717 lines
85 KiB
XML
717 lines
85 KiB
XML
<document id="6002405CC88871176D2E78ED13E32D95" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.187147" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e5956f2b-06e3-415c-8660-dee65903d1a1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="187147" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461063594278" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Vacelet, Jean, Kelly, Michelle & Schlacher-Hoenlinger, Monika" docDate="2009" docId="042F8785FF83FFD9DBBDFF274729FABC" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02073p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2073" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Chondrocladia (Meliiderma) tasmaniensis Vacelet, Kelly & Schlacher-Hoenlinger, 2009, sp.nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="67" masterDocId="F816FFFDFF85FFD3DB2AFFB04479FF97" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Chondrocladia (Demospongiae: Cladorhizidae) with a new spicule type from the deep south Pacific, and a discussion of the genus Meliiderma" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="57" pageNumber="63" updateTime="1698583072495" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="F1DB00312E3C5E07255C2E8B96C1A6EB" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="FA0C2C4EA6C485D878DD289117D68130">
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<mods:title id="7A78940A78D56A885AAFC3495E6DA125">Two new species of Chondrocladia (Demospongiae: Cladorhizidae) with a new spicule type from the deep south Pacific, and a discussion of the genus Meliiderma</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="DEE57FF04579AB4545D0E211BD1AB7D5" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="01FEB3253FC0BACE17E86A1077B4F521">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4F82F514A960320627695A00DDEAB6ED">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="B7EE3080B7D77596E623FC43BB7B28ED">Vacelet, Jean</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="8D6FF7613ABD91E7B89B56CB087E797F" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="09372B5AC20EE8BB49558AD886C3F19B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="8A5CEE8B960F7927546F51BAF97B496C">Kelly, Michelle</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="34BAFC3F2BCE34C1BB1B7FD20A6C5988" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="DE7CB1DE004B338901DF2413BA556DB8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="B99A9DC937444B97DA29007A3D9D9563">Schlacher-Hoenlinger, Monika</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="3AE4CF3EBC8B0E6CBE04CB389E38487D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="0077BB34794F3D71A499B2CDA5BAD885">
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<mods:title id="9C805C5FC91FC0171109D2A3C2486D85">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="3BFCF3DA8D2649CDAAC65C2DC7C72B17">
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<mods:date id="17E6725E790C0F058910A82EB2E797F5">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="C1994DE9168B58D7296F4C7BF74A0316" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="838CBD5BE6E438E123280A2E7C6D43C4">2073</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="C08BC81762303A686353B46B75E6EFA2">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="ED576A8EA7638A668F54C2A9533FF958" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.187147</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B210145244036AB5170E639DBB8FEAB2" type="GBIF-Dataset">e5956f2b-06e3-415c-8660-dee65903d1a1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="68D8F54B42499D4DC22B78FF0827D861" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CB485099F0AE7F8BD250E6885CD09388" type="Zenodo-Dep">187147</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="042F8785FF83FFD9DBBDFF274729FABC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5612556" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119614657" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5612556" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:042F8785FF83FFD9DBBDFF274729FABC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/042F8785FF83FFD9DBBDFF274729FABC" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
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<subSubSection id="C49C6518FF83FFD5DBBDFF27472DFF26" box="[151,852,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8C393693FF83FFD5DBBDFF27472DFF26" blockId="6.[151,852,151,177]" box="[151,852,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
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<heading id="D77181FFFF83FFD5DBBDFF27472DFF26" bold="true" box="[151,852,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF83FFD5DBBDFF27472DFF26" bold="true" box="[151,852,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
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<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF83FFD5DBBDFF2746EFFF26" ID-CoL="69ZHF" box="[151,662,151,177]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tasmaniensis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Meliiderma">
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<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF83FFD5DBBDFF274535FF26" bold="true" box="[151,332,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
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||
(
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<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF83FFD5DA76FF274591FF26" bold="true" box="[348,488,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Meliiderma</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF83FFD5DAD0FF2746EFFF26" bold="true" box="[506,662,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">tasmaniensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A5C157FAFF83FFD5D9B7FF27468AFF26" box="[669,755,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="14BD2A16FF83FFD5D829FF274735FF26" box="[771,844,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,259,1927,1951]" captionTargetBox="[251,1343,185,1901]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[251,1344,185,1901]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Chondrocladia (Meliiderma) tasmaniensis sp. nov. A. View of the type specimens; from left to right, holotype QM G 326397, paratypes 1, 2 and 3. B – E. Spicules of the holotype. B. Mycalostyles. C Head and tip of a mycalostyle. D. Anchorate isochelae. E. Trochirhabds." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187151/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C49C6518FF83FFD5DBBDFF55404BFDA3" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8C393693FF83FFD5DBBDFF554567FEDB" blockId="6.[151,1437,229,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
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||
Material examined.
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<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF83FFD5DAA6FF554638FF68" bold="true" box="[396,577,229,255]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
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||
<typeStatus id="533D8831FF83FFD5DAA6FF5545B2FF68" box="[396,459,229,255]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Type</typeStatus>
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material
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</emphasis>
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.
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<typeStatus id="533D8831FF83FFD5D978FF5546BAFF68" box="[594,707,229,255]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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QM G326397:
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<collectionCode id="EA97AE56FF83FFD5D8AFFF5547A7FF68" box="[901,990,229,255]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0k2v-y6wz" name="Australian National Fish Collection" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">CSIRO</collectionCode>
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Cruise-Station-Shot SS0207 Stn 33, Mini Matt seamount transect, SSW of Tasmania, -44.24473°, 146.16427°,
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<quantity id="4B7E9B76FF83FFD5DF01FEBC40ACFEB1" box="[1067,1237,268,294]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.24" metricValueMax="1.3599999999999999" metricValueMin="1.1199999999999999" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="1240.0" valueMax="1360.0" valueMin="1120.0">1120–1360 m</quantity>
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,
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<collectionCode id="EA97AE56FF83FFD5DFC8FEBC4147FEB1" box="[1250,1342,268,294]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0k2v-y6wz" name="Australian National Fish Collection" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">CSIRO</collectionCode>
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, sled,
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<date id="F8381053FF83FFD5DEA7FEBC4563FEDB" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" value="2007-04-05">5 April 2007</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8C393693FF83FFD5DBECFEE94682FD99" blockId="6.[151,1437,229,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
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<typeStatus id="533D8831FF83FFD5DBECFEE94541FEE4" box="[198,312,345,371]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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QM G324724: T. Koslov Stn 47, Dory Hill seamount transect, S of Tasmania, -44.33333°, 147.11°,
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<quantity id="4B7E9B76FF83FFD5DA2DFE3045CDFE0D" box="[263,436,384,410]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.508" metricValueMax="1.656" metricValueMin="1.3599999999999999" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="1508.0" valueMax="1656.0" valueMin="1360.0">1360–1656 m</quantity>
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, demersal rock sled,
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<date id="F8381053FF83FFD5D990FE3047F2FE0D" box="[698,907,384,410]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" value="1997-01-29">29 January 1997</date>
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. QM G324735: T. Koslov Stn 62, Hill A1 Reserve seamount/ transect, S of Tasmania, -44.32833°, 147.26833°,
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<quantity id="4B7E9B76FF83FFD5D8F3FE1640F8FE57" box="[985,1153,422,448]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8259999999999998" metricValueMax="2.253" metricValueMin="1.399" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="1826.0" valueMax="2253.0" valueMin="1399.0">1399–2253 m</quantity>
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, demersal rock sled,
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<date id="F8381053FF83FFD5DE54FE16457AFE70" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" value="1997-01-30">30 Jan 1997</date>
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; QM G 324745:T. Koslov Stn 47, Dory Hill seamount transect, S of Tasmania, -44.33333°, 147.11°,
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<quantity id="4B7E9B76FF83FFD5DBBDFE444545FD99" box="[151,316,500,526]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.508" metricValueMax="1.656" metricValueMin="1.3599999999999999" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="1508.0" valueMax="1656.0" valueMin="1360.0">1360–1656 m</quantity>
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||
, demersal rock sled,
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<date id="F8381053FF83FFD5D918FE44468EFD99" box="[562,759,500,526]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" value="1997-01-29">29 January 1997</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8C393693FF83FFD5DBEFFDAA404BFDA3" blockId="6.[151,1437,229,2036]" box="[197,1074,538,564]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
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||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF83FFD5DBEFFDAA4517FDA3" bold="true" box="[197,366,538,564]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
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||
<typeStatus id="533D8831FF83FFD5DBEFFDAA457BFDA3" box="[197,258,538,564]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Type</typeStatus>
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Locality
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</emphasis>
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. Mini Matt seamount transect, SSW of Tasmania,
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<collectingCountry id="F4917603FF83FFD5D895FDAA4057FDA3" box="[959,1070,538,564]" name="Australia" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Australia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C49C6518FF83FFD5DBEFFDF045DEFD58" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" type="distribution">
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||
<paragraph id="8C393693FF83FFD5DBEFFDF0461EFD15" blockId="6.[151,1437,229,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF83FFD5DBEFFDF0451DFDCD" bold="true" box="[197,356,576,602]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Distribution</emphasis>
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||
. Mini Matt seamount south-southwest of Tasmania, and Dory Hill and Hill A1 Reserve seamount, south of Tasmania,
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<collectingCountry id="F4917603FF83FFD5DAD1FDD8461EFD15" box="[507,615,616,642]" name="Australia" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Australia</collectingCountry>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8C393693FF83FFD5DBEFFD3E45DEFD58" blockId="6.[151,1437,229,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
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||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF83FFD5DBEFFD3E455CFD3F" bold="true" box="[197,293,654,680]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Habitat</emphasis>
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. Attached to fragments of a scleractinian coral
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<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF83FFD5D867FD3F4025FD3F" box="[845,1116,655,680]" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Solenosmilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="variabilis">
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<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF83FFD5D867FD3F4025FD3F" box="[845,1116,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Solenosmilia variabilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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rubble dredged from depth range of
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<quantity id="4B7E9B76FF83FFD5DBD5FD0545DAFD58" box="[255,419,693,719]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6865" metricValueMax="2.253" metricValueMin="1.1199999999999999" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="1686.5" valueMax="2253.0" valueMin="1120.0">1120–2253 m</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C49C6518FF83FFD5DBEFFD6B4756F92A" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8C393693FF83FFD5DBEFFD6B46A7FC49" blockId="6.[151,1437,229,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
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||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF83FFD5DBEFFD6B452FFD62" bold="true" box="[197,342,731,757]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Description</emphasis>
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. Four stipitate specimens, consisting of a subspherical body supported by a cylindrical stalk. Stalk broken in specimens G 324724 and G 324735, attached by an enlarged base to a fragment of
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<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF83FFD5DBBDFC9945C8FCD5" box="[151,433,809,834]" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Solenosmilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="variabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF83FFD5DBBDFC9945C8FCD5" box="[151,433,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Solenosmilia variabilis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
in
|
||
<typeStatus id="533D8831FF83FFD5DAF0FC99463DFCD4" box="[474,580,809,835]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and in
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||
<typeStatus id="533D8831FF83FFD5D98AFC994771FCD4" box="[672,776,809,835]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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||
G 324745. Body
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||
<quantity id="4B7E9B76FF83FFD5D8CEFC99403BFCD4" box="[996,1090,809,835]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="7.2">7.2 mm</quantity>
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||
in diameter in the
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<typeStatus id="533D8831FF83FFD5DE00FC9941EEFCD4" box="[1322,1431,809,835]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, varying from
|
||
<quantity id="4B7E9B76FF83FFD5DA6BFCE045AEFCFD" box="[321,471,848,874]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="6.25" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="3.5">3.5 to 9 mm</quantity>
|
||
in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="533D8831FF83FFD5D904FCE046DEFCFD" box="[558,679,848,874]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
, stalk
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||
<date id="F8381053FF83FFD5D9DCFCE0473DFCFD" box="[758,836,848,874]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" value="1912-10-01">
|
||
12 x
|
||
<quantity id="4B7E9B76FF83FFD5D81FFCE0473DFCFD" box="[821,836,848,874]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="1.0">1</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
mm in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="533D8831FF83FFD5D8F9FCE04038FCFD" box="[979,1089,848,874]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="F8381053FF83FFD5DF64FCE040CBFCFD" box="[1102,1202,848,874]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" value="1912-10-30">12–30 x</date>
|
||
<quantity id="4B7E9B76FF83FFD5DF91FCE04137FCFD" box="[1211,1358,848,874]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="1.2" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.9">0.9–1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="533D8831FF83FFD5DBBDFCC64575FC07" box="[151,268,886,912]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
. Body more or less regular in shape, surface uneven with numerous foreign bodies included. Stalk generally curved, smooth, slightly thicker near the base. Color cream to clear brown in alcohol. No visible aquiferous system; living tissue poorly preserved.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8C393693FF83FFD5DBEFFC5A4023FB08" blockId="6.[151,1437,229,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF83FFD5DBEFFC5A4541FB93" bold="true" box="[197,312,1002,1028]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Skeleton.</emphasis>
|
||
Stalk made of an axis of tightly packed longitudinal mycalostyles and substrongyles, including a few isochelae and isolated trochirhabds. Stalk axis covered by a dense sheath of closely packed trochirhabds, individual spicules sitting perpendicular to the axis with the larger swelling upwardly directed. Body with a skeleton of radiating fascicles of mycalostyles, and numerous anchorate isochelae. Foreign spicules of hexactinellid and of an
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF83FFD5D905FB3546AAFB09" box="[559,723,1157,1182]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Asbestopluma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF83FFD5D905FB3546AAFB09" box="[559,723,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Asbestopluma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. present in several specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8C393693FF83FFD5DBEFFB1B4756F92A" blockId="6.[151,1437,229,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF83FFD5DBEFFB1B46DBFB52" bold="true" box="[197,674,1195,1221]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
Spicules. Megascleres (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C1040328FF83FFD5DACAFB1B4647FB52" box="[480,574,1195,1221]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,239,340,364]" captionTargetBox="[151,1352,392,863]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 2. dimensions (µm) of Chondrocladia (Meliiderma) tasmaniensis sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D8F9661BFF8DFFDBDBBDFEE4407CFEFB" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" tableUuid="D8F9661BFF8DFFDBDBBDFEE4407CFEFB">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="14BD2A16FF83FFD5D961FB1B46EAFB52" box="[587,659,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,259,1927,1951]" captionTargetBox="[251,1343,185,1901]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[251,1344,185,1901]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Chondrocladia (Meliiderma) tasmaniensis sp. nov. A. View of the type specimens; from left to right, holotype QM G 326397, paratypes 1, 2 and 3. B – E. Spicules of the holotype. B. Mycalostyles. C Head and tip of a mycalostyle. D. Anchorate isochelae. E. Trochirhabds." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187151/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Mycalostyles 1 of the stalk and spicular axis of the body, slightly flexuous or a little bent in the third near the head, feebly fusiform, often with a slight swelling near the head, with a short acerate point. Size in
|
||
<typeStatus id="533D8831FF83FFD5D905FB4946E2FA84" box="[559,667,1273,1299]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: 350–950
|
||
<date id="F8381053FF83FFD5D83DFB494733FA84" box="[791,842,1273,1299]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" value="1910-10">x 10</date>
|
||
–27.5 µm. Mean size smaller in the fixation base: 350–660 (481 ± 77)
|
||
<date id="F8381053FF83FFD5DAA6FA904594FAAD" box="[396,493,1312,1338]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" value="1910-10-21">x 10–21</date>
|
||
(15.4 ± 2.7) µm, larger in the body: 740–950 (872.4 ± 53.6)
|
||
<date id="F8381053FF83FFD5DFEDFA904080FAAD" box="[1223,1273,1312,1338]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" value="1915-10">x 15</date>
|
||
–27.5 (21.6 ± 2.9) µm, intermediate in the stalk: 470–950 (745.2 ± 148.5) x 11.5–26 (19.2 ± 3.7) µm (from measurements in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="533D8831FF83FFD5DBEEFADD454DFA10" box="[196,308,1389,1415]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
). Size slightly larger in specimen QM G 324735.
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF83FFD5D8BFFADD416CFA10" bold="true" box="[917,1301,1389,1415]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
Microscleres (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C1040328FF83FFD5DF63FADD40D2FA10" box="[1097,1195,1389,1415]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,239,340,364]" captionTargetBox="[151,1352,392,863]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 2. dimensions (µm) of Chondrocladia (Meliiderma) tasmaniensis sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D8F9661BFF8DFFDBDBBDFEE4407CFEFB" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" tableUuid="D8F9661BFF8DFFDBDBBDFEE4407CFEFB">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="14BD2A16FF83FFD5DF90FADD417FFA10" box="[1210,1286,1389,1415]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,259,1927,1951]" captionTargetBox="[251,1343,185,1901]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[251,1344,185,1901]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Chondrocladia (Meliiderma) tasmaniensis sp. nov. A. View of the type specimens; from left to right, holotype QM G 326397, paratypes 1, 2 and 3. B – E. Spicules of the holotype. B. Mycalostyles. C Head and tip of a mycalostyle. D. Anchorate isochelae. E. Trochirhabds." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187151/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Anchorate isochelae, rare in the stalk, very abundant in the body, with narrow fimbriae and five lanceolate teeth measuring
|
||
<date id="F8381053FF83FFD5DA30FA0B4514FA42" box="[282,365,1467,1493]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" value="1918-10-04">4–18 x</date>
|
||
3.6–3.7 µm. Size 67.5–90 µm, shaft approximately 5.5–5.6 µm thick; Trochirhabds, very abundant as a sheath on the stalk, arranged perpendicularly in a dense cover with the large cap outwardly directed. Rhabd straight, bearing on each end respectively a cap and a subspherical bulge, and a disc in the middle. Cap large, resembling a mushroom pileus, convex and bearing small blunt spines giving it a rugose aspect on the upper surface, flat and smooth on the underside. Subspherical bulge, rugose on the surface. Disc without indentation, with a few blunt small spines on the edge. Rhabd smooth, sometimes with a faint swelling between the cap and the disc. Size 32.5–50 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C49C6518FF83FFD5DBEFF979474BF974" box="[197,818,1737,1763]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8C393693FF83FFD5DBEFF979474BF974" blockId="6.[151,1437,229,2036]" box="[197,818,1737,1763]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF83FFD5DBEFF979452FF974" bold="true" box="[197,342,1737,1763]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
Named from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="533D8831FF83FFD5D90EF979462EF974" box="[548,599,1737,1763]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, Tasmania
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C49C6518FF83FFDADBEFF95F40F5FB93" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8C393693FF83FFD5DBEFF95F41ECF863" blockId="6.[151,1437,229,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF83FFD5DBEFF95F4537F89B" bold="true" box="[197,334,1775,1804]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
This species differs from the two other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF83FFD5D89AF942401AF89C" box="[944,1123,1778,1803]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF83FFD5D89AF942401AF89C" box="[944,1123,1778,1803]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that have trochirhabds by the shape of these microscleres, which have a single ring, instead of two in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF83FFD5DF7CF8A940A1F8A5" box="[1110,1240,1817,1842]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="occulta">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF83FFD5DF7CF8A940A1F8A5" box="[1110,1240,1817,1842]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">C. occulta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and three in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF83FFD5DEAAF8A94562F8CE" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="turbiformis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF83FFD5DEAAF8A94562F8CE" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">C. turbiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF83FFD5DA09F88F4500F8CE" bold="true" box="[291,377,1855,1881]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A5C157FAFF83FFD5DA09F88F4500F8CE" box="[291,377,1855,1881]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The trochirhabds are also peculiar in that they have an enlarged end resembling a convex mushroom pileus rather than a hemisphere as in the two other species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF83FFD5D8C5F8D740D7F817" box="[1007,1198,1894,1920]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tasmaniensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF83FFD5D8C5F8D7407BF817" box="[1007,1026,1895,1920]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF83FFD5DF39F8D740D7F817" box="[1043,1198,1895,1920]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">tasmaniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF83FFD5DF9FF8D64174F817" bold="true" box="[1205,1293,1894,1920]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A5C157FAFF83FFD5DF9FF8D64174F817" box="[1205,1293,1894,1920]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
also differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF83FFD5DBF1F83D45F2F831" box="[219,395,1933,1958]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="turbiformis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF83FFD5DBF1F83D45F2F831" box="[219,395,1933,1958]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">C. turbiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF83FFD5DABEF83D4596F830" bold="true" box="[404,495,1933,1959]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A5C157FAFF83FFD5DABEF83D4596F830" box="[404,495,1933,1959]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
by the absence of substrongyles (although the fixation base, in which these spicules are generally localized in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF83FFD5D914F8044691F859" box="[574,744,1972,1998]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Cladorhizidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is present in two specimens), by the possible absence of small isochelae (which are localized in the embryos in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF83FFD5D834F86B47BDF863" box="[798,964,2011,2036]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="turbiformis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF83FFD5D834F86B47BDF863" box="[798,964,2011,2036]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">C. turbiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF83FFD5D8E6F86A4058F863" bold="true" box="[972,1057,2010,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A5C157FAFF83FFD5D8E6F86A4058F863" box="[972,1057,2010,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
), and by the absence of sigma.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="D8F9661BFF82FFD4DBBDF83746A7F873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187151/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" targetBox="[251,1343,185,1901]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8C393693FF82FFD4DBBDF83746A7F873" blockId="7.[151,1436,1927,2020]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF82FFD4DBBDF8374561F808" bold="true" box="[151,280,1927,1951]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF82FFD4DA0DF838477FF808" box="[295,774,1928,1951]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tasmaniensis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Meliiderma">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF82FFD4DA0DF838477FF808" box="[295,774,1928,1951]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Chondrocladia (Meliiderma) tasmaniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A5C157FAFF82FFD4D824F8374718F808" box="[782,865,1927,1951]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF82FFD4D824F8374718F808" bold="true" box="[782,865,1927,1951]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">sp.nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A. View of the type specimens; from left to right, holotype QM G326397, paratypes 1, 2 and 3. B–E. Spicules of the holotype. B. Mycalostyles. C Head and tip of a mycalostyle. D. Anchorate isochelae. E. Trochirhabds.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8C393693FF8DFFDBDBBDFF284673FEB1" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,294]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
The large isochelae are remarkably similar, although with slightly longer and larger alae in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8DFFDBDFF5FF2841E5FF26" box="[1247,1436,152,177]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tasmaniensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8DFFDBDFF5FF2841E5FF26" box="[1247,1436,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">C. tasmaniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8DFFDBDBBDFF0E448BFF4F" bold="true" box="[151,242,190,216]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A5C157FAFF8DFFDBDBBDFF0E448BFF4F" box="[151,242,190,216]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Two specimens are preserved with a fixation base attached to a fragment of scleractinian coral, showing that they were living on small hard substrates rather than anchored in mud by a rhizoid system as many other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8DFFDBDA09FEBC45AAFEB2" box="[291,467,268,293]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8DFFDBDA09FEBC45AAFEB2" box="[291,467,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="D8F9661BFF8DFFDBDBBDFEE4407CFEFB" ID-Table-UUID="D8F9661BFF8DFFDBDBBDFEE4407CFEFB" box="[151,1029,340,364]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D8F9661BFF8DFFDBDBBDFEE4407CFEFB" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" targetBox="[151,1352,392,863]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8C393693FF8DFFDBDBBDFEE4407CFEFB" blockId="8.[151,1029,340,364]" box="[151,1029,340,364]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8DFFDBDBBDFEE44571FEFB" bold="true" box="[151,264,340,364]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
dimensions (µm) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8DFFDBDAC0FEE547C9FEFB" box="[490,944,341,364]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tasmaniensis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Meliiderma">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8DFFDBDAC0FEE546F3FEFB" box="[490,650,341,364]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8DFFDBD9B0FEE5476FFEFB" box="[666,790,341,364]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Meliiderma</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8DFFDBD80CFEE547C9FEFB" box="[806,944,341,364]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">tasmaniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A5C157FAFF8DFFDBD89CFEE4407CFEFB" box="[950,1029,340,364]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8C393693FF8DFFDBDAF9FE384562FCC8" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<table id="FE86C433FF8D002CDBBDFE384131FCC8" box="[151,1352,392,863]" gridcols="4" gridrows="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<tr id="32B634D1FF8D002CDBBDFE384131FE08" box="[151,1352,392,415]" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="71675DADFF8D002CDAF9FE384693FE08" box="[467,746,392,415]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Mycalostyles</th>
|
||
<th id="71675DADFF8D002CD844FE384795FE08" box="[878,1004,392,415]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Isochelae</th>
|
||
<th id="71675DADFF8D002CDF91FE384131FE08" box="[1211,1352,392,415]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Trochirhabds</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="32B634D1FF8D002CDBBDFE024131FE7B" box="[151,1352,434,492]" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<th id="71675DADFF8D002CDBBDFE024543FE7B" box="[151,314,434,492]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">QM G 326397</th>
|
||
<td id="71675DADFF8D002CDAF9FE024693FE7B" box="[467,746,434,492]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">350–950 (699.5 ± 192.3) x 10–27.5 (18.5 ± 4.1)</td>
|
||
<td id="71675DADFF8D002CD844FE024795FE7B" box="[878,1004,434,492]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">72.5–90 (80 ± 4.6)</td>
|
||
<td id="71675DADFF8D002CDF91FE024131FE7B" box="[1211,1352,434,492]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">32.5–40 (37.1 ± 2.26)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="32B634D1FF8D002CDBBDFDB04131FDAE" box="[151,1352,512,569]" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<th id="71675DADFF8D002CDBBDFDB04543FDAE" box="[151,314,512,569]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">QM G 324724</th>
|
||
<td id="71675DADFF8D002CDAF9FDB04693FDAE" box="[467,746,512,569]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">330–910 (567 ± 160) x 12.5–30 (19.5 ± 5.8)</td>
|
||
<td id="71675DADFF8D002CD844FDB04795FDAE" box="[878,1004,512,569]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">75–90 (82 ± 4.6)</td>
|
||
<td id="71675DADFF8D002CDF91FDB04131FDAE" box="[1211,1352,512,569]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">35–45 (38.5 ± 2.95)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="32B634D1FF8D002CDBBDFDFD4131FD10" box="[151,1352,589,647]" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<th id="71675DADFF8D002CDBBDFDFD4543FD10" box="[151,314,589,647]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">QM G 324735</th>
|
||
<td id="71675DADFF8D002CDAF9FDFD4693FD10" box="[467,746,589,647]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">340–1062 (847.2 ± 215.3) x 15–50 (31.2 ± 11.26)</td>
|
||
<td id="71675DADFF8D002CD844FDFD4795FD10" box="[878,1004,589,647]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">67.5–90 (80.8 ± 4.6)</td>
|
||
<td id="71675DADFF8D002CDF91FDFD4131FD10" box="[1211,1352,589,647]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">35–50 (38.7 ± 3.13)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="32B634D1FF8D002CDBBDFD2A4131FD43" box="[151,1352,666,724]" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<th id="71675DADFF8D002CDBBDFD2A4543FD43" box="[151,314,666,724]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">QM G 324745</th>
|
||
<td id="71675DADFF8D002CDAF9FD2A4693FD43" box="[467,746,666,724]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">343–985 (505 ± 195) x 11–27.5 (18 ± 4.76)</td>
|
||
<td id="71675DADFF8D002CD844FD2A4795FD43" box="[878,1004,666,724]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">74–89 (80.8 ± 3.6)</td>
|
||
<td id="71675DADFF8D002CDF91FD2A4131FD43" box="[1211,1352,666,724]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">35–45.5 (39.5 ± 2.42)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="32B634D1FF8D002CDBBDFCF54131FCC8" box="[151,1352,837,863]" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="71675DADFF8D002CDBBDFCF54543FCC8" box="[151,314,837,863]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Discussion</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8C393693FF8DFFDBDBBDFC3E40E6FAC5" blockId="8.[151,1437,910,2019]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
The two new sponges display the typical morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8DFFDBD863FC3F4784FC3F" box="[841,1021,911,936]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8DFFDBD863FC3F4784FC3F" box="[841,1021,911,936]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which may be rather diverse, but most frequently consists of a subspherical body perched on a stalk with various lateral appendages. The spicule complement of mycalostyles and anchorate isochelae, with or without sigmas or sigmancistras, is also typical of the genus, although it does not allow their identification to a known species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8DFFDBDF85FBB24126FB8C" box="[1199,1375,1026,1051]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8DFFDBDF85FBB24126FB8C" box="[1199,1375,1026,1051]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The new species are separated from other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8DFFDBD947FB99475FFBD5" box="[621,806,1065,1090]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8DFFDBD947FB99475FFBD5" box="[621,806,1065,1090]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the presence on the stalk of a sheath of special spicules that we here propose to name “trochirhabds”, a name derived from the ancient Greek
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8DFFDBDFF4FBE04162FBFE" box="[1246,1307,1104,1129]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">troch</emphasis>
|
||
or
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8DFFDBDE6BFBE041ECFBFE" box="[1345,1429,1104,1129]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">trochal</emphasis>
|
||
, meaning disc-shaped. The spicules strongly resemble spinning-top toys, which bear a disc or discs on a shaft. These trochirhabds are similar to the ‘discorhabds’ described in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8DFFDBD8B4FB2D41FBFB20" authority="Lehnert et al., 2006" authorityName="Lehnert et al." authorityYear="2006" box="[926,1410,1181,1207]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="occulta">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8DFFDBD8B4FB2D40F2FB21" box="[926,1163,1181,1206]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Latrunculia occulta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E8174B62FF8DFFDBDFB9FB2D41FBFB20" author="Lehnert" box="[1171,1410,1181,1207]" pageId="8" pageNumber="68" refString="Lehnert, H., Stone, R. & Heimler, W. (2006) New species of Poecilosclerida (Demospongiae, Porifera) from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA. Zootaxa, 1155, 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="2006">Lehnert et al., 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a sponge which has been interpreted as an elusive epizoan on the stalk of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8DFFDBD8F6FB74459CFA93" authority="(Schmidt, 1880) (Lehnert et al. 2006)" authorityName="(Schmidt, 1880) (Lehnert et al." authorityYear="2006" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="concrescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8DFFDBD8F6FB74415BFB4A" box="[988,1314,1220,1245]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Chondrocladia concrescens</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E8174B62FF8DFFDBDE1BFB7444ACFA93" author="Schmidt" pageId="8" pageNumber="68" refString="Schmidt, O. (1880), Die Spongien des Meerbussen von Mexico (und des Caraibischen Meeres). Zweites Heft (Schluss), Gustav Fischer, Jena, 33 - 90 pp." type="book chapter" year="1880">Schmidt, 1880</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E8174B62FF8DFFDBDBC7FB5A45A4FA93" author="Lehnert" box="[237,477,1258,1284]" pageId="8" pageNumber="68" refString="Lehnert, H., Stone, R. & Heimler, W. (2006) New species of Poecilosclerida (Demospongiae, Porifera) from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA. Zootaxa, 1155, 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="2006">Lehnert et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Our interpretation of these spicules as proper to some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8DFFDBDFADFB5B4145FA93" box="[1159,1340,1259,1284]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8DFFDBDFADFB5B4145FA93" box="[1159,1340,1259,1284]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species radically differs from that given by these authors, and we propose to correct the name of this sponge to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8DFFDBDBBDFA8846D1FAC5" authority="Lehnert et al., 2006" authorityName="Lehnert et al." authorityYear="2006" box="[151,680,1336,1362]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="occulta">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8DFFDBDBBDFA8845DDFAC6" box="[151,420,1336,1361]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Chondrocladia occulta</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E8174B62FF8DFFDBDA9EFA8846D9FAC5" author="Lehnert" box="[436,672,1336,1362]" pageId="8" pageNumber="68" refString="Lehnert, H., Stone, R. & Heimler, W. (2006) New species of Poecilosclerida (Demospongiae, Porifera) from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA. Zootaxa, 1155, 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="2006">Lehnert et al., 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This interpretation rests on several points:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8C393693FF8DFFDBDBEFFAEE415BF943" blockId="8.[151,1437,910,2019]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
(1) Although the trochirhabds resemble the discate microrhabds called acanthodiscorhabds that are diagnostic of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8DFFDBDA4BFA354672FA08" box="[353,523,1413,1439]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Latrunculiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E8174B62FF8DFFDBD931FA354766FA08" author="Samaai" box="[539,799,1413,1439]" pageId="8" pageNumber="68" refString="Samaai, T. & Kelly, M. (2002) Family Latrunculiidae Topsent, 1922. In Hooper, J. N. A. & Soest, R. W. M. van (eds), Systema Porifera: A Guide to the Classification of Sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, 708 - 719." type="book chapter" year="2002">Samaai & Kelly 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E8174B62FF8DFFDBD801FA354071FA08" author="Samaai" box="[811,1032,1413,1439]" pageId="8" pageNumber="68" refString="Samaai, T., Gibbons, M. J., Kelly, M. & Davis-Coleman, M. (2003) South African Latrunculiidae (Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida): description of new species of Latrunculia du Bocage, Strongylodesma Levi, and Tsisikamma Samaai & Kelly. Zootaxa, 371, 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="2003">Samaai et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the resemblance is mostly due to the presence of two or three discs along a rhabd and does not indicate that they are homologous. In trochirhabds the rings derive from swellings of the shaft of the spicule rather than from coalescing spines as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8DFFDBDBBDFA494535F984" box="[151,332,1529,1555]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Latrunculiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as evidenced by our observation of incompletely developed spicules, which we have also observed on the slides of “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8DFFDBDAFEF99046C7F9AE" box="[468,702,1568,1593]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="occulta">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8DFFDBDAFEF99046C7F9AE" box="[468,702,1568,1593]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Latrunculia occulta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”. Similarly, the terminal bulges have a different structure and origin than the apex and manubrium of discorhabds.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E8174B62FF8DFFDBD839F9F6407BF9F7" box="[787,1026,1606,1632]" pageId="8" pageNumber="68" refString="Lehnert, H., Stone, R. & Heimler, W. (2006) New species of Poecilosclerida (Demospongiae, Porifera) from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA. Zootaxa, 1155, 1 - 23." type="journal article">Lehnert et al (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also pointed out these differences and admitted that the terminology of discorhabds does not apply to these spicules. Trochirhabds appear in fact to be another example of discorhabd-like microscleres that have been described in several groups of sponges taxonomically different from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8DFFDBDAD8F90A46D9F943" box="[498,672,1722,1748]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Latrunculiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8DFFDBD822F90B4717F943" box="[776,878,1723,1748]" class="Demospongiae" family="Heteroxyidae" genus="Didiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8DFFDBD822F90B4717F943" box="[776,878,1723,1748]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Didiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8DFFDBD8BFF90B4167F943" authority="Samaai & Kelly 2002" authorityName="Samaai & Kelly" authorityYear="2002" box="[917,1310,1722,1748]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Barbozia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8DFFDBD8BFF90B4078F943" box="[917,1025,1723,1748]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Barbozia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E8174B62FF8DFFDBDF3AF90A416FF943" author="Samaai" box="[1040,1302,1722,1748]" pageId="8" pageNumber="68" refString="Samaai, T. & Kelly, M. (2002) Family Latrunculiidae Topsent, 1922. In Hooper, J. N. A. & Soest, R. W. M. van (eds), Systema Porifera: A Guide to the Classification of Sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, 708 - 719." type="book chapter" year="2002">Samaai & Kelly 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8C393693FF8DFFDADBEFF95146DBFE0D" blockId="8.[151,1437,910,2019]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,152,2034]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
(2) The body of the presumed epizoic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8DFFDBD9ABF9514772F96D" box="[641,779,1761,1786]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8DFFDBD9ABF9514772F96D" box="[641,779,1761,1786]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Latrunculia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not seen by the authors. Lehnert et al recorded only ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8DFFDBDB8BF8B847B0F8B6" box="[161,969,1800,1825]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">a very thin encrustation with a thickness of only a unispicular layer</emphasis>
|
||
’ of spicules. Similarly, the stalk of our specimens does not display an encrustation which could correspond to an epizoic sponge, neither in macroscopic observations nor on sections, but only a thin unispicular layer of trochirhabds arranged perpendicularly to the surface of the axis in the best preserved individuals. In some specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8DFFDBDEAAF8CC4566F82B" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="turbiformis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8DFFDBDEAAF8CC4566F82B" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">C. turbiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8DFFDBDA02F81245F9F82B" bold="true" box="[296,384,1954,1980]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A5C157FAFF8DFFDBDA02F81245F9F82B" box="[296,384,1954,1980]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, specimen NIWA21359 for instance, some trochirhabds are intimately mixed with the spicules of the stalk axis, or display at the surface a rosette-like arrangement which is unknown in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8CFFDADBBDFF284534FF25" box="[151,333,152,178]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Latrunculiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Furthermore, there are no other spicules which could be proper to a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8CFFDADF88FF28414BFF26" box="[1186,1330,152,177]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8CFFDADF88FF28414BFF26" box="[1186,1330,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Latrunculia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, such as straight styles or strongyles arranged in wispy tracts. This would mean that the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8CFFDADF5FFF0F417FFF4F" box="[1141,1286,191,216]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8CFFDADF5FFF0F417FFF4F" box="[1141,1286,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Latrunculia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has lost the megascleres in relation with its epizoic mode of life, which is unlikely. The substrongyles that are found in the basal part of the stalk in the two new species are rather unusual in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8CFFDAD88DFEBC402EFEB2" box="[935,1111,268,293]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8CFFDAD88DFEBC402EFEB2" box="[935,1111,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although quite common in the basal part of the stalk of many
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8CFFDAD90DFE8246B6FEDB" box="[551,719,306,332]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Cladorhizidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We have checked that they are well integrated in the spicular axis of the stalk, with some intermediaries with the normal styles. They are thus proper to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8CFFDADFCEFEE941EDFEE5" box="[1252,1428,345,370]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8CFFDADFCEFEE941EDFEE5" box="[1252,1428,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and cannot belong to an elusive
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8CFFDAD93AFE3046E3FE0E" box="[528,666,384,409]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8CFFDAD93AFE3046E3FE0E" box="[528,666,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Latrunculia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8C393693FF8CFFDADBEFFE1647B8FD9A" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
|
||
(3) The characters of the three
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8CFFDAD978FE174776FE57" box="[594,783,423,448]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8CFFDAD978FE174776FE57" box="[594,783,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. in which trochirhabds have been observed are consistent. The trochirhabds are distinctive between the three species, and these characters are well correlated with the specific characters of the normal spicules of
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8CFFDAD822FE4447B8FD9A" box="[776,961,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8CFFDAD822FE4447C4FD9A" box="[776,957,500,525]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Chondrocladia</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8C393693FF8CFFDADBEFFDAA40F5FB93" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
|
||
These special, non-meniscoid microscleres are very unusual in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8CFFDAD8FAFDAA40FEFDA4" box="[976,1159,538,563]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8CFFDAD8FAFDAA40FEFDA4" box="[976,1159,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and more generally in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8CFFDADBBDFDF14535FDCC" box="[151,332,577,603]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Cladorhizidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which have a large variety of microscleres derived from sigmas (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E8174B62FF8CFFDADFBFFDF1413BFDCC" author="Vacelet" box="[1173,1346,577,603]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" refString="Vacelet, J. (2007) Diversity and evolution of deep-sea carnivorous sponges. In Custodio, M. R., Lobo-Hajdu, G., Hajdu, E. & Muricy, G. (eds), Porifera Research: biodiversity, innovation and sustainability. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 107 - 115." type="book chapter" year="2007">Vacelet 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Their protorhabds appears to be straight, contrary to that of the spinorhabds of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8CFFDADF25FDD840ABFD15" box="[1039,1234,616,642]" class="Demospongiae" family="Podospongiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Podospongiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which originate from a sigmoid spicule. However, the juvenile trochirhabds closely resemble in shape, size and arrangement the “spear-like spicules” described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E8174B62FF8CFFDAD9AAFD0547CAFD58" author="Ridley" box="[640,947,693,719]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" refString="Ridley, O. S. & Dendy, A. (1887), Report on the Monaxonida collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876, Report on the Scientific Results of the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, 1873 - 1876. Zoology 20 (59), London, 275 pp + 52 pl." type="book chapter" year="1887">
|
||
Ridley and Dendy,
|
||
<quantity id="4B7E9B76FF8CFFDAD85FFD0547CAFD58" box="[885,947,693,719]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.79298" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" unit="in" value="1887.0">1887</quantity>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8CFFDAD8F7FD054099FD59" box="[989,1248,693,718]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Meliiderma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="stipitata">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8CFFDAD8F7FD054099FD59" box="[989,1248,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Meliiderma stipitata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, transferred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8CFFDADBBDFD6C4531FD62" box="[151,328,732,757]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8CFFDADBBDFD6C4531FD62" box="[151,328,732,757]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E8174B62FF8CFFDADA58FD6C46F9FD61" author="Hajdu" box="[370,640,732,758]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" refString="Hajdu, E. & Vacelet, J. (2002) Family Cladorhizidae. In Hooper, J. N. A. & Soest, R. W. M. van (eds), Systema Porifera: A Guide to the Classification of Sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, 636 - 641." type="book chapter" year="2002">Hajdu & Vacelet, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. In this species, the fully grown spear-like spicules have only faintly marked swellings. They are ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8CFFDADADDFCB24031FC8C" box="[503,1096,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">densely packed in a single layer around the stalk</emphasis>
|
||
’ (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E8174B62FF8CFFDADF49FCB241E9FC8B" author="Ridley" box="[1123,1424,770,796]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" refString="Ridley, O. S. & Dendy, A. (1887), Report on the Monaxonida collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876, Report on the Scientific Results of the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, 1873 - 1876. Zoology 20 (59), London, 275 pp + 52 pl." type="book chapter" year="1887">Ridley and Dendy, 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Remarkably, Ridley & Dendy first thought that these spicules belong to an epizoic sponge, an interpretation similar to that of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E8174B62FF8CFFDADA45FCE04611FCFD" box="[367,616,848,874]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" refString="Lehnert, H., Stone, R. & Heimler, W. (2006) New species of Poecilosclerida (Demospongiae, Porifera) from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA. Zootaxa, 1155, 1 - 23." type="journal article">Lehnert et al.(2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but that they discarded on closer examination. A special skeleton occurring at the base of the shaft is rather frequent in carnivorous sponges. It could be a feltwork of spinose microstyles in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8CFFDADA65FC2D4582FC21" box="[335,507,925,950]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Asbestopluma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8CFFDADA65FC2D4582FC21" box="[335,507,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Asbestopluma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a sheath of granulose tylostyles in some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8CFFDADF2DFC2D40B9FC21" box="[1031,1216,925,950]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8CFFDADF2DFC2D40B9FC21" box="[1031,1216,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E8174B62FF8CFFDADFFBFC2D41EEFC20" author="Lundbeck" box="[1233,1431,925,951]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" refString="Lundbeck, W. (1905) Porifera. Pars II: Desmacidonidae (pars). The Danish Ingolf-Expedition, 6 (2), 1 - 219." type="journal article" year="1905">Lundbeck 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E8174B62FF8CFFDADBBDFC744540FC49" author="Topsent" box="[151,313,964,990]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" refString="Topsent, E. (1930) Chondrocladia yatsui, n. sp. de la Baie de Sagami. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses, 12, 421 - 432." type="journal article" year="1930">Topsent 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), or short and thick substrongyles sometimes evolving in desmas. It seems that in a small group of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8CFFDADB9CFC5A451EFB94" box="[182,359,1002,1027]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8CFFDADB9CFC5A451EFB94" box="[182,359,1002,1027]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
these spicules are more specialized, and in the form of trochirhabds.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C49C6518FF8CFFDADBEFFBA1410BF865" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8C393693FF8CFFDADBEFFBA146C3F8A7" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8CFFDADBD3FBA145D0FBBD" ID-CoL="84MC5" box="[249,425,1041,1066]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8CFFDADBD3FBA145D0FBBD" box="[249,425,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
considered here, with such a spicule lining of the stalk, clearly differ by the characters of these spicules. They are subtrochirhabds, spear-like spicules showing only annular swellings in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8CFFDADE30FB8845C5FBEF" authority="Ridley & Dendy, 1886" authorityName="Ridley & Dendy" authorityYear="1886" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Meliiderma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="stipitata">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8CFFDADE30FB8841E5FBC6" box="[1306,1436,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">C. stipitata</emphasis>
|
||
(Ridley & Dendy, 1886)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the subantarctic Indian Ocean (between Prince Edward and Crozet Islands). They are fully formed trochirhabds in the three other species, with three discs in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8CFFDADF7FFB354084FB09" ID-CoL="5XZHG" box="[1109,1277,1157,1183]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="turbiformis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8CFFDADF7FFB354011FB09" box="[1109,1128,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8CFFDADF52FB354084FB09" box="[1144,1277,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">turbiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8CFFDADE2EFB354122FB08" bold="true" box="[1284,1371,1157,1183]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A5C157FAFF8CFFDADE2EFB354122FB08" box="[1284,1371,1157,1183]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F4917603FF8CFFDADBBDFB1C4541FB51" box="[151,312,1196,1222]" name="New Zealand" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
, two discs in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8CFFDADAFDFB1C4629FB52" box="[471,592,1196,1221]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="occulta">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8CFFDADAFDFB1C4629FB52" box="[471,592,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">C. occulta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the North Pacific, and a single disc with a bulge enlarged in a cap in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8CFFDADB9DFB634502FB7B" ID-CoL="69ZHF" box="[183,379,1235,1260]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tasmaniensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8CFFDADB9DFB634502FB7B" box="[183,379,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">C. tasmaniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8CFFDADAAEFB6245A6FB7B" bold="true" box="[388,479,1234,1260]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A5C157FAFF8CFFDADAAEFB6245A6FB7B" box="[388,479,1234,1260]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F4917603FF8CFFDAD951FB634689FB7A" box="[635,752,1235,1261]" name="Australia" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The four species have a rather similar shape and other spicule complement, with anchorate isochelae bearing five teeth similar in size. We have examined the slides of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8CFFDADB90FA904543FAAE" box="[186,314,1312,1337]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="occulta">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8CFFDADB90FA904543FAAE" box="[186,314,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">L. occulta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mixed with a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8CFFDADADEFA9046CBFAAE" ID-CoL="84MC5" box="[500,690,1312,1337]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8CFFDADADEFA9046CBFAAE" box="[500,690,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8CFFDAD848FA904058FAAE" ID-CoL="69ZG5" box="[866,1057,1312,1337]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="concrescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8CFFDAD848FA904058FAAE" box="[866,1057,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">C. concrescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E8174B62FF8CFFDADF79FA90412EFAAD" box="[1107,1367,1312,1338]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" refString="Lehnert, H., Stone, R. & Heimler, W. (2006) New species of Poecilosclerida (Demospongiae, Porifera) from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA. Zootaxa, 1155, 1 - 23." type="journal article">Lehnert et al (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. This
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8CFFDADBBDFAF74531FAF7" ID-CoL="84MC5" box="[151,328,1351,1376]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8CFFDADBBDFAF74531FAF7" box="[151,328,1351,1376]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has, in addition to trochirhabds 42–54 µm long and bearing only two rings, a spiculation rather similar to that of the two new species, indicating that they are near relatives (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C1040328FF8CFFDADF1AFADD40F5FA10" box="[1072,1164,1389,1415]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,239,345,369]" captionTargetBox="[151,1409,550,797]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 3. Characters of Chondrocladia spp. subgenus Meliiderma, spicule sizes in µm." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D8F9661BFF8FFFD9DBBDFEE9403FFEE7" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" tableUuid="D8F9661BFF8FFFD9DBBDFEE9403FFEE7">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). The styles are feebly fusiform, with a short acerate point, sometimes a little flexuous, 1200–2100
|
||
<date id="F8381053FF8CFFDADF62FA2440D2FA39" box="[1096,1195,1428,1454]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" value="1938-10-30">x 30–38</date>
|
||
µm. The anchorate isochelae, 75–98 µm, bear five teeth, with rather large fimbriae. The trochirhabds form a very coherent layer on the base of the sponge, similar to the feltwork of granulose styles frequently found in cladorhizids, but here very regularly arranged. This spiculation, however, differs from that of the two new species not only by the characters of the trochirhabds, but also by the absence of sigmas. The absence of the small size of isochelae, which could be localized in embryos, and of substrongyles, which are localized at the base of the stalk, are less significant. The characters of the “normal” spicules, without taking into account the trochirhabds, clearly differ from those of the Caribbean
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8CFFDAD96EF9134684F92B" ID-CoL="69ZG5" box="[580,765,1699,1724]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="concrescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8CFFDAD96EF9134684F92B" box="[580,765,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">C. concrescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which according to Schmidt’s description checked by Topsent (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E8174B62FF8CFFDADA28F97945D3F974" author="Schmidt" box="[258,426,1737,1763]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" refString="Schmidt, O. (1880), Die Spongien des Meerbussen von Mexico (und des Caraibischen Meeres). Zweites Heft (Schluss), Gustav Fischer, Jena, 33 - 90 pp." type="book chapter" year="1880">Schmidt 1880</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E8174B62FF8CFFDADA9FF979462DF974" author="Topsent" box="[437,596,1737,1763]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" refString="Topsent, E. (1920) Spongiaires du Musee Zoologique de Strasbourg: Monaxonides. Bulletin de l'Institut oceanographique de Monaco, 381, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1920">Topsent 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) has large isochelae with 6 or 7 teeth measuring 71–120 µm or 110–130 µm, small isochelae 28–31 or 27–40 µm long displaying a distinctive shape with long teeth nearly in contact by their tip, and sigmancistras 69–97 µm long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8C393693FF8CFFDADBEFF88D410BF865" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
|
||
The similarity in shape and in spicule complement of these four
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8CFFDAD896F88D4015F8C1" ID-CoL="84MC5" box="[956,1132,1853,1878]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8CFFDAD896F88D4015F8C1" box="[956,1132,1853,1878]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. with a spicule lining on the stalk indicates a close relationship, which could justify the distinction as a subgenus of
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8CFFDADFCEF8D441E5F8EA" box="[1252,1436,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8CFFDADFCEF8D441E1F8EA" ID-CoL="84MC5" box="[1252,1432,1892,1917]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Chondrocladia</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
We propose here to revive
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8CFFDADACAF83B47E0F832" authority="Ridley & Dendy 1887" authorityName="Ridley & Dendy" authorityYear="1887" box="[480,921,1931,1957]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Meliiderma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8CFFDADACAF83B4614F833" box="[480,621,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Meliiderma</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E8174B62FF8CFFDAD954F83B47E9F832" author="Ridley" box="[638,912,1931,1957]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" refString="Ridley, O. S. & Dendy, A. (1887), Report on the Monaxonida collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876, Report on the Scientific Results of the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, 1873 - 1876. Zoology 20 (59), London, 275 pp + 52 pl." type="book chapter" year="1887">Ridley & Dendy 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a subgenus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8CFFDADF59F83B4150F833" ID-CoL="84MC5" box="[1139,1321,1931,1956]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8CFFDADF59F83B4150F833" box="[1139,1321,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for these species, with the diagnosis given above. The four known species have anchorate isochelae with five teeth, and substrongyles may be present in the basal part of the stalk in the species where the fixation base is known.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C49C6518FF8FFFD9DBEFFF284729FABC" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8C393693FF8FFFD9DBEFFF28470FFF68" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,255]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
|
||
Another
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8FFFD9DA04FF2846F1FF25" authority="(Meliiderma)" baseAuthorityName="Meliiderma" box="[302,648,152,178]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8FFFD9DA04FF284598FF26" box="[302,481,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8FFFD9DADEFF284606FF26" box="[500,639,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Meliiderma</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, with similar characters and probably new to science, has been discovered in 2005 during the ANDEEP III-Expedition in the deep
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F4917603FF8FFFD9D8D3FF0E401EFF4F" box="[1017,1127,190,216]" name="Antarctica" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
|
||
Weddel Sea, and is in the process of description (D. Janussen, personal communication).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="D8F9661BFF8FFFD9DBBDFEE9403FFEE7" ID-Table-UUID="D8F9661BFF8FFFD9DBBDFEE9403FFEE7" box="[151,1094,345,369]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D8F9661BFF8FFFD9DBBDFEE9403FFEE7" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" targetBox="[151,1409,550,797]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8C393693FF8FFFD9DBBDFEE9403FFEE7" blockId="10.[151,1409,345,531]" box="[151,1094,345,369]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8FFFD9DBBDFEE94571FEE6" bold="true" box="[151,264,345,369]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8FFFD9DA8CFEE9463FFEE7" box="[422,582,345,368]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8FFFD9DA8CFEE9463FFEE7" box="[422,582,345,368]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8FFFD9D9C3FEE9471CFEE7" box="[745,869,345,368]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Meliiderma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8FFFD9D9C3FEE9471CFEE7" box="[745,869,345,368]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Meliiderma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, spicule sizes in µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8C393693FF8FFFD9DA58FE3C4150FE67" blockId="10.[151,1409,345,531]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
|
||
Shape Mycalostyles Substrongyles Isochelae Sigmas Trochirhabds
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8FFFD9DBB5FE064621FE5A" authority="Subglobular, 1000" authorityName="Subglobular" authorityYear="1000" box="[159,600,438,461]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="turbiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8FFFD9DBB5FE06454FFE5A" box="[159,310,438,461]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">C. turbiformis</emphasis>
|
||
Subglobular, 1000
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–1700 x 260–
|
||
<date id="F8381053FF8FFFD9D834FE06472BFE5A" box="[798,850,438,461]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" value="1288-10-12" valueMax="1288-10-30" valueMin="1288-10-12">1288</date>
|
||
x 12–30 68–95 & 32– 30–50 30–50, three
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8FFFD9DBB5FE694497FE66" bold="true" box="[159,238,473,497]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">sp.nov.</emphasis>
|
||
stipitate 15–45 & 340– 50.5 with 5 rings
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8C393693FF8FFFD9D909FE4C4793FD84" blockId="10.[151,1409,345,531]" box="[547,1002,508,531]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<date id="F8381053FF8FFFD9D909FE4C46D0FD84" box="[547,681,508,531]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" value="1400-10-04" valueMax="1400-10-15" valueMin="1400-10-04">1400 x 4–15</date>
|
||
alae
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8C393693FF8FFFD9DBB5FD96413DFC8A" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<table id="FE86C433FF8F002CDBBDFD9641F8FC8A" box="[151,1409,550,797]" gridcols="3" gridrows="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<tr id="32B634D1FF8F002CDBBDFD9641F8FDF6" box="[151,1409,550,609]" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<th id="71675DADFF8F002CDBBDFD9646A8FDF6" box="[151,721,550,609]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8FFFD9DBB5FD96458FFDAA" authority="Subglobular" authorityName="Subglobular" box="[159,502,550,573]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tasmaniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8FFFD9DBB5FD964531FDAA" box="[159,328,550,573]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">C. tasmaniensis</emphasis>
|
||
Subglobular
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 330–1062 x 10–
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8FFFD9DBB5FDF94497FDF6" bold="true" box="[159,238,585,609]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">sp.nov.</emphasis>
|
||
stipitate 50
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="71675DADFF8F002CD895FD9640F2FDF6" box="[959,1163,550,609]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">67.5–90, with 5 alae</th>
|
||
<th id="71675DADFF8F002CDFDEFD9641F8FDF6" box="[1268,1409,550,609]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">32.5–50, one ring</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="32B634D1FF8F002CDBBDFDC441F8FD3A" box="[151,1409,628,685]" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<th id="71675DADFF8F002CDBBDFDC446A8FD3A" box="[151,721,628,685]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8FFFD9DBB5FDC4462EFD1C" authority="Subglobular, 1200" authorityName="Subglobular" authorityYear="1200" box="[159,599,628,651]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="occulta">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8FFFD9DBB5FDC44574FD1C" box="[159,269,628,651]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">C. occulta</emphasis>
|
||
Subglobular, 1200
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–2100 x Lehnert
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8FFFD9DBD2FD264557FD3A" box="[248,302,662,685]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
stipitate 30–38
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="71675DADFF8F002CD895FDC440F2FD3A" box="[959,1163,628,685]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">75–98, with 5 alae</td>
|
||
<td id="71675DADFF8F002CDFDEFDC441F8FD3A" box="[1268,1409,628,685]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">42–54, two rings</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="32B634D1FF8F002CDBBDFD7141F8FC8A" box="[151,1409,705,797]" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<th id="71675DADFF8F002CDBBDFD7146A8FC8A" box="[151,721,705,797]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8FFFD9DBB5FD71463DFD4F" authority="Ridley Subglobular, Up" authorityName="Ridley Subglobular, Up" box="[159,580,705,728]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Meliiderma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="stipitata">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8FFFD9DBB5FD71456AFD4F" box="[159,275,705,728]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">C. stipitata</emphasis>
|
||
Ridley Subglobular, Up
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to 2200 x 38 & Dendy stipitate
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="71675DADFF8F002CD895FD7140F2FC8A" box="[959,1163,705,797]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">85, with 5 alae 55</td>
|
||
<td id="71675DADFF8F002CDFDEFD7141F8FC8A" box="[1268,1409,705,797]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Spear-like styles 62–100</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8C393693FF8FFFD9DBEFFCD84729FABC" blockId="10.[151,1436,872,1323]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
|
||
With the exception of a superficial resemblance to the discorhabds of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8FFFD9DF32FCD840B2FC15" box="[1048,1227,872,898]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Latrunculiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the trochirhabds have no known equivalent in Recent sponge spicules. However, and interestingly, they closely resemble the fossil spicules described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E8174B62FF8FFFD9DAC2FC0546E5FC58" author="Mostler" box="[488,668,949,975]" pageId="10" pageNumber="68" refString="Mostler, H. (1990) Mikroscleren von Demospongien (Porifera) aus dem basalen Jura der Nordlichen Kalkalpen. Geologische Palaontologische Mitteillungen Innsbruck, 17, 119 - 142." type="journal article" year="1990">Möstler (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from sediment of the Early Jurassic of the Northern Calcareous Alps. The fossil spicules generally have two rings, as those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8FFFD9D8A8FC6C4039FC62" box="[898,1088,988,1013]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="occulta" subGenus="Meliiderma">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8FFFD9D8A8FC6C4039FC62" box="[898,1088,988,1013]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">C. (M.) occulta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and exactly the same shape. Similar spicules, with three rings, have also been recorded from strata of deep-sea sediments dating back to the Miocene from the NE Atlantic near
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F4917603FF8FFFD9D95CFB9946B7FBD4" box="[630,718,1065,1091]" name="Iceland" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Iceland</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E8174B62FF8FFFD9D9F4FB99470BFBD4" author="Bukry" box="[734,882,1065,1091]" pageId="10" pageNumber="68" refString="Bukry, D. (1979) 18. Coccolith and silicoflagellate stratigraphy, northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge and Reykjanes Ridge, Deep Sea Drilling Project leg 49. In Luyendyck, B. P., Cann, J. R., et al. (eds), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. U. S. Governement printing Office, Washington, 551 - 581." type="book chapter" year="1979">Bukry 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These spicules were termed ‘cricorhabds’ or ‘microcricorhabds’ by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E8174B62FF8FFFD9DA89FBE0462EFBFD" author="Mostler" box="[419,599,1104,1130]" pageId="10" pageNumber="68" refString="Mostler, H. (1990) Mikroscleren von Demospongien (Porifera) aus dem basalen Jura der Nordlichen Kalkalpen. Geologische Palaontologische Mitteillungen Innsbruck, 17, 119 - 142." type="journal article" year="1990">Möstler (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, followed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E8174B62FF8FFFD9D9DCFBE0478BFBFD" author="Wiedenmayer" box="[758,1010,1104,1130]" pageId="10" pageNumber="68" refString="Wiedenmayer, F. (1994) Contributions to the knowledge of post-palaeozoic neretic and archibenthal sponges (Porifera): The stratigraphic record, ecology, and global distribution of intermediate and higher taxa. Schweizerische Palaontologische Abhandlungen, 116, 1 - 147." type="journal article" year="1994">Wiedenmayer (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, a rather general term used by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E8174B62FF8FFFD9DE73FBE0449EFB07" author="Rauff" pageId="10" pageNumber="68" refString="Rauff, H. (1893) Palaeospongiologie. Parts I (1893) and II / 1 (1894). Palaeontographica, 40, 1 - 232." type="journal article" year="1893">Rauff (1893)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for monaxons provided with annular swellings. We prefer here to coin the new, more specific term ‘trochirhabd’ for these spicules. The fossil records suggest that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8FFFD9D892FB2D4158FB20" authority="(Meliiderma)" baseAuthorityName="Meliiderma" box="[952,1313,1181,1207]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8FFFD9D892FB2D400BFB21" box="[952,1138,1181,1206]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8FFFD9DFACFB2D416FFB21" box="[1158,1302,1181,1206]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Meliiderma</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. with trochirhabds are very ancient, dating back at least from the Early Jurassic. The presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B864D10FF8FFFD9DFE9FB74410AFB4A" box="[1219,1395,1220,1245]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2EA81FF8FFFD9DFE9FB74410AFB4A" box="[1219,1395,1220,1245]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. at this period has been already suggested by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E8174B62FF8FFFD9D9B4FB5A4728FA93" author="Mostler" box="[670,849,1258,1284]" pageId="10" pageNumber="68" refString="Mostler, H. (1990) Mikroscleren von Demospongien (Porifera) aus dem basalen Jura der Nordlichen Kalkalpen. Geologische Palaontologische Mitteillungen Innsbruck, 17, 119 - 142." type="journal article" year="1990">Möstler (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, based on the presence of anchorate isochelae, but these microscleres are more ubiquitous and less significant.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |