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<document id="56E431AEA219EEBB56EB5089B38E66B4" ID-CLB-Dataset="33761" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.307.5362" ID-GBIF-Dataset="37cfec1e-dc3d-4080-8f05-e04a7ee442ea" ID-PMC="PMC3689062" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-307-35" ID-PubMed="23794922" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-307-35" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 307" ModsDocTitle="Two new Korean earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Megadrilacea, Megascolecidae)" checkinTime="1451247232413" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Blakemore, Robert J., Lee, Seunghan, Lee, Wonchoel &amp; Seo, Hong-Yul" docDate="2013" docId="C6A6E40C6B3DF0BCEBF6C51DE3C748F1" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 307: 35-44" docOrigin="ZooKeys 307" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.307.5362" docTitle="Amynthas jinburi Blakemore, Lee, Lee &amp; Seo, 2013, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="39" masterDocId="FFC1FFBDAA799C33FFC73354B90D9E20" masterDocTitle="Two new Korean earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Megadrilacea, Megascolecidae)" masterLastPageNumber="44" masterPageNumber="35" pageNumber="37" updateTime="1732852295584" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="82D1D6ED7AFCE2EFEEDC803A993823C6">Two new Korean earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Megadrilacea, Megascolecidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0B2077BD6E7E46A3B5C889EAF56F0910">Blakemore, Robert J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="884B80CDEF3A6FE7DEA133FD607EF680">Lee, Seunghan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="69506798CCEE21BF7A260D892E8008B2">Lee, Wonchoel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DEE6409309029740E69DE5C460209F8D">Seo, Hong-Yul</mods:namePart>
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<mods:number id="AFEF730D94A287616A9C64E0E6FDDEAC">307</mods:number>
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<treatment id="C6A6E40C6B3DF0BCEBF6C51DE3C748F1" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152044839" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9BA5299B-0BA0-4E50-8EAC-C76C2D66B2EA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C6A6E40C6B3DF0BCEBF6C51DE3C748F1" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" scope_family="Megascolecidae" scope_phylum="Annelida" scope_subClass="Oligochaeta">
<subSubSection id="A200EF1CAC44200F609581ACE88C0932" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="ECEEDCB36D361A890155CF40079232AC" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="B49FC4C83BF7F7ABD946B6B924CD993A" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9BA5299B-0BA0-4E50-8EAC-C76C2D66B2EA" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amynthas jinburi" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="jinburi">Amynthas jinburi</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A070BB59BD874F4C009FB41BCF3FC1FE" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="67AE14914721497D6FA885A8BFF581AE" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" type="material examined">
<paragraph id="1F02CC2AC1FCC448634811C2290A6ED2" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F7A5651D7480EE8075F69604A264EA77" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">
IV0000213690, sub-mature specimen, figured and dissected. From Gangwon-do, Goseong-gun, Ganseong-eup, Jinbu-ri (ca.
<geoCoordinate id="E3E68720064E3BED19C23B9236DB38CD" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="38.2961">38.2961N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E0280B24A8AC566294457BD95D33B85B" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="128.3546">128.3546E</geoCoordinate>
) just north of Seoraksan Park on East coast; collected 1st - 2nd June, 2000 by unknown person(s) and deposited in NIBR. DNA tissue sample w61b (unsuccessful at this time).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DDC95D85DB957BAF5BF9E56A52A128C5" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="7744D31CF0C64A8B740D58C48E60C727" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9253FBFDBB558F843DE96670FCC573B9" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Noun from location.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CC9DD65A94DC6E62299728509EC55BD9" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="AC8084DADBD6F78CE239B5CB4A6F46F0" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3C260856822C4EC172616A5BDC560C93" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="E458226AA2BF33E66A9F1B66DA711B3D" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amynthas" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Amynthas</taxonomicName>
with two pairs of spermathecal pores in 5 &amp; 6; long, clavate spermathecal diverticula; simple caeca; and GMs absent except for large patches surrounding male pores.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DC063DDCC2DC9AEAFF3BBA6BCD6D5C99" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="C17A79D1A4AF3FBA52262084D5750463" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="324434DDCF9F63495E2700423F7116DC" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Known only from single specimen from type locality.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="76E0B4E133A81EB3382F3AD21FAEB3D1" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" type="habitat">
<paragraph id="9706C8C38CA0F96A9BEA157F37077336" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
<pageBreakToken id="6BB380F46A78AF7CF8800C85A77B6058" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" start="start">Habitat</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="83E45BCF036B54F1728F40353D3660A0" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Jinburi is a remote, mountainous and forested area</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F10B82C835254336904FB972511512EA" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Behaviour. Possibly deep burrowing and geophageous (from gut contents).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="502DF57159D97D9C84F5028289957470" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" type="description">
<paragraph id="A4C0BF56D65479F45046D12BFF3AD84E" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA3395A385F87A332759BF2F8970FE91" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Length. 210 mm.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="013179AE69B6E435DB944E1538D357E1" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Width. ca. 10 mm at male pore level.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D943D423EF5448A34DCB34743F8C2BD" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Segments. 143 with some secondary annulation (from preservation?).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A0E05D1E370E95F73F42986EBA14F4A" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Colour. Bleached pale yellow in aged alcohol, possibly darker in life.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B6852B6AAB0842777214C4B01B6AD6B8" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Prostomium. Open epilobous.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8623108C0C87733712B504DCCBE77337" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">First dorsal pore. 11/12.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="521ACFCC4A5CC3CBFC8EA5C66B382587" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Setae.&gt;100 per segment; e.g. 100+ on 11 and 112 counted on segment 12; approximately 16 setae intervene between male pore pads that are asetal on 18.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7620DC4DFC47DE5BCEC76797D1113516" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Nephropores. Not found.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B94F20D9EFA0551475ECDF7833517B0" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Clitellum. Slightly darker at 14-16.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F866F3048EAFAFBD0FC412774F63EDCF" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Male pores: On 18 on small, rounded and flat porophores.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B6A68E1C11B238C224A8C7577FBDE06E" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Female pores. Single on 14.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="69CFCCF757DC8F1E0DFAE7912E9EED80" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Spermathecal pores. At posterior of 5 and 6 approximately 0.3 C apart.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="16C3E58F940711C45C2651437EE3EFED" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Genital markings. None (sub-adult?).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1379ECA1947006871F76E76BBDAEF033" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Septa. Nephridial forests on septa 5 &amp; 6; 5/6/7/8 thick, 8/9 thin to base of gizzard, 9/10 aborted.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="036545FA7F1657DF4EB7D7F3B2960A86" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Hearts. Seen in 11-13 (aborted in 10?).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F58EEF88970086C0520AC317A351779C" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Gizzard. Single in 8-9.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="795B044C2F83FD7E26E8C118CFCD84F7" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Calciferous glands. Absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BF121418327830D0D25D834B6BC189D1" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Intestine. From 15; caeca simple elongate from 27; typhlosole not noted.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="190D2D26DE623BE1167A0D745AB1259A" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Nephridia. Meroic.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="72A6B480A18CE4739FF0C47D33635504" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Male organs. Holandric, testes small in 10 &amp;11; seminal vesicles in 11 &amp; 12.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="91CD6A39371F341D20F0CF774FCA2AA8" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Ovaries. Compact in 13; ovisacs not found in 14.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="385C36876B1F13950E2C07FCEE69383E" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Prostates: Racemose glands not fully developed in 18 on short, muscular duct.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7A1B9C9C2A6B9513F31AF6D6AA23F569" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Spermathecae. Two pairs in 6 &amp; 7 exiting to anterior of 5/6 and 6/7 in 5 &amp; 6 (Fig. 2).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DC77F069C3A9DAC992679A0ACD84B118" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Gut contents. Filled with yellow soil, i.e. probably a deep-burrowing subsoil geophage.</paragraph>
<caption id="14F1AC267E25C66A479AF1264679DA75" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
<paragraph id="7B3C82B3EBA9DECA5EF38CF53F86AE73" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
Figure 2.
<taxonomicName id="84110BCD9A43188D58739F76A36296E8" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amynthas jinburi" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="jinburi">Amynthas jinburi</taxonomicName>
sp. n. showing ventral view with spermathecae and 18rhs prostate in situ plus simple intestinal caecum in 27; dorsal view of prostomium; [boxed is 2X lateral view of spermathecal pores in 5 &amp; 6rhs].
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9B827180B076EEF4B2649341014C839" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" type="dna coi barcode">
<paragraph id="E74772FB12BC799DDD9120EAFE79EAA3" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">DNA COI barcode.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EB8D744F09856CA58863327E234ADC0F" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
&gt;w61
<normalizedToken id="6A21BBF964BF19182D095D17C2B7A8AD" originalValue="b–">b-</normalizedToken>
nil result, DNA not extractable on this older material that may have been fixed in formalin (although there was no odour) or denatured by pH.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E8BB4BE86E752F751850F2534E88D780" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="05B916EAE42377EFA426E1E54E688F13" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="363456F7AB26169A6C0DE2C99AAF0590" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
Of all 970 pheretimoid species (
<bibRefCitation id="3E61FF32FF8DE0D8570B74F1CD7C3495" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Blakemore 2008a</bibRefCitation>
), only two are known to have spermathecal pores in 5 &amp; 6: viz.
<taxonomicName id="676A0310FE49E63D03AA5D4A2E92CC51" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amynthas serenus" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="serenus">Amynthas serenus</taxonomicName>
(Gates, 1936) from Pahang, Malaysia that also lacks GMs, and
<taxonomicName id="799E8403F785DDF3A0DE71B7D60999D3" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amynthas breviclitellatus" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="breviclitellatus">Amynthas? breviclitellatus</taxonomicName>
(Do &amp; Tran, 1995) from Vietnam that differs, at least, in its GMs in 7, 18 and 19. From
<normalizedToken id="CE81300E9A239BD0AE5B9917ADF3A1F7" originalValue="“Kôryô”">&quot;Koryo&quot;</normalizedToken>
Korea (about 30 Km from Seoul),
<taxonomicName id="D148FAF652FFF932041A874D2B8060ED" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amynthas fibulus subsp. fibulus" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="fibulus" subSpecies="fibulus">Amynthas fibulus fibulus</taxonomicName>
(Kobayashi, 1936: 159) is superficially similar but has spermathecal pores anteriorly in 6 &amp; 7 (rather than posteriorly in 5 &amp; 6) plus its caeca are incised ventrally (rather than smooth); ditto for
<taxonomicName id="A342FAA06B4887D1B19CBFF6C6B636AF" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amynthas fibulus subsp. ranunculus" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="fibulus" subSpecies="ranunculus">Amynthas fibulus ranunculus</taxonomicName>
(Kobayashi, 1936: 162) that further has slits lateral to male pores. Interestingly,
<bibRefCitation id="C63967A605001BE8CBEAB45EF6A0A970" author="Kobayashi, S" journalOrPublisher="Science Report of the Tohoku Imperial University" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" pagination="115 - 138" title="Distribution and some external characteristics of Pheretima (Ph.) carnosa (Goto et Hatai) from Korea." volume="11" year="1936">
<normalizedToken id="C16843867742402568795BEA71D633B8" originalValue="Kobayashi’s">Kobayashi's</normalizedToken>
(1936: fig. 6)
</bibRefCitation>
sketch of a prostate gland of
<taxonomicName id="95A54394470019801F85373373F2436D" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amynthas fibulus" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="fibulus">Amynthas fibulus</taxonomicName>
closely resembles the current
<normalizedToken id="9A2E969D2D2BAA4481CFF73ADEE7EE5A" originalValue="specimen’s">specimen's</normalizedToken>
gland (Fig. 2).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C37567AC587FDF64BFCEAEBD04173502" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
It should be here noted that
<bibRefCitation id="2D70CC850A27F5FDEA2241CB11A3336B" author="Sims, RW" journalOrPublisher="Biological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" pagination="169 - 268" title="A numerical revision of the earthworm genus Pheretima auct. (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) with the recognition of new genera and an appendix on the earthworms collected by the Royal Society North Borneo Expedition." url="10.1111/j.1095-8312.1972.tb00694.x" volume="4" year="1972">Sims and Easton (1972)</bibRefCitation>
inadvertently place these two
<pageBreakToken id="0B483B822F19F140242854F07F36D924" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" start="start">fibulus</pageBreakToken>
taxa in an
<taxonomicName id="0A6387158AF3F2B8CA51151639D014DA" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amynthas morrisi" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="morrisi">Amynthas morrisi</taxonomicName>
-group defined with spermathecae in 5/6/7 despite
<bibRefCitation id="2C5AA6E579BBF89D83920C654FA173EA" author="Kobayashi, S" journalOrPublisher="Science Report of the Tohoku Imperial University" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" pagination="115 - 138" title="Distribution and some external characteristics of Pheretima (Ph.) carnosa (Goto et Hatai) from Korea." volume="11" year="1936">Kobayashi (1936: 159)</bibRefCitation>
stating &quot;
<taxonomicName id="7D2454B6B6C467054F4CFE7C9045557C" genus="Spermathecal" lsidName="Spermathecal pores" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="pores">Spermathecal pores</taxonomicName>
, minute, 2 pairs anteriorly located on VI and VII, closely to the intersegmental furrows&quot;, i.e. strictly complying with Sims &amp;
<normalizedToken id="1D5BEC191019F33B3242BE719D82C13F" originalValue="Easton’s">Easton's</normalizedToken>
canaliculatus-group (then comprised of benignus Chen, 1946; canaliculata Gates, 1932; ralla Gates, 1936: 104; and rallida Gates, 1936: 106). It appears that many of
<bibRefCitation id="F5FE0734E78D7822226B8904FB7B532F" author="Hong, Y" journalOrPublisher="Revue Suisse de Zoologie" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" pagination="65 - 93" title="New species of Korean Amynthas Kinberg 1867 (Oligochaeta, Megascolecidae) with two pairs of spermathecae." volume="108" year="2001">
Hong and
<normalizedToken id="05A1992FABCDA698E18C246D5AD5CFC2" originalValue="James’">James'</normalizedToken>
(2001: 67, 68, 69, 75)
</bibRefCitation>
taxa have a similar attribute although their descriptions are ambiguously stated, such as: &quot; Spermathecal pores in 5/6 and 6/7...at or near leading edge of vi, vii&quot; and no useful figures are provided for the reader to decide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="22046788CF88809C48B7458F83466C58" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
If spermathecal pores were in 5/6/7 in any of the above taxa, then the
<normalizedToken id="56DFC40B355B426C3DF6927C8953E550" originalValue="morrisi-group’s">morrisi-group's</normalizedToken>
possible nearest relatives from Korea would likely be
<taxonomicName id="59799EC751DF34F6FF5D69D0E68EC0D7" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amynthas koreanus" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="koreanus">Amynthas koreanus</taxonomicName>
(Kobayashi, 1938: 115) that, however, has manicate caeca; or
<taxonomicName id="A8CD1832A6295D10FDA62327A92FE87B" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amynthas kobayashii" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kobayashii">Amynthas kobayashii</taxonomicName>
(Kobayashi, 1938: 119) and
<taxonomicName id="B84C95496510A2B6E0EA2A7D6E793403" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amynthas geojeinsulae" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="geojeinsulae">Amynthas geojeinsulae</taxonomicName>
(Song &amp; Paik, 1970) that both have male fields from 17-19 but differ in simple or incised caeca, respectively; or
<taxonomicName id="498AB0B951F46849B0AB4D7B3B2864AB" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amynthas assimilis" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="assimilis">Amynthas assimilis</taxonomicName>
Hong &amp; Kim, 2002 that, like many of its similar cited taxa, has seminal grooves on 18.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F7D2D130677D475EFF4EA0C63D3A74F" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">The current species has simple, superficial male pores on large disc-like pads on 18. Although not fully mature, it appears unique in the Korea fauna on its combination of this aspect of its male field, spermathecal pores in 5 &amp; 6 and its profusion of setae that number more than 100 per segment, combined with simple elongate intestinal caeca.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6651AC5FE5068001F0DD993B2CC7E026" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Fresh topotypic material is required to confirm these conclusions and to provide definitive DNA data, unless refinement of techniques allows extraction from older types.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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