340 lines
40 KiB
XML
340 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document id="AE326C81EE4D3FEA2FCD32F9D4A2CD8F" ID-CLB-Dataset="50581" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.173027" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e7d5e51e-e5fa-4ff1-a350-a0db80961c55" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="173027" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459767959698" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hovore, Frank T. & Toledo, Víctor H." docDate="2006" docId="6E6B87E2605DFFC1FEF8FCF7FB22A062" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01252p061.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1252" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Sympagus Bates" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="52" masterDocId="9252FF9A605CFFC2FFF0FFB6FFC6A744" masterDocTitle="Review of the genus Sympagus Bates, 1881 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Acanthocinini)" masterLastPageNumber="61" masterPageNumber="49" pageNumber="50" updateTime="1698223203060" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="469DCE1FEB1EB87817688EE326A7FA7E">Review of the genus Sympagus Bates, 1881 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Acanthocinini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="136DE5821715140F0192343309D2268F">Hovore, Frank T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4F27CF69A2E091720955D21B640719EC">Toledo, Víctor H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="FA32223DE5F77BC6D672F083ABC3D464">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="D431A99FEE93FE2F97A948D73AA86497">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="43AEF1EDDDC3FA5EAC3B26C4E1216CF2">
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<mods:date id="41E7F01094636D330D30D8BFADDC543F">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="855D0C77E639BD0CADBFD5853E9461D4" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="E66C7F53EC85BF29331F5DF929DB6B97">1252</mods:number>
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<treatment id="6E6B87E2605DFFC1FEF8FCF7FB22A062" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5053479" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119346526" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5053479" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6E6B87E2605DFFC1FEF8FCF7FB22A062" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6E6B87E2605DFFC1FEF8FCF7FB22A062" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
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<subSubSection id="AED8657F605DFFC3FEF8FCF7FDE0A41F" box="[264,550,833,859]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E67D36F4605DFFC3FEF8FCF7FDE0A41F" blockId="1.[264,550,833,859]" box="[264,550,833,859]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="D4B6EAE6605DFFC3FEF8FCF7FDE0A41F" bold="true" box="[264,550,833,859]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="21C24D77605DFFC3FEAFFCF7FDE0A41F" ID-CoL="7QTX" authority="Bates" authorityName="Bates" box="[351,550,833,859]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sympagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D4B6EAE6605DFFC3FEAFFCF7FE1DA41F" bold="true" box="[351,475,833,859]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Sympagus</emphasis>
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Bates
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AED8657F605DFFC3FEF8FC3AFD5FA307" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="E67D36F4605DFFC3FEF8FC3AFCEDA4A7" blockId="1.[264,1323,908,1091]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="C6D211DA605DFFC3FEF8FC3AFCEDA4A7" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
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<taxonomicName id="21C24D77605DFFC3FEF8FC3AFDF5A4E7" ID-CoL="7QTX" authority="Bates, 1881: 172" authorityName="Bates" authorityPageNumber="172" authorityYear="1881" box="[264,563,908,931]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sympagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D4B6EAE6605DFFC3FEF8FC3AFEB2A4E7" box="[264,372,908,931]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Sympagus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="676310E5605DFFC3FE8CFC3AFDF5A4E7" author="Bates" box="[380,563,908,931]" page="172" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" year="1881">
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<bibRefCitation id="82534B05605DFFC3FE8CFC3AFE3BA4E7" author="Bates" box="[380,509,908,931]" pageId="1" pageNumber="61" refString="Bates, H. W. (1881) Biologia Centrali-Americana, lnsecta, Coleoptera, Longicornes, London, 5, 153 - 224." type="journal article" year="1881">Bates, 1881</bibRefCitation>
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: 172
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<treatmentCitation id="676310E5605DFFC3FDBEFC3AFC96A4E7" author="Blackwelder" box="[590,848,908,931]" page="617" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" year="1946">
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<bibRefCitation id="82534B05605DFFC3FDBEFC3AFCDDA4E7" author="Blackwelder" box="[590,795,908,931]" pageId="1" pageNumber="61" refString="Blackwelder, R. E. (1946) Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies and South America. Part 4. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 185, 551 - 763." type="journal article" year="1946">Blackwelder, 1946</bibRefCitation>
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: 617
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="676310E5605DFFC3FCACFC3AFBB1A4E7" author="Chemsak" box="[860,1143,908,931]" page="147" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" year="1992">
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<bibRefCitation id="82534B05605DFFC3FCACFC3AFB87A4E7" author="Chemsak" box="[860,1089,908,931]" pageId="1" pageNumber="61" refString="Chemsak, J. A., Linsley, E. G. & Noguera, F. A. (1992) Listados faunisticos de Mexico. II. Los Cerambycidae y Disteniidae de Norteamerica, Centroamerica y las Indias Occidentales (Coleoptera). Universidad Nacional Autonoma, Mexico, D. F., 204 pp." type="book" year="1992">Chemsak et al., 1992</bibRefCitation>
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: 147
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="676310E5605DFFC3FB72FC3AFE22A487" author="Monne" page="264" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" year="1994">
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<bibRefCitation id="82534B05605DFFC3FB72FC3AFE6DA487" author="Monne" pageId="1" pageNumber="61" refString="Monne, M. A. & Giesbert, E. F. (1994) Checklist of the Cerambycidae and Disteniidae (Coleoptera) of the Western Hemisphere. Wolfsgarden Books, Burbank, 409 pp." type="book" year="1994">Monné & Giesbert, 1994</bibRefCitation>
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: 264
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</treatmentCitation>
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; Monné, 2005: 133;
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<treatmentCitation id="676310E5605DFFC3FD3EFC1AFBD3A487" author="Monne" box="[718,1045,940,963]" page="197" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" year="2005">
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<bibRefCitation id="82534B05605DFFC3FD3EFC1AFC1AA487" author="Monne" box="[718,988,940,963]" pageId="1" pageNumber="61" refString="Monne, M. A. & Hovore, F. T. (2005) Checklist of the Cerambycidae, or longhorned wood-boring beetles, of the Western Hemisphere. Bio Quip Publications, 392 pp." type="book" year="2005">Monné & Hovore, 2005</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 197
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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<typeStatus id="39798856605DFFC3FBD3FC1AFB9EA487" box="[1059,1112,940,963]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="21C24D77605DFFC3FB31FC1AFDE4A4A7" ID-CoL="6PNXV" authority="Bates, 1872" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1872" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Lepturges" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laetabilis">
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<emphasis id="D4B6EAE6605DFFC3FB31FC1AFE5DA4A7" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Lepturges laetabilis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="82534B05605DFFC3FE52FC7AFDE4A4A7" author="Bates" box="[418,546,972,995]" pageId="1" pageNumber="61" refString="Bates, H. W. (1872) On the longicorn Coleoptera of Chontales, Nicaragua. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1872, 163 - 238." type="journal article" year="1872">Bates, 1872</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by original designation.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E67D36F4605DFFC3FEF8FC5AFD5FA307" blockId="1.[264,1323,908,1091]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="C6D211DA605DFFC3FEF8FC5AFD5FA307" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
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||
<taxonomicName id="21C24D77605DFFC3FEF8FC5AFD88A347" authority="Gilmour, 1959: 27" authorityName="Gilmour" authorityPageNumber="27" authorityYear="1959" box="[264,590,1004,1027]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Stenopsilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D4B6EAE6605DFFC3FEF8FC5AFE46A347" box="[264,384,1004,1027]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Stenopsilus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="676310E5605DFFC3FE77FC5AFD88A347" author="Gilmour" box="[391,590,1004,1027]" page="27" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" year="1959">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="82534B05605DFFC3FE77FC5AFDE0A347" author="Gilmour" box="[391,550,1004,1027]" pageId="1" pageNumber="61" refString="Gilmour, E. F. (1959) On the Neotropical Acanthocinini VI. Some new genera and species. Anales de la Sociedad de Biologia, 1959, 23 - 38." type="journal article" year="1959">Gilmour, 1959</bibRefCitation>
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: 27
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<treatmentCitation id="676310E5605DFFC3FD98FC5AFC6CA347" author="Monne" box="[616,938,1004,1027]" page="262" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" year="1994">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82534B05605DFFC3FD98FC5AFCB0A347" author="Monne" box="[616,886,1004,1027]" pageId="1" pageNumber="61" refString="Monne, M. A. & Giesbert, E. F. (1994) Checklist of the Cerambycidae and Disteniidae (Coleoptera) of the Western Hemisphere. Wolfsgarden Books, Burbank, 409 pp." type="book" year="1994">Monné & Giesbert, 1994</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 262
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
; Monné, 2005: 128;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="676310E5605DFFC3FB77FC5AFE11A367" author="Monne" page="197" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" year="2005">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82534B05605DFFC3FB77FC5AFE67A367" author="Monne" pageId="1" pageNumber="61" refString="Monne, M. A. & Hovore, F. T. (2005) Checklist of the Cerambycidae, or longhorned wood-boring beetles, of the Western Hemisphere. Bio Quip Publications, 392 pp." type="book" year="2005">Monné & Hovore, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 197
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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<typeStatus id="39798856605DFFC3FE11FBBAFDD0A367" box="[481,534,1036,1059]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="21C24D77605DFFC3FD89FBBAFBE4A367" authority="Gilmour, 1959" authorityName="Gilmour" authorityYear="1959" box="[633,1058,1036,1059]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Stenopsilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bimaculatus">
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<emphasis id="D4B6EAE6605DFFC3FD89FBBAFCBDA367" box="[633,891,1036,1059]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Stenopsilus bimaculatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="82534B05605DFFC3FC72FBBAFBE4A367" author="Gilmour" box="[898,1058,1036,1059]" pageId="1" pageNumber="61" refString="Gilmour, E. F. (1959) On the Neotropical Acanthocinini VI. Some new genera and species. Anales de la Sociedad de Biologia, 1959, 23 - 38." type="journal article" year="1959">Gilmour, 1959</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by monotypy and original description.
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<emphasis id="D4B6EAE6605DFFC3FE13FB9DFD5FA307" bold="true" box="[483,665,1067,1091]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">New Synonymy.</emphasis>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="AED8657F605DFFC0FEF8FBC2FD4AA2A2" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="E67D36F4605DFFC3FEF8FBC2FEB9A3C9" blockId="1.[264,1323,1140,1446]" box="[264,383,1140,1165]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="D4B6EAE6605DFFC3FEF8FBC2FEB9A3C9" box="[264,383,1140,1165]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E67D36F4605DFFC3FEC8FB2AFCAAA2E2" blockId="1.[264,1323,1140,1446]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">This genus can be distinguished by a combination of the following characters: front quadrate; eyes finely faceted; lower eye lobes only moderately large, subequal in height to gena below or at most 1.25 times taller; interocular space on vertex 1.5 to 2 times greater than width of upper eye lobe; antennal scape elongate, gradually enlarged or feebly clavate apically, apex simple, without a cicatrix or excavation; pro and mesosternal processes relatively broad, the former not less than onehalf the width of an adjacent coxa, and the latter as wide or distinctly wider than adjacent coxa.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E67D36F4605DFFC3FEF8FA6AFE6CA2B1" blockId="1.[264,1324,1500,1886]" box="[264,426,1500,1525]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="D4B6EAE6605DFFC3FEF8FA6AFE6CA2B1" box="[264,426,1500,1525]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Redescription</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E67D36F4605DFFC0FEC8F9B2FD4AA2A2" blockId="1.[264,1324,1500,1886]" lastBlockId="2.[264,1325,284,1510]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
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Form moderately robust, broadly subcylindrical, slightly flattened dorsally, species small to moderatesized; integument shining, redbrown to piceous, generally obscured by dense, very fine appressed pubescence of various colors on body and appendages, forming variable patterns on the pronotal disk and elytra; longer, erect setae on front of head and on basolateral margins of pronotum, shorter, stouter, suberect setae scattered on ventral surface of antennal segments, and dense and bristling on tibiae, particularly at apices. Head with front quadrate, evenly convex, frons short, broad, clypeus simple, short, rotundatetruncate apically, gena broad, simple, antennal tubercles elevated, rounded, transverse, protruding laterally over eyes, vertex impressed behind antennal tubercles; eyes finely faceted, lower lobes moderately large, equal to or 1.25 times taller than gena below, upper and lower lobes connected by 3–4 rows of facets and consisting of about 9 rows of facets at widest point, separated on vertex by 1.5 to 2 times the width of lobe; antennal scape elongate, attaining elytral base, subcylindrical, expanded or feebly clavate apically, apex simple, not excavated, second segment short, ovate, flagellar segments filiform, very slender, simple, at most feebly expanded at apex, surpassing elytral apices by about 6–7 segments in male,
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<quantity id="213A9B11605EFFC0FD8EFDBAFD0EA562" box="[638,712,524,550]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.397" metricValueMax="1.524" metricValueMin="1.27" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" unit="in" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6 in</quantity>
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||
female, third segment subequal or equal in length to scape, fourth slightly shorter, segments 5–10 subequal to one another, slightly shorter than fourth, segment 11 usually slightly longer than scape. Scutellum short, broadly rounded or ligulate. Pronotum stout, about one third wider than long, disk convex or slightly impressed medially, without dorsal tubercles, sides rounded, narrowly convex or feebly tuberculate at basal onethird, tubercles obtusely rounded, transverse basal impression on disk behind tubercles; prosternum simple, narrow in front of coxae, procoxal process moderately broad, feebly arcuate, narrowed between coxae to onehalf to twothirds width of adjacent coxa, apex of process broadly expanded, closing procoxal cavities behind; mesosternum narrow, strongly impressed in front of coxae, mesosternal process abruptly elevated and arcuate to coxae, plane or feebly impressed between coxae, as wide or wider than adjacent coxa, apex feebly expanded before coxal sutures; metasternum broadly flattened medially, sides rounded or slightly inflated. Elytra about onethird longer than humeral width, parallelsided to near apex, humeri rounded, feebly produced, disk slightly convex around scutellum, feebly impressed medially, apices sinuatetruncate or emarginate, outer angle angulatedentate. Legs robust, femora moderately strongly clavate, tibiae and tarsi simple, apical twothirds of male foretibia excavated beneath, densely setose, foretarsi simple, not expanded or fringed; metatarsi with basal segment short, subequal to, or slightly less than, the length of the following two segments together. Abdomen broad, convex in both sexes, more so in female, basal sternite as long as following two sternites together, sternites 2–4 narrow, subequal in length, male apical sternite slightly longer than fourth, rounded to apex, apical margin variable, usually broadly emarginate, female apical sternite tapering, more elongate, longer than preceding two sternites together, apical onehalf of terminal sternite and tergite together slightly protruding beyond elytral apices.
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AED8657F605EFFC1FEF8F9AAFDAFA5DA" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="E67D36F4605EFFC0FEF8F9AAFEA8A171" blockId="2.[264,1324,1564,1870]" box="[264,366,1564,1589]" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">
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||
<emphasis id="D4B6EAE6605EFFC0FEF8F9AAFEA8A171" box="[264,366,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Remarks</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="E67D36F4605EFFC1FEC8F9F2FDAFA5DA" blockId="2.[264,1324,1564,1870]" lastBlockId="3.[264,1323,284,1830]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C24D77605EFFC0FEC8F9F2FE7FA119" box="[312,441,1604,1629]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Atrypanius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6EAE6605EFFC0FEC8F9F2FE7FA119" box="[312,441,1604,1629]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Atrypanius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C24D77605EFFC0FE07F9F2FD53A119" box="[503,661,1604,1629]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Nyssodrysina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6EAE6605EFFC0FE07F9F2FD53A119" box="[503,661,1604,1629]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Nyssodrysina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
both contain species which are superficially similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C24D77605EFFC0FEF8F9DAFEB9A1C1" box="[264,383,1644,1669]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sympagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6EAE6605EFFC0FEF8F9DAFEB9A1C1" box="[264,383,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Sympagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in appearance, but both of these presently may include species which are not strictly congeneric. Based upon the
|
||
<typeStatus id="39798856605EFFC0FD4FF922FD37A1EA" box="[703,753,1684,1710]" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of each genus (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C24D77605EFFC0FBECF922FEBFA192" authority="Germar" authorityName="Germar" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Atrypanius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conspersus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6EAE6605EFFC0FBECF922FAECA1E9" box="[1052,1322,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Atrypanius conspersus</emphasis>
|
||
(Germar)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C24D77605EFFC0FE74F90AFCE9A192" authority="LeConte" authorityName="LeConte" box="[388,815,1724,1750]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Nyssodrysina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haldemani">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6EAE6605EFFC0FE74F90AFD62A191" box="[388,676,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Nyssodrysina haldemani</emphasis>
|
||
(LeConte))
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, both of these genera differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C24D77605EFFC0FB44F90AFAEDA191" box="[1204,1323,1724,1749]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sympagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6EAE6605EFFC0FB44F90AFAEDA191" box="[1204,1323,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Sympagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having the front of the head rectangular, eyes coarsely faceted, lower eye lobes three times or more taller than the gena below, upper lobes separated on the vertex by the width of the upper eye lobe or less; the antennal scape relatively shorter, stouter, and more evenly cylindrical, apically emarginated or with a small dorsal cicatrix; and the elytral apices rounded, truncate, or angulate, but not dentate laterally.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C24D77605FFFC1FC6FFEF2FB6CA619" box="[927,1194,324,349]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Atrypanius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conspersus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6EAE6605FFFC1FC6FFEF2FB6CA619" box="[927,1194,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Atrypanius conspersus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has lateral pronotal tubercles similar in configuration and placement to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C24D77605FFFC1FBA6FEDAFB0BA6C1" box="[1110,1229,364,389]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sympagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6EAE6605FFFC1FBA6FEDAFB0BA6C1" box="[1110,1229,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Sympagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C24D77605FFFC1FAE0FEDAFE42A6E9" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Nyssodrysina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haldemani">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6EAE6605FFFC1FAE0FEDAFE42A6E9" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">N. haldemani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has acute, posteriorly angulated lateral tubercles, situated at the terminus of the basal impression. The sternal processes in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C24D77605FFFC1FCF9FE0AFC69A691" box="[777,943,444,469]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Atrypanius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conspersus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6EAE6605FFFC1FCF9FE0AFC69A691" box="[777,943,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">A. conspersus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are only slightly narrower than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C24D77605FFFC1FE9EFE52FE23A6B9" box="[366,485,484,509]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sympagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6EAE6605FFFC1FE9EFE52FE23A6B9" box="[366,485,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Sympagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C24D77605FFFC1FDD1FE52FD79A6B9" box="[545,703,484,509]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Nyssodrysina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haldemani">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6EAE6605FFFC1FDD1FE52FD79A6B9" box="[545,703,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">N. haldemani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the prosternal process only onefourth the width of the adjacent coxa and the mesosternal process not more than onehalf the width of the adjacent coxa. Based upon characters of their respective
|
||
<typeStatus id="39798856605FFFC1FC40FD82FC37A50A" box="[944,1009,564,590]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">types</typeStatus>
|
||
, most of the other species presently included within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C24D77605FFFC1FDC8FDEAFD7FA531" box="[568,697,604,629]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Atrypanius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6EAE6605FFFC1FDC8FDEAFD7FA531" box="[568,697,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Atrypanius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are not strictly congeneric, and many of them may be better placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C24D77605FFFC1FE34FD32FDA4A5D9" box="[452,610,644,669]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Nyssodrysina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6EAE6605FFFC1FE34FD32FDA4A5D9" box="[452,610,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Nyssodrysina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AED8657F605FFFC1FEC8FD1AFB22A062" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="E67D36F4605FFFC1FEC8FD1AFBAEA342" blockId="3.[264,1323,284,1830]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C24D77605FFFC1FEC8FD1AFDF0A582" authority="Bates, 1864" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1864" box="[312,566,684,710]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Stenolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6EAE6605FFFC1FEC8FD1AFE55A581" box="[312,403,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Stenolis</emphasis>
|
||
Bates, 1864
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, superficially resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C24D77605FFFC1FC9EFD1AFC23A581" box="[878,997,684,709]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sympagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6EAE6605FFFC1FC9EFD1AFC23A581" box="[878,997,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Sympagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the form of the head, antennae and pronotum, but is distinctly more elongate and slender in form. Based upon examination of color transparencies of dorsal and ventral views of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="39798856605FFFC1FBBEFD4AFB72A452" box="[1102,1204,764,790]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C24D77605FFFC1FEE2FC92FDB7A47A" authority="Bates, 1864" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1864" box="[274,625,804,830]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Stenolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6EAE6605FFFC1FEE2FC92FE18A479" box="[274,478,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Stenolis undulata</emphasis>
|
||
Bates, 1864
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C24D77605FFFC1FD60FC92FB89A47A" authority="Fabricius, 1801" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1801" box="[656,1103,804,830]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Stenocorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6EAE6605FFFC1FD60FC92FC48A479" box="[656,910,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Stenocorus angulatus</emphasis>
|
||
Fabricius, 1801
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and comparisons with several specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C24D77605FFFC1FDA9FCFAFCEDA421" box="[601,811,844,869]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Stenolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6EAE6605FFFC1FDA9FCFAFCEDA421" box="[601,811,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Stenolis angulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9ED57664605FFFC1FC70FCFAFC0EA422" box="[896,968,844,870]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9ED57664605FFFC1FBFEFCFAFBA8A422" box="[1038,1134,844,870]" name="Panama" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6EAE6605FFFC1FB70FCFAFE95A4C9" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C24D77605FFFC1FB70FCFAFAECA421" box="[1152,1322,844,869]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Stenolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sensu">
|
||
Stenolis
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CF85579D605FFFC1FB19FCFAFAECA421" box="[1257,1322,844,869]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" sensu="stricto">sensu</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
stricto
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
also differs by the more elongate, rectangular front, upper eye lobes separated by about the width of the upper lobe, and much narrower pro and mesosternal processes, being about onefourth and onehalf the width of an adjacent coxa, respectively. Like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C24D77605FFFC1FEF8FC5AFE60A341" box="[264,422,1004,1029]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Nyssodrysina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6EAE6605FFFC1FEF8FC5AFE60A341" box="[264,422,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Nyssodrysina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C24D77605FFFC1FE45FC5AFDD7A341" box="[437,529,1004,1029]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Stenolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6EAE6605FFFC1FE45FC5AFDD7A341" box="[437,529,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Stenolis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be polyphyletic as presently assembled.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E67D36F4605FFFC1FEC8FBA2FDD0A25A" blockId="3.[264,1323,284,1830]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C24D77605FFFC1FEC8FBA2FDAEA36A" authority="Dillon, 1955" authorityName="Dillon" authorityYear="1955" box="[312,616,1044,1070]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Nyssodectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6EAE6605FFFC1FEC8FBA2FE01A369" box="[312,455,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Nyssodectes</emphasis>
|
||
Dillon, 1955
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, has head, pronotal and tibial characters similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C24D77605FFFC1FEF8FB8AFEB9A311" box="[264,383,1084,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sympagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6EAE6605FFFC1FEF8FB8AFEB9A311" box="[264,383,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Sympagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but its included species exhibit a less robust, more dorsally flattened and elongate body form. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="39798856605FFFC1FDACFBD2FD49A33A" box="[604,655,1124,1150]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C24D77605FFFC1FCFEFBD2FB9BA33A" authority="Dillon, 1955" authorityName="Dillon" authorityYear="1955" box="[782,1117,1124,1150]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Nyssodectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="veracruzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6EAE6605FFFC1FCFEFBD2FC6CA339" box="[782,938,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">N. veracruzi</emphasis>
|
||
Dillon, 1955
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, may be easily distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C24D77605FFFC1FE00FB3AFDA1A3E1" box="[496,615,1164,1189]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sympagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6EAE6605FFFC1FE00FB3AFDA1A3E1" box="[496,615,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Sympagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the very narrow prosternal process (not more than onesixth the width of an adjacent coxa), mesosternal process onehalf the width of an adjacent coxa, and posterior tarsi with the basal segment about onethird longer than the following two segments together.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E67D36F4605FFFC1FEC8FA9AFB22A062" blockId="3.[264,1323,284,1830]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
|
||
The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C24D77605FFFC1FE35FA9AFD8FA201" box="[453,585,1324,1349]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Stenopsilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6EAE6605FFFC1FE35FA9AFD8FA201" box="[453,585,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Stenopsilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described based upon a single female specimen from Manaus, Amazonas,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9ED57664605FFFC1FE0FFAE2FD81A22A" box="[511,583,1364,1390]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82534B05605FFFC1FDA6FAE2FCC7A22A" author="Gilmour" box="[598,769,1364,1390]" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" refString="Gilmour, E. F. (1959) On the Neotropical Acanthocinini VI. Some new genera and species. Anales de la Sociedad de Biologia, 1959, 23 - 38." type="journal article" year="1959">Gilmour 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), differentiated from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C24D77605FFFC1FC0DFAE2FAEDA22A" authority="Bates, 1885" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1885" box="[1021,1323,1364,1390]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sphenopsilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6EAE6605FFFC1FC0DFAE2FB51A229" box="[1021,1175,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Sphenopsilus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82534B05605FFFC1FB50FAE2FAEDA22A" author="Bates" box="[1184,1323,1364,1390]" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" refString="Bates, H. W. (1885) Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta; Coleoptera, suppl. to Longicornia, London, 5, 249 - 436." type="journal article" year="1885">Bates, 1885</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C24D77605FFFC1FEDDFACAFD9DA2D2" authority="Erichson, 1847" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1847" box="[301,603,1404,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Cobelura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6EAE6605FFFC1FEDDFACAFE5AA2D1" box="[301,412,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Cobelura</emphasis>
|
||
Erichson, 1847
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C24D77605FFFC1FD53FACAFD39A2D1" box="[675,767,1404,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Stenolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6EAE6605FFFC1FD53FACAFD39A2D1" box="[675,767,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Stenolis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the unarmed pronotal sides, smaller lower eye lobes, quadrate front, and having the mesosternal process very broad. The proposed synonymy with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C24D77605FFFC1FE27FA7AFD88A2A1" box="[471,590,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sympagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6EAE6605FFFC1FE27FA7AFD88A2A1" box="[471,590,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Sympagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is based upon examination of a photograph of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="39798856605FFFC1FB07FA7AFAEFA2A2" box="[1271,1321,1484,1510]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C24D77605FFFC1FE5CFA42FDA6A149" box="[428,608,1524,1549]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Stenopsilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bimaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6EAE6605FFFC1FE5CFA42FDA6A149" box="[428,608,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">S. bimaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and of a series of specimens from Amazonian
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9ED57664605FFFC1FB38FA42FAEFA14A" box="[1224,1321,1524,1550]" name="Ecuador" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
perfectly matching the
|
||
<typeStatus id="39798856605FFFC1FDB2F9AAFDBEA172" box="[578,632,1564,1590]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">type</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C24D77605FFFC1FD62F9AAFC7DA171" box="[658,955,1564,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Stenopsilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bimaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6EAE6605FFFC1FD62F9AAFC7DA171" box="[658,955,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Stenopsilus bimaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shares the synapomorphies supporting
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C24D77605FFFC1FE7DF9F2FDC2A119" box="[397,516,1604,1629]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sympagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6EAE6605FFFC1FE7DF9F2FDC2A119" box="[397,516,1604,1629]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Sympagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with the prosternal process slightly narrower than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C24D77605FFFC1FB44F9F2FEB3A1C1" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sympagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laetabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6EAE6605FFFC1FB44F9F2FEB3A1C1" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Sympagus laetabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but within the range of variation exhibited by other included species. The relative widths of the sternal processes vary differentially within series of material examined of many acanthocinine species, and their use herein in defining genera is supported by other characters. Overall, the characters which defined
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C24D77605FFFC1FB83F952FB31A1B9" box="[1139,1271,1764,1789]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Stenopsilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6EAE6605FFFC1FB83F952FB31A1B9" box="[1139,1271,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Stenopsilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are consistent with those exhibited by all of the species presently included in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C24D77605FFFC1FB97F8BAFB18A061" box="[1127,1246,1804,1829]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sympagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6EAE6605FFFC1FB97F8BAFB18A061" box="[1127,1246,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Sympagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |