293 lines
37 KiB
XML
293 lines
37 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="C2ACF347B054B8711764C8D0D9FC5C35">Dendrochirotida (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the northeastern coast of Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="298B3EF8AB3FDF5923E6579832B3AB0F">Manso, Cynthia Lara De Castro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="369EB233719A00CEB26F4E915137DECD">Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="57A44D3ECD32B41903AAE7ACFDC3F6E8" ID-CoL="76NSF" authority="Ayres, 1852" authorityName="Ayres" authorityYear="1852" box="[151,590,976,1003]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pulcherrima">
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<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD32B41903AAE7ACFDC3F6E8" bold="true" box="[151,590,976,1003]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
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<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD32B41903AAE7ACFE34F6E9" bold="true" box="[151,441,976,1003]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Pentamera pulcherrima</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD32B4190283E7ADFDC3F6E8" author="Ayres, W. O." box="[446,590,976,1002]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" pagination="207 - 208" refId="ref30075" refString="Ayres, W. O. (1852) Descriptions of Holothurians. Proceedings Boston Society of Natural History, 4, 207 - 208 + 214 - 215 + 243 - 247." type="journal article" year="1852">Ayres, 1852</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="D8BE6536CD32B41903AAE789FE85F10D" box="[151,264,1012,1039]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="description">
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<paragraph id="901B36BDCD32B41903AAE789FE85F10D" blockId="13.[151,590,976,1039]" box="[151,264,1012,1039]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
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(
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<figureCitation id="089F2A38CD32B41903A2E789FE8DF10D" box="[159,256,1012,1039]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1884,1909]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,181,1858]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Pentamera pulcherrima Ayres, 1852, UFPB.ECH-2147. A, external view; B, calcareous ring; C, rosettes from introvert; D–E, tables from body wall; F, supporting tables from tube feet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735179" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3735179/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Figure 7</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D8BE6536CD32B41903AAE044FB2CF18C" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="reference_group">
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<treatmentCitation id="110510ACCD32B41903AAE044FDFEF152" author="Ayres, W. O." box="[151,627,1080,1105]" page="208" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" year="1852">
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<taxonomicName id="57A44D3ECD32B41903AAE044FDFEF152" ID-CoL="76NSF" authority="Ayres, 1852: 207 - 208" authorityName="Ayres" authorityPageNumber="207 - 208" authorityYear="1852" box="[151,627,1080,1105]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pulcherrima">
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<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD32B41903AAE044FE07F152" box="[151,394,1080,1104]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Pentamera pulcherrima</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD32B41902ADE045FDFEF152" author="Ayres, W. O." box="[400,627,1080,1105]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" pagination="207 - 208" refId="ref30075" refString="Ayres, W. O. (1852) Descriptions of Holothurians. Proceedings Boston Society of Natural History, 4, 207 - 208 + 214 - 215 + 243 - 247." type="journal article" year="1852">Ayres, 1852: 207–208</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="110510ACCD32B4190140E045FCABF152" author="Theel, H." box="[637,806,1080,1105]" page="139" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" year="1886">
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<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD32B4190140E045FCABF152" author="Theel, H." box="[637,806,1080,1105]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" pagination="1 - 21" refId="ref36251" refString="Theel, H. (1886) Report on Holothurioidea. Reports on the results of dredging, under the Supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico (1877 - 78), in the Caribbean Sea (1879 - 80), and along the Eastern Coast of the United States during the Summer of 1880, by the U. S. Coast Survey Steamer " Blake ". Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 13, 1 - 21." type="journal article" year="1886">Théel 1886: 139</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="110510ACCD32B419000DE044FC6CF152" author="Pawson, D. L." box="[816,993,1080,1104]" page="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" year="1977">
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<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD32B419000DE044FC6CF152" author="Pawson, D. L." box="[816,993,1080,1104]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref34330" refString="Pawson, D. L. (1977) Marine flora and fauna of the northeastern United States. Echinodermata: Holothuroidea. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Technical Report National Marine Fisheries Service Circular, 405, 1 - 15. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 62853" type="journal article" year="1977">Pawson 1977: 12</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="110510ACCD32B41900D1E044FB71F153" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6208491" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6208491" author="Pawson, D. L. & Pawson, D. J. & King, R. A." box="[1004,1276,1080,1105]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/30710A411623FFC6FF2A202CEF39D191" page="25" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" year="2010">
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<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD32B41900D1E044FB71F153" author="Pawson, D. L. & Pawson, D. J. & King, R. A." box="[1004,1276,1080,1105]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref34670" refString="Pawson, D. L., Pawson, D. J. & King, R. A. (2010) A taxonomic guide to the Echinodermata of the South Atlantic Bight, USA: 1. Sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Zootaxa, 2449 (1), 1 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2449.1.1" type="journal article" year="2010">
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Pawson
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<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD32B419077CE044FBF9F152" box="[1089,1140,1080,1104]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">et al.</emphasis>
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2010: 25–26
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, figs 6a, 18.
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<taxonomicName id="57A44D3ECD32B41903AAE02AFDAFF16D" authority=": Semper 1868: 66" authorityName="Semper" authorityPageNumber="66" authorityYear="1868" box="[151,546,1110,1135]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pulcherrima">
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<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD32B41903AAE02AFEE8F16D" box="[151,357,1111,1135]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Thyone pulcherrima</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="110510ACCD32B419024EE02AFDAFF16D" author="Semper" box="[371,546,1110,1135]" page="66" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" year="1868">Semper 1868: 66</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="901B36BDCD32B41903AAE00BFB2CF18C" blockId="13.[151,1399,1080,1166]" box="[151,1185,1141,1166]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="B0B41193CD32B41903AAE00BFB2CF18C" box="[151,1185,1141,1166]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
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<treatmentCitation id="110510ACCD32B41903AAE00BFDBCF18C" author="Coe, W. R." box="[151,561,1142,1166]" page="113" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" year="1912">
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<taxonomicName id="57A44D3ECD32B41903AAE00BFDBCF18C" authority=": Coe 1912: 113" authorityName="Coe" authorityPageNumber="113" authorityYear="1912" box="[151,561,1142,1166]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Cucumaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pulcherrima">
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<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD32B41903AAE00BFE00F18C" box="[151,397,1142,1166]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Cucumaria pulcherrima</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD32B41902A7E00BFDBCF18C" author="Coe, W. R." box="[410,561,1142,1166]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" pagination="1 - 152" refId="ref31078" refString="Coe, W. R. (1912) Echinoderms of Connecticut. Bulletin State Geological and Natural History Survey of Connecticut, 19, 1 - 152. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 56252" type="journal article" year="1912">Coe 1912: 113</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="110510ACCD32B4190101E008FC92F18C" author="Deichmann, E." box="[572,799,1141,1166]" page="157" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" year="1930">
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<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD32B4190101E008FC92F18C" author="Deichmann, E." box="[572,799,1141,1166]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" pagination="42 - 276" refId="ref31159" refString="Deichmann, E. (1930) The Holothurians of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 71 (3), 42 - 276." type="journal article" year="1930">Deichmann 1930: 157</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. XI, figs 13–16;
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<treatmentCitation id="110510ACCD32B41900D7E008FB10F18C" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[1002,1181,1141,1166]" page="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" year="1971">
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<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD32B41900D7E008FB10F18C" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[1002,1181,1141,1166]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" pagination="1 - 23" refId="ref36475" refString="Tommasi, L. R. (1971) Equinodermes do Brasil. I. Sobre alguncas especies novas e outras pouco conhecidas para o Brasil. Boletim Instituto Oceanografico, Sao Paulo, 20 (1), 1 - 23. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0373 - 55241971000100002" type="journal article" year="1971">Tommasi 1971: 2</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D8BE6536CD32B41903AAE0C6FD8FF1F8" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="901B36BDCD32B41903AAE0C6FD8FF1F8" blockId="13.[151,1437,1211,1959]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
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<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD32B41903AAE0C6FE0CF1D4" bold="true" box="[151,385,1211,1238]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="20CC3CE0CD32B41902BAE0C6FB35F1D4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2594296605" box="[391,1208,1211,1239]" collectionCode="UFPB" country="Brazil" location="Paraiba State" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Paraiba State">
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<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD32B41902BAE0C6FD07F1D4" bold="true" box="[391,650,1211,1238]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
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<collectingRegion id="5260F85FCD32B41902BAE0C6FDA6F1D4" box="[391,555,1211,1238]" country="Brazil" name="Paraiba" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Paraíba State</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E8B3762DCD32B4190105E0C6FD08F1D4" box="[568,645,1211,1238]" name="Brazil" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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:
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</emphasis>
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, 0701’S; 3444’41”W (
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.ECH-2147);
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<materialsCitation id="20CC3CE0CD32B4190782E0C1FD8FF1F8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2594296633" collectionCode="UFPB" country="Brazil" location="Paraiba State" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Paraiba">
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, 0701’02”S; 3447’55”W (
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.ECH-2148).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="901B36BDCD32B41903FAE179FBAFF01C" blockId="13.[151,1437,1211,1959]" box="[199,1058,1283,1310]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
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||
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD32B41903FAE179FEEBF01C" bold="true" box="[199,358,1283,1310]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
|
||
<typeStatus id="4F1F881FCD32B41903FAE179FE8FF01C" box="[199,258,1284,1310]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Charleston,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5260F85FCD32B41902C9E179FD12F01C" box="[500,671,1284,1310]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8B3762DCD32B4190197E179FCCCF01C" box="[682,833,1284,1310]" name="United States of America" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD32B4190072E179FB98F01C" author="Deichmann, E." box="[847,1045,1284,1310]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" pagination="42 - 276" refId="ref31159" refString="Deichmann, E. (1930) The Holothurians of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 71 (3), 42 - 276." type="journal article" year="1930">Deichmann 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8BE6536CD32B41903FAE15AFDDFF3CC" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="901B36BDCD32B41903FAE15AFDDFF3CC" blockId="13.[151,1437,1211,1959]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD32B41903FAE15AFED4F040" bold="true" box="[199,345,1319,1346]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimen UFPB.ECH-2147. Slightly curved body, narrower in posterior region,
|
||
<quantity id="575C9B58CD32B41907CEE155FAA6F041" box="[1267,1323,1320,1347]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
|
||
long, and
|
||
<quantity id="575C9B58CD32B41903AAE136FF69F065" box="[151,228,1355,1383]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" unit="cm" value="0.5">0.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
in breadth in mid-body. Thin skin, rigid due the presence of ossicles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="089F2A38CD32B41900C4E131FBD9F064" box="[1017,1108,1356,1382]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1884,1909]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,181,1858]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Pentamera pulcherrima Ayres, 1852, UFPB.ECH-2147. A, external view; B, calcareous ring; C, rosettes from introvert; D–E, tables from body wall; F, supporting tables from tube feet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735179" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3735179/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Color light brown to white. Mouth and anus slightly upturned. Tentacles 10, bushy, short, retracted, two ventral ones reduced. Tube feet restrict- ed to radii in double rows. Calcareous ring complex, with narrow and elongated posterior processes, the bifurcation starts in the middle of the plate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="089F2A38CD32B419012AE1C5FDFFF0D1" box="[535,626,1464,1491]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1884,1909]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,181,1858]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Pentamera pulcherrima Ayres, 1852, UFPB.ECH-2147. A, external view; B, calcareous ring; C, rosettes from introvert; D–E, tables from body wall; F, supporting tables from tube feet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735179" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3735179/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||
), interradial plates smaller, diamond-shaped. Madreporite small, stone canal long. Polian vesicle not observed. Retractor muscles thin, short. Longitudinal muscles thin. Respiratory trees branched, about 3/4 of the body length. Gonad in single tuft. Body wall ossicles consist of oval tables with four to eight holes and short spire formed by two pillars, ending in two to three teeth (
|
||
<quantity id="575C9B58CD32B419073DE259FBF8F33D" box="[1024,1141,1572,1599]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" unit="mm" value="70.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="60.0">60–80 µm</quantity>
|
||
long) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="089F2A38CD32B41907F8E259FA9CF33D" box="[1221,1297,1572,1599]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1884,1909]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,181,1858]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Pentamera pulcherrima Ayres, 1852, UFPB.ECH-2147. A, external view; B, calcareous ring; C, rosettes from introvert; D–E, tables from body wall; F, supporting tables from tube feet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735179" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3735179/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
D–E). Some thin perforated plates, with two central holes, few holes at both extremities, and various irregular plates near the anus. Tube feet include elongated, narrow, curved supporting tables, with two pillars ending in some teeth (
|
||
<quantity id="575C9B58CD32B4190679E211FA11F385" box="[1348,1436,1644,1671]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 µm</quantity>
|
||
long) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="089F2A38CD32B41903DFE2EDFEB5F3A9" box="[226,312,1680,1707]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1884,1909]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,181,1858]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Pentamera pulcherrima Ayres, 1852, UFPB.ECH-2147. A, external view; B, calcareous ring; C, rosettes from introvert; D–E, tables from body wall; F, supporting tables from tube feet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735179" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3735179/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Fig. 7F</figureCitation>
|
||
), supporting plates and endplate. Introvert with small elongated rosettes (
|
||
<quantity id="575C9B58CD32B4190748E2F2FB67F3A9" box="[1141,1258,1679,1707]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" unit="mm" value="40.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="30.0">30–50 µm</quantity>
|
||
long) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="089F2A38CD32B4190600E2EDFA19F3A8" box="[1341,1428,1680,1706]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1884,1909]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,181,1858]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Pentamera pulcherrima Ayres, 1852, UFPB.ECH-2147. A, external view; B, calcareous ring; C, rosettes from introvert; D–E, tables from body wall; F, supporting tables from tube feet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735179" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3735179/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
|
||
) and small tables with two central holes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8BE6536CD32B41903FAE2AAFABAF214" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="901B36BDCD32B41903FAE2AAFABAF214" blockId="13.[151,1437,1211,1959]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD32B41903FAE2AAFD88F3F0" bold="true" box="[199,517,1751,1778]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Geographical distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
South Carolina, Florida, Gulf of Mexico,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8B3762DCD32B41900E0E2A5FBC6F3F0" box="[989,1099,1752,1778]" name="Colombia" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD32B4190764E2A5FA93F3F0" author="Deichmann, E." box="[1113,1310,1752,1778]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" pagination="42 - 276" refId="ref31159" refString="Deichmann, E. (1930) The Holothurians of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 71 (3), 42 - 276." type="journal article" year="1930">Deichmann 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD32B4190617E2A4FF7AF214" author="Pawson, D. L. & Pawson, D. J. & King, R. A." pageId="13" pageNumber="414" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref34670" refString="Pawson, D. L., Pawson, D. J. & King, R. A. (2010) A taxonomic guide to the Echinodermata of the South Atlantic Bight, USA: 1. Sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Zootaxa, 2449 (1), 1 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2449.1.1" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Pawson
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD32B41906B5E2A4FF20F214" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8B3762DCD32B4190207E281FEF3F214" box="[314,382,1788,1814]" name="Brazil" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5260F85FCD32B41902F1E281FDADF214" box="[460,544,1788,1814]" country="Brazil" name="Paraiba" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Paraíba</collectingRegion>
|
||
on the NE coast). It is found down to
|
||
<quantity id="575C9B58CD32B41900F1E281FB88F215" box="[972,1029,1788,1815]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" unit="m" value="27.0">27 m</quantity>
|
||
deep (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD32B419076DE281FAA6F214" author="Pawson, D. L. & Pawson, D. J. & King, R. A." box="[1104,1323,1788,1815]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref34670" refString="Pawson, D. L., Pawson, D. J. & King, R. A. (2010) A taxonomic guide to the Echinodermata of the South Atlantic Bight, USA: 1. Sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Zootaxa, 2449 (1), 1 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2449.1.1" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Pawson
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD32B4190792E280FB6CF214" box="[1199,1249,1788,1814]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8BE6536CD32B41B03FAE35DFCC7F5F9" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="416" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="901B36BDCD32B41B03FAE35DFCC7F5F9" blockId="13.[151,1437,1211,1959]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1437,153,395]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="416" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD32B41903FAE35DFEB6F238" bold="true" box="[199,315,1824,1850]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This small species seems to be close to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A44D3ECD32B41901C7E35DFBB4F238" authority="Heller, 1868" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1868" box="[762,1081,1824,1850]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="inermis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD32B41901C7E35DFC25F238" box="[762,936,1824,1850]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Thyone inermis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD32B4190093E35DFBB4F238" author="Heller, C." box="[942,1081,1824,1850]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" pagination="1 - 88" refId="ref32058" refString="Heller, C. (1868) Die Zoophyten und Echinodermen des Adriatischen Meeres. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 8, 1 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11393" type="journal article" year="1868">Heller, 1868</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
due the shape of the tables, and for having the spire with two holes, but differs by the presence of four teeth on the apex of the spire and by the irregular table disc, with four or more holes. Also distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A44D3ECD32B41900AAE315FAF4F280" authority="Pawson & Miller, 1981" authorityName="Pawson & Miller" authorityYear="1981" box="[919,1401,1896,1923]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="adinopoda">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD32B41900AAE315FBE4F280" box="[919,1129,1896,1922]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Thyone adinopoda</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD32B419074CE314FAF4F280" author="Pawson, D. L. & Miller, J. E." box="[1137,1401,1896,1923]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" pagination="391 - 403" refId="ref34469" refString="Pawson, D. L. & Miller, J. E. (1981) Western Atlantic sea cucumbers of the genus Thyone, with description of two new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 94 (2), 391 - 403." type="journal article" year="1981">Pawson & Miller, 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by this species having a spire with three or more holes, and ending in a crown of teeth.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A44D3ECD32B419072BE3F0FA11F2A4" authority="Ayres, 1852" authorityName="Ayres" authorityYear="1852" box="[1046,1436,1931,1958]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pulcherrima">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD32B419072BE3F0FA9BF2A4" box="[1046,1302,1932,1958]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Pentamera pulcherrima</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD32B4190621E3F1FA11F2A4" author="Ayres, W. O." box="[1308,1436,1931,1958]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" pagination="207 - 208" refId="ref30075" refString="Ayres, W. O. (1852) Descriptions of Holothurians. Proceedings Boston Society of Natural History, 4, 207 - 208 + 214 - 215 + 243 - 247." type="journal article" year="1852">Ayres, 1852</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was recorded for
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8B3762DCD30B41B0267E4E4FE13F5B1" box="[346,414,153,179]" name="Brazil" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD30B41B02FAE4E4FD0DF5B1" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[455,640,153,179]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" pagination="1 - 23" refId="ref36475" refString="Tommasi, L. R. (1971) Equinodermes do Brasil. I. Sobre alguncas especies novas e outras pouco conhecidas para o Brasil. Boletim Instituto Oceanografico, Sao Paulo, 20 (1), 1 - 23. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0373 - 55241971000100002" type="journal article" year="1971">Tommasi (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
on the basis of material from Vitória City,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5260F85FCD30B41B0762E4E4FACDF5B1" box="[1119,1344,153,179]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Espírito Santo State</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and the occurrence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A44D3ECD30B41B020BE4C3FE57F5D5" authorityName="Ayres" authorityYear="1852" box="[310,474,189,215]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pulcherrima">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD30B41B020BE4C3FE57F5D5" box="[310,474,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">P. pulcherrima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was expanded from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5260F85FCD30B41B01FCE4C0FC13F5D5" box="[705,926,189,215]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Espírito Santo State</collectingRegion>
|
||
to Northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8B3762DCD30B41B0716E4C0FBFEF5D5" box="[1067,1139,189,215]" name="Brazil" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Here, the occurrence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A44D3ECD30B41B06B5E4C3FEACF5F9" authorityName="Ayres" authorityYear="1852" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pulcherrima">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD30B41B06B5E4C3FEACF5F9" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">P. pulcherrima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
along the Northeast coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8B3762DCD30B41B0157E49CFD23F5F9" box="[618,686,225,251]" name="Brazil" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
is confirmed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="C4DB6635CD31B41A03AAE321FC0BF29B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735179" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3735179" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3735179/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" startId="14.[151,250,1884,1909]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1858]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="901B36BDCD31B41A03AAE321FC0BF29B" blockId="14.[151,1436,1884,1945]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD31B41A03AAE321FE9BF277" bold="true" box="[151,278,1884,1909]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A44D3ECD31B41A0222E320FD16F277" authority="Ayres, 1852" authorityName="Ayres" authorityYear="1852" box="[287,667,1884,1909]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pulcherrima">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD31B41A0222E320FD99F276" box="[287,532,1884,1908]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Pentamera pulcherrima</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD31B41A0121E320FD16F277" author="Ayres, W. O." box="[540,667,1884,1909]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" pagination="207 - 208" refId="ref30075" refString="Ayres, W. O. (1852) Descriptions of Holothurians. Proceedings Boston Society of Natural History, 4, 207 - 208 + 214 - 215 + 243 - 247." type="journal article" year="1852">Ayres, 1852</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, UFPB.ECH-2147. A, external view; B, calcareous ring; C, rosettes from introvert; D–E, tables from body wall; F, supporting tables from tube feet.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8BE6536CD30B41B03FAE579FF69F489" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="901B36BDCD30B41B03FAE579FF69F489" blockId="15.[151,1437,153,395]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD30B41B03FAE579FE1DF41D" bold="true" box="[199,400,260,287]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Ecological notes.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A44D3ECD30B41B02A5E57BFD2BF41D" authorityName="Ayres" authorityYear="1852" box="[408,678,261,287]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pulcherrima">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD30B41B02A5E57BFD2BF41D" box="[408,678,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Pentamera pulcherrima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found associated with rhodoliths. This species occur in sandy and muddy bottoms, and they can be found in large numbers on the beaches in the intertidal zone (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD30B41B07E9E554FA15F441" author="Deichmann, E." box="[1236,1432,297,323]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" pagination="42 - 276" refId="ref31159" refString="Deichmann, E. (1930) The Holothurians of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 71 (3), 42 - 276." type="journal article" year="1930">Deichmann 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD30B41B03AAE530FEFBF465" author="Pawson, D. L. & Pawson, D. J. & King, R. A." box="[151,374,333,359]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref34670" refString="Pawson, D. L., Pawson, D. J. & King, R. A. (2010) A taxonomic guide to the Echinodermata of the South Atlantic Bight, USA: 1. Sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Zootaxa, 2449 (1), 1 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2449.1.1" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Pawson
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD30B41B03CAE533FEA4F465" box="[247,297,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The present study reports only two specimens found co-occurring with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A44D3ECD30B41B078AE533FF50F489" authorityName="Prata & Christoffersen" authorityYear="2016" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="paraibanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD30B41B078AE533FF50F489" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Pentamera paraibanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |