prata Oliveira, J. & Oliveira, J. & Manso, C. L. C." box="[950,1244,318,343]" page="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" year="2010">
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<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD37B41C008BE542FB51F455" author="Prata Oliveira, J. & Oliveira, J. & Manso, C. L. C." box="[950,1244,318,343]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref34945" refString="Prata Oliveira, J., Oliveira, J. & Manso, C. L. C. (2010) Inventario da colecao de equinodermos do LABIMAR, Campus Prof. Alberto Carvalho, Universidade Federal de Sergipe. Scientia Plena, 6, 1 - 14. Available from: https: // www. scientiaplena. org. br / sp / article / view / 314 / 83 (accessed 04 March 2020)" type="journal article" year="2010">
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||
Prata Oliveira
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||
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD37B41C0774E53DFBF8F455" box="[1097,1141,319,343]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2010: 12
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
, fig. 5f;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="110510ACCD37B41C060CE543FEBBF477" author="Gondim, A. I. & Dias, T. L. P. & Campos, F. F. & Alonso, C. & Christoffersen, M. L." page="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" year="2011">
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<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD37B41C060CE543FEBBF477" author="Gondim, A. I. & Dias, T. L. P. & Campos, F. F. & Alonso, C. & Christoffersen, M. L." pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="75 - 85" refId="ref31666" refString="Gondim, A. I., Dias, T. L. P., Campos, F. F., Alonso, C. & Christoffersen, M. L. (2011) Macrofauna bentica do Parque Estadual Marinho de Areia Vermelha, Cabedelo, Paraiba, Brasil. Biota Neotropica, 11 (2), 75 - 85. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032011000200009" type="journal article" year="2011">
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Gondim
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<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD37B41C06B7E53DFF56F474" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011: 7
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="110510ACCD37B41C027CE520FDB3F474" author="Miranda, A. L. S. & Lima, M. L. F. & Sovierzoski, H. H. & Correia, M. D." box="[321,574,349,374]" page="141" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" year="2012">
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<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD37B41C027CE520FDB3F474" author="Miranda, A. L. S. & Lima, M. L. F. & Sovierzoski, H. H. & Correia, M. D." box="[321,574,349,374]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="135 - 146" refId="ref33456" refString="Miranda, A. L. S., Lima, M. L. F., Sovierzoski, H. H. & Correia, M. D. (2012) Inventory of the Echinodermata collection from the Universidade Federal de Alagoas. Biota Neotropica, 12 (2), 135 - 146. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032012000200014" type="journal article" year="2012">
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<collectingRegion id="5260F85FCD37B41C027CE520FE1AF474" box="[321,407,349,374]" country="Venezuela" name="Miranda" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Miranda</collectingRegion>
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<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD37B41C02A0E523FE44F474" box="[413,457,350,374]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">et al</emphasis>
|
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. 2012: 141
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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, fig. 3b;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="110510ACCD37B41C01A5E520FC4BF474" author="Miranda, L. S. A. & Sovierzoski, H. H. & Correia, D. M." box="[664,966,349,374]" page="116" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" year="2015">
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<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD37B41C01A5E520FC4BF474" author="Miranda, L. S. A. & Sovierzoski, H. H. & Correia, D. M." box="[664,966,349,374]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="111 - 125" refId="ref33379" refString="Miranda, L. S. A., Sovierzoski, H. H. & Correia, D. M. (2015) Holothuroidea (Echinodermata) from reef ecosystems on the central coast of Alagoas, Brazil, with a new record to South Atlantic Ocean. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 56, 111 - 125. https: // doi. org / 10.21411 / CBM. A. 5 C 397049" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5260F85FCD37B41C01A5E520FD63F474" box="[664,750,349,374]" country="Venezuela" name="Miranda" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Miranda</collectingRegion>
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD37B41C01C9E523FCACF474" box="[756,801,350,374]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2015: 116–117
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, figs 5g–h.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8BE6536CD37B41C03AAE5DEFB67F4E1" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="901B36BDCD37B41C03AAE5DEFB67F4E1" blockId="8.[151,1437,419,2030]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD37B41C03AAE5DEFE0FF4BC" bold="true" box="[151,386,419,446]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="20CC3CE0CD37B41C02B6E5DEFEACF4E1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2594296615" collectionCode="UFPB" country="Brazil" location="Diogo Lopes" municipality="Tubarao River" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Norte State">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD37B41C02B6E5DEFCB8F4BC" bold="true" box="[395,821,419,446]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5260F85FCD37B41C02B6E5DEFD59F4BC" box="[395,724,419,446]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Norte" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Rio Grande do Norte State</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8B3762DCD37B41C01DFE5DEFCA2F4BC" box="[738,815,419,446]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="86A2FD34CD37B41C0000E5D9FC1DF4BD" box="[829,912,420,447]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="generic">3 spec.</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="707FACC7CD37B41C00A1E5D9FBCCF4BC" box="[924,1089,420,446]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Tubarão River</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="957B6066CD37B41C0773E5D9FB69F4BD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:180D87ABCD37B41E03AAE4E4FE86F4F5:957B6066CD37B41C0773E5D9FB69F4BD" box="[1102,1252,420,447]" country="Brazil" municipality="Tubarao River" name="Diogo Lopes" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Norte State">Diogo Lopes</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8B3762DCD37B41C07CCE5D8FAB0F4BD" box="[1265,1341,421,447]" name="Macao" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Macau</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6B5AE78CD37B41C0672E5D8FA14F4BD" box="[1359,1433,421,447]" collectionName="UFPB" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pjvz-tkai" name="Departamento de Sistematica e Ecologia" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">UFPB</collectionCode>
|
||
. ECH-1619).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="20CC3CE0CD37B41C0215E5BAFB67F4E1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2594296603" box="[296,1258,455,483]" collectionCode="UFPB" country="Brazil" location="Joao Pessoa" municipality="Cabo Branco Beach" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Paraiba State">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD37B41C0215E5BAFDA6F4E0" bold="true" box="[296,555,455,482]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5260F85FCD37B41C0215E5BAFE41F4E0" box="[296,460,455,482]" country="Brazil" name="Paraiba" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Paraíba State</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8B3762DCD37B41C02E5E5BAFDA8F4E0" box="[472,549,455,482]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="86A2FD34CD37B41C010FE5B5FD0FF4E1" box="[562,642,456,483]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="707FACC7CD37B41C01B3E5B5FCFCF4E0" box="[654,881,456,483]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Cabo Branco Beach</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="957B6066CD37B41C0046E5B4FB8FF4E1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:180D87ABCD37B41E03AAE4E4FE86F4F5:957B6066CD37B41C0046E5B4FB8FF4E1" box="[891,1026,457,483]" country="Brazil" municipality="Cabo Branco Beach" name="Joao Pessoa" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" stateProvince="Paraiba State">João Pessoa</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6B5AE78CD37B41C072FE5B5FBD0F4E1" box="[1042,1117,456,483]" collectionName="UFPB" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pjvz-tkai" name="Departamento de Sistematica e Ecologia" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">UFPB</collectionCode>
|
||
.ECH-1063).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8BE6536CD37B41C03FAE591FC93F705" box="[199,798,491,519]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="901B36BDCD37B41C03FAE591FC93F705" blockId="8.[151,1437,419,2030]" box="[199,798,491,519]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD37B41C03FAE591FEEBF704" bold="true" box="[199,358,491,518]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
|
||
<typeStatus id="4F1F881FCD37B41C03FAE591FE8FF704" box="[199,258,492,518]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Abrolhos,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5260F85FCD37B41C02DEE591FDAAF704" box="[483,551,492,518]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Bahia</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8B3762DCD37B41C010FE591FDFBF704" box="[562,630,492,518]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD37B41C01B8E591FC9CF705" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[645,785,492,519]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="351 - 371" refId="ref36904" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1868) Notice on the corals and echinoderms collected by Prof. C. F. Hartt at the Abrolhos reefs, Province of Bahia, Brasil, 1867. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1, 351 - 371." type="journal article" year="1868">Verrill 1868</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8BE6536CD37B41C03FAE672FCB3F064" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="901B36BDCD37B41C03FAE672FC9FF1D4" blockId="8.[151,1437,419,2030]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD37B41C03FAE672FED4F728" bold="true" box="[199,345,527,554]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimen UFPB.ECH-1063. Barrel-shaped body,
|
||
<quantity id="575C9B58CD37B41C009CE66DFC79F729" box="[929,1012,528,555]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, and
|
||
<quantity id="575C9B58CD37B41C074EE66DFB48F729" box="[1139,1221,528,555]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide in mid-body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="089F2A38CD37B41C03A2E649FF7CF74C" box="[159,241,564,590]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1716,1741]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1690]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,181,1690]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Parathyone braziliensis (Verrill, 1868), UFPB.ECH-1063. A, external view of the animal; B, animal in natural environment; C, dorsal view of the calcareous ring, detail of radial plate; D, dorsal view of the calcareous ring, detail of interradial plate; E, ventral view of the calcareous ring, detail of radial plate; F, ventral view of the calcareous ring, detail of interradial plate. Where, IRd = dorsal interradial plate; Rd = dorsal radial plate; IRv = ventral interradial plate; Rv = ventral radial plate; PA = point of attachment of the retractor muscles and notch for the passage of radial nerves. (Figure B by Alvaro Borba)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3735173/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A–B). Soft skin, thin. Color grayish brown, with brown to blue spots scattered, darker in the interradii. Mouth and anus slightly upturned, five anal teeth present. Tentacles 10, bushy, four most ventral reduced. Tube feet short, distributed in two rows in the radii, and more rows in the interradii, covering the body. Calcareous ring simple with short posterior processes, robust. Dorsal radial plates slightly narrowed anteriorly, at the point of attachment of the retractor muscles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="089F2A38CD37B41C028CE6B9FD86F7DC" box="[433,523,708,734]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1716,1741]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1690]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,181,1690]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Parathyone braziliensis (Verrill, 1868), UFPB.ECH-1063. A, external view of the animal; B, animal in natural environment; C, dorsal view of the calcareous ring, detail of radial plate; D, dorsal view of the calcareous ring, detail of interradial plate; E, ventral view of the calcareous ring, detail of radial plate; F, ventral view of the calcareous ring, detail of interradial plate. Where, IRd = dorsal interradial plate; Rd = dorsal radial plate; IRv = ventral interradial plate; Rv = ventral radial plate; PA = point of attachment of the retractor muscles and notch for the passage of radial nerves. (Figure B by Alvaro Borba)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3735173/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
); dorsal interradial plates triangular, notched posteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="089F2A38CD37B41C07A8E6B9FB7DF7DC" box="[1173,1264,708,734]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1716,1741]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1690]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,181,1690]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Parathyone braziliensis (Verrill, 1868), UFPB.ECH-1063. A, external view of the animal; B, animal in natural environment; C, dorsal view of the calcareous ring, detail of radial plate; D, dorsal view of the calcareous ring, detail of interradial plate; E, ventral view of the calcareous ring, detail of radial plate; F, ventral view of the calcareous ring, detail of interradial plate. Where, IRd = dorsal interradial plate; Rd = dorsal radial plate; IRv = ventral interradial plate; Rv = ventral radial plate; PA = point of attachment of the retractor muscles and notch for the passage of radial nerves. (Figure B by Alvaro Borba)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3735173/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ventral radial plate bigger than dorsal, with posterior processes more evident (
|
||
<figureCitation id="089F2A38CD37B41C005BE695FC33F600" box="[870,958,744,770]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1716,1741]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1690]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,181,1690]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Parathyone braziliensis (Verrill, 1868), UFPB.ECH-1063. A, external view of the animal; B, animal in natural environment; C, dorsal view of the calcareous ring, detail of radial plate; D, dorsal view of the calcareous ring, detail of interradial plate; E, ventral view of the calcareous ring, detail of radial plate; F, ventral view of the calcareous ring, detail of interradial plate. Where, IRd = dorsal interradial plate; Rd = dorsal radial plate; IRv = ventral interradial plate; Rv = ventral radial plate; PA = point of attachment of the retractor muscles and notch for the passage of radial nerves. (Figure B by Alvaro Borba)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3735173/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
|
||
); ventral interradial plates with deep notch posteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="089F2A38CD37B41C021DE771FEFBF624" box="[288,374,780,806]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1716,1741]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1690]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,181,1690]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Parathyone braziliensis (Verrill, 1868), UFPB.ECH-1063. A, external view of the animal; B, animal in natural environment; C, dorsal view of the calcareous ring, detail of radial plate; D, dorsal view of the calcareous ring, detail of interradial plate; E, ventral view of the calcareous ring, detail of radial plate; F, ventral view of the calcareous ring, detail of interradial plate. Where, IRd = dorsal interradial plate; Rd = dorsal radial plate; IRv = ventral interradial plate; Rv = ventral radial plate; PA = point of attachment of the retractor muscles and notch for the passage of radial nerves. (Figure B by Alvaro Borba)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3735173/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Two rounded madreporites, stone canals short, one longer than the other. Two Polian vesicles balloon-shaped, one smaller. Retractor muscles thin, about half body length. Longitudinal muscles thin. Respiratory trees with short branches. Gonads in a single tuft, with tubules unbranched. Body wall ossicles consist of baskets, with four to eight holes, some irregular, usually shallow, about 12 spines on the crown (
|
||
<quantity id="575C9B58CD37B41C07B2E70AFB51F691" box="[1167,1244,887,915]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 µm</quantity>
|
||
long) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="089F2A38CD37B41C060FE705FA02F690" box="[1330,1423,887,914]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1749,1774]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,525,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,525,1724]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Parathyone braziliensis (Verrill, 1868), UFPB.ECH-1063.A, baskets from tentacles; B, rosettes from tentacles; C, rod and elongated plate from tentacles; D, baskets from introvert; E, plate from introvert; F, rosette from introvert; G, baskets from body wall; H, buttons from body wall; I, supporting rod; J, endplate; K–L, supporting plates from tube feet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735175" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3735175/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Fig. 5G</figureCitation>
|
||
); irregular plates with four or more holes, two central ones bigger (
|
||
<quantity id="575C9B58CD37B41C00B9E7E1FC5DF6B5" box="[900,976,924,951]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" unit="mm" value="90.0">90 µm</quantity>
|
||
long); knobbed buttons with four holes, two central ones bigger (
|
||
<quantity id="575C9B58CD37B41C0290E7BDFE7AF6D9" box="[429,503,960,987]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" unit="mm" value="90.0">90 µm</quantity>
|
||
long); knobbed buttons thin, irregular, with four or more holes (
|
||
<quantity id="575C9B58CD37B41C07F4E7BDFA99F6D9" box="[1225,1300,960,987]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" unit="mm" value="80.0">80 µm</quantity>
|
||
long); large buttons with six holes and large knobs (
|
||
<quantity id="575C9B58CD37B41C016FE799FD27F6FD" box="[594,682,996,1023]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 µm</quantity>
|
||
long) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="089F2A38CD37B41C01C6E799FCD8F6FC" box="[763,853,995,1022]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1749,1774]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,525,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,525,1724]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Parathyone braziliensis (Verrill, 1868), UFPB.ECH-1063.A, baskets from tentacles; B, rosettes from tentacles; C, rod and elongated plate from tentacles; D, baskets from introvert; E, plate from introvert; F, rosette from introvert; G, baskets from body wall; H, buttons from body wall; I, supporting rod; J, endplate; K–L, supporting plates from tube feet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735175" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3735175/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Fig. 5H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tube feet include supporting rods with two central holes elongated, bigger than others (
|
||
<quantity id="575C9B58CD37B41C010EE07AFD00F121" box="[563,653,1031,1059]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" unit="mm" value="250.0">250 µm</quantity>
|
||
long) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="089F2A38CD37B41C01DCE075FCBCF120" box="[737,817,1031,1058]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1749,1774]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,525,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,525,1724]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Parathyone braziliensis (Verrill, 1868), UFPB.ECH-1063.A, baskets from tentacles; B, rosettes from tentacles; C, rod and elongated plate from tentacles; D, baskets from introvert; E, plate from introvert; F, rosette from introvert; G, baskets from body wall; H, buttons from body wall; I, supporting rod; J, endplate; K–L, supporting plates from tube feet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735175" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3735175/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Fig. 5I</figureCitation>
|
||
), round to elongated supporting perforated plates (
|
||
<quantity id="575C9B58CD37B41C064CE075FF30F145" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 µm</quantity>
|
||
long) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="089F2A38CD37B41C0232E051FED1F144" box="[271,348,1067,1094]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1749,1774]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,525,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,525,1724]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Parathyone braziliensis (Verrill, 1868), UFPB.ECH-1063.A, baskets from tentacles; B, rosettes from tentacles; C, rod and elongated plate from tentacles; D, baskets from introvert; E, plate from introvert; F, rosette from introvert; G, baskets from body wall; H, buttons from body wall; I, supporting rod; J, endplate; K–L, supporting plates from tube feet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735175" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3735175/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
K–L), and endplate (
|
||
<quantity id="575C9B58CD37B41C017BE056FD12F145" box="[582,671,1067,1095]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" unit="mm" value="150.0">150 µm</quantity>
|
||
long) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="089F2A38CD37B41C01CCE051FCCCF144" box="[753,833,1067,1094]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1749,1774]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,525,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,525,1724]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Parathyone braziliensis (Verrill, 1868), UFPB.ECH-1063.A, baskets from tentacles; B, rosettes from tentacles; C, rod and elongated plate from tentacles; D, baskets from introvert; E, plate from introvert; F, rosette from introvert; G, baskets from body wall; H, buttons from body wall; I, supporting rod; J, endplate; K–L, supporting plates from tube feet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735175" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3735175/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Fig. 5J</figureCitation>
|
||
). Introvert with knobbed plates, elongated, with eight or more holes (
|
||
<quantity id="575C9B58CD37B41C0202E032FE04F169" box="[319,393,1103,1131]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 µm</quantity>
|
||
long); smooth plates, with four or more holes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="089F2A38CD37B41C00AAE02DFC60F168" box="[919,1005,1103,1130]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1749,1774]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,525,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,525,1724]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Parathyone braziliensis (Verrill, 1868), UFPB.ECH-1063.A, baskets from tentacles; B, rosettes from tentacles; C, rod and elongated plate from tentacles; D, baskets from introvert; E, plate from introvert; F, rosette from introvert; G, baskets from body wall; H, buttons from body wall; I, supporting rod; J, endplate; K–L, supporting plates from tube feet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735175" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3735175/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
|
||
); rosettes of moderate to large size (
|
||
<quantity id="575C9B58CD37B41C0642E032FF30F18D" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 µm</quantity>
|
||
long) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="089F2A38CD37B41C0230E009FEEFF18C" box="[269,354,1139,1166]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1749,1774]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,525,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,525,1724]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Parathyone braziliensis (Verrill, 1868), UFPB.ECH-1063.A, baskets from tentacles; B, rosettes from tentacles; C, rod and elongated plate from tentacles; D, baskets from introvert; E, plate from introvert; F, rosette from introvert; G, baskets from body wall; H, buttons from body wall; I, supporting rod; J, endplate; K–L, supporting plates from tube feet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735175" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3735175/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Fig. 5F</figureCitation>
|
||
); knobbed baskets of four holes, some elongated (
|
||
<quantity id="575C9B58CD37B41C00B1E00EFC5BF18D" box="[908,982,1139,1167]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 µm</quantity>
|
||
long) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="089F2A38CD37B41C0718E009FBF3F18C" box="[1061,1150,1139,1166]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1749,1774]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,525,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,525,1724]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Parathyone braziliensis (Verrill, 1868), UFPB.ECH-1063.A, baskets from tentacles; B, rosettes from tentacles; C, rod and elongated plate from tentacles; D, baskets from introvert; E, plate from introvert; F, rosette from introvert; G, baskets from body wall; H, buttons from body wall; I, supporting rod; J, endplate; K–L, supporting plates from tube feet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735175" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3735175/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tentacles have irregular plates (
|
||
<quantity id="575C9B58CD37B41C03D4E0E5FEBBF1B1" box="[233,310,1176,1203]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 µm</quantity>
|
||
long); small to large rosettes (
|
||
<quantity id="575C9B58CD37B41C01ABE0E5FD6EF1B1" box="[662,739,1176,1203]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 µm</quantity>
|
||
long) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="089F2A38CD37B41C0005E0E5FC1FF1B0" box="[824,914,1175,1202]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1749,1774]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,525,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,525,1724]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Parathyone braziliensis (Verrill, 1868), UFPB.ECH-1063.A, baskets from tentacles; B, rosettes from tentacles; C, rod and elongated plate from tentacles; D, baskets from introvert; E, plate from introvert; F, rosette from introvert; G, baskets from body wall; H, buttons from body wall; I, supporting rod; J, endplate; K–L, supporting plates from tube feet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735175" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3735175/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
); irregular rods (
|
||
<quantity id="575C9B58CD37B41C0769E0E5FB23F1B1" box="[1108,1198,1176,1203]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 µm</quantity>
|
||
long) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="089F2A38CD37B41C063EE0E5FAD0F1B0" box="[1283,1373,1175,1202]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1749,1774]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,525,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,525,1724]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Parathyone braziliensis (Verrill, 1868), UFPB.ECH-1063.A, baskets from tentacles; B, rosettes from tentacles; C, rod and elongated plate from tentacles; D, baskets from introvert; E, plate from introvert; F, rosette from introvert; G, baskets from body wall; H, buttons from body wall; I, supporting rod; J, endplate; K–L, supporting plates from tube feet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735175" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3735175/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
|
||
), and smooth to very knobbed baskets (
|
||
<quantity id="575C9B58CD37B41C0132E0C1FDD4F1D5" box="[527,601,1212,1239]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 µm</quantity>
|
||
long) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="089F2A38CD37B41C0196E0C1FC88F1D4" box="[683,773,1211,1238]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1749,1774]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,525,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,525,1724]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Parathyone braziliensis (Verrill, 1868), UFPB.ECH-1063.A, baskets from tentacles; B, rosettes from tentacles; C, rod and elongated plate from tentacles; D, baskets from introvert; E, plate from introvert; F, rosette from introvert; G, baskets from body wall; H, buttons from body wall; I, supporting rod; J, endplate; K–L, supporting plates from tube feet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735175" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3735175/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="901B36BDCD37B41C03FAE0A2FCB3F064" blockId="8.[151,1437,419,2030]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD37B41C03FAE0A2FD8DF1F8" bold="true" box="[199,512,1247,1274]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Morphological variations.</emphasis>
|
||
A total of four specimens were analyzed, the size varied from
|
||
<quantity id="575C9B58CD37B41C07E3E09DFAD7F1F9" box="[1246,1370,1248,1275]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" unit="mm" value="24.5" valueMax="33.0" valueMin="16.0">16–33 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="575C9B58CD37B41C03AAE17EFE8FF01D" box="[151,258,1283,1311]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" unit="mm" value="11.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="5.0">5–18 mm</quantity>
|
||
in breadth at mid-body,
|
||
<quantity id="575C9B58CD37B41C012FE17EFD0EF01D" box="[530,643,1283,1311]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" unit="mm" value="3.75" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="3.0">3–4.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in breadth at anterior end, and
|
||
<quantity id="575C9B58CD37B41C00E0E179FBB7F01D" box="[989,1082,1284,1311]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="2.0">2–6 mm</quantity>
|
||
in breadth at posterior end. The number of ossicles decrease throughout life, mainly at the dorsal body wall, and the tegument becomes thicker. The tube feet are smaller and more abundant on adult specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8BE6536CD37B41C03FAE112FEE4F0AD" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="901B36BDCD37B41C03FAE112FEE4F0AD" blockId="8.[151,1437,419,2030]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD37B41C03FAE112FD8BF088" bold="true" box="[199,518,1391,1418]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Geographical distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8B3762DCD37B41C0133E10DFDD8F088" box="[526,597,1392,1418]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, from Cear to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5260F85FCD37B41C01C7E10DFCE1F088" box="[762,876,1392,1418]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD37B41C0046E10DFBA4F089" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[891,1065,1392,1419]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref36429" refString="Tommasi, L. R. (1969) Lista dos Holothuroidea recentes do Brasil. In: Contribuicoes Avulsas do Instituto Oceanografico. Serie Oceanografia Biologica. Vol. 15. Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, pp. 1 - 29." type="book chapter" year="1969">Tommasi 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This species was found only in the intertidal zone.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8BE6536CD37B41E03FAE1C5FB13F465" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="411" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="901B36BDCD37B41C03FAE1C5FAD9F384" blockId="8.[151,1437,419,2030]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD37B41C03FAE1C5FEB6F0D0" bold="true" box="[199,315,1464,1490]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The diagnosis of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A44D3ECD37B41C014FE1C4FD37F0D1" box="[626,698,1465,1491]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Ocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD37B41C014FE1C4FD37F0D1" box="[626,698,1465,1491]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Ocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD37B41C0067E1C5FB87F0D0" author="Panning, A." box="[858,1034,1464,1490]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="29 - 51" refId="ref34234" refString="Panning, A. (1971) Bermerkungen uber die Holothurien-Familie Cucumariidae (Ordnung Dendrochirta) 6 Teil (Schluss) Die Gattungen um Ocnus Forbes, 1841 und um Pentacta Goldfuss, 1820. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 67, 29 - 51." type="journal article" year="1971">Panning (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, being modified by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD37B41C07DAE1C5FA15F0D0" author="Thandar, A. S." box="[1255,1432,1464,1490]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="1 - 57" refId="ref36200" refString="Thandar, A. S. (2008) Additions to the holothuroid fauna of the southern African temperate faunistic provinces, with descriptions of new species. Zootaxa, 1697 (1), 1 - 57. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1697.1.1" type="journal article" year="2008">Thandar (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and mentions that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A44D3ECD37B41C0255E1A0FE3DF0F5" box="[360,432,1501,1527]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Ocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD37B41C0255E1A0FE3DF0F5" box="[360,432,1501,1527]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Ocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species have body cylindrical or slightly angular or spindle-shaped; Tentacles 10, bushy, two most ventral smaller; tube feet in single to double rows on radii, mostly rigid and non-rectractile, interambulacra naked; calcareous ring simple, narrow and high, with posterior notches and long tapers anteriorly; body wall ossicles represented by baskets with small, knobbed perforated plates/buttons, often with four primary holes, in some species also large multilocular and often multi-layered plates; tube feet with perforated plates and endplates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="901B36BDCD37B41C03FAE2EDFF6EF2EC" blockId="8.[151,1437,419,2030]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A44D3ECD37B41C03FAE2EDFE5EF3A8" authorityName="Prata & Manso & Christoffersen" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[199,467,1680,1706]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parathyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="braziliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD37B41C03FAE2EDFE5EF3A8" box="[199,467,1680,1706]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Parathyone braziliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has barrel-shaped body, small retractile tube feet in the radii and interradii, covering the body; calcareous ring simple, without long tapers anteriorly; body wall with plates, buttons and baskets, without multi-layered plates. The buttons and plates are usually plans or curved, some very knobbed, but does not form a second layer.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD37B41C020DE281FD8FF214" author="Deichmann, E." box="[304,514,1787,1814]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref31480" refString="Deichmann, E. (1957) The littoral Holothurians of the Bahama Islands. American Museum novitiates, 1821, 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1957">Deichmann (1957)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
included in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A44D3ECD37B41C01B1E281FC82F214" authorityName="Deichmann" authorityYear="1957" box="[652,783,1788,1814]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parathyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD37B41C01B1E281FC82F214" box="[652,783,1788,1814]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Parathyone</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the species with tube feet spreading out into the interradii, simple calcareous ring, body wall with baskets and regular, strongly knobbed buttons; tube feet with endplate and large supporting rods. All these characters are present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A44D3ECD37B41C0024E339FBA8F25C" authorityName="Prata & Manso & Christoffersen" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[793,1061,1860,1886]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parathyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="braziliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD37B41C0024E339FBA8F25C" box="[793,1061,1860,1886]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Parathyone braziliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, thus this species is better classified in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A44D3ECD37B41C0268E315FE55F280" authorityName="Deichmann" authorityYear="1957" box="[341,472,1896,1922]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parathyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD37B41C0268E315FE55F280" box="[341,472,1896,1922]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Parathyone</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A44D3ECD37B41C010DE314FDF5F281" box="[560,632,1897,1923]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Ocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD37B41C010DE314FDF5F281" box="[560,632,1897,1923]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Ocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In general,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A44D3ECD37B41C003FE314FCC7F281" box="[770,842,1897,1923]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Ocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD37B41C003FE314FCC7F281" box="[770,842,1897,1923]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Ocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a heterogeneous group (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD37B41C074EE315FA80F280" author="Pawson, D. L." box="[1139,1293,1896,1922]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="227 - 230" refId="ref34386" refString="Pawson, D. L. (1983) Ocnus sacculus new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), a brood protecting holothurian from southeastern New Zealand. New Zealand Journal Marine Freashwater Research, 17, 227 - 230. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00288330.1983.9516000" type="journal article" year="1983">Pawson 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD37B41C0625E315FEC4F2A4" author="O'Loughlin, P. M. & O'Hara, T. D." pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="227 - 266" refId="ref33982" refString="O'Loughlin, P. M. & O'Hara, T. D. (1992) New cucumariid holothurians (Echinodermata) from southern Australia, including two brooding and one fissiparous species. Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria, 53 (2), 227 - 266. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 1992.53.12" type="journal article" year="1992">O’Loughlin & O’Hara 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) that needs review, and some studies have been proposing new genera to better delimit its species, as
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD37B41C0388E3CDFD88F2C8" author="O'Loughlin, P. M. & O'Hara, T. D." box="[181,517,1968,1994]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="227 - 266" refId="ref33982" refString="O'Loughlin, P. M. & O'Hara, T. D. (1992) New cucumariid holothurians (Echinodermata) from southern Australia, including two brooding and one fissiparous species. Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria, 53 (2), 227 - 266. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 1992.53.12" type="journal article" year="1992">O’Loughlin & O’Hara (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD37B41C012CE3CDFCD0F2C8" author="O'Loughlin, P. M. & Alcock, N." box="[529,861,1968,1994]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref34046" refString="O'Loughlin, P. M. & Alcock, N. (2000) The New Zealand Cucumariidae (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 58 (1), 1 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2000.58.1" type="journal article" year="2000">O’Loughlin & Alcock (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD37B41C0055E3CDFB97F2C8" author="Thandar, A. S." box="[872,1050,1968,1994]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="1 - 57" refId="ref36200" refString="Thandar, A. S. (2008) Additions to the holothuroid fauna of the southern African temperate faunistic provinces, with descriptions of new species. Zootaxa, 1697 (1), 1 - 57. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1697.1.1" type="journal article" year="2008">Thandar (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD37B41C071BE3CDFAC8F2C9" author="Mjobo, S. & Thandar, A. S." box="[1062,1349,1968,1995]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="156 - 164" refId="ref33527" refString="Mjobo, S. & Thandar, A. S. (2016) A new genus and a new species in the sea cucumber subfamily Colochirinae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida: Cucumariidae) in the Mediterranean Sea. Zootaxa, 4189 (1), 156 - 164. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4189.1.8" type="journal article" year="2016">Mjobo & Thandar (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, among others.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C4DB6635CD36B41D03AAE2C9FAB2F25F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735173" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3735173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3735173/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" startId="9.[151,250,1716,1741]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1690]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="901B36BDCD36B41D03AAE2C9FAB2F25F" blockId="9.[151,1437,1716,1885]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD36B41D03AAE2C9FE98F3CF" bold="true" box="[151,277,1716,1741]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A44D3ECD36B41D0223E2C8FD3DF3CF" authority="(Verrill, 1868)" authorityName="Prata & Manso & Christoffersen" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[286,688,1716,1741]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parathyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="braziliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD36B41D0223E2C8FD9FF3CF" box="[286,530,1717,1741]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Parathyone braziliensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD36B41D011CE2C9FD25F3CF" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[545,680,1716,1741]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" pagination="351 - 371" refId="ref36904" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1868) Notice on the corals and echinoderms collected by Prof. C. F. Hartt at the Abrolhos reefs, Province of Bahia, Brasil, 1867. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1, 351 - 371." type="journal article" year="1868">Verrill, 1868</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, UFPB.ECH-1063. A, external view of the animal; B, animal in natural environment; C, dorsal view of the calcareous ring, detail of radial plate; D, dorsal view of the calcareous ring, detail of interradial plate; E, ventral view of the calcareous ring, detail of radial plate; F, ventral view of the calcareous ring, detail of interradial plate. Where, IRd = dorsal interradial plate; Rd = dorsal radial plate; IRv = ventral interradial plate; Rv = ventral radial plate; PA = point of attachment of the retractor muscles and notch for the passage of radial nerves. (Figure B by Alvaro Borba).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="901B36BDCD35B41E03FAE4E4FB13F465" blockId="10.[151,1436,153,503]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD35B41E03FAE4E4FE16F5B1" author="Deichmann, E." box="[199,411,153,179]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" pagination="42 - 276" refId="ref31159" refString="Deichmann, E. (1930) The Holothurians of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 71 (3), 42 - 276." type="journal article" year="1930">Deichmann (1930)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A44D3ECD35B41E0119E4E4FCA2F5B1" authorityName="Prata & Manso & Christoffersen" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[548,815,153,179]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parathyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="braziliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD35B41E0119E4E4FCA2F5B1" box="[548,815,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Parathyone braziliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A44D3ECD35B41E00E4E4E4FB4EF5B1" baseAuthorityName="Ludwig" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[985,1219,153,179]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parathyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="suspecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD35B41E00E4E4E4FB4EF5B1" box="[985,1219,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Parathyone suspecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD35B41E0678E4E4FEBCF5D5" author="Ancona Lopez, A. A." pageId="10" pageNumber="411" pagination="5 - 54" refId="ref29902" refString="Ancona Lopez, A. A. (1957) Sobre holoturias do litoral sul brasileiro. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia, 21, 5 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2526 - 3382. bffclzoologia. 1957.120232" type="journal article" year="1957">Ancona Lopez (1957)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
showed that the two species differ by having tentacles of equal size in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A44D3ECD35B41E074DE4C3FB63F5D5" baseAuthorityName="Ludwig" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[1136,1262,190,215]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parathyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="suspecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD35B41E074DE4C3FB63F5D5" box="[1136,1262,190,215]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">P. suspecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by having the posterior processes in radial pieces in calcareous ring and by having numerous ossicles in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A44D3ECD35B41E07BEE49FFA92F5F9" authorityName="Prata & Manso & Christoffersen" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[1155,1311,225,251]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parathyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="braziliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD35B41E07BEE49FFA92F5F9" box="[1155,1311,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">P. braziliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although, both species could have similar tentacles with four most ventral smaller than others, the calcareous ring and ossicles are variable.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A44D3ECD35B41E0216E557FE44F441" authorityName="Prata & Manso & Christoffersen" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[299,457,297,323]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parathyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="braziliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD35B41E0216E557FE44F441" box="[299,457,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">P. braziliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A44D3ECD35B41E015DE557FD50F441" baseAuthorityName="Ludwig" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[608,733,298,323]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parathyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="suspecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD35B41E015DE557FD50F441" box="[608,733,298,323]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">P. suspecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the form of calcareous ring (
|
||
<figureCitation id="089F2A38CD35B41E0773E554FB11F441" box="[1102,1180,297,323]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1748,1773]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1723]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,181,1723]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Parathyone suspecta (Ludwig, 1875), UFPB.ECH-1061. A, external view of the animal; B, tentacles; C, dorsal view of the calcareous ring, detail of radial plate; D, dorsal view of the calcareous ring, detail of interradial plate; E, ventral view of the calcareous ring, detail of radial plate; F, ventral view of the calcareous ring, detail of interradial plate. Where, IRd = dorsal interradial plate; Rd = dorsal radial plate; IRv = ventral interradial plate; Rv = ventral radial plate; PA = point of attachment of the retractor muscles and notch for the passage of radial nerves." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735168" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3735168/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C–F; 4C–F), the set of ossicles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="089F2A38CD35B41E03C3E530FEC4F465" box="[254,329,333,359]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1866,1891]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,669,1842]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,669,1842]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Parathyone suspecta (Ludwig, 1875), UFPB.ECH-1061. A, rosette from tentacles; B, baskets from tentacles; C, elongated plate from tentacles; D, rods from tentacles; E, baskets from introvert; F, baskets from body wall; G, thick button from body wall; H, buttons from body wall; I, plates from body wall; J, supporting plates from tube feet; K, endplate; L, perforated supporting rod." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3735170/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A–L; 5 A–L), the softer skin and grayish-brown color with some blue spots.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8BE6536CD35B41E03FAE50DFE86F4F5" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="901B36BDCD35B41E03FAE50DFE86F4F5" blockId="10.[151,1436,153,503]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD35B41E03FAE50DFE03F489" bold="true" box="[199,398,368,395]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Ecological notes.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A44D3ECD35B41E02A8E50CFD2DF489" authorityName="Prata & Manso & Christoffersen" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[405,672,369,395]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parathyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="braziliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD35B41E02A8E50CFD2DF489" box="[405,672,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Parathyone braziliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lives in substrates of gravel and algae, usually in crevices or buried, with tentacles exposed. Young individuals were found associated with algae. This species used to be found in tide pools with some frequency, but nowadays they are more difficult to find at least in the northern part from the northeast coast.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |