186 lines
20 KiB
XML
186 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="287C3A5FADB3BD2DEB43599FAFD9EB05" ID-CLB-Dataset="54553" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5221.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3c98b60d-917e-428e-af26-ae56accd2646" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7441371" ID-ZooBank="BECF280B-99E0-4DE3-874B-8585C1E4602E" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1671100614055" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Miller, Douglass R. & Stocks, Ian C." docDate="2022" docId="AF31879188738131FF12FD7003C91BA7" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5221.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5221 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Carpochloroides Cockerell 1899" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="48" masterDocId="5308FFE9885C811EFF85FFC2025D1D10" masterDocTitle="New genera and species of felt scales (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Eriococcidae), with descriptions of new species and immature instars of described species" masterLastPageNumber="213" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="48" updateTime="1699413580947" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="934E9E10A9BCF1413971331989FF1D14">New genera and species of felt scales (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Eriococcidae), with descriptions of new species and immature instars of described species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7AD5438F3FC3377543C753256C6B9958">Miller, Douglass R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4984D7AD61BC7BB1BB4CD02E7014B0DF">Stocks, Ian C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="5538040920EDE9B57D84D276C0277D52" type="email">tocks@usda.gov</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="5010FB3A7545BD09CBA000BE0B41C787">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B732BC4FBD7501745C9640F376671D3F">2022</mods:date>
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<treatment id="AF31879188738131FF12FD7003C91BA7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7441432" ID-GBIF-Taxon="207926880" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7441432" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AF31879188738131FF12FD7003C91BA7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AF31879188738131FF12FD7003C91BA7" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<subSubSection id="6F82650C88738131FF12FD70007C1FDC" box="[151,545,690,717]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2727368788738131FF12FD70007C1FDC" blockId="47.[151,545,690,717]" box="[151,545,690,717]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<heading id="7C6F81EB88738131FF12FD70007C1FDC" bold="true" box="[151,545,690,717]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="E0984D0488738131FF12FD70007C1FDC" ID-CoL="3HTZ" authority="Cockerell 1899" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1899" box="[151,545,690,717]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Carpochloroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="15ECEA9588738131FF12FD70007C1FDC" bold="true" box="[151,545,690,717]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<emphasis id="15ECEA9588738131FF12FD7003021FDD" bold="true" box="[151,351,690,717]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Carpochloroides</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="43094B7688738131FEE2FD70007C1FDC" author="Cockerell, T. D. A." box="[359,545,690,716]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="12 - 13" refId="ref119750" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1899) Two new genera of lecaniine Coccidae. The Entomologist, 32, 12 - 13." type="journal article" year="1899">Cockerell 1899</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2727368788738131FF12FD3507781E00" blockId="47.[151,1317,759,784]" box="[151,1317,759,784]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="078811A988738131FF12FD3507781E00" box="[151,1317,759,784]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<subSubSection id="6F82650C88738131FF12FD35004C1E1F" box="[151,529,759,783]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="reference_group">
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<treatmentCitation id="A639109688738131FF12FD3500501E1F" author="Cockerell, T. D. A." box="[151,525,759,783]" page="12" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" year="1899">
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<taxonomicName id="E0984D0488738131FF12FD3500501E1F" ID-CoL="3HTZ" authority="Cockerell 1899: 12" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityPageNumber="12" authorityYear="1899" box="[151,525,759,783]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Carpochloroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="15ECEA9588738131FF12FD35031F1E1F" box="[151,322,759,783]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Carpochloroides</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="43094B7688738131FECDFD3500501E1F" author="Cockerell, T. D. A." box="[328,525,759,783]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="12 - 13" refId="ref119750" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1899) Two new genera of lecaniine Coccidae. The Entomologist, 32, 12 - 13." type="journal article" year="1899">Cockerell 1899: 12</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6F82650C88738131FD92FD3A07781E00" box="[535,1317,759,784]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="type_taxon">
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<typeStatus id="F823882588738131FD92FD3A00141E00" box="[535,585,760,784]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<treatmentCitation id="A639109688738131FD23FD3506D21E1F" author="Cockerell, T. D. A." box="[678,1167,759,783]" page="13" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" year="1899">
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<taxonomicName id="E0984D0488738131FD23FD3506D21E1F" ID-CoL="RG9F" authority="Cockerell, 1899: 12 - 13" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityPageNumber="12 - 13" authorityYear="1899" box="[678,1167,759,783]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Carpochloroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridis">
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<emphasis id="15ECEA9588738131FD23FD3501C51E1F" box="[678,920,759,783]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Carpochloroides viridis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="43094B7688738131FC1BFD3506D21E1F" author="Cockerell, T. D. A." box="[926,1167,759,783]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="12 - 13" refId="ref119750" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1899) Two new genera of lecaniine Coccidae. The Entomologist, 32, 12 - 13." type="journal article" year="1899">Cockerell, 1899: 12–13</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by monotypy.
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||
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="6F82650C88738131FF12FCFF03381B37" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="2727368788738131FF12FCFF01021EF7" blockId="47.[151,1437,829,1720]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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||
<emphasis id="15ECEA9588738131FF12FCFF00151E47" bold="true" box="[151,584,829,855]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Generic diagnosis of adult female:</emphasis>
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legs absent or greatly reduced; microtubular ducts with single internal sclerotization, not divided, similar in form to macrotubular ducts but smaller; macrotubular ducts, when present, with shallow internal cup; multilocular pores usually of 5-locular
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<typeStatus id="F823882588738131FC11FC4401951EB0" box="[916,968,902,928]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">type</typeStatus>
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; antennae unsegmented; labium 1- or 2- segmented; anal ring greatly reduced, usually without pores and setae; clypeus often with large anterior apodemes; frontal lobes, preantennal tubercles and cruciform pores absent.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="2727368788738131FF42FC3303381B37" blockId="47.[151,1437,829,1720]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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||
<emphasis id="15ECEA9588738131FF42FC33034E191B" bold="true" box="[199,275,1009,1035]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Notes:</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="43094B7688738131FE9FFC3303F0191C" author="Ferris, G. F." box="[282,429,1009,1036]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="81 - 89" refId="ref120480" refString="Ferris, G. F. (1957) A review of the family Eriococcidae (Insecta: Coccoidea). Microentomology, 22, 81 - 89." type="journal article" year="1957">Ferris (1957)</bibRefCitation>
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described a second species (
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<emphasis id="15ECEA9588738131FD6BFC3001E4191B" box="[750,953,1010,1036]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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Carpo.
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<taxonomicName id="E0984D0488738131FCC6FC3001E4191B" authorityName=", Ferris" authorityYear="1957" box="[835,953,1010,1035]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Carpochloroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">mexicanus</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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), which induces galls even though the
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<typeStatus id="F823882588738131FAE9FC3007C1191C" box="[1388,1436,1010,1036]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">type</typeStatus>
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species (
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<emphasis id="15ECEA9588738131FF7CFBD403CB193F" box="[249,406,1045,1072]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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Carpo.
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<taxonomicName id="E0984D0488738131FECBFBD703CB193F" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1899" box="[334,406,1045,1071]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Carpochloroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridis">viridis</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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) from
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<collectingCountry id="5F8F761788738131FE61FBD70075193F" box="[484,552,1045,1071]" name="Brazil" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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was not found in a gall. Based on morphology, there is reasonable evidence to place both species in the same genus. Since the mounted specimens were in such poor condition, the first author decided to look at dry material that Ferris retained and found a very interesting dilemma while examining the insides of the galls: there were two morphologically distinct adult females present. We have treated the two different
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<typeStatus id="F823882588738131FAE4FB4007C1198C" box="[1377,1436,1154,1180]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">types</typeStatus>
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of adult female as specimens of two different species, i.e.,
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<emphasis id="15ECEA9588738131FCC9FB64064119AF" box="[844,1052,1190,1216]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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Carpo.
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<taxonomicName id="E0984D0488738131FC23FB64064119AF" authorityName=", Ferris" authorityYear="1957" box="[934,1052,1190,1215]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Carpochloroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">mexicanus</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis id="15ECEA9588738131FBDFFB6406F419D0" box="[1114,1193,1190,1216]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Carpo.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="E0984D0488738131FB36FB6402BF19F3" authority="Miller and Stocks" authorityName="Miller and Stocks" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Carpochloroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eugeniae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="15ECEA9588738131FB36FB64074519AF" box="[1203,1304,1190,1215]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">eugeniae</emphasis>
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Miller and Stocks
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="15ECEA9588738131FF6FFB0B037719F3" bold="true" box="[234,298,1225,1251]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0EDF57EE88738131FF6FFB0B037719F3" box="[234,298,1225,1251]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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It is unclear if there were mixed infestations in more than one gall. However, the fact that immature instars of
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<emphasis id="15ECEA9588738131FE8FFB2C03951817" box="[266,456,1262,1288]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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Carpo.
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<taxonomicName id="E0984D0488738131FEE6FB2C03951817" authorityName="Miller and Stocks" authorityYear="2022" box="[355,456,1262,1287]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Carpochloroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eugeniae">eugeniae</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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were the only ones found in the galls suggests the possibility that
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<emphasis id="15ECEA9588738131FB4BFB2C07C11817" box="[1230,1436,1262,1288]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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||
Carpo.
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<taxonomicName id="E0984D0488738131FAA3FB2C07C11817" authorityName=", Ferris" authorityYear="1957" box="[1318,1436,1262,1287]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Carpochloroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">mexicanus</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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specimens invaded the galls induced by
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<emphasis id="15ECEA9588738131FDEEFAD0016D183B" box="[619,816,1298,1324]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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||
Carpo.
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<taxonomicName id="E0984D0488738131FD46FAD00171183B" authorityName="Miller and Stocks" authorityYear="2022" box="[707,812,1298,1323]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Carpochloroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eugeniae">eugeniae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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This hypothesis was first suggested by Penny Gullan (ANU, Australian National University, and ANIC, Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra) when reviewing the manuscript. Another hypothesis is that the two kinds of adult females are morphotypes of the same species. We have decided to proceed with describing
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<emphasis id="15ECEA9588738131FD1AFABC01011887" box="[671,860,1406,1432]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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Carpo.
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<taxonomicName id="E0984D0488738131FD72FABC01011887" authorityName="Miller and Stocks" authorityYear="2022" box="[759,860,1406,1431]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Carpochloroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eugeniae">eugeniae</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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as a new species to direct attention to its unusual life history and morphology. A third hypothesis is that one of the kinds of adult females is an inquiline within the confines of the gall induced by the second kind of adult female, but this seems unlikely. It also is of interest that
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<emphasis id="15ECEA9588738131FF12FA28030C1B13" box="[151,337,1514,1540]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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Carpo.
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<taxonomicName id="E0984D0488738131FF69FA28030C1B13" authorityName="Miller and Stocks" authorityYear="2022" box="[236,337,1514,1539]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Carpochloroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eugeniae">eugeniae</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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has second-instar males with legs and second-instar females that are legless. This is unusual within the Coccomorpha.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="6F82650C88738131FF42F9F303C91BA7" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="2727368788738131FF42F9F303C91BA7" blockId="47.[151,1437,829,1720]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="15ECEA9588738131FF42F9F3030F1B5B" bold="true" box="[199,338,1585,1611]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
The generic epithet
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0984D0488738131FDBCF9F300AB1B5B" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1899" box="[569,758,1585,1611]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Carpochloroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="15ECEA9588738131FDBCF9F300AB1B5B" box="[569,758,1585,1611]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Carpochloroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was composed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="43094B7688738131FC49F9F306D61B5B" author="Cockerell, T. D. A." box="[972,1163,1585,1611]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="12 - 13" refId="ref119750" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1899) Two new genera of lecaniine Coccidae. The Entomologist, 32, 12 - 13." type="journal article" year="1899">Cockerell (1899)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and apparently refers to the body of the adult female, which resembles the green fruit of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0984D0488738131FC04F99401831B7F" box="[897,990,1622,1647]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Eugenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="15ECEA9588738131FC04F99401831B7F" box="[897,990,1622,1647]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Eugenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
host. It is derived from the Greek words “
|
||
<emphasis id="15ECEA9588738131FF21F9BB02AD1B83" box="[164,240,1657,1683]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">karpos</emphasis>
|
||
” meaning “fruit”, “
|
||
<emphasis id="15ECEA9588738131FE55F9BB007E1B83" box="[464,547,1657,1683]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">chloros</emphasis>
|
||
” meaning “green”, and “
|
||
<emphasis id="15ECEA9588738131FCC4F9BB01D71B83" box="[833,906,1657,1683]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">oeidos</emphasis>
|
||
” meaning “likeness of form”. It is a masculine noun (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="43094B7688738131FF5BF95F03D51BA7" author="Williams, D. J." box="[222,392,1693,1719]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="66 - 68" refId="ref123031" refString="Williams, D. J. (2011) Some words used in scale insect names (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea). Zootaxa, 3087 (1), 66 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3087.1.3" type="journal article" year="2011">Williams 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |