treatments-xml/data/BA/1C/6F/BA1C6F6A306ADC108F5AAB457EAA87C8.xml

<document id="3C01AE8442FEBA03205A31F57094A5FF" ID-DOI="10.1016/j.sajb.2014.03.008" ID-ISSN="1727-9321" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10496967" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1705064508502" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Powell, R. F., Boatwright, J. S. &amp; Magee, A. R." docDate="2014" docId="BA1C6F6A306ADC108F5AAB457EAA87C8" docLanguage="en" docName="SAfrJBot.93.105-117.pdf" docOrigin="South African Journal of Botany 93" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2014.03.008" docStyle="DocumentStyle:AD72C92759D651943977BAEA6E2218B4.1:SAfrJBot.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="AD72C92759D651943977BAEA6E2218B4" docStyleName="SAfrJBot.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Cotula myriophylloides Harv." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="109" masterDocId="462517123069DC148C7FA8357E4F800C" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Cotula coronopifolia group (Asteraceae) and implications for the conservation statuses of the species *" masterLastPageNumber="117" masterPageNumber="105" pageNumber="108" updateTime="1706014894491" updateUser="diego">
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<mods:title id="77BE803CE04154C4119A11C8007D6CD1">A taxonomic revision of the Cotula coronopifolia group (Asteraceae) and implications for the conservation statuses of the species *</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="8E3762BB7DF65C455AF59486AB7E7C30">South African Journal of Botany</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E1E418977E499C3E2160DC2A6E7DA77B">2014</mods:date>
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<treatment id="BA1C6F6A306ADC108F5AAB457EAA87C8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BA1C6F6A306ADC108F5AAB457EAA87C8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BA1C6F6A306ADC108F5AAB457EAA87C8" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="109" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
<subSubSection id="7AAF8DF7306ADC178F5AAB457B238388" box="[805,1388,880,900]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="320ADE7C306ADC178F5AAB457B238388" blockId="3.[804,1475,880,1737]" box="[805,1388,880,900]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
<emphasis id="00C1026E306ADC178F5AAB457D7A8388" box="[805,821,880,900]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F5B5A5FF306ADC178F45AB457B278388" ID-CoL="YYQ2" authority="Harv." authorityName="Harv." box="[826,1384,880,900]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cotula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="myriophylloides">
<emphasis id="00C1026E306ADC178F45AB457A418388" box="[826,1038,880,900]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Cotula myriophylloides</emphasis>
Harv., in 
<collectorName id="9F40BBAA306ADC178816AB447AC48388" box="[1129,1163,881,900]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Hk.</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="9F40BBAA306ADC1788ECAB447A918388" box="[1171,1246,881,900]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Icon. Pl.</collectorName>
4: 335 (1840)
</taxonomicName>
,
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7AAF8DF7306ADC17890DAB447AB183DB" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="320ADE7C306ADC17890DAB447AB183DB" blockId="3.[804,1475,880,1737]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
<treatmentCitations id="F72917C6306ADC17890DAB447AC98393" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
<collectorName id="9F40BBAA306ADC17890DAB447BE88388" box="[1394,1447,881,900]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Harv.</collectorName>
, in 
<collectorName id="9F40BBAA306ADC178F5AABB87D1683AC" box="[805,857,909,928]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Harv.</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="9F40BBAA306ADC178F0DABB97D868393" box="[882,969,908,927]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Sond., Fl.</collectorName>
Cap. 3: 179 (1865)
</treatmentCitations>
; 
<treatmentCitations id="F72917C6306ADC1788EFABB87A5E83B7" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
<collectorName id="9F40BBAA306ADC1788EFABB87A9B83AC" box="[1168,1236,909,928]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Levyns</collectorName>
, in 
<collectorName id="9F40BBAA306ADC178889ABB97B1E8393" box="[1270,1361,908,927]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Adamson</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="9F40BBAA306ADC178915ABB97B8C8393" box="[1386,1475,908,927]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Salter, Fl.</collectorName>
Cap. Penins. 162 (1950)
</treatmentCitations>
; 
<treatmentCitations id="F72917C6306ADC178864AB9D7BF183B7" box="[1051,1470,936,956]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
<collectorName id="9F40BBAA306ADC178864AB9D7A3A83B7" box="[1051,1141,936,955]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Goldblatt</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="9F40BBAA306ADC1788EFAB9D7AA783B7" box="[1168,1256,936,955]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Manning</collectorName>
, 
<collectingRegion id="F071109E306ADC17888DAB9C7B6E83B0" box="[1266,1313,937,956]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Cape</collectingRegion>
<collectorName id="9F40BBAA306ADC178957AB9D7B0C83B7" box="[1320,1347,936,955]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Pl.</collectorName>
: 366 (2000)
</treatmentCitations>
; 
<treatmentCitations id="F72917C6306ADC178F5AABF17AB583DB" box="[805,1274,964,983]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
<collectorName id="9F40BBAA306ADC178F5AABF17D3283DB" box="[805,893,964,983]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Manning</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="9F40BBAA306ADC178FE5ABF17A3183DB" box="[922,1150,964,983]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Goldblatt, Pl. Gr. C.F.R.</collectorName>
: 366 (2012)
</treatmentCitations>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7AAF8DF7306ADC17897AABF07DAD8427" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="320ADE7C306ADC17897AABF07DAD8427" blockId="3.[804,1475,880,1737]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
<materialsCitation id="82DDD421306ADC17897AABF07D978427" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
<typeStatus id="ED0E60DE306ADC17897AABF07B7683D4" box="[1285,1337,965,984]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Type</typeStatus>
: 
<collectingCountry id="4AA29EEC306ADC17893CABF17B8F83DB" box="[1347,1472,964,983]" name="South Africa" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">South Africa</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="F071109E306ADC178F5AABD47A5583FF" box="[805,1050,992,1012]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Western Cape Province</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="F071109E306ADC17885BABD57A1A83FF" box="[1060,1109,992,1011]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Cape</collectingRegion>
<location id="376A88A7306ADC178823ABD47ADA83F8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BA1C6F6A306ADC108F5AAB457EAA87C8:376A88A7306ADC178823ABD47ADA83F8" box="[1116,1173,993,1012]" country="South Africa" county="Harvey" municipality="Greenpoint" name="Town" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" stateProvince="Western Cape">Town</location>
(3318): 
<collectingMunicipality id="D26E4406306ADC17888EABD57B2983FF" box="[1265,1382,992,1011]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Greenpoint</collectingMunicipality>
, in pools (–CD), 
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<collectingCounty id="DB6BA6F0306ADC178F10ABCE7DF98403" box="[879,950,1019,1039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Harvey</collectingCounty>
s.n.
</emphasis>
(TCD lecto. -image!, designated here; K-image!, P-image!, isolecto.
</materialsCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7AAF8DF7306ADC178F3AAC017B6A86C5" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" type="description">
<paragraph id="320ADE7C306ADC178F3AAC017B6A86C5" blockId="3.[804,1475,880,1737]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
Floating aquatic annual herb. 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306ADC17880FAC067AE7844B" box="[1136,1192,1075,1095]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Stems</emphasis>
<quantity id="F54D7399306ADC1788D0AC017B67844B" box="[1199,1320,1076,1095]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="0.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" unit="mm" value="140.0" valueMax="240.0" valueMin="40.0">40–240 mm</quantity>
long, glabrous, somewhat spongy, 
<quantity id="F54D7399306ADC178F9EAC657A1A846F" box="[993,1109,1104,1123]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.5 mm</quantity>
in diameter. 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306ADC1788AAAC7A7B5C846F" box="[1237,1299,1103,1123]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Leaves</emphasis>
opposite, spreading, palmatisect, 20–40 × 5.0– 
<quantity id="F54D7399306ADC178832AC597AD98473" box="[1101,1174,1132,1151]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
; base dilated, forming a prominent sheath around the stem, sheath 2.0–3.0 mm long; lobes linear, 20–35 × 
<quantity id="F54D7399306ADC178FFDAC917DA484BB" box="[898,1003,1188,1207]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" unit="mm" value="0.6" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.2">0.2–1 mm</quantity>
, ±terete, turgid, dark green, glabrous, apices acute, margins entire. 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306ADC178F8CAC8B7A7084DE" box="[1011,1087,1214,1234]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Capitula</emphasis>
heterogamous, disciform, solitary, terminal, pedunculate; peduncles glabrous, 
<quantity id="F54D7399306ADC1788F4ACEE7ABC84E3" box="[1163,1267,1243,1263]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" unit="mm" value="30.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="20.0">20–40 mm</quantity>
. 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306ADC178884ACEF7B1F84E2" box="[1275,1360,1242,1262]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Involucre</emphasis>
hemispherical to campaniform, 3.0–5.0 × 3.0– 
<quantity id="F54D7399306ADC1788FDACC27A868507" box="[1154,1225,1271,1291]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
, 1-seriate, bracts broadly ovate to broadly elliptic, 2.3–3.0 × 1.0– 
<quantity id="F54D7399306ADC1788DFAD267AA4852B" box="[1184,1259,1299,1319]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
, glabrous, green, apex and margins narrowly scarious, three to five veined, secondary venation prominent. 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306ADC178FECAD7F7DBC8552" box="[915,1011,1354,1374]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Receptacle</emphasis>
flat, epalate; pedicels tubiform, 
<quantity id="F54D7399306ADC178960AD7E7BC08552" box="[1311,1423,1355,1374]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" unit="mm" value="0.44999999999999996" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.6 mm</quantity>
long, decreasing in length centrifugally, attaching to floret apically. 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306ADC178914AD537D10859A" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
Disciform 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306ADC178F5AADB67D7E859A" bold="true" box="[805,817,1411,1430]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">fl</emphasis>
orets
</emphasis>
female, 3 to 10, in single outer series; corolla absent; style 
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long; ovary marginally ribbed, glabrous on inner face; 2 apical appendages present. 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306ADC178832AD8C7AF885C1" box="[1101,1207,1465,1486]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
Disc 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306ADC178803AD8E7AC785C2" bold="true" box="[1148,1160,1467,1486]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">fl</emphasis>
orets
</emphasis>
bisexual, 25 to 40; corolla 1.5–2.0 mm long, yellow, funnel-shaped tube with basal swelling, longitudinal resin canals present, limb slightly wider than tube, 4 lobed; lobes triangular, upright to spreading, dorsally tuburculate, glandular; anthers 
<quantity id="F54D7399306ADC178F9DAE1F7A178631" box="[994,1112,1578,1597]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" unit="mm" value="0.85" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1.2 mm</quantity>
long (including apical appendages), ecaudate, apical appendages ovate, acute; style terete with thickened base; branches truncate, papillate apically–dorsally; ovary marginally ribbed, glabrous. 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306ADC178827AE487AE3869D" box="[1112,1196,1661,1681]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Cypselas</emphasis>
heteromorphic; disciform cypselas ovoid, ca. 1.5 × 
<quantity id="F54D7399306ADC178866AEAF7A2986A1" box="[1049,1126,1690,1709]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
, marginally ribbed, with two ovate apical appendages, glabrous; disc cypselas not seen.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="66CA8EF4306ADC178C25ACB67FE28508" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10496973" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10496973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10496973/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" startId="3.[90,116,1155,1169]" targetBox="[95,755,145,1117]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="320ADE7C306ADC178C25ACB67FE28508" blockId="3.[90,761,1154,1284]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
<emphasis id="00C1026E306ADC178C25ACB67EC0849D" bold="true" box="[90,143,1155,1169]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
Bract variation in the 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306ADC178D26ACB77C7C849E" box="[345,563,1154,1170]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName id="F5B5A5FF306ADC178D26ACB77FB7849E" box="[345,504,1154,1170]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cotula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coronopifolia">Cotula coronopifolia</taxonomicName>
group.
</emphasis>
(A) 
<taxonomicName id="F5B5A5FF306ADC178E1FACB77CBE849E" box="[608,753,1154,1170]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cotula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="myriophylloides">
<emphasis id="00C1026E306ADC178E1FACB77CBE849E" box="[608,753,1154,1170]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">C. myriophylloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; (B) 
<taxonomicName id="F5B5A5FF306ADC178C04ACAC7EAE84A5" box="[123,225,1177,1193]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cotula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eckloniana">
<emphasis id="00C1026E306ADC178C04ACAC7EAE84A5" box="[123,225,1177,1193]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">C. eckloniana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, outer (B1) and inner (B2) bracts; (C) 
<taxonomicName id="F5B5A5FF306ADC178E58ACAC7C3784A5" box="[551,632,1177,1193]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cotula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
<emphasis id="00C1026E306ADC178E58ACAC7C3784A5" box="[551,632,1177,1193]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">C. vulgaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; (D) 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306ADC178ED7ACAC7CBE84A4" box="[680,753,1177,1193]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
C. 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306ADC178EC2ACAF7C8884A5" bold="true" box="[701,711,1178,1193]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">fi</emphasis>
lifolia
</emphasis>
; (E) 
<taxonomicName id="F5B5A5FF306ADC178C08AC857EF784B3" box="[119,184,1200,1216]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cotula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pusilla">
<emphasis id="00C1026E306ADC178C08AC857EF784B3" box="[119,184,1200,1216]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">C. pusilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; (F) 
<taxonomicName id="F5B5A5FF306ADC178CA1AC857F7984B3" box="[222,310,1200,1216]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cotula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bipinnata">
<emphasis id="00C1026E306ADC178CA1AC857F7984B3" box="[222,310,1200,1216]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">C. bipinnata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; (G) 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306ADC178D20AC857F9984B3" box="[351,470,1200,1216]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName id="F5B5A5FF306ADC178D20AC857F9D84B3" box="[351,466,1200,1216]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cotula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coronopifolia">C. coronopifolia</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Vouchers: (A) 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306ADC178E37AC857CF384B3" box="[584,700,1200,1216]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Compton 15396</emphasis>
(NBG); (B) 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306ADC178C08ACF27F2284DA" box="[119,365,1223,1238]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Mucina &amp; Jakubowsky 040606/12</emphasis>
(NBG); (C) 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306ADC178DB6ACF37C4884DA" box="[457,519,1222,1238]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Gubb 76</emphasis>
(NBG); (D) 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306ADC178E1AACF27CF284DA" box="[613,701,1223,1238]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Helme 3483</emphasis>
(NBG); (E) 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306ADC178C07ACEB7F4384E1" box="[120,268,1246,1261]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Jakubowsky 1/2007</emphasis>
(NBG); (F) 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306ADC178D14ACE87FAB84E1" box="[363,484,1245,1261]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Compton 11632</emphasis>
(NBG); (G) 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306ADC178E38ACE87C3B84E1" box="[583,628,1245,1261]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Oliver</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306ADC178E02ACE87E398508" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">TÖlken &amp; Venter 313</emphasis>
(NBG). Scale = 1 mm. Artist R.F. Powell.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="7AAF8DF7306ADC178F5BAED97DE587C8" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="320ADE7C306ADC178F5BAED97DA8870C" blockId="3.[804,1475,1772,1988]" box="[804,999,1772,1792]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
<emphasis id="00C1026E306ADC178F5BAED97DA8870C" box="[804,999,1772,1792]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Diagnostic characters</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<subSection id="5B3AC797306ADC178C25AECA7CB787CF" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" type="multiple">
<subSubSection id="7AAF8DF7306ADC178C25AECA7C3F871E" box="[90,624,1790,1810]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="320ADE7C306ADC178C25AECA7C3F871E" blockId="3.[90,624,1790,1810]" box="[90,624,1790,1810]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
<heading id="69426910306ADC178C25AECA7C3F871E" bold="true" box="[90,624,1790,1810]" fontSize="36" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" reason="1">
<emphasis id="00C1026E306ADC178C25AECA7C3F871E" bold="true" box="[90,624,1790,1810]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
4. Key to the species of the 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306ADC178D17AECB7C61871E" bold="true" box="[360,558,1790,1810]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName id="F5B5A5FF306ADC178D17AECB7FE8871E" box="[360,423,1790,1810]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cotula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cotula</taxonomicName>
coronopifolia
</emphasis>
group
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<paragraph id="320ADE7C306ADC178F3BAF3C7DE587C8" blockId="3.[804,1475,1772,1988]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
The aquatic habit and floating stems of 
<taxonomicName id="F5B5A5FF306ADC1788CEAF3D7B188710" box="[1201,1367,1800,1820]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cotula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="myriophylloides">
<emphasis id="00C1026E306ADC1788CEAF3D7B188710" box="[1201,1367,1800,1820]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">C. myriophylloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
render this species unmistakable. It shares the opposite leaves and broadly ovate bracts with the terrestrial 
<taxonomicName id="F5B5A5FF306ADC17885FAF757AD68758" box="[1056,1177,1856,1876]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cotula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eckloniana">
<emphasis id="00C1026E306ADC17885FAF757AD68758" box="[1056,1177,1856,1876]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">C. eckloniana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="AA8EC2F9306ADC1788D7AF747B4A8758" box="[1192,1285,1857,1876]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[90,116,1155,1169]" captionTargetBox="[95,755,145,1117]" captionTargetId="figure-787@3.[93,757,142,1120]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Bract variation in the Cotula coronopifolia group. (A) C. myriophylloides; (B) C. eckloniana, outer (B1) and inner (B2) bracts; (C) C. vulgaris; (D) C. filifolia; (E) C.pusilla; (F) C. bipinnata; (G) C. coronopifolia.Vouchers:(A) Compton 15396 (NBG); (B) Mucina &amp; Jakubowsky 040606/12 (NBG); (C) Gubb 76 (NBG); (D) Helme 3483 (NBG); (E) Jakubowsky 1/2007 (NBG); (F) Compton 11632 (NBG); (G) Oliver, TÖlken &amp; Venter 313 (NBG). Scale = 1 mm. Artist R.F.Powell." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10496973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10496973/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Fig. 3A–B</figureCitation>
), but can be further distinguished by the uniseriate involucre, tubiform pedicels and the marginally ribbed fruit (
<figureCitation id="AA8EC2F9306ADC178868AF4C7A138780" box="[1047,1116,1913,1932]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[113,138,1224,1238]" captionTargetBox="[282,1329,145,1185]" captionTargetId="figure-457@4.[280,1331,142,1188]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig.4.Floret variation showing the disciform and disc floret of each species in the Cotulacoronopifolia group.(A) C.myriophylloides: (A1) disciform floret;(A2) disc floret;(B) C.eckloniana: (B1) disciform floret,(B2) disc floret dorsal view,(B3) disc floret ventral view with ovary,(B4) disc floret ventral view without ovary; (C) C.vulgaris: (C1) disciform floret,(C2) disc floret; (D) C.fililfolia: (D1) disciform floret, (D2) disc floret; (E) C.pusilla: (E1) disciform floret, (E2) disc floret; (F) C.bipinnata: (F1) disciform floret, (F2) disc floret; (G) C.coronopifolia: (G1) disciform floret, (G2) disc floret. Vouchers: (A) Compton 15396 (NBG); (B) Mucina &amp; Jakubowsky 040606/12 (NBG); (C) Gubb 76 (NBG); (D) Helme 3483 (NBG);(E) Jakubowsky 1/2007 (NBG); (F) Compton 11632 (NBG); (G) Oliver, TÖlken &amp; Venter 313 (NBG).Scale = 1 mm. Artist R.F.Powell." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10496975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10496975/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
) with prominent apical appendages (involucre biseriate, pedicels ovate and fruit marginally winged in 
<taxonomicName id="F5B5A5FF306ADC178F5AAF9A7DD287CF" box="[805,925,1967,1987]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cotula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eckloniana">
<emphasis id="00C1026E306ADC178F5AAF9A7DD287CF" box="[805,925,1967,1987]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">C. eckloniana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="7AAF8DF7306ADC178C24AF0F7B8D82ED" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" type="key">
<key id="4624894D306ADC178C24AF0F7B8D82ED" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
<paragraph id="320ADE7C306ADC178C24AF0F7F558741" blockId="3.[90,760,1850,1988]" box="[91,282,1850,1869]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
<keyLead id="89447D49306ADC178C24AF0F7F558741" box="[91,282,1850,1869]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
<keyStep id="8941C6D9306ADC178C24AF0F7F558741" box="[91,282,1850,1869]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">1a Leaves opposite:</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<keyStep id="8941C6D9306ADC178C25AF687CB787CF" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
<paragraph id="320ADE7C306ADC178C25AF687CB887A4" blockId="3.[90,760,1850,1988]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
<keyLead id="89447D49306ADC178C25AF687CB887A4" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
2a Leaves palmatisect; involucre 1-seriate; corolla not terminally tailed, and disciform fruit ribbed; floating aquatic .......... ...................................................................................................... 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306ADC178E4BAFA17CB887A4" bold="true" box="[564,759,1939,1960]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
1. 
<taxonomicName id="F5B5A5FF306ADC178E35AFA67CB887A4" box="[586,759,1939,1960]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cotula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="myriophylloides">
<emphasis id="00C1026E306ADC178E35AFA67CB887A4" bold="true" box="[586,759,1939,1960]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">C. myriophylloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="320ADE7C306ADC178C25AF857B8D80C6" blockId="3.[90,760,1850,1988]" lastBlockId="3.[805,1474,155,267]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
<keyLead id="89447D49306ADC178C25AF857CB787CF" box="[90,760,1968,1988]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">2b Leaves entire or pinnate; involucre 2-seriate, inner slightly</keyLead>
<keyLead id="89447D49306ADC178F38A8A97B8D80C6" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
<keyStep id="8941C6D9306ADC178F38A8A97B8D80C6" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
transparent; corolla terminally tailed, disciform fruit broadly winged; terrestrial............................................................................................ 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306ADC178950A8827B8D80C6" bold="true" box="[1327,1474,182,202]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
2. 
<taxonomicName id="F5B5A5FF306ADC17893AA8837B8D80C6" box="[1349,1474,182,202]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cotula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eckloniana">
<emphasis id="00C1026E306ADC17893AA8837B8D80C6" bold="true" box="[1349,1474,182,202]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">C. eckloniana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<paragraph id="320ADE7C306ADC178F5AA8E37DA780E5" blockId="3.[805,1474,155,267]" box="[805,1000,214,233]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
<keyLead id="89447D49306ADC178F5AA8E37DA780E5" box="[805,1000,214,233]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
<keyStep id="8941C6D9306ADC178F5AA8E37DA780E5" box="[805,1000,214,233]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">1b Leaves alternate:</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="320ADE7C306ADC178F5AA8CD7B4E8107" blockId="3.[805,1474,155,267]" box="[805,1281,248,267]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
<keyLead id="89447D49306ADC178F5AA8CD7B4E8107" box="[805,1281,248,267]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
<keyStep id="8941C6D9306ADC178F5AA8CD7B4E8107" box="[805,1281,248,267]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">3a Bracts broadly ovate tapering to obtuse apices:</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<keyStep id="8941C6D9306ADC178F59A9157B8F818A" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
<paragraph id="320ADE7C306ADC178F59A9157B8D8142" blockId="3.[805,1475,287,738]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
<keyLead id="89447D49306ADC178F59A9157B8D8142" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
4a Disc ovaries and fruits marginally winged; corolla tube oblong, limb ± width of tube..................................................................... 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306ADC17892EA90E7B8D8142" bold="true" box="[1361,1474,314,334]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
3. 
<taxonomicName id="F5B5A5FF306ADC178918A90F7B8D8142" box="[1383,1474,314,334]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cotula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="filifolia">
<emphasis id="00C1026E306ADC178918A90F7B8D8142" bold="true" box="[1383,1474,314,334]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">C. filifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="320ADE7C306ADC178F59A9627B8F818A" blockId="3.[805,1475,287,738]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
<keyLead id="89447D49306ADC178F59A9627B8F818A" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
4b Disc ovaries and fruits marginally ribbed; corolla tube funnel shaped, limb ± twice width of tube........................................................... 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306ADC178939A9467B8F818A" bold="true" box="[1350,1472,370,390]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
4. 
<taxonomicName id="F5B5A5FF306ADC178922A9477B8F818A" box="[1373,1472,370,390]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cotula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
<emphasis id="00C1026E306ADC178922A9477B8F818A" bold="true" box="[1373,1472,370,390]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">C. vulgaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<paragraph id="320ADE7C306ADC178F5AA9BA7BDC81AE" blockId="3.[805,1475,287,738]" box="[805,1427,399,419]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
<keyLead id="89447D49306ADC178F5AA9BA7BDC81AE" box="[805,1427,399,419]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
<keyStep id="8941C6D9306ADC178F5AA9BA7BDC81AE" box="[805,1427,399,419]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">3b Bracts lanceolate to broadly elliptic, apices obtuse, not tapering:</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<keyStep id="8941C6D9306ADC178F58A9847BF981F0" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
<paragraph id="320ADE7C306ADC178F58A9847B8D81EC" blockId="3.[805,1475,287,738]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
<keyLead id="89447D49306ADC178F58A9847B8D81EC" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
5a Disc ovaries and fruits marginally winged, with dense terete hairs on inner face.............................................................................................. 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306ADC17892BA9F87B8D81EC" bold="true" box="[1364,1474,460,480]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
5. 
<taxonomicName id="F5B5A5FF306ADC178914A9F97B8D81EC" box="[1387,1474,460,480]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cotula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pusilla">
<emphasis id="00C1026E306ADC178914A9F97B8D81EC" bold="true" box="[1387,1474,460,480]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">C. pusilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="320ADE7C306ADC178F58A9DC7BF981F0" blockId="3.[805,1475,287,738]" box="[807,1462,489,508]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
<keyLead id="89447D49306ADC178F58A9DC7BF981F0" box="[807,1462,489,508]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">5b Disc ovaries and fruits marginally ribbed, glabrous to glabrescent:</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="8941C6D9306ADC178F5AAA3E7B8D82ED" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
<paragraph id="320ADE7C306ADC178F5AAA3E7B8D827E" blockId="3.[805,1475,287,738]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
<keyLead id="89447D49306ADC178F5AAA3E7B8D827E" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
6a Leaf bases clasping stem (if bases sheathing, then florets white); leaves regularly pinnate to bipinnate; stems herbaceous, erect or branches spreading, not rooting at the nodes; disciform florets 0 to 14.............................................................................................................. 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306ADC178945AA6B7B8D827E" bold="true" box="[1338,1474,605,626]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
6. 
<taxonomicName id="F5B5A5FF306ADC178930AA687B8D827E" box="[1359,1474,605,626]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cotula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bipinnata">
<emphasis id="00C1026E306ADC178930AA687B8D827E" bold="true" box="[1359,1474,605,626]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">C. bipinnata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="320ADE7C306ADC178F5AAA4F7B8D82ED" blockId="3.[805,1475,287,738]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
<keyLead id="89447D49306ADC178F5AAA4F7B8D82ED" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
6b Leaf bases sheathing fully, florets yellow; leaves simple to apically trifid (occasionally bipinnate); stems thick and spongy, branches decumbent, rooting at the nodes; disciform florets 25 to 30....... ............................................................................................................ 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306ADC178965AAFB7B8D82ED" bold="true" box="[1306,1474,717,737]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
7. 
<taxonomicName id="F5B5A5FF306ADC178950AAF87B8D82ED" box="[1327,1474,717,737]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cotula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coronopifolia">
<emphasis id="00C1026E306ADC178950AAF87B8D82ED" bold="true" box="[1327,1474,717,737]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">C. coronopifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
</subSection>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="66CA8EF4306DDC108C0EACFD7DD8853D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10496975" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10496975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10496975/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" startId="4.[113,138,1224,1238]" targetBox="[282,1329,145,1185]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="320ADE7C306DDC108C0EACFD7DD8853D" blockId="4.[113,1498,1222,1330]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<emphasis id="00C1026E306DDC108C0EACFD7ED084DA" bold="true" box="[113,159,1224,1238]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
Floret variation showing the disciform and disc floret of each species in the 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306DDC108EB0ACF37DDD84DA" box="[719,914,1222,1238]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<taxonomicName id="F5B5A5FF306DDC108EB0ACF37D1084DA" box="[719,863,1222,1238]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cotula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coronopifolia">Cotula coronopifolia</taxonomicName>
group.
</emphasis>
(A) 
<taxonomicName id="F5B5A5FF306DDC108FCEACF37A7B84DA" box="[945,1076,1222,1238]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cotula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="myriophylloides">
<emphasis id="00C1026E306DDC108FCEACF37A7B84DA" box="[945,1076,1222,1238]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">C.myriophylloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: (A1) disciform floret; (A2) disc floret; (B) 
<taxonomicName id="F5B5A5FF306DDC10890AACF37B9B84DA" box="[1397,1492,1222,1238]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cotula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eckloniana">
<emphasis id="00C1026E306DDC10890AACF37B9B84DA" box="[1397,1492,1222,1238]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">C. eckloniana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: (B1) disciform floret, (B2) disc floret dorsal view, (B3) disc floret ventral view with ovary, (B4) disc floret ventral view without ovary; (C) 
<taxonomicName id="F5B5A5FF306DDC10880DACE87AF484E1" box="[1138,1211,1245,1261]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cotula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
<emphasis id="00C1026E306DDC10880DACE87AF484E1" box="[1138,1211,1245,1261]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">C.vulgaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: (C1) disciform floret, (C2) disc floret; (D) 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306DDC108CEFACC17E988508" box="[144,215,1268,1284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
C. 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306DDC108CDDACC07EE48508" bold="true" box="[162,171,1269,1284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">fi</emphasis>
lilfolia
</emphasis>
: (D1) disciform floret, (D2) disc floret; (E) 
<taxonomicName id="F5B5A5FF306DDC108E60ACC17C2F8508" box="[543,608,1268,1284]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cotula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pusilla">
<emphasis id="00C1026E306DDC108E60ACC17C2F8508" box="[543,608,1268,1284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">C. pusilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: (E1) disciform floret, (E2) disc floret; (F) 
<taxonomicName id="F5B5A5FF306DDC108FDDACC17DB78508" box="[930,1016,1268,1284]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cotula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bipinnata">
<emphasis id="00C1026E306DDC108FDDACC17DB78508" box="[930,1016,1268,1284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">C. bipinnata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: (F1) disciform floret, (F2) disc floret; (G) 
<taxonomicName id="F5B5A5FF306DDC108943ACC17BE48508" box="[1340,1451,1268,1284]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cotula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coronopifolia">
<emphasis id="00C1026E306DDC108943ACC17BE48508" box="[1340,1451,1268,1284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">C. coronopifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: (G1) disciform floret, (G2) disc floret. Vouchers: (A) 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306DDC108DA6AD3E7C028517" box="[473,589,1291,1307]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Compton 15396</emphasis>
(NBG); (B) 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306DDC108ED6AD397DEF8517" box="[681,928,1292,1307]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Mucina &amp; Jakubowsky 040606/12</emphasis>
(NBG); (C) 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306DDC108F83AD3E7A758517" box="[1020,1082,1291,1307]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Gubb 76</emphasis>
(NBG); (D) 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306DDC1088E7AD397ABF8517" box="[1176,1264,1292,1307]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Helme 3483</emphasis>
(NBG); (E) 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306DDC108934AD397B958517" box="[1355,1498,1292,1307]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Jakubowsky 1/2007</emphasis>
(NBG); (F) 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306DDC108CB8AD177F74853D" box="[199,315,1314,1330]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Compton 11632</emphasis>
(NBG); (G) 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306DDC108DE6AD177F8B853E" box="[409,452,1314,1330]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Oliver</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306DDC108DB3AD177C2E853D" box="[460,609,1314,1330]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">TÖlken &amp; Venter 313</emphasis>
(NBG). Scale = 1 mm. Artist R.F. Powell.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="7AAF8DF7306DDC108C0EAD537C478576" box="[113,520,1382,1402]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="320ADE7C306DDC108C0EAD537C478576" blockId="4.[113,783,1382,1653]" box="[113,520,1382,1402]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<emphasis id="00C1026E306DDC108C0EAD537C478576" box="[113,520,1382,1402]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Distribution, ecology and conservation status</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7AAF8DF7306DDC108CEEADB77FE78679" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="320ADE7C306DDC108CEEADB77FE78679" blockId="4.[113,783,1382,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<taxonomicName id="F5B5A5FF306DDC108CEEADB77F2D859A" box="[145,354,1410,1430]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cotula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="myriophylloides">
<emphasis id="00C1026E306DDC108CEEADB77F2D859A" box="[145,354,1410,1430]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Cotula myriophylloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in shallow, slow flowing coastal pools or lagoons, often those with a relatively high salinity, and was once apparently common on the 
<collectingRegion id="F071109E306DDC108D21AD8E7FC385C2" box="[350,396,1467,1486]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Cape</collectingRegion>
Peninsula (
<figureCitation id="AA8EC2F9306DDC108D85AD8F7C6585C1" box="[506,554,1466,1485]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[179,204,595,609]" captionTargetBox="[119,732,145,558]" captionTargetId="figure-790@5.[115,735,142,560]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 5. Known geographical distribution of Cotula myriophylloides." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10496977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10496977/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
) where it is now extinct (
<bibRefCitation id="5624A38D306DDC108C04ADE37EBB85E5" author="Helme, N. A." box="[123,244,1494,1513]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" pagination="80" refId="ref17032" refString="Helme, N. A., 2013. Cotula myriophylloides. In: Raimondo, D., Grieve, K., Helme, N., Koopman, R., Ebrahim, I. (Eds.), Plants in Peral. SANBI, Pretoria, p. 80." type="book chapter" year="2013">Helme, 2013</bibRefCitation>
). Only two isolated and recently discovered populations are known to remain (
<emphasis id="00C1026E306DDC108D32ADC47F288609" box="[333,359,1521,1541]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">viz</emphasis>
. Bot River Lagoon and De Mond Nature Reserve Lagoon). A single collection of this species at Piesangs River near Knysna suggests that additional possibly overlooked populations between Agulhas and Knysna may still remain. The status of CR B2ab(iii) is retained (
<bibRefCitation id="5624A38D306DDC108C9BAE577FD58679" author="Powell, R. F. &amp; Helme, N. A. &amp; Raimondo, D. &amp; von Staden, L." box="[228,410,1634,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" pagination="16" refId="ref17561" refString="Powell, R. F., Helme, N. A., Raimondo, D., von Staden, L., 2013 a. Cotula myriophylloides Harv. National Assessment: Red List of South African Plants. Taxon Report: SANBI Threatened Species Programme Threatened Plants Database (Extracted on 2013 / 09 / 16)." type="journal article" year="2013">Powell et al., 2013a</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7AAF8DF7306DDC108C0EAEAC7EAA87C8" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="320ADE7C306DDC108C0EAEAC7FC186A1" blockId="4.[113,784,1689,1988]" box="[113,398,1689,1709]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<emphasis id="00C1026E306DDC108C0EAEAC7FC186A1" box="[113,398,1689,1709]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Additional specimens examined</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="320ADE7C306DDC108CEEAE807EAA87C8" blockId="4.[113,784,1689,1988]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<collectingCountry id="4AA29EEC306DDC108CEEAE807F4C86C4" box="[145,259,1717,1736]" name="South Africa" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">South Africa</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="F071109E306DDC108D74AE837FEC86C5" box="[267,419,1718,1737]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">WESTERN CAPE</collectingRegion>
: 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306DDC108DD5AE807C1086C4" bold="true" box="[426,607,1717,1736]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
3318 (
<collectingRegion id="F071109E306DDC108D9BAE807C5A86C4" box="[484,533,1717,1736]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Cape</collectingRegion>
Town):
</emphasis>
Greenpoint (–CD), 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306DDC108C0EAEE57F4886E8" box="[113,263,1744,1764]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Schlechter 9023</emphasis>
(PRE), 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306DDC108D2BAEE57FBE86E8" box="[340,497,1744,1764]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Mac Owen 1170</emphasis>
(BOL). 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306DDC108E40AEE47D4086E8" bold="true" box="[575,783,1745,1764]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">3418 (Simonstown):</emphasis>
Noordhoek saltpan (–AB), 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306DDC108D05AED97C5F870C" box="[378,528,1772,1792]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Compton 15396</emphasis>
(NBG), 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306DDC108E1CAED97C89870C" box="[611,710,1772,1792]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Walner 66</emphasis>
(BOL); Kommetjie effluent (–AB), 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306DDC108D0CAF3D7FA88710" box="[371,487,1800,1820]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Wolley 3628</emphasis>
(BOL); Submerged in vlei near Maitland (–DA), 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306DDC108D75AF117FD98734" box="[266,406,1828,1848]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Stephens 18560</emphasis>
(BOL). 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306DDC108DA7AF107C3E8734" bold="true" box="[472,625,1829,1848]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">3419 (Caledon):</emphasis>
Bot River lagoon, 
<quantity id="F54D7399306DDC108C0EAF747EFB8758" box="[113,180,1857,1876]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" unit="km" value="1.3">1.3 km</quantity>
upstream from Klienmond, The Draay 563 (–AC), 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306DDC108EE0AF757D408758" box="[671,783,1856,1876]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Helme 5675</emphasis>
(NBG). 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306DDC108CC5AF687F39877C" bold="true" box="[186,374,1885,1904]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">3420 (Bredasdorp)</emphasis>
: 
<quantity id="F54D7399306DDC108DFBAF687F88877C" box="[388,455,1885,1904]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" unit="km" value="0.1">0.1 km</quantity>
south of Vogelgezang farmhouse, west of road to De Mond Nature Reserve (–CA), 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306DDC108E2BAF4D7C898780" box="[596,710,1912,1932]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Helme 5866</emphasis>
(NBG). 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306DDC108C0EAFA17F4487AB" bold="true" box="[113,267,1940,1959]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">3423 (Knysna):</emphasis>
Piesangs River, above road bridge (–AB), 
<emphasis id="00C1026E306DDC108EDEAFA17ED187CF" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">O'Callaghan 732b</emphasis>
(NBG).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>